Fourth International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances

Papers, Posters and Exhibits

Conference Proceedings

+

CD-ROM

Editor: Klaus Kupfer

Co-Editor: Christof Hübner

Weimar / Germany May 13 -16,2001

Table of Contents

Session 1: Dielectric Properties of Aqueous Materials 1

The Microwave Dielectric Properties of Water and Aqueous Solutions. 3 Solute and Solvent Polarizations; U. Kaatze; Göttingen, Germany

Dielectric Studies of Polymer-Water Interactions in Hydrogels 8 P. Pissis, A. Kyritsis, G. Polizos; Athens, Greece; G. G. Ferrer, M. M. Pradas, J.L. G. Ribelles; Valencia, Spain

Mesoscopic Water Droplets in a Hydrophobie Confinement 16 R. Pelster, V. Grunow, W. Lennartz, H.G. Krauthäuser, A. Haibel, G. Nimtz; Köln, Germany

Determination of Dielectric Constants of Liquids at Millimetre-Wave Frequencies 25 R. Schertlen, T. Zwick, W. Wiesbeck; Karlsruhe, Germany

Session 2: Water in Model Systems and Mixture Theory 29

Properties of Surface water in Hydrated Crystalline Saccharides 31 and Saccharide Derivatives G. Smith , H. M. Derbyshire', I. M. Grimsey2, C. R. Bland3, J. Broadhead4, K G. Brocklehurst, N. J. Mahne ; 1 Leicester,2 Bradford,3 Cambridge, 4 Charnwood,5 Runcorn, UK

Dielectric Relaxation of Water Confined in Porous Glasses 39 Y. Feldman, Ya. Ryabov, A. Gutina and V.l. Arkhipov; Jerusalem, Israel

Thermal and Geometrical Effects on Bulk Permittivity 46 of Porous Mixtures Containing Bound Water S. Jones; D. Or; Logan, Utah, USA

Application of Mixture Formulas to Mixtures 54 with very Flattened and Closely Packed Inclusions S. V. Druchinin; Moscow, Russia

The Microwave Complex Permittivity of Paper: 62 A New Theoretical Model P.D. Kuharchik, V.M. Serdyuk, I.A. Titovitsky, A.Ch. Belyachits, N.I. Kourilo; Minsk, Belarus

Session 3: Dielectric Properties of Biological Substances 71

Dielectric Properties of Certain Biological Materials 73 at Microwave Frequencies S.B. Kumar, Ph. Augustine, K. T. Mathew; Cochin, Kerala, India

VII

Microwave Reflection Technique for Determination 79 of Density, Moisture, and Stage of Decay in Wood K. Khalid, M. H. Shari, N. K. Keong, S. A. Fuad; Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Electromagnetic Properties of Wood at Various Moisture Levels 88 J.v.Hagen, J. Haala, W. Wiesbeck; Karlsruhe, Germany

Impedance Spectroscopy a Tool for In Situ Biomass Analysis 93 and for the Study of the Toxic Sensitivity of Cells in Suspension Culture T. Nacke, D. Frense, D. Beckmann; Heiligenstadt; A. Göller; Leipzig, Germany

Session 4: Measurement Methods 101

Multivariate Methods in Microwave Aquametry 103 M. Kent; Edinburgh, UK

New Function of Dielectric Properties for Density-Independent 111 Moisture Measurement Y. Zhang and S. Okamura; Hamamatsu, Japan

Optimizing a Universal Calibration for Industrial Microwave Moisture Sensors 117 S. Trabelsi, A. W. Kraszewski, S. O. Nelson; Athens, Georgia, USA

Resonator Based Microwave Moisture Meter 125 with Digital Phase Signal Processing F. Daschner, R. Knöchel, Kiel; K. Kupfer, Weimar, Germany

Session 5: Sensors 133

Microstrip Sensors used in Microwave Aquametry 135 F. Volgyi; Budapest, Hungary

Non-Invasive Measurement of Moisture Distribution using TDR 143 /. Woodhead, G. Buchan, D. Kulasiri, J. Christie; Canterbury, New Zealand

Microstrip Resonator Technique for Non-Destructive Moisture / 151 Permittivity Measurement K. K. Joshi, Pune, India; R. D. Pollard, Leeds, UK

One Sided Microwave Moisture Sensors 156 B. Tsentsiper; Houston, Texas, USA.

Integrated Network Analyser Module for Microwave Moisture Sensors 165 J. Sachs, P. Peyerl; Ilmenau, Germany

The Sample Area of Time Domain Reflectometry Probes in Proximity 173 to Sharp Dielectric Permittivity Boundaries P.A. Ferre, Tucson, Arizona, USA; Henrik Nissen, P. Moldrup, Aalborg, Denmark;

VIII

A Comparative Study on the Stability of four Different Conversion Models 185 of the Open-Ended Coaxial Probe Sang-WookKim, Yu-Sun Cho, Seung-Yeup Hyun, Se-YunKim; Seoul Korea

Session 6: Application of Methods and Sensors to Agricultural Products and Foodstuffs 193

Broadband Free-Space Microwave Wheat Permittivity Measurements 195 A. W. Kraszewski, S. Trabelsi and S.O. Nelson; Athens, Georgia, USA

Permittivity of Rice Grain from Electromagnetic Scattering 203 K. P. Thakur, W. S. Holmes; Auckland, New Zealand

Frequency and Temperature Dependence of the Permittivities of Food Materials 211 S. O. Nelson; Athens, Georgia; P. G. Bartley, Jr.; Norfolk, Virginia, USA

Determination of the Composition of Foodstuffs using Microwave Dielectric 217 Spectra and Artificial Neural Networks F. Daschner, R. Knöchel, Kiel, Germany; M. Kent; Edinburgh, UK

Do Microwave and Infrared Dryers Measure the Water Content of Foodstuffs ? 224 HD. Isengard, M. Walter, H.Backes, J.-M. Färber; Stuttgart, Germany

Session 7: Application of Methods and Sensors for Civil Engineering 233

Free Space Moisture Profile Measurement 235 D. Glay, T. Lasri, A. Mamouni, Y. Leroy; Lille, France

Dielectric Measurement for Mortar: Curing Time Dependency 243 of Relaxation Spectra of Hydrated Water and Non-Destructive Test Y. Hayashi, M. Asano, N. Shinyashiki, and S. Yagihara, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa; M. Shiotsubo, Kawasaki, Kanagawa; Y. Kato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; T. Uomoto, Mineato-ku, Tokyo, JAPAN

Monitoring Free Water Content in Hydrating Cement Paste 251 by a Microwave Impulse Technique R. Cerny, V. Tydlität, T. Klecka, P. Bouska, P. Rovnanikovä; Prague, Czech Republic

Monitoring Moisture in Concrete with an Embedded Transmission Line 259 F. Malan, K. Ahmet; Luton, UK

Reliability of Trime-TDR-Sensors for Moisture Determination 266 in Pure and Contaminated Concrete M Stacheder, P. Blume, R. Fundinger, K. Koehler, R. Ruf; Ettlingen, Germany

IX

Measurement of the Complex Permittivity of Building Materials at 2,45 GHz 274 in Dependence on Moisture Content, Salt Content and Temperature W. Leschnik, U. Schlemm; Hamburg-Harburg, Germany

Moisture Mapping - Getting 2D and 3D Moisture Distribution by Microwave Measurements 282 A. Göller; Leipzig, Germany

Session 8: Methods and Sensors in Process Engineering 291

Permanent Downhole Microwave Sensor for the Local Measurement 293 of the Water Content of the Fluid Produced in an Oilwell E. Nyfors, Stavanger, Norway

Low Frequency On-line Microwave Moisture Analyser for the Minerals 301 and Process Industries D. G. Miljak, N. G. Cutmore, D. Cmokrak, A. J. Mcewan, T. G. Rowlands; Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia

A Slot-Coupled Ring Resonator Sensor for Moisture Measurement 308 in an Industrial Environment G.Avitabile, N. Sottani, C.Salvador, G.Biffi Gentili; Florence, Italy

Determination of Density and Moisture Distribution in Chip Boards with 316 One-Sided Access Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (OSA-NMR) B. Wolter; Saarbrücken, Germany

Session 9: Moisture Content Determination in Soils and Minerals 325

Electromagnetic Wave Measurements of Soil Water Content: A State-of-the-Art 327 G. C. Topp; Ottawa, Canada; P.A. (Ty) Ferre; Tucson, Arizona, USA

Using Expectation Maximisation to Obtain Dielectric Relaxation Time Spectra 336 of Aqueous Montmorillonite Clay Suspensions St. E. Bialkowski, L. Dudley, D. Or; Logan, Utah, USA

Monitoring of the Spatial Soil Water Distribution on a Full-scale Dike Model 343 A. Scheuermann, S. Schlaeger, C. Hübner, A. Brandelik, J. Brauns; Karlsruhe, Germany

In-situ TIME DOMAIN Spectroscopy in Soils: 351 Possibilities, Problems and some Solutions J.P. Laurent; Grenoble-Cedex; P. Ferrari; Le Bourget-du-Lac, Cedex, France

Radio Wave Absorption Coefficient 359 in Sandy and Clayey Moist Soils at Higher Frequencies G. N. Lebedeva; Moscow, Russia

Mapping Soil Water Content with Ground-Penetrating Radar 366 J.A. Huisman, J.J.J.C. Snepvangers, G.B.M. Heuvelink, W. Bouten; Amsterdam, Netherlands

X

The Control of Moisture of Rocks by Methods of Microwave Aquametry 374 /. Renhart; Minsk, Belarus

Session 10: Remote Sensing 381

An Electrostatic Multipole to Asses the Spatial Distribution 383 of the In Situ Water Content of Vegetation Canopies J. Heibert; Thiverval Grignon; P. Boissard; Biot; J.-P. Buis; Paris, France

Free Space Measurement Techniques for Leak Detection of Underground 390 Pipes and Vegetable Detection S. Biju Kumar; J. Jacob; K. T. Mathew; Cochin, Kerala, India

Monitoring System of the Dielectric Constant Distribution 395 in a GPR Test Bed Sang-Wook Kim, Seung-Yeup Hyun, Se-YunKim, Kwang-Chol Choi, Young-Suk Kang; Seoul, Korea

Construction and Assessment of a Coaxial Capacitor 403 for Grain Dielectric Properties Measurement P. A. Berbert'; D. M. Queiroz2; E. F. Sousa'; B. C. Stenning3; M. B. Molina1; E. C. Melo2, 'Rio de Janeiro; 2Vicosa; 3Cranfield; Brazil

Poster Session 413

PI Influence ofHumidityon the Electrical Properties ofThin and 415 Ultrathin p-DADMAC Films N. Stephan; Potsdam; K. Morawetz; Berlin; U. Banach; Berlin; L. Brehmer; Potsdam, Germany

P2 Dipole Orientation in Alcohol-Water Mixtures 420 S. M. Puranik; Nävi Mumbai, India

P3 Dielectric Characterisation of Zeolite Solutions 423 R. Schertlen, W. Wiesbeck; Karlsruhe, Germany

P4 Modeling Maxwell-Wagner and Diffuse Double Layer Polarisation 430 in Low Frequecy Impedance Spectra of Clay Suspensions L. Dudley, St. Bialkowski andD. Or; Utah, USA

P5 A Model for Calculation of Dielectric Permittivity of Moist Sandy- 438 Clayey Soils S. V. Druchinin; Moscow, Russia

P6 Microwave Method for Determination of Water Content in a Substance 446 Independent from its Dielectric Permittivity A.S.Sovlukov; Moscow, Russia

P7 Characterisation of Ions Relevant to Concrete 454 B. Jannsen, A.F. Jacob, A. Ataeva; Braunschweig, Germany

XI

P8 A Fundamental Study on Microstrip Sensor for Measuring Sand Water 462 and Ion Conductivity Z. Ma, S. Okamura, T. Kawasaki; Hamamatsu, Japan

P9 The MOIST-System - a Modular Unit Construction Set 468 for Microwave Moisture Measurement A. Göller; Leipzig, Germany

P10 Application of TDR to Determine Water Content and Electrical 469 Conductivity of Capillary Porous Media Rudolf Plagge; Dresden, Gemany; MarekA. Malicki; Lublin, Poland

PI 1 Inversion of Measured Dielectric Properties of Diesel-Contaminated 477 Sands and Modelling of GPR-Measurements on Contaminated Sites J. Schmalholz, H. R. Anschütz, J. S. Igel, C. Hübner, H. Wilhelm; Karlsruhe, Germany

P12 Methods for Determining Soil Moisture with the Ground Penetrating Radar 484 J.S. Igel; H.R. Anschütz; J. Schmalholz; H. Wilhelm; W. Breh; H. Hötzel; C. Hübner; Karlsruhe, Germany

P13 Design of Test Bed for Standard Radar Image 492 Kwang-Chul Choi, Song-Hoon Paik, Young-Sug Kuang; Whaam-dong, Yusung-gu, Daejon, Korea

P14 Development and Application ofa Portable NMR-Moisture Measuring 500 System in One-Sided Access Technique B. Wolter; Saarbrücken, Germany

PI5 Improved Process Control Using a Microwave Moisture Analyser 508 U. Sengutta; Kamp-Lintfort, Germany

P16 Influence of Some Electromagnetic Parameters of Microwave Field 509 on Grain Drying Process Janos Beke, Szent Istvan; Godollo; Ferenc Volgyi, Budapest, Hungary

Summary

Material Properties, Measuring Methods, Applications 517 K. Kupfer; Weimar, Germany

Author Index 528

Exhibition 533

XII