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FourthNa*onalClimateAssessment,VolII—Impacts,Risks,andAdapta*onintheUnitedStatesnca2018.globalchange.gov 1
FourthNa*onalClimateAssessment,VolII—Impacts,Risks,andAdapta*onintheUnitedStates
KylePowysWhyte(Potawatomi)
MichiganStateUniversity
Chapter15|TribesandIndigenousPeoples
FourthNa*onalClimateAssessment,VolII—Impacts,Risks,andAdapta*onintheUnitedStatesnca2018.globalchange.gov 2
Key Message #1 15
Ch.15|TribesandIndigenousPeoples
ClimatechangethreatensIndigenouspeoples’livelihoodsandeconomies,includingagriculture,hun*ngandgathering,fishing,forestry,energy,recrea*on,andtourismenterprises.Indigenouspeoples’economiesrelyon,butfaceins*tu*onalbarriersto,theirself-determinedmanagementofwater,land,othernaturalresources,andinfrastructurethatwillbeimpactedincreasinglybychangesinclimate.
IndigenousLivelihoodsandEconomiesatRisk
FourthNa*onalClimateAssessment,VolII—Impacts,Risks,andAdapta*onintheUnitedStatesnca2018.globalchange.gov 3
Key Message #2 15
Ch.15|TribesandIndigenousPeoples
Indigenoushealthisbasedoninterconnectedsocialandecologicalsystemsthatarebeingdisruptedbyachangingclimate.Asthesechangescon*nue,thehealthofindividualsandcommuni*eswillbeuniquelychallengedbyclimateimpactstolands,waters,foods,andotherplantandanimalspecies.Theseimpactsthreatensites,prac*ces,andrela*onshipswithcultural,spiritual,orceremonialimportancethatarefounda*onaltoIndigenouspeoples’culturalheritages,iden**es,andphysicalandmentalhealth.
Physical,Mental,andIndigenousValues-BasedHealthatRisk
FourthNa*onalClimateAssessment,VolII—Impacts,Risks,andAdapta*onintheUnitedStatesnca2018.globalchange.gov 4
Key Message #3 15
Ch.15|TribesandIndigenousPeoples
ManyIndigenouspeopleshavebeenproac*velyiden*fyingandaddressingclimateimpacts;however,ins*tu*onalbarriersexistintheUnitedStatesthatseverelylimittheiradap*vecapaci*es.Thesebarriersincludelimitedaccesstotradi*onalterritoryandresourcesandthelimita*onsofexis*ngpolicies,programs,andfundingmechanismsinaccoun*ngfortheuniquecondi*onsofIndigenouscommuni*es.Successfuladapta*oninIndigenouscontextsreliesonuseofIndigenousknowledge,resilientandrobustsocialsystemsandprotocols,acommitmenttoprinciplesofself-determina*on,andproac*veeffortsonthepartoffederal,state,andlocalgovernmentstoalleviateins*tu*onalbarriers.
Adapta*on,DisasterManagement,Displacement,andCommunity-LedReloca*ons
FourthNa*onalClimateAssessment,VolII—Impacts,Risks,andAdapta*onintheUnitedStatesnca2018.globalchange.gov 5
Fig.15.1:IndigenousPeoples’ClimateIni*a*vesandPlansManyIndigenouspeoplesaretakingstepstoadapttoclimatechangeimpacts.Searchtheonlineversionofthismapbyac*vitytype,region,andsectortofindmoreinforma*onandlinkstoeachproject:h\ps://biamaps.doi.gov/nca/.Toprovidefeedbackandaddnewprojectsforinclusioninthedatabase,see:h\ps://www.bia.gov/bia/ots/tribal-resilience-program/nca/.Thusfar,tribalen**esintheNorthwesthavethehighestconcentra*onofclimateac*vi*es(Ch.24:Northwest).Forothercasestudiesoftribaladapta*onac*vi*es,seeboththeIns*tuteforTribalEnvironmentalProfessionals’TribalProfiles,1andTribalCaseStudieswithintheU.S.ClimateResilienceToolkit.2,3Source:BureauofIndianAffairs.
Ch.15|TribesandIndigenousPeoples
FourthNa*onalClimateAssessment,VolII—Impacts,Risks,andAdapta*onintheUnitedStatesnca2018.globalchange.gov 6
Fig.15.2:InfrastructureandEconomicVulnerabili*esCommuni*es’economicpoten*alandlivelihoodsrelyoninfrastructureandtheessen*alservicesitdelivers,andmanytribesandIndigenouscommuni*esalreadyfaceacuteinfrastructurechallengesthatmakethemhighlyvulnerabletoclimateimpacts.22Indigenouspeoplesalongthecoastsandintheislands,theSouthwest,andAlaskahaveexperiencedthemostextensiveinfrastructure-relatedimpactsthusfar(Ch.8:Coastal;Ch.20:U.S.Caribbean;Ch.25:Southwest;Ch.26:Alaska;Ch.27:Hawai‘i&PacificIslands).Source:USGCRP.
Ch.15|TribesandIndigenousPeoples
FourthNa*onalClimateAssessment,VolII—Impacts,Risks,andAdapta*onintheUnitedStatesnca2018.globalchange.gov 7
Fig.15.3:IsledeJeanCharles,LA,andKivalina,AKThesephotosshowaerialviewsof(led)IsledeJeanCharles,Louisiana,and(right)Kivalina,Alaska.Asprojec*onsofsealevelriseandcoastalinunda*onarerealized,manyimpactedcommuni*esareconfron*ngpoli*cal,ecological,andexisten*alques*onsabouthowtoadapt.Photocredits:(le;)RonaldS=ne;(right)ShoreZone(CCBY3.0).
Ch.15|TribesandIndigenousPeoples
FourthNa*onalClimateAssessment,VolII—Impacts,Risks,andAdapta*onintheUnitedStatesnca2018.globalchange.gov 8
Fig.15.4:CommunityPlanningSometribalcommuni*esatriskofdisplacementfromclimatechangeareac*velyplanningwhole-communityreloca*onstrategies.Aspartoftherese\lementofthetribalcommunityofIsledeJeanCharles,residentsareworkingwiththeLowlanderCenter(alocal,nongovernmentalorganiza*on),theStateofLouisiana,andotherstofinalizeaplanthatreflectsthephysical,sociocultural,andeconomicneedsofthecommunity.Photocredit:LouisianaOfficeofCommunityDevelopment.
Ch.15|TribesandIndigenousPeoples
FourthNa*onalClimateAssessment,VolII—Impacts,Risks,andAdapta*onintheUnitedStatesnca2018.globalchange.gov 9
Chapter Author Team 15
Ch.15|TribesandIndigenousPeoples
FederalCoordina*ngLeadAuthorRachaelNovak,U.S.DepartmentoftheInterior,BureauofIndianAffairs
ChapterLeadLesleyJantarasami,OregonDepartmentofEnergy
ChapterAuthorsRobertoDelgado,Na=onalIns=tutesofHealth
ElizabethMarino,OregonStateUniversity–Cascades
ShannonMcNeeley,NorthCentralClimateAdapta=onScienceCenterand
ColoradoStateUniversityChrisNarducci,U.S.DepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopment
JulieRaymond-Yakoubian,Kawerak,Inc.LoreYaSingletary,UniversityofNevada,Reno
KylePowysWhyte,MichiganStateUniversity
ReviewEditorKarenCozzeYo,NorthernArizonaUniversity
FourthNa*onalClimateAssessment,VolII—Impacts,Risks,andAdapta*onintheUnitedStatesnca2018.globalchange.gov 10
Acknowledgments 15
Ch.15|TribesandIndigenousPeoples
USGCRPCoordinatorsSusanAragon-Long,SeniorScien=stAllyzaLus*g,ProgramCoordinator
FourthNa*onalClimateAssessment,VolII—Impacts,Risks,andAdapta*onintheUnitedStatesnca2018.globalchange.gov 11
Recommendedchaptercita*on
Readthefullchapter
nca2018.globalchange.gov
Jantarasami,L.C.,R.Novak,R.Delgado,E.Marino,S.McNeeley,C.Narducci,J.Raymond-Yakoubian,L.Singletary,andK.PowysWhyte,2018:TribesandIndigenousPeoples.InImpacts,Risks,andAdapta=onintheUnitedStates:FourthNa=onalClimateAssessment,VolumeII[Reidmiller,D.R.,C.W.Avery,D.R.Easterling,K.E.Kunkel,K.L.M.Lewis,T.K.Maycock,andB.C.Stewart(eds.)].U.S.GlobalChangeResearchProgram,Washington,DC,USA.doi:10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH15
h\ps://nca2018.globalchange.gov/chapter/tribes