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uhrpfs; - 12

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el;rj;jpuq;fs; - 27

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tpUr;rpfk; tprhfk; 4k; ghjk; mD\k; Nfl;il

xi

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NfJ - it^u;ak;

xii

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fpufq;fspd; thfdq;fs; #upad; - kapy;>Nju; re;jpud; - Kj;J> tpkhdk; nrt;tha; - md;dk; nrk;Nghj;J>Nrty; Gjd; - Fjpiu> eup FU - ahid Rf;ud; - fUld;> Fjpiu> khL> tpkhdk; rdp - fhf;if> vUik uhF - ML NfJ - rpk;kk;

fpuf kiwT ];jhdq;fs;

#upad;> nrt;tha;> rdp> uhF> NfJ – yf;dj;Jf;F 8> 12y; ,Ue;jhy; kiwT.

re;jpud;> Gjd;> FU – yf;dj;Jf;F 3>6>8>12y; ,Ue;jhy; kiwT

fpufq;fs; uhrpapy; rQ;rupf;Fk; fhy msTfs;

#upad; xt;nthU uhrpapYk; 1 khjk; rQ;rupg;ghd;.

re;jpud; xt;nthU uhrpapYk; 2 ¼ ehs; rQ;rupg;ghd;.

nrt;tha; xt;nthU uhrpapYk; 1 ½ khjq;fs; rQ;rupg;ghd;

xiii

Gjd; xt;nthU uhrpapYk; 1 khjk; rQ;rupg;ghd;. FU xt;nthU uhrpapYk; 1 tUlk; rQ;rupg;ghd;.

rdp xt;nthU uhrpapYk; 2 ½ tUlq;fs; rQ;rupg;ghd;.

uhF xt;nthU uhrpapYk; 1 ½ tUlq;fs; rQ;rupg;ghd;.

NfJ xt;nthU uhrpapYk; 1 ½ tUlq;fs; rQ;rupg;ghd;. Rf;ud; xt;nthU uhrpapYk; 1 khjk; rQ;rupg;ghd;. (tf;uk;> mjprhuk;> ];jk;gdk; fhuzkhf uhrpapy; rQ;rhu

fhy msTfs; khWk;)

fpufq;fspd; Ml;rp> cr;rk;> ePrk;> %yjpupNfhzk;

fpufk; Ml;rp cr;rk; ePrk; %yjpupNfhz

k; #upad; rpk;kk; Nk\k; Jyhk; rpk;kk; re;jpud; flfk; up\gk; tpUr;rpf

k; up\gk;

nrt;tha;

Nklk; tpUr;rpfk;

kfuk; flfk; Nk\k;

Gjd; kpJdk; fd;dp

fd;dp kPdk; fd;dp

FU jDR kPdk;

flfk; kfuk; jDR

Rf;ud; up\gk; Jyhk;

kPdk; fd;dp Jyhk;

rdp kfuk; Fk;gk;

Jyhk; Nk\k; Fk;gk;

uhF fd;dp up\gk; tpUr;rpfk;

upgk;

NfJ kPdk; tpUr;rpfk;

up\gk; tpUr;rpfk;

fpufq;fspd; el;G tPLfs;

xiv

#upad; - tpUr;rpfk;> jDR> flfk;> kPdk; re;jpud; - kpJdk;> rpk;kk;> fd;dp nrt;tha; - rpk;kk;> jDR> kPdk; Gjd; - up\gk;> rpk;kk;> Jyhk; FU - Nk\k;> rpk;kk;> fd;dp> tpUr;rpfk; Rf;ud; - kpJdk;> jDR> kfuk;> Fk;gk; rdp - up\gk;> kpJdk; uhF>NfJ - kpJdk;>fd;dp>Jyhk;>jDR>kfuk;>kPdk;

fpufq;fspd; gif tPLfs;

#upad; - up\gk;> kfuk;> Fk;gk; nrt;tha; - kpJdk;> fd;dp Gjd; - flfk;> tpUr;rpfk; FU - up\gk;> kpJdk;> Jyhk; Rf;ud; - flfk;> rpk;kk;> jDR rdp - flfk;> rpk;kk;> tpUr;rpfk; uhF>NfJ - flfk;> rpk;kk; re;jpud; - vy;yh tPLfSk; el;G (gif fpilahJ)

fpufq;fspd; ghu;it

vy;yh fpufq;fSk; jhd; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpypUe;J 7 tJ tPl;ilg; ghu;g;ghu;fs;. nrt;tha;> jhd; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpypUe;J 4>7>8 Mk; tPLfisg; ghu;f;Fk; jd;ik cz;L. (4ck;> 8ck; tpNr\g; ghu;it) FU> jhd; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpypUe;J 5>7>9Mk; tPLfisg; ghu;g;ghu; (5ck;>9ck; tpNr\g; ghu;it) rdp> jhd; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpypUe;J3>7>10 Mfpa tPLfisg; ghu;g;ghu;fs;. (3k;>10k; tpNr\g; ghu;it)

fpufq;fspd; khu;;f;fk; #upad;> re;jpud;> nrt;tha;> FU> rdp> Gjd;> Rf;ud; Mfpa 7fpufq;fSk; uhrpiag; gpuj~pzkhfr; Rw;wp

tUthu;fs;. (Clockwise)

xv

uhFTk;> NfJTk; vjpu;g;Gwkhfr; rQ;rhuk; nra;thu;fs;

(Anti – Clockwise)

mLj;j uhrpfspd; ghu;it fpufq;fs; xU ,uhrpapy; rQ;rupj;jgpd; mLj;j uhrpf;F khWthu;fs;. mg;gb khWKd; mLj;j uhrpf;Fupa gyidr; rhjfu;fSf;Ff; nfhLj;fj; njhlq;Ftu;. #upad; - 5 ehl;fSf;F Kd;Gk;> Gjd;>Rf;fpud; - 7 ehl;fSf;F Kd;Gk; nrt;tha; - 8 ehl;fSf;F Kd;Gk; FU - 2 khjq;fSf;F Kd;Gk; uhF>NfJ - 3 khjq;fSf;F Kd;Gk; rdp - 6 khjq;fSf;F Kd;Gk; gyd; nfhLf;fj; njhlq;Ftu;.

Gj;jp> me;juk;

rhjfUf;F xU jir elf;Fk; NghJ xd;gJ fpufq;fSk; jdpj;jdpahfg; gyd; jUthu;fs;. ,ijf; fpufq;fspd; jir> Gj;jp tpguk; vd;ghu;fs;.

jir jir vd;gJ kdpjdpd; tho;ehspy; fpufq;fs; Ml;rp nrYj;Jk; fhy msthFk;. jPu;f;fhAs; cila xUtu; 120 tUlq;fs; tho;thndd;W Nrhjpl E}y;fSk;> Ntjq;fSk; $Wfpd;wd. ,e;j 120 tUl tho;tpy; xd;gJ fpufq;fSk; tupirf; fpukkhfg; gyd; nfhLf;Fk;. ,Ue;jNghJk; ,f;fpufq;fs; Nrhjpl tpjpfSf;Nfw;gNt fhy msitf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

fpufq;fs; Ml;rp nrYj;Jk; fhy msT

fpufk; tUlq;fs;

1 NfJ 07

2 Rf;fpud; 20

3 #upad; 06

4 re;jpud; 10

5 nrt;tha; 07

xvi

6 uhF 18

7 FU 16 8 rdp 19 9 Gjd; 17

Kjy; jir [hjfDila gpwe;j el;rj;jpuj;ij itj;J Kjy; jir fzf;fplg;gLk;. xUtu; jpUNfhz el;rj;jpuj;jpy; gpwe;jhy; re;jpu jir Muk;gkhFk;. mJ Nghy Mapypa el;rj;jpuj;jpy; gpwe;jhy; Gjd; jir Muk;gkhFk;. mjd; gpd;NkYs;s tupirg;gb jir njhlq;Fk;. jpUNfhzj;jpy; gpwe;jtUf;F re;jpu jir Kbar; nrt;tha; jir Muk;gkhFk;. mjd;gpd; uhF jir Muk;gkhFk;. gpd; tupirf;fpukg;gb nry;Yk;.

jiria mwpAk; tpjk;

27 el;rj;jpuq;fisAk; Nrhjpl E}yhrpupau;fs; xd;gJ gpupTf;Fs;mjhtJ xd;gJfpufq;fSf;Fs; mlf;fpAs;sdu;. ,J tupirf;fpukg;gb gpupj;jjy;y. tupirahf xd;gJ fpuq;fSf;Fk; el;rj;jpuq;fisf; nfhLj;Jg; gpd; gj;jhtJ el;rj;jpuj;ij KjyhtJ fpufj;jpw;Ff; nfhLj;Js;sdu;.

mjd; tpguk; ,J:

el;rj;jpuq;fs; jir 1 mr;Rtpdp>kfk;> %yk; NfJ 2 guzp>G+uk;>G+uhlk;> Rf;fpud; 3 fhu;j;jpif>cj;jpuk;>cj;juhlk; #upad; 4 Nuhfpdp>mj;jk;>jpUNthzk; re;jpud;

5 kpUfrPuplk;>rpj;jpiu>mtpl;lk; nrt;tha;

6 jpUthjpiu>Rthjp>rjak; uhF

7 Gdu;G+rk;>tprhfk;>G+ul;lhjp> FU

8 G+rk;>mDrk;>cj;jul;lhjp> rdp

9 Mapypak;>Nfl;il>Nutjp Gjd;

xvii

mr;Rtpdp>kfk;>%yk;> Mfpa el;rj;jpuq;fspy; gpwe;j rhjfUf;F NfJ jir Muk;gkhfpwJ. ,t;tpjk; mLj;jjLj;j el;rj;jpuf;$l;lq;fspy; gpwe;jtu;fSf;F me;j el;rj;jpuf; $l;lj;jpw;Fupa fpufj;jpd; jir Muk;gkhFk;. ,j;jir Muk;gkhdhy; mj;jirf;Fupa KOf;fhyj;jpw;Fk; ,Uf;fkhl;lhJ. jpUNfhzj;jpy; gpwe;j xUtu; re;jpu jirapy; cs;s gj;J tUlq;fisAk; mDgtpf;f KbahJ. Vnddpy; jpUNfhz el;rj;jpuj;jpy; gpwg;gtu; me;j el;rj;jpuk; Muk;gkhd Kjy; tpehbapNyNa gpwe;jhy; jhd; KOg;gyidAk; mDgtpg;ghu;. ,J ngUk;ghYk; eilngWtJ ,y;iy. el;rj;jpuk; Muk;gkhd gpd; 60 ehopiffs; cs;s ehspy; 30 ehopif fopj;Jg; gpwe;jhy; mtdJ jirf;fhyk; miuthrp FiwtilAk;. ,jd;gb mtd; re;jpu jiria Ie;J tUlq;fNs mDgtpg;ghd;. mjd; gpd; nrt;tha; jirAk;> mjd; gpd; uhF jiriaAk; mDgtpg;ghd;. ,jw;F [dd fhy jrhNr\k; vd;W ngau;. jiriaf; fzpf;Fk; NghJ rhjfupd; rhjfj;ijg; ghu;j;J re;jpu kfhjirapy; nfu;g;g fhyk; ePq;fp ,Ug;Gf; fhyk; gw;wp mwpe;j gpd;Ng fzpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 1949 Mk; Mz;L gq;Fdp khjk; 25 Mk; jpfjp ,uT 12 kzp 18 epkplj;jpy; gpwe;j xUtupd; Gj;jp tpguk;. ,tu; ,uT 12kzp 18 epkplj;jpy; jpUNthz el;rj;jpuk; 2 Mk; ghjj;jpy; gpwe;jhy; rj;jpu jpirapy; gpwe;Js;shu;. mjpy; fu;g;gfhy ,Ug;G ePf;fp ,Ug;G 5 tUlq;fs; 2 khjq;fs; 22 ehl;fs;. ,tuJ jir Gj;jp gpd;tUkhW. re;jpu jir 5 .2 22 nrt;tha; jir 7. 0 00 uhF jir 18. 0. 00

FU jir 16. 0. 00

rdp jir 19. 0. 00

65 . 2. 22

xviii

,r;rhjfUf;F 46 tajpy; ,Ue;J 65 taJ tiu rdp jir

eilngWfpwJ. mjd; tpguk; Kd; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. 25.03.1949 – 14.06.2014 rdp jirapd; gpd; 17 tUlq;fs; Gjd; jir eilngWk;. mjd; tpguk;> ,J

Gjd; jir 65.02.22 Gjd; jir KbT 17.00.00 82.02.22

17.06.2031 Mk; Mz;L tiu Gjd; jir eilngWk;. ,e;jg; gjpNdhO tUlq;fSk; gpd;tUkhW mikAk;.

Gjd; jir Gj;jp tpguk; tUlk; khjk; ehs; Gjd; Gj;jp 02. 04 27 NfJ Gj;jp - 11 27 Rf;fpu Gj;jp 02 10 00 #upa Gj;jp - 10 06 re;jpu Gj;jp 01 05 - nrt;tha; Gj;jp 11 27 uhF Gj;jp 02 06 18 FU Gj;jp 02 03 06 rdp Gj;jp 02 08 09 17 00 00

,g; Gj;jpapy; eilngWk; gyd;fis jrh Gj;jpg; gyd; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;l ,lj;jpy; mwpe;J nfhs;sTk; 1949 Mk; Mz;L gq;Fdp khjk; 25 Mk; jpfjp ,uT 12 kzp 18 epkplj;jpy; jpUNthz el;rj;jpuk; 2Mk; ghjj;jpy; gpwe;jtuJ rhjfk; ,J.

xix

Gj;jp Gj;jp vd;gJ jirapd; xU ghfk;. xU jirf;Fs; kw;iwa fpufq;fs; tupirahf te;J rhjfUf;Fg; gyd; nfhLf;Fk; fhyk; Gj;jp vdg;gLk;. jirve;jf; fpufj;jpw;F cupaNjh mjd; Gj;jp Kjypy; Muk;gkhFk;. cjhuzkhf #upa jirapd; gpwe;jtu;fSf;F Kjypy; #upaGj;jp Muk;gkhfpg; gpd; re;jpuGj;jp nrt;tha; Gj;jp vd Muk;gpj;Jr; Rf;fpu Gj;jpAld; KbtilAk;. ,JNghyNt kw;iwa fpufq;fspd; jirfspd; Gj;jpfs; eilngWk;. jirAk; Gj;jpAk;> NfJ> Rf;fpud;> #upad;> re;jpud;> nrt;tha;> uhF> FU> rdp> Gjd; vd;w Kiwapy; tupirahf tUk;. Gj;jpapd; gyd; xU jirapy; rhjfDf;Ff; nfLjyhd gyd;kl;Lk; eilngwhJ. mJ Nghy ed;ikahd gyd; kl;Lk; elthJ. ,uz;Lk; fye;Nj eilngWk;. cjhuzkhfr; rdpjir>eilngWk; 19

Gjd; #upa Rf;>nr

uhF

6

7

8

rdp

10

NfJ

12

yf;

re; tpah

3

fpuf epiy

10

uhF

re; rdp

yf;

2

Gjd; Rf;

4

#upad; nrt; NfJ

6

7

8

tp

ethk;r epiy

xx

tUlq;fSk; ed;ikAk; elf;Fk; jPikAk; elf;Fk;. mJ mtutu; rhjfj;ijg; nghWj;jJ. mj;Jld; Gj;jpfisAk; nghWj;jJ> rdp jirapy; FUGj;jp 2 tUlq;fs; 6 khjq;fs; 12 ehl;fs; eilngWk;. ,f;fhyj;jpy; rhjfUf;F ey;y gyd;fs; gyTk; eilngWk;. mLj;J rdp jirapy; uhF Gj;jp elf;Fk;. 2 tUlq;fs; 10 khjq;fs; 06 ehl;fSk; ngUk;ghYk; jPa gyd;fNs eilngWk;. ,jdhy; rhjfu; rdp jirapy; cs;s 19 tUlq;fSk; jPagyd;fs; jhd; eilngWk; vd vz;zf;$lhJ.

jrh Gj;jpg; gyd;fs;

#upa jir 06 tUlq;fs; 1) #upa Gj;jp 3 khjk; 18 ehl;fs; ge;Jf;fshy; jPik> fyfk;> fu;gehrk;> kdr;rQ;ryk;>

nfhLf;fy;thq;fypy; gpzf;F kidtp gps;isfspdhy; Jauk;> miyr;ry;> Ntiyj;jsj;jpy; Kuz;ghL> njhopypy; el;lk;.

2) re;jpuGj;jp 6 khjq;fs;

njhopyhy; mjpf tUkhdk;> kfpo;r;rp> FLk;gj;jpy; FJ}fyk;> murkjpg;G> ngz;fspd; cwthy; Jauk;> fz;Neha;

3) nrt;tha;Gj;jp 4 khjk; 06 ehl;fs; Nehahy; mjpf nryT> vjpupfshy; njhy;iy> njhopyhy; el;lk;> thfdk;> jPahy; jPq;F> ez;gu; tpNuhjk;> FLk;gj;jpy; fyfk;> Nkyjpfhupfs; gif.

4) uhFGj;jp 10 khjk; 24 ehl;fs; fld;njhy;iy> $l;Lj;njhopy; ehrk;> FLk;g tpNuhjk;> vjpupfshy; Jd;gk;> ey;y cwTfs; ePq;fy;> MAj gak;> rNfhjuu;fshy; njhy;iy> FLk;gg; gpupT

xxi

5) FUGj;jp 9 khjk; 18 ehl;fs;

fy;tpapy; cau;r;rp> ez;gu;fshy; cjtp> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp> gztuT> rj;JU [ak;> cwtpdu;fshy; cjtp> fhupahD$yk;.

6) rdpGj;jp 11 khjk; 12 ehl;fs; gytopfshYk; Jd;gk;> vjpupfspd; njhy;iy mjpfupg;G> Gj;jpuuhy; Jd;gk;> FLk;gg; gpupT> tp\gak;> Neha; mjpfupj;jy;> jdpikg;gly;> ntWg;G.

7) Gjd; Gj;jp 11 khjk; 06 ehl;fs; ,lkhw;wk;> Rw;wj;jtu; gif> FLk;gj;jpy; fyfk;> epk;kjpf;FiwT> tPz;gop Nfl;ly;> epidj;jit epiwNtwhik. njhopypy; el;lk;> fld;gly;

8) NfJ Gj;jp 4 khjk; 06 ehl;fs; kwjp> ntWg;G> FLk;gg; gpupT> ,lu;jUk; ,lkhw;wk;> khdf;NfL> njhopyhy; el;lk;> Nkyjpfhupfspd; ntWg;Gf;Fs;shjy;> thf;F thjk;> kdKwpT.

9) Rf;fpu Gj;jp> xUtUlk;

kdJf;fpdpait elj;jy;> njhopypy; tpUj;jp> gzk; Nru;jy;> jpUkzk; eilngwy;> tPL fl;l fhzp thq;f KaYjy;> Neha; ePq;Fjy;> Rgfhupaq;fs; elj;jy;.

02 re;jpu jir 10 tUlq;fs; 1) re;jpuGj;jp 10 khjq;fs;

epidj;jit if$ly;> fhjy; fdpT> Gfo;> fPu;;j;jp> gzk; ngUfy;> njhopy; tpUj;jp> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp> cwtpdu; ez;gu; Nru;f;if> fy;tpapy; Nkd;ik> njhopypy; cau;T

xxii

2) nrt;tha; Gj;jp 7 khjk;

tPz; tpNuhjk;> Kuz;gly;> tof;Ffs; tUjy;> nghUs; ,og;G> Jl;l ngz;fspd; rfthrk;> njhopypy; el;lk;> NkNyhu; rPw;wk;.

3) uhFGj;jp 1 tUlk; 06 khjq;fs; nghUs; ,og;G> vjpupfshy; njhy;iy> Neha; mjpfupj;jy;> tPz; nryT> gzKil FLk;gj;jtuhy; nryT> ngupNahu; gif> kdf;Fog;gk;> gpbthjg; Nghf;F.

4) FUGj;jp> 1 tUlk; 04 khjq;fs; vjpupfs; trg;gLjy;> nghd; nghUs; Nru;f;if> fhzp G+kpthq;Fjy;> tpahghuj;jpy; ngUk; ,yhgk;> ngupNahupd; cjtp. FLk;g kfpo;r;rp> gjtp cau;T

5) rdp Gj;jp 1 tUlk; 7 khjk;

Neha;fs; mjpfupg;G> tPz; nryT> nghUs; ,og;G> vjpupfshy; njhy;iy> njhopypy; el;lk;> J}uNjrg; gazk;> tPz;gop Nfl;ly;> mtjhdf; FiwT.

6) Gjd; Gj;jp 1 tUlk; 5 khjk;

FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp> ,drdq;fshy;> Gj;jpuu;fshy; kfpo;r;rp> cjtp> epidj;jit eilngwy;> njhopy; tpUj;jp> ngupatu;fshy; ghuhl;L> Gfo;> nfsutk; cau;jy;.

7) NfJ Gj;jp 07 khjk; thfd tpgj;J> mf;fpdp gPil> Neha;fs; mjpfupg;G> ez;guhy; NfL> mur jz;lid ngwy;> njhopy; ,og;G> Gfo; ehrk;> nfsutk; ghjpg;G.

8) Rf;fpuGj;jp 1 tUlk; 08 khjq;fs;

xxiii

Nehapd; jhf;fk; mjpfupj;jy;> ez;gu; gif> njhopypy; el;lk;> tpUg;gkpy;yhj ,lkhw;wk;> FLk;gj;jpy; tpNuhjk;> rNfhju topahy; nryT

9) #upa Gj;jp 06 khjq;fs; ,dk; njupahj Neha; tUj;jy;> mjpf Nfhgk;> fz;> fhJ> ,Ujaj;jpy; tpahjp cz;lhFjy;> kdf;Fog;gk;> ngw;Nwhu; gif> ngupatu;fspd; tpNuhjk;.

03) nrt;tha; jir 07 tUlq;fs; 1) nrt;tha; Gj;jp 4 khjk; 27 ehs;

mbikg;gly;> tpyq;Ffshy; Mgj;J cz;lhjy;> mur gak;> tpahjp> FLk;gg; gpur;rpidfshy; epk;kjp ,og;G> giftupd; ntWg;G mjpfupj;jy;> MAjj;jpdhy; fhak;> tof;F cz;lhjy; vd;gd eilngWk;.

2) uhFGj;jp 1 tUlk; 18 ehs;

tp\gak;> cwtpdu;fshy; njhy;iyfs;> gif cz;lhFjy;> ez;gu; tpNuhjk;> njhopypy; ghjpg;G> ,lkhw;wk;> Njhy; tpahjpfshy; mtjp> tho;f;ifapy; ntWg;G cz;lhFjy;> kjpg;ig ,oj;jy; Mfpad eilngWk;.

3) FUGj;jp 11 khjk; 6 ehs;

tuTf;F kPwpa nryT> nfhLf;fy; thq;fypy; nghUs; ,og;G> Vkhw;wk;> tof;Fz;lhjy;> njhopypy; gpur;rpidfs; cUthFjy;> gpw;gFjpapy; njhopyhy; nry;tk; NrUk; vd;gd eilngWk;.

4) rdp Gj;jp 1 tUlk; 1 khjk; 9 ehs; tPz; tpNuhjq;fshy; Njitaw;w rz;il> khd ,og;G>

Neha;f;fhd nryTfs; mjpfupg;G> FLk;gf; fyfk;> FLk;gg; gpupT>

xxiv

gps;isfshy; njhy;iy. tof;F> kdf;fpNyrk; vd;gd

cz;lhFk;.

5) Gjd;Gj;jp 11 khjk; 27 ehs;

nry;tk; ngUfy;> njhopypy; ngUk; cau;T> cau; gjtp ngWjy;> mofpa ngz;fspd; cwT Vw;gly;> Neha; ePf;fk;> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;T> Mguzr;Nru;f;if vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

6) NfJ Gj;jp 4 khjk; 27 ehs; ngz;fshy; Jd;gk;> FLk;gj;jpy; Fog;gk;> Neha; mjpfupg;G> tuTf;F kPwpa nryT> ngw;Nwhu; topahy; nghUs; nryT> vjpupfshy; Jd;gk; cz;lhFjy; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

7) Rf;fpuGj;jp 1 tUlk; 2 khjq;fs; epidj;jit ahTk; eilngWjy;> nghUl;fs; Nru;jy;> ngz;fshy; ngUk; cjtpfs; fpilj;jy;> nja;t mDf;fpufk;> ngupNahu;fspd; cjtp> thfdr; Nru;fif> gif tpyfy; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

8) #upaGj;jp> 4 khjk; 6 ehs;

Neha;fs; mjpfupg;G> kdjpy; Jf;fk; ngUFjy;> gpuahzq;fspd; NghJ nghUs; ,og;G> tpgj;Jf;fs; cz;lhjy;> gif mjpfupj;jy; Nghd;wd cz;lhFk;.

9) re;jpuGj;jp 7 khjq;fs; G+kp thq;Fjy;> G+kpahy; mjpf ,yhgk; ngwy;> Mguzq;fs; thq;Fjy;> tPL fl;Ljy;> kidtp fu;g;gkiljy;> Gjpa Kaw;rp Muk;gpj;jy;> jy ahj;jpiu nry;yy; vd;gd eilngWk;.

xxv

4 uhF jir 18 tUlq;fs;

1) uhF Gj;jp 2 tUlk; 8 khjk; 12 ehs;

Nkyjpfhupfs;> ngupatu;fSld; gif nfhs;sy;> nghUs; ,og;G>tp\j;jhy;gPil> FLk;gf; f\;lk;> gps;isfSf;F Neha; cz;lhjy;> tof;fhy; nryT> tPLkhWjy;> njhopy; ,oj;jy;> rz;ilfs; cz;lhjy; vd;gd eilngWk;.

2) FUGj;jp 2 tUlk; 4 khjk; 24 ehs;

gpur;rpidapy; ,Ue;J tpLgly;> gzKil jPu;j;jy;> ngupatu;fs; cjtp nra;jy;> Gfo; nfsutk;> tUkhdk; mjpfupj;jy; fhupak; if$Ljy; vd;gd eilngWk;.

3) rdpGj;jp 2 tUlk; 10 khjk; 6 ehs;

KbT ngwhj Jd;gk;> tof;F cz;lhjy;> FLk;gj;jpy; Fog;gk;>vjpupfshy; jPikfs;cz;lhjy;> ngupNahu;fisg; gifj;jy;> ,lkhw;wk; cz;lhjy;> Nehahy; nryT> gps;isfshy; njhy;iy vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

4) Gjd;Gj;jp> 2 tUlk; 6 khjk; 18 ehs; Nkd;ik> njhopy; tpUj;jp> Kaw;rpfs; gypj;jy;> tUkhdk; mjpfupj;jy;> nghUs;> fhzp G+kp Nru;jy;> kfg;NgW cz;lhjy;> vd;gtw;NwhL Nkyjpfhupfspd; ntWg;Gk; cz;lhFk;. mtjhdk; Njit.

5) NfJ Gj;jp 1 tUlk; 18 ehs;

czT xj;Jf;nfhs;shik> FLk;gj;jtu;fSf;F Neha; cz;lhFjy;> mjdhy; gzr;nryTk;> ngz;fshy; nghUs;

xxvi

,og;Gk;> nfsutf; FiwTk;> ,Ug;gpl khw;wKk; tpNuhjKk; cz;lhFk;.

6) Rf;fpuGj;jp 3 tUlk; nghd; nghUs; G+kp Nru;jYk;> myq;fhukhd kid mikj;jYk;> Mguzq;fs; thq;FjYk; ngupatu;fspd; cjtpAk;> epidj;j fhupar; rpj;jpAk;> kd kfpo;Tk; gps;isfshy; kfpo;r;rpAk; cz;lhFk;.

7) #upaGj;jp 10 khjk; 24 ehs; ez;gu;> ngupatu;fs;> FLk;gj;jpdUld; tpNuhjKk; kdf;Fog;gKk;> tho;tpy; tpuf;jpAk;> kidtpAld; tPz; rz;ilapLjYk;> mjdhy; gifAk; nfsutf; FiwTk;> nghUs; ,og;Gk; cz;lhFk;.

8) re;jpuGj;jp 1 tUlk; 6 khjk;

ngupatu;fspd; gifAk; ,drd ge;Jf;fspd; tpNuhjKk;> nghUs; ,og;Gk;> gps;isfshy; Jd;gKk;> Neha;fs; mjpfupj;jYk;> tprj;jhYk; tpgj;jhYk; Jd;gKk; Vw;gLk;.

9) nrt;tha; Gj;jp 1tUlk; 18 ehs;

nghUs; ,og;Gk;> ngupatu;fshy; Jd;gKk;> ngw;Nwhu; gps;isfshy; nryTk;> Mguzq;fs;> G+kp> thfdk; vd;gtw;iw tpw;fTk;> gpwuplk; msTf;fjpfkhd fld; ngWk; epiyAk; cz;lhFk;.

FU jir 16 tUlq;fs; 1) FUGj;jp 2 tUlk; 1 khjk; 18 ehs;

xxvii

cau;e;j gjtp fpilj;jy;> ngUk; nghUs; Nru;f;if> tptrha cw;gj;jp mjpfupg;G> ngz;fs; cjtp> fld; t#yhjy;> tof;Ffspy; ntw;wp> kjpg;G cauy;> mur cjtpfs; fpilj;jy; vd;gd eilngWk;

2) rdp Gj;jp 2 tUlk; 6 khjk; 18 ehs; thfdk;> G+kp> Mguzq;fs; nfhs;tdthy; ed;ik> Neha; ePf;fk;> ngz;fshy; Jd;gk;> FLk;gj;jpd; kPJ re;Njfk; nfhs;sy;> ,ilapilNa Jd;gq;fs; te;J ePq;FjYk; ,lk; ngWk;.

3) Gjd; Gj;jp 2 tUlk; 3 khjk; 6 ehs;

fiyQu;fSf;F kjpg;G>Gfo;> tUkhdk; mjpfupf;Fk;. nry;te;ju;fspd; njhlu;ghy; ed;ik cz;lhFjYk;> nghUs; Nru;f;ifAk;> ngz;fspd; Nru;f;ifahy; nghUs; tuTk; cz;lhFk;.

4) NfJ Gj;jp 11khjk; 6 ehs; kidtpapd; cly; eyk; ghjpf;fg;gLk;. mjdhy; nryTfs; cz;lhFk;. tUkhdf; FiwTk;> cw;whu; cwtpdu;fspd; njhy;iyfSk;> miyr;rYk;> ,lkhw;wq;fSk;> FLk;gf; f\;lq;fSk; cz;lhFk;.

5) Rf;fpuGj;jp 2 tUlk; 8 khjk;

cwtpdu; ez;gu;fspd; cjtpfs; fpilf;Fk;. G+kpahy; tUk; tUkhdk; mjpfupf;Fk;. nra;njhopy; tpUj;jpahFk;. Rgr; nryTfs; cz;lhFk;. nghd; nghUl;Nru;f;if> kdjpw;fpdpa rk;gtq;fs; gyTk; cz;lhFk;.

6) #upaGj;jp 9 khjk; 18 ehs;

xxviii

Muk;gj;jpy; njhopy; tpUj;jpAk;> epidj;j fhupak; if$LjYk; eilngWk;. gpw;gFjpapy; Vkhw;wk;> njhopy; f\;lk;> tUkhdf; FiwT Vw;gLk;. #upa Gj;jpapd; KbTg; gFjpapy; ,it ePq;fp ,d;gk; cz;lhFk;.

7) re;jpuGj;jp 1tUlk; 4 khjk;

nghd;> nghUs;> Mil Mguzr; Nru;f;if> kjpg;G> Gfo;> nfsutk; cau;jy;> myq;fhu kid mikj;jy;> epidj;jit epiwNtwy; Nghd;wd eilngWk;.

8) nrt;tha; Gj;jp 11 khjk; 4 ehs; gy;NtW tpjkhd Jd;gq;fs; tuy;> giftu;fshYk; jpUlu;fshYk; nghUs; e\;lk;. Neha; cz;lhFjy;> trjpaw;w ,lkhw;wk;> epidj;jit jilg;gly; vd;gd ,lk;ngWk;.

9) uhFGj;jp 2 tUlk; 4 khjk; 24 ehs; giftu;fshy; ngUe;njhy;iy. tof;Ffshy; mtkhdk;> nghUs; ,og;G> kidtpNahLk;> cwtpdNuhLk; tpNuhjk;> FLk;gj;jpy; f\;lk; vd;gd ,lk;ngWk;.

rdp jir 19 tUlq;fs;

1) rdpGj;jp 3 tUlq;fs; 2 ehs; Neha; mjpfupj;jy;> Rw;wj;jhu;> ez;gu; gifahjy;> gzj;jl;Lg;ghL>fhzp> Mguzq;fs; tpw;wy;> FLk;gj;jpy; fyfk; vd;gd ,lk;ngWk;

2) Gjd;Gj;jp 2 tUlk; 2 khjk; 9 ehs; nry;tk; NrUk;> fy;tp tpUj;jpahFk;> gjtp cau;T fpilf;Fk;. tPL fl;ly;> Mguzk; Nruy;> murhy; Gfo;> tUkhdk;> vd;gd fpl;Lk;.

3) NfJ Gj;jp 1 tUlk; 1 khjk; 9 ehs;

xxix

thjNuhfk; jhf;Fk;> Gj;jpuu;fshy; Jd;gKk; nghUs; ,og;Gk; cz;lhFk;. ez;gu; giftuhtu;> Ntz;lhj nray;fshy; Jd;gk; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

4) Rf;fpuGj;jp 3 tUlk; 2 khjk; tUkhdk; tUk; Kaw;rpfs; gypf;Fk;. ey;ytu;fspd; el;Gk;> jdte;ju;fspd; el;Gk;> jdte;ju;fspd; MjuTk; fpilf;Fk;. gps;isfshy; kfpo;r;rpAk;> cwtpdu;fshy; cjtpAk; fpilf;Fk;.


Neha; fhuzkhfg; gzr;nryT cz;lhFk;. tapW> fz;> fhJ> Neha;> tUk;. FLk;gj;jpdUf;F Neha; cz;lhFk;. mjdhy; nghUl; nryT Vw;gLk;.

6) re;jpuGj;jp 1 tUlk; 7 khjk; gpur;rpidfs;> rz;il rr;ruTfs; jdhfj; Njb tUk;. tof;fpy; nghUl;Nrjk; cz;lhFk;. jpUlu; gak; cz;L. Nru;j;J itj;j nghUl;fs; nrythFk;.

7) nrt;tha; Gj;jp 1tUlk; 1 khjk; 9 ehs;

epk;kjpapd;ikAk;>kdf;fpNyrKk; gifahy; cz;lhFk;. gyiuAk; giff;f Ntz;ba epiy cz;lhFk;. mtkhdk;> nghUl;nryT> Neha;fspd;jhf;fk;> gps;is fshy; Jd;gk; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

8) uhFGj;jp 2 tUlk; 10 khjk; 9 ehs; tp\gak;>Vkhw;wg;gLjy;> Neha;tha;g;gly;> gzf;f\;lk;> J}uNjr thrk;> cwtpduhy; njhy;iy> njhopypy; tUkhdkpd;ik vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

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9) FUGj;jp 2 tUlk; 6 khjk; 12 ehs; maytu;> ez;gu;fspd; cjtpfs; fpilf;Fk;. gjtp cau;T> Ntjd cau;T vd;gd cz;lhFk;. ePz;l ehs; fdT gypf;Fk;. mur cjtpfs; jhuhskhff; fpilf;Fk;> kjpg;G> Gfo;> tUkhdk; vd;gd mjpfupf;Fk;.

Gjd; jir 17 tUlq;fs; 1) Gjd;Gj;jp 2 tUlk; 4 khjk; 27 ehs;

ez;gu;> Rw;wk;> muR cjtpfs; fpilf;Fk;. epidj;jit epiwNtWk; nghd;> nghUs;> fhzp G+kp> gupRfs; NrUk;. KjyPLfs; mjpf yhgk; jUk;.

2) NfJGj;jp 11 khjk; 27 ehs;

,lkhw;wj;jhy; Jd;gk; NkypLk;. Neha;fs; mjpfupf;Fk;. fl;LkPwpa nryTfs; cz;lhFk;. gif tsUk;. tof;Ffs; Kuz;ghLfs; Vw;gl;L mtkhdk; cz;lhFk;.


gps;isfs;> Rw;wj;jtu;> ez;gu;fshy; ngUk; cjtpfs; fpilf;Fk;. Kaw;rp ngU ntw;wp jUk;. gpw ehl;L cjtpfs; fpilf;Fk;. Mil> Mguzk;> fhzp> G+kp vd;gd NrUk;. FLk;gj;jpy; kq;fyfukhd epfo;Tfs; eilngWk;.


mf;fpdp> tp\k;> thfdk; vd;gtw;why; jPik cz;lhFk;. Neha;> gif> Kuz;ghL vd;gtw;why; gzr;nryT cz;lhFk;. njhopypy; gpur;rpidfs; cz;lhFk;. Nkyjpfhupfspd; gif cz;lhFk;.

5) re;jpuGj;jp 1 tUlk; 5 khjk;

xxxi

thjNehAs;stu;fSf;F Neha; mjpfupf;Fk;. ngz;fshy; gpur;rpidfs; cz;lhFk;. mjd; fhuzkhfg; gif> tof;F> gzr;nryT vd;gd Vw;gLk;. G+kp rk;ge;jkhd tof;Ffs; Vw;gLk;. gif mjpfupf;Fk;.

6) nrt;tha; Gj;jp 11 khjk; 27 ehs;

md;dpauhy; Jd;gk;> giftupd; jhf;Fjy; mjpfupf;Fk;. c\;zNuhfq;fs; tUk;. gioa gif Jd;gj;ijf; nfhLf;Fk;. tPz; gpur;rpidfshy; njhy;iyAk; gzr; nryTk; cz;lhFk;.

7) uhFGj;jp 2 tUlk; 6 khjk; 18 ehs;

tPLkhWjy;> giftu;fshYk;> jPa ez;gu;fshYk; Jd;gk; cz;lhFk;. nghUs; ,og;G> ey;ytu; gifahjy;> NkNyhu;gif> ngw;whUld; tpNuhjk; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

8) FUGj;jp 2 tUlk; 3 khjq;fs;

kdkfpo;r;rpAk;> muru;fshy; kjpg;Gk;> ngupatu;fspd; cjtpAk; fpilf;Fk;. tPLfl;l> fhzp> Mguzk; thq;ff;$ba epiy cz;lhFk;. gps;isfshy; ed;ik cz;lhFk;.

9) rdp Gj;jp 2 tUlk; 8 khjk; 9 ehs;

nghUs; ehrk;> tpNuhjk;> gzf;f\;lk;> Neha;fshy; gzr;nryT>

fhzp> G+kp Mguzq;fis tpw;wy;> gif mjpfupj;jy;> njhopypy;

el;lk; vd;gd Vw;gLk;.

NfJ jir 07 tUlq;fs; 1) NfJ Gj;jp 4 khjk; 27 ehs;

FLk;gj;jtu;> ey;y ez;gu;fs;> Rw;wj;jtu;fisg; gifj;jy;> murhy; gak;> kuzgak;> Neha;fshy; nryT> njhopypy; el;lk;> fhzp G+kpahy; gpur;rpidfs; cz;lhFk;.

xxxii


FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp kf;fl;NgW> epidj;jit epiwNtwy;> njhopypy; mjpf tUkhdk;> nfsutk; Gfo; mjpfupj;jy; eilngWk;. NfJ Gj;jp> Kbtpy; FLk;gj;jpy; tpNuhjk; cz;lhFk;.


tPL> fhzp Mguzq;fis tpw;wy;> ,lk; khWjy;> jiyapy; Neha; cz;lhjy;> epk;kjpapd;ik> gif> tpNuhjk;> tof;F vd;gd cz;lhjy; eilngWk;.

4) re;jpuGj;jp 7 khjk;

ngz;fshy; jPik> gzr;nryT> Kuz;ghL vd;gd cz;lhFk;. gps;isfshy; njhy;iy> FLk;gj;jpy; fyfk; Nghd;wd mbf;fb epfOk; rj;jpuGj;jpapd; ,Wjpapy; ,it ePq;Fk;.

5) nrt;tha; Gj;jp 4 khjk; 27 ehs;

rz;ilf;Fr;nry;yy;> ez;gu;fs;>cwtpdu;>FLk;gj;jt Uld; tpNuhjk;> njhopypy; Kuz;ghL> Nkyjpfhupfs; gif> G+kpahy; gpur;rpidfs; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

6) uhFGj;jp 1 tUlk; 18 ehs; tp\gak;> ngz;fSf;F Neha;fspd; jhf;fk; mjpfupg;G> murhy; jPik> njhopypy; gpur;rpidfs;> tUkhdf; FiwT> nryT mjpfupg;G> ey;ytu;fspd; tpNuhjk;> FLk;gj;jpy; fyfk; vd;gd Vw;gLk;.

7) FUGj;jp 11 khjk; 6 ehs;

njhopyhy; tUkhdk; mjpfupg;G. gzr;Nru;f;if> mofhd kidtp mikjy;> Mil> Mguzq;fs;> nrhj;Jf;fs; Nruy;> ngupatu;fspd; Mrp fpilj;jy;> kjpg;G cauy; vd;gd ,lk;ngWk;.

xxxiii

8) rdpGj;jp 1 tUlk; 1 khjk; 9 ehs; gy;NtW tifapy; nghUs; nrythFk;. gz tplaj;jpy; Vkhw;wg;gLjy;> njhopypy; Kuz;ghL> ez;gu;fis tpNuhjpj;jy; ngz;fshy; Jd;gk;> Njhy; Neha;fs; Vw;gly; kdjpy; Fog;gk; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

9) Gjd;Gj;jp 11 khjk; 27 ehs;

Gj;jpuu;fshy; ftiy> cwtpdu; gif> nghUl;Nrjk;> Kaw;rpfs; gypahik> tPz; rz;ilfspy; <Lgly;> ngupNahiug; gifj;jy;> murhy; jPik vd;gd Vw;gLk;.

Rf;fpu jir 20 tUlq;fs;


nghd;> nghUs;> Mguzk;> fhzp> G+kpNru;jy;> fld; jPu;jy;> nry;tk; ngUfy;> Gjpa Kaw;rp Muk;gpj;jy;> murcjtp fpilj;jy;> epidj;jit ahTk; epiwNtwy; vd;gd eilngWk;. gpw;gFjpapy; Jd;gkhd rk;gtq;fs; elf;Fk;.

2) #upaGj;jp 1 tUlk;

Jd;gk;> gzf;f\;lk;> gif tsu;jy;> kidtp kf;fSld; Kuz;gly;> tPz; gifahy; tof;Fz;lhjy;> nja;t ek;gpf;if FiwT> NkyjpfhupAld; gif vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

3) re;jpuGj;jp 1 tUlk; 8 khjk; epidj;jit ahTk; epiwNtwy;> kidtp topahy; cjtp> ngupatu;fs;> ez;gu;fs;> murhy; cjtp>tpj;ij tpUj;jp> kdjpw;F ,dpa ,lkhw;wk; fpilj;jy;> gps;isfshy; kfpo;r;rp vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

4) nrt;tha; Gj;jp 1 tUlk; 2 khjk;

xxxiv

epidj;j nghUl;fs; thq;Fjy;> nja;t topghL mjpfupj;jy;> gif tpyfy; vd;gd cz;lhFk;. ,Ug;gpDk; ngz;fshy; nghUs; ,og;G> khdf;NfL> tPz; rz;il vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

5) uhFGj;jp> 3 tUlk;

tpuf;jpailjy;> FLk;gj;jpy; ntWg;G> gps;isfshy; Jd;gk;> ngw;NwhUf;F Neha; cz;lhjy;> kUj;Jtr; nryTcz;lhjy;> tp\gak;> J}uNjrk; nry;Yjy;> trjpapy;yhj ,lkhw;wk; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

6) FUGj;jp 2 tUlk; 8 khjk;

Nutjp> cj;jpu el;rj;jpuk; cs;s fhyq;fspy; Neha; Jd;gk; gzr; nryT vd;gd cz;lhFk;. njhopypy; cau;Tk;> tUkhd mjpfupg;Gk; Vw;gLk;. FLk;gj;jpdu;> maytu;> cwtpdu;> ngupatu;fs; cjtp nra;thu;fs;.

7) rdpGj;jp 3 tUlk; 2khjk;

,uj;jk; rk;ge;jkhd Neha;fspd; jhf;fk; mjpfupf;Fk;. nryT tUkhdj;ij tpl mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;. kdf;Fog;gk;> epk;kjpapd;ik>flTspy; gw;wpd;ik> tpuf;jp vd;gd Vw;gLk;

8) Gjd;Gj;jp 2 tUlk; 10 khjk; kidtpahy; ,d;gk;> kidtp topahy; nghUs; NrUk;. fiyQu;fs; ghuhl;Lg; ngWtu;. mur kjpg;Gk; fpilf;Fk;. ntsp ehl;by; trpg;Nghupd; cjtpAk;> ntspehLfSf;Fr; nry;Yk; epiyAk; cz;lhFk;.

9) NfJGj;jp 1 tUlk; 2 khjk;

xxxv

Jl;lu;fshy; Jd;gq;fs; gy tUk;. kidtpahYk; kidtp topahYk; Jd;gq;fs; cz;lhFk;. tp\gak; nghUs; ,og;G> nfsutk; mopjy;> murhy; Jd;gk; vd;gd ,lk;ngWk;.

];jhdg; gyd; yf;fpdk; Kjy; 12 ];jhdq;fspy; cs;s fpufq;fspd; gyd;.

1) yf;fdk; ,J [d;kk;> capu;> cly;> Njhw;wk; gw;wpaJ. 2) ,uz;lhkplk; thf;F];jhdk;. FLk;g Rfk;> fy;tp Nkd;ik>

nry;tk;> fz; ghu;it gw;wpaJ. 3) %d;whkplk;> rNfhju];jhdk;. Ngr;R ty;yik> Gfo;> nry;thf;F>

rNfhjuu; cjtp> Nahfk;> nry;tk; gw;wpaJ. 4) ehd;fhkplk; khj;U ];jhdk;> jhapd; Rf eyk;> tPL> fhzp> G+kp>

tpj;ij> tpahghuk; gw;wpaJ. 5) Ie;jhkplk; Gj;jpu ];jhdk;> re;jjp> Gfo;> nfsutk;> Nkw;gbg;G>

jha;top cwTfs; gw;wpaJ.

6) Mwhkplk; Nuhf ];jhdk;> giftu;> Neha;> nryT> tof;F> fld;

gw;wpaJ.

7) Vohkplk; fs];jpu];jhdk;. kidtp miktJ> Neha; nehbfs;> ez;gu;fs; gw;wpaJ. ,ij khuf];jhdk; vd;Wk; nrhy;tu;.

8) vl;lhkplk; MAs; ];jhdk;. MAs;> kuzk; gw;wpaJ. 9) xd;gjhkplk;. gpj;U ];jhdk;. nja;t topghL> jhd ju;kk;

nra;jy;> FUit kjpj;jy;> gpuahzk; gw;wpaJ. ,ijg; ghf;fpa ];jhdk; vd;Wk; nrhy;tu;.

10) gj;jhkplk;> [Ptd];jhdk;. mur cjtpfs;> njhopy; Kd;Ndw;wk;> Qhdk; gw;wpaJ

11) gjpNdhuhkplk; yhg];jhdk;. njhopy;> nry;tk;> nry;thf;Fg; gw;wpaJ.

xxxvi

12) gd;dpuz;lhkplk;> tpua ];jhdk;> nryT> cwf;fk;> nja;t gf;jp> Nkhl;rk; gw;wpaJ.

];jhdg; gyd;fs;

(yf;dk; Kjy; 12 ];jhdq;fspy; mwpaNtz;ba gyd;fs;) 1) yf;dk; ([e;kk;) capu;> [Ptd;> Njfk;> Njhw;wk;. 2) ,uz;lhkplk; (thf;F ];jhdk;) FLk;g ];jhdk;> jdk;> fz;

ghu;it. 3) %d;whkplk;> (rNfhju];jhdk;) Ngr;R ty;yik> fPu;j;jp> iju;ak;>

,isa rNfhjud;> rNfhjup> fhJ> Ms;> mbik> mzpfyk;> Nghfk;.

4) ehd;fhkplk; (khj;U ];jhdk;)>Rf];jhdk;> tPL> thfdk;> epyk;>khjh> ge;Jf;fs;> tpj;ij> tpahghuk;.

5) Ie;jhkplk; (Gj;jpu];jhdk;) re;jjp> Gfo;> mk;khd;> gpuGj;tk;> Nky;gbg;G

6) Mwhkplk; (Gj;jpu];jhdk;) rj;U];jhdk;> rj;UNuhfk;> tof;F> fld;.

7) Vohkplk; (MAs;];jhdk;) MAs;>khuf];jhdk;> $l;lhspfs; 8) vl;lhkplk; (MAs;];jhdk;) MAs;> kuztop. 9) xd;gjhkplk;(gpj;U];jhdk;) ghf;a];jhdk;. flTs;gf;jp> FU

cgNjrk;> ju;kk;> rPyk;> gpuahzk;. 10) gj;jhkplk; ([Ptd];jhdk;) uh[;ahjpgj;ak;> njhopy;> fu;kk;>

Qhdk; 11) gjpNdhuhkplk; (yhg];jhdk;) %j;j rNfhju ];jhdk;> yhgk;. 12) gd;dpuz;lhkplk; (tpua];jhdk;) nryT> radk;> Nkh\k;.

xxxvii

Kf;fpa ];jhdq;fs; tptuKk; ngaUk; 1-4-7-10 Nfe;jpuk; 1-5-9 jpupNfhzk; 2-6-8-11 gzguk; 3-12 MNghf;ypkk;

Rgu;fs; : tsu;gpiwr; re;jpud;> FU> Rf;fpud;> ghgNuhL Nruhj Gjd; ,tu;fs; Rgu;fshtu;.

ghtpfs; : #upad;>nrt;tha;>rdp>uhF>NfJ> Nja;gpiwr; re;jpud;>

ghgNuhL $ba Gjd;.

Nfe;jpu gyd;

1>4>7>10 Nfe;jpu];jhdk; vdg;gLk;. yf;fdj;jpy; Gjd;> FU ,Ue;jhy;

G+uzkhd gyd; fpilf;Fk;.

4MtJ Nfe;jpuj;jpy; -re;jpud;> Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy; G+uz gyd;

fpilf;Fk;.

7MtJ Nfe;jpuj;jpy;; - rdp>,uhF> NfJ ,Ue;jhy; G+uz gyd;

fpilf;Fk;.

10MtJ Nfe;jpuj;jpy; - #upad;>nrt;tha;> ,Ue;jhy; G+uzgyd; fpilf;Fk; jpupNfhz gyd; yf;fdk;> Ie;jhk; tPL> xd;gjhk; tPLfisj; jpupNfhzk; vd;ghu;fs;. ,jw;F yf;Rkp ];jhdk; vd;W ngau;. ,J Rg tPL. Ie;jhtJ tPL Kf;fhw;gyidAk;> xd;gjhtJ tPL KOg;gyidAk; nfhLf;Fk;. ,t;tPLfspy; fpufq;fs; jrhehjd; ,tu;fs; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ Nkw;nrhy;yg;gl;l gyidf; nfhLg;ghu;fs;.

xxxviii

,yf;fpd gyd;

Nklk; : ,t; ,yf;fpdj;jpy; gpwe;NjhUf;F murkupahij fpilf;Fk;. r%fj;Jld; ey;YwT ,Uf;Fk;. gzpahsu;fs; gyu; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. %u;f;fj;jdKk;> rhku;j;jpaKk;> nkype;j NjfKilatu;fshfTk;> moFs;stu;fshfTk;> nghWik> kdj;jplk;> gyk;> mwpT cilatu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. 4>5>7>10>21>23>25>27 ,e;j taJfspy; Neha; gytPdk;> tp\ gak;> J}uNjr rQ;rhuk;> tUkhdf; FiwT vd;gd cz;lhFk;. ,e;j ,uhrpf;fhuu;fSf;F #upad;> tpahod; Rg gyd;fisAk;> rdprk;ge;jg;gl;l tpahod; Jd;gkhd gyd;fisAk; nfhLg;ghu;fs;.

,lgk; : ,t; ,yf;fpdj;jpy; gpwe;Njhu; fsj;jpuNjh\k; cs;stu;fshfTk;> Neu;ikahdtu;fshfTk;> gpwupd; nrhj;ij tpUk;ghjtu;fshfTk;> trPfukhdtu;fshfTk;> Mguzq;fis mzpgtu;fshfTk;> mofhd cilfis mzpgtu;fshfTk;> ey;y Gj;jpuu;fisg; ngw;wtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. #upaDk;> rdpAk;> GjDk; ey;y gyd;fisf; nfhLg;ghu;fs;. rdp uh[Nahfj;ijf; nfhLg;ghd;. re;jpuDk; tpahoDk; Rf;fpuDk; nfLjiyf; nfhLg;ghu;fs;. 5>13>16>19>20>27 taJfspy; Neha;> Jd;gk;> gif> f\;lk; cz;lhFk;.

kpJdk; : ,t; ,yf;fpdj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fs; kfpo;r;rpAld; ,dpathu;j;ij NgRgtu;fshf ,Ug;gu;. ey;y Ngr;rhsuhfTk;> kidtpapd; kPJ mjpf md;Gs;stu;fshfTk;> mtspd;

xxxix

nrhy;iyf;Nfl;gtu;fshfTk;> mbf;fb Neha;tha;g; gLgtu;fshfTk;> Gfio tpUk;Ggtu;fshfTk;> rl;lk; gapy;gtuhfTk;> r%fj; njhz;luhfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. 2>5>8>10>18>25>27 ,e;j taJfspy; neUg;G> MAjk;> thfdk; ,itfshy; Jd;gk; cz;lhFk;. ,t; ,uhrpf;fhuu;fSf;Fr; Rf;fpud; ed;ik nra;thd;. #upad;> nrt;tha;> tpahod; Jd;gg;gLj;Jtu;.

flfk; : ,e;j ,yf;fpdj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fs; fsj;jpu Rfkw;wtu;fshfTk;> Gj;jprhypahfTk;> gzf;fhuuhfTk;> FU tpRthrpahfTk;> mw;g Gj;jpAs;stu;fshfTk;> Mo;e;j rpe;jidAs;stu;fshfTk;>JLf;fhdtu;fshfTk;>Kd;Nfhgpah fTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. 5>9>14>17>20>25>40 ,e;j taJfspy; Neha;fspd; jhf;fk; ,Uf;Fk;. tpahoDk;> nrt;thAk; ed;ik nra;thu;fs;. ,tu;fs; Nahffhuu;fs;. ,UtUk; $bapUg;gJ NahfkhdJ.

rpk;kk; : ,e;j ,yf;fpdj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fs; cztpy; gpupaKs;stu;fshfTk;> fk;gPuk;> gyk;> cWjp nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> jdte;ju;fshfTk;> nja;t ek;gpf;if kpf;ftu;fshfTk; tpj;ijfs; gyTk; fw;wtu;fshfTk;> rkNahrpj Gj;jp cs;stu;fshfTk;> Kaw;rpAilatu; -fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs; 4>10>27>30 Mfpa taJfspy; Neha;> Jd;gk;> cz;lhFk;. ,t;tpuhrpf;fhuu;fSf;F #upad; nrt;thapdhy; ed;ik cz;lhFk;. nrt;tha; Nahffhud;. nrt;thAld; Rf;fpud; $bapUe;jhy; NahfKz;lhFk;.

fd;dp : ,e;j ,yf;fpdj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fs;> ey;y elj;ijAilatu;fshfTk;> jhd jUkj;jpy; tpUg;Gk;> ek;gpf;ifAk;> nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> ,uf;fKs;stu; fshfTk;> kdjpy; tQ;rid cilatu;fshfTk;> gpwuplkpUe;J nghUl; fisg; ngWgtuhfTk;> Kaw;rpAila tuhfTk; ,Ug;gu;. ,tu;fSf;F Rf;fpuDk; GjDk; Nahffhuu;fs;. ,tu;fs; $bapUg;gJ Nahfk;. re;jpud; nrt;tha;>

xl

tpahod;> ghtpfs;. ,tu;fSf;F 13>17>19>42 tajpy; Neha;> gzf;f\;lk; cz;lhFk;. Jyhk; : ,e;j ,yf;fpdj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fs;> murpd; ed;kjpg;igg; ngw;wtu;fshfTk;> ew;FzKk;> nghWikAk;> ,uf;fKk;> ty;yikAk;> mwpTk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> GfOikatu;fshfTk;> fUiz gpwu;f;Fjtp> r%fNrit nra;gtu;fshfTk;> GfOilatu;fshfTk;> gupksg; gpupau;fshfTk; ,Ug;gu;. 7>10>12>19>27 Mfpa taJfspy; mf;fpdp> thfdk;> ,aw;ifapd; rPw;wk; vd;gtw;why; jPikfs; tUk;. rdp> Gjd;> Rf;fpudhy; ed;ikAk;> #upad;> nrt;tha;> tpahodhy; Jd;gk; tUk;. re;jpuDk;> GjDk; Nahffhuu;fs;. ,tu;fs; $bapUe;jhy; Nahfk; cz;lhFk;.

tpUr;rpfk; : ,t; ,yf;fzj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fs; gpwiu mDrupj;J tho;gtu;fshfTk;> jdte;jtu;fshfTk;> mwpTj;jpwd; kpf;ftu; fshfTk;> jhdju;kj;jpy; tpUg;Gilatu;fshfTk;> tQ;rff; Fzq;fis cilatuhfTk;> ,dge;Jf;fis md;Gld; cgrupf;fhjtu;fshfTk;> FLk;gj;jpy; gpupaKs;stu;fshfTk;> vLj;j fhupaj;ij Kbg;gtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. 3>5>9>12>18>40 ,e;j tajpy; fz;l Njh\Kz;L. mf;fpdp gak;> tp\j;jhYk>; tpgj;Jf;fshYk; Jd;gk; cz;lhfyhk;. #upad;> re;jpud;> tpahod;> Rgu;fs;> nrt;tha;> Gjd;> Rf;fpud; ghtpfs;. #upaDk;> re;jpuDk; Nahffhuu;fs;. ,tu;fs; ,UtUk; $bapUe;jhy; NahfkhFk;. jDR: ,e;j ,yf;fzj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fs; ew;FzKila -tu;fshfTk;> cz;ikNgRgtu;fshfTk;> nghUs; cilatu; -fshfTk;>,drdf;$l;lj;ijf; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> tpj;ij kpFe;jtu;fshfTk;> ,Ug;ghu;fs;. 3>4>6>15>18>32>47>,e;j taJfspy; fz;lNjh\k; cz;L. fz; Neha;fs;> c\;zNeha;fs; tUk;. #upad;>

xli

nrt;tha;> Rgu;fs;. Rf;fpud; ghtp. #upaDk; GjDk; Nahffhuu;fs;. ,tu;fs; ,UtUk; $bapUg;gJ NahfkhFk;. kfuk; : ,e;j ,yf;fzj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fs;. jPa Mirfisf; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> Fs;sg;Gj;jp nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> Rgepfo;r;rpfisr; nra;gtu;fshfTk;> cghaKs;stu;fshfTk;> rhfrkhd thu;j;ijfisg; NgRgtu;fshfTk;> Kd;NfhgKs;stu; fshfTk;> kidtpaplk; gpupaKs;stu;fshfTk;> ,Ug;ghu;fs;. 3>4>7>8>32>37 ,e;j taJfspy; Neha; gPilfs; tWik vd;gd cz;lhfyhk;. nrt;tha;>Gjd;> Rf;fpud;> Rgu;fs;. re;jpuDk;> tpahoDk; ghtpfs;. Rf;fpud;> Nahffhud;> Rf;fpuDk;> GjDk; Nru;e;jpUe;jhy; uh[Nahfk; Vw;gLk;.

Fk;gk; : ,e;j ,yf;fzj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fs; ez;gu;fSld; tpNuhjk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> ngz;fs; kPJ gpupaKs;s tu;fshfTk;> jplkhf Muha;e;J KbntLg;gtu;fshfTk;> jw;Gfo;r;rpia tpUk;ghjtu;fshfTk;> ed;wp kwe;jtu;fshfTk;> Fs;skhdtu;fshfTk;> ke;j Gj;jpAs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. 9>10>13>21>30>32 ,e;j tajpy; c\;zj;jhy; gPil thjk; Nghd;w Neha;fs; jhf;fyhk;. Rf;fpud;> Gjd;> rdp> Rgu;fs;. re;jpud;> nrt;tha;> tpahod; ghtpfs;. Rf;fpud; Nahffhud;. Rf;fpud; nrt;thAld; $bapUe;jhy; Nahfk; cz;lhFk;.

kPdk;: ,e;j ,yf;fzj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fs; rkag;gw;W cilatu;fshfTk;> rj;jpathd;fshfTk;> nghUs; kpFe;jtu;f shfTk;> RfNghfg; gpupau;fshfTk; tUkhdj;jp w;F kpQ;rpa

xlii

nrythspfshfTk;> Kd;ndr;rupf;if cilatu;fshfTk;> ,uf;f Rghtk; cilatu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. 2>4>11.20>28 ,e;j taJfspy; c\;zNuhfk;> gpj;jNuhfk; vd;gd cz;lhFk;. re;jpud;> nrt;tha;> Rgu;fs;. #upad;> Gjd;> Rf;fpud;> rdp ,tu;fs; ghtpfs;. nrt;thAk; tpahoDk; Nahffhuu;fs;. ,tu;fs; $bapUe;jhy; Nahfk; cz;lhFk;.

[d;k el;rj;jpu gyd;

mr;Rtpdp : Kjyhk; ghfk; nja;tgf;jp kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> jdte;ju;fshfTk;> fy;tpAld; Gj;jpf;$u;ik cs;stu;f shfTk;> GfOilatu;fshfTk;> gpwupy; ek;gpf;ifapy; yhjtu;fshfTk;> tPz;thu;ijfs; NgRgtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. ,uz;lhk; ghjk; ngupatu;fis kjpg;gtu;fshfTk;> mtu;fshy; kjpf;fg;gLgtu;fshfTk;> kw;wtu;fis vspjpy; Gupe;J nfhs;gtu;fshfTk;> nrhFrhd tho;f;ifia tpUk;Ggtu;f shfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. rka mDl;lhdk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> Mrpupau;fshfTk;> gpwu;f;F Kd; khjpupahdtu;fshfTk;> mbf;fb c\;zk; rk;ge;jkhd Neha;F Ml;gLgtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. rkNahrpj Gj;jpAilatu;fshfTk;> mwpTs;stu;fshfTk;> nja;t ek;gpf;if kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> cz;ik> Neu;ik> ngha; nrhy;yhik> kw;wtu;fis kjpf;Fk; gz;Gfs; cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. %d;whk; ghjk;

xliii

rka mDl;lhdKs;stu;fshfTk;> Mrpupau;fshfTk;> gpwu;f;F

Kd;khjpupahdtu;fshfTk;> mbf;fb c\;zk; rk;ge;jkhd Neha;f;F

Ml;gLgtu;fshfTk;> ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

ehd;fhk; ghjk;

rkNahrpjGj;jp cilatu;fshfTk;> mwpTs;stu;fshfTk;>

nja;tek;gpf;if kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> cz;ik> Neu;ik> ngha; Ngrhik>

kw;wtu;fis kjpf;Fk; gz;Gfs; cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

guzp : Kjyhk; ghjk; vjpupfisj; jd;trg;gLj;Jgtu; fshfTk;>

ew;FzKs;stu;fshfTk;> jplkhd cliyAilatu;f shfTk;>

kw;wtu;fisg; Gupe;J nfhs;gtu;fshfTk;> nra;ed;wp

kwthjtu;fshfTk;> nrUf;Fk; jpkpUk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> fhk

czu;r;rp cilatu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

,uz;lhk; ghjk; GfOk;> fPu;j;jpAk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> kw;wtu;fis

vspjpy; ftu;e;J jdJ fhupaq;fisr; rhjpg;gtu;f

shfTk;>jhdju;kq;fspy; tpUg;gk; cilatu;fs; MfTk;> vjpupfis

trPfupg;gtu;fshfTk;> gpwuplk; vspjpy; cjtpfisg; ngWgtu;fshfTk;

,Ug;ghu;fs;.

%d;whk; ghjk; mjp\;lrhypfshfTk;> ntFrdg; gpupau;fshfTk;>

cjtpfs; nra;gtu;fshfTk;> kd kfpo;Tilatu;fshfTk;> Raeyk;

kpf;ftu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

xliv

ehd;fhk; ghjk; kw;wtu;fspd; cau;itg; nghWj;Jf;

nfhs;shjtu;fshfTk;> gpbthjk;> nrUf;F> Mztk;

cs;stu;fshfTk;> tQ;ridfs; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> rz;ilg;

gpupau;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

fhu;j;jpif : Kjyhk; ghjk; jpwikrhypfshfTk;> fhzpG+kp> tPLfs;

cilatu;fshfTk; nry;te;ju;fshfTk;> mbf;fb

Neha;tha;g;gLgtu;fshfTk;> Kul;Lf;Fzq;fis cilatu;

fshfTk;> nja;tgf;jp cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

,uz;lhk; ghjk; nja;tgf;jp> rka ek;gpf;ifapy;

ehl;lkpy;yhjtu;fshfTk;> %u;f;fj;jdKk;> jhd; epidj;jit jhd; rup

vd;w vz;zk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; fy;tpapy; jpwikAk;> fiyfspy;

tpUg;Gk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

%d;whk; ghjk; : NfhkhspfshfTk;> mLj;jtu;fshy;

gupfrpf;fg;gLgtu;fshfTk;> gpwupd; ntWg;Gf;F Mshgtu; fshfTk;>

ke;jGj;jp cilatu;fshfTk;> ngz;fspd; kPJ ,r;ir

nfhs;gtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

ehd;fhk; ghjk; tWikAilatu;fshfTk;> Jd;gq;fis mbf;fb

re;jpg;gtu;fshfTk;> NehahspfshfTk;> kdf;Fog;gk;

cs;stu;fshfTk;> gpwiuf; Fiw $Wgtu;fshfTk;> rz;ilg;

gpupau;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

xlv

Nuhfpzp : Kjyhk; ghjk; Nguhir cs;stuhfTk;> ngz;fspd; kPJ

tpUg;gk; cs;stuhfTk;> mwpQu;fspd; el;igg; ngw;wtuhfTk;> moF>

fk;gPuk; nfhz;ltuhfTk;> Cu; Rw;WgtuhfTk;> eLTepiyik

cilatuhfTk; fy;tp khd;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

,uz;lhk; ghjk; : Mrhu mDl;lhdq;fs; cilatuhfTk;> nja;t

ek;gpf;if cilatuhfTk;> ePjp epahafs; cilatuhfTk;>

Nrhjplj;jpy; ek;gpf;if cilatu;fshfTk;> Kd;NfhgpfshfTk;>

ngz;fs; kPJ gpupak; cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

%d;whk; ghjk; : fy;tpapy; Mu;tKs;stu;fshfTk;> Muha;r;rp

nra;gtu;fshfTk;> fiyfspy; Mu;tKs;stu;fshfTk;> fzpj

NkijfshfTk;> khe;jpuPfk; Nrhjplk; Mfpatw;wpy; ek;gpf;if

cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

ehd;fhk; ghjk; : mepahaq;fisg; nghWf;f khl;lhjtu;fshfTk;> ePjp>

Neu;ik cs;stu;fshfTk; ngz;fisj; nja;tkhf kjpg;gtu;fshfTk;>

nry;tk; nry;thf;Fs;stu;fshfTk;> Gfo; cs;stu;fshfTk;

,Ug;ghu;fs;.

kpUfrPuplk; : Kjyhk; ghjk; moFk;> jpwikAk;> fy;tpawpTk;

ePq;fhj nry;tKk; cilatu;fshfTk; Mrhu mDl;lhdq;fspy;

ek;gpf;ifapy;yhjtu;fshfTk;> kdf; Fog;gKilatu;fshfTk;>

xlvi

nja;tgf;jp cs;stu;fshfTk;> jy ahj;jpiu nra;gtu;fshfTk;>

gpwupd; clikfspy; mthf; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

,uz;lhk; ghjk; : ek;gf;$batu;fshfTk;> thf;Fj; jtwhjtu;f

shfTk;>cz;ik> Neu;ik cilatu;fshfTk;> gpwupd; nghUs;kPJ

mf;fiw cs;stu;fshfTk;> Kw; NfhgpfshfTk;> Mrhu

mDl;lhdq;fs; cs;stu;fshfTk;> fhk czu;T mjpfk;


%d;whk; ghjk; jhKk; kfpo;Tld; ,Ue;J kw;wtu;fisAk;

kfpo;tpg;gtuhfTk; nja;tek;gpf;ifAk;> Mrhu mDl;lhdq;fspy;

ek;gpf;if cilatu;fshfTk;> nkd;ikahfTk;> md;ghfTk; Ngrpg;

goFgtuhfTk; gNuhgfhupfshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

ehd;fhk;ghjk;nja;tek;gpf;ifAk;> Mrhu mDl;lhdq;fSk;> fy;tp

mwpTk;> Ez;ikahd Gj;jpAk; gpwiu Nerpg;gtu;fshfTk;> jhd

ju;kq;fs; nra;gtu;fshfTk>; fhk czu;Tk;> gpbthj FzKk;

nrUf;Fk; cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

jpUthjpiu :Kjyhk; ghjk; kdr;Rj;jk; cilatu;fshfTk;> ,dpa

RghtKs;stu;fshfTk;> fy;tpawpT> jpwik> Gj;jpf;$u;ik

cs;stu;fshfTk;> fyfyg;ghfg; Ngrpg; goFk; jd;ik

cs;stu;fshfTk;> nghUisr; rk;ghjpj;Jr; Nru;j;J itj;jpUg;g tuhfTk;

moF czu;T cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

xlvii

,uz;lhk; ghjk; fz;bg;ghd Rghtk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> MuhaJ>

Nfhgk; nfhs;sgtu;fshfTk;> ,drd ge;Jf;fSlDk;

ez;gu;fSlDk; Kuz;gLgtuhfTk;> tpthjq;fspy;

<LgLgtu;fshfTk;> ijuparhypfshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

%d;whk;ghjk; gpwUld; xj;Jg;NghfhJ Kuz;gLgtu;f -shfTk;;>

gpwiuf; Nfyp nra;J ,d;gk; milgtu;fshfTk;> moF czu;r;rp

,y;yhjtu;fshfTk;> nfl;ltw;iw tpUk;Ggtu;fshfTk;> mbf;fb

Neha;tha;g;gLgtu;fshfTk; fQ;ru;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

ehd;fhk;ghjk; gpwiu ek;ghjtu;fshfTk;> ,d rdge;Jf;fs;>

ez;gu;fs;> maytu;fSld; fhuzq;fspd;wp Kuz;gl;L

mtkhdkilgtu;fshfTk;> ePjp> Neu;ik ,y;yhjtu;fshfTk;> gzk;

rk;ghjpg;gijNa Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

Gdu;G+rk;: Kjyhk;ghjk;. gUj;j ruPuk; cilatu;fshfTk;>

Cf;fkpy;yhjtu;fshfTk;>ciog;gpy; gw;wpy;yhjtu;fshfTk;. Mirfs;

cs;stu;fshfTk;> fy;tpapy; mf;fiw cs;stu;fshfTk;> nry;tj;jpy;

gw;Wf; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> jplkhd kdk; ,y;yhjtu;fshfTk;

,Ug;ghu;fs;.

,uz;lhk; ghjk; Mrhu mDl;lhdq;fspYk;> nja;tj;jpd; kPJk;

ek;gpf;if ,y;yhjtu;fshfTk;> cwtpdu;> ez;gu;fSld; kdk; tpl;Lg;

gofhjtu;fshfTk;> ehtd;ik cs;stu;fshfTk;> Mlk;gukhf tho

xlviii

tpUk;Ggtu;fshfTk;> mbf;fb Neha;tha;g;gLgtu;fshfTk;

,Ug;ghu;fs;.

%d;whk; ghjk; cy;yhrg; gpupau;fshfTk;> Cu;

Rw;Wgtu;fshfTk;>cly;mofpy; ftdk; nrYj;jhjtu;fshfTk;>

gpwuhy; tpUk;gg;glhj -tu;fshfTk;> ePz;l MAis

cilatu;fshfTk;> FLk;gj;jpy; gw;Ws;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

ehd;fhk; ghjk; mofhdtu;fshfTk;> gpwiuf; ftu;tjpy;

ty;ytu;fshfTk;> gpwUf;F cjtpfs; nra;tij tpUk;Ggtu;fshfTk;>

jhd ju;kg; gpupau;fshfTk;> ed;wp kwthj Fzj;ij

cilatu;fshfTk; jplkhd KbTfis vLg;gtu;fshfTk;

,Ug;ghu;fs;.

G+rk; : Kjyhk; ghjk; fy;tpapy; mf;fiwAk;> jpwikAk;

nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> nja;tek;gpf;if cilatu;fshfTk;

ngupatu;fis kjpg;gtu;fshfTk;> jhd ju;kq;fs; nra;gtu;fshfTk;

ey;y ez;gu;fis cilatu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

,uz;lhk; ghjk; ,uf;f Rghtk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> gpwUf;Fg;

Gj;jpkjpfs; $Wgtu;fshfTk;> nja;tgf;jp> Mrhuk;

kpFe;jtu;fshfTk;> nry;tk; cilatu;fshfTk;> FLk;gj;jpy;

gw;Ws;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

xlix

%d;whk;ghjk; fyfyg;Gk; Ntbf;ifAk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;

,dge;Jf;fs; #o;e;jpUg;gtu;fshfTk;> fy;tpawpTk;> GfOk;

nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> gpwuhy; kjpf;fg;gLgtu; -fshfTk;> vLj;j

nraiyr; nra;J Kbg;gtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

ehd;fhk; ghjk;

vt;NtisfspYk; gpwNuhL Kuz;gLgtu;fshfTk;> rpdq;

nfhs;gtu;fshfTk;> fhkk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> kidtpia

Nerpg;gtu;fshfTk;> vjpYk; kdepiwT nfhs;shjtu;fshfTk;

,Ug;ghu;fs;.

Mapypak;: Kjyhk; ghjk; kw;wtu;fSld; Kuz;gLgtu; -

fshfTk;> gpwiu kjpf;fhjtu;fshfTk;> mfq;fhuk; cs;stu;fshfTk;.

jPatopapy; nry;tk; Nru;g;gtu;fshfTk>; ,uf;fkpy;yhjtu;fshfTk;>

gzj;jpy; MirAs;stu; -fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

,uz;lhk; ghjk;

jPa nray;fspy; ehl;lk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> nja;t ek;gpf;if

Fiwe;jtu;fshfTk;> cgNjrk;> MNyhridfs; nra;gtu;fshfTk;>

r%fj;jpy; eilngWk; itgtq;fspy; fye;J nfhs;shjtu;fshfTk;

,Ug;ghu;fs;.

%d;whk; ghjk;

l

FLk;gj;jpy; gw;wpy;yhjtu;fshfTk;> kidtp gps;isfisr;

re;Njfpg;gtu;fshfTk;> mfq;fhuk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> gpwuhy;

kjpf;fg;glhjtu;fshfTk;> ePjp epahaq;fis czuhjtu;fshfTk;>

ed;wp ,y;yhjtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

ehd;fhk; ghjk;

Kulu;fshfTk;> tPz; thu;j;ijfs; NgRgtu;fshfTk;> jPatu;fSld;

cwT nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> gpwupd; nghUis mgfupf;Fk; Fzk;

nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> Gfio tpUk;gpj; jfhj nray;fisr;

nra;af;$batu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

kfk; : Kjyhk; ghjk;

jhdju;kk; vd;gtw;wpYk; Mrhu mDl;lhdq;fs;> nja;t ek;gpf;if

vd;gd kpFe;jtuhfTk;> nry;te;ju;fshfTk;> mfykhdkhu;Gk;>

fy;tpawpTk; moFk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> Muha;e;jwpAk; jd;ikAk;>

nghJey Nehf;Fk;> gpwiu kjpf;Fk; jd;ikAk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;

,Ug;ghu;fs;.

,uz;lhk; ghjk;

Jd;gq;fs;> Jauq;fs;> el;lq;fis mbf;fb re;jpg;gtu;fshfTk;>

ePjp> Neu;ik> nfsutk; vd;gd cilatu;fshfTk;> vspjpy; czu;r;rp

trg;gLgtu;fshfTk;> ,uf;fk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> FLk;gg; gw;W

kpFe;jtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

%d;whk; ghjk;

li

KbTfis vLgj;jpy; gytPdu;fshfTk;> gpwiu ek;gp tho;it

elj;Jgtu;fshfTk;> gpwupd; nghUis tpUk;Gtu;fshfTk;> ijupak;

cs;stu;fshfTk;> Mrhuq;fspy; ek;gpf;if cilatu;fshfTk;>

rhJthdtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

ehd;fhk; ghjk;

FLk;gj;jpw;F cupa Fzq;fs; cilatu;fshfTk;> rUk tpahjpfis

cilatu;fshfTk;> ngz;fis Nerpg;gtu; fshfTk;> myq;fhukhd

thu;j;ijfisg; Ngrp vtiuAk; ftu;e;jpOf;Fk; rf;jp

cs;stu;fshfTk;> ngupNahu; kPJ kjpg;Gilatu;fshfTk;

,Ug;ghu;fs;.

G+uk; : Kjyhk; ghjk;

fy;tp> mwpT> Gj;jpf;$u;ik nry;tk; Mfpad cilatu;fshfTk;>

ngupNahiu kjpg;gtu;fshfTk; ju;k rpe;jidAk;> kfpo;r;rpAk;

cilatu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. jPuhj Neha; xd;W $l

,Ug;gtuhfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

,uz;lhk; ghjk;

mjp\;l;lk; ,y;yhjtu;fshfTk;> tptrhaj;jpy; tpUg;gk;

cilatu;fshfTk;> tpahghuj;ijj; njhopyhff; nfhz;ltu;

fshfTk;> kjpg;G>Nkd;ik>Gfo; cilatu;shfTk; vjpYk;

jpUg;jpg;glhjtu;fshfTk; ftiyfs; cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

%d;whk; ghjk;

lii

Neu;ikAk;> flTs; gf;jpAk; rh];jpu rk;gpujhaq;fspy;

ek;gpf;ifnfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> ,uf;fk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> gpwu; kPJ

md;Gk;> FLk;gj;jpd; kPJ gw;Wk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

ehd;fhk; ghjk;

rhj;jpu rk;gpujhaq;fspYk;> flTspYk; ek;gpf;if Fiwe;jtu;fshfTk;>

FLk;gk;> cw;whu; cwtpdu;fspy; md;G Fiwe;jtu;fshfTk;>

ngupatu;fis kjpf;fhjtu;fshfTk;> jhd ju;kk; nra;tjpy; <LghL

,y;yhjtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

cj;juk; : Kjyhk; ghjk; FLk;gk; ,drd ge;Jf;fspd; kPJ md;G

nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;>gps;isfspd; vjpu; fhyj;ijj; jPu;khdpj;J

mjw;fhf ciog;gtu;fshfTk;> r%fj;jpw;F cjtpfs;

Gupgtu;fshfTk;> Mlk;gug; gpupau;fshfTk;> nry;tj;jpy; gw;W

cilatuhfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

,uz;lhk; ghjk;

Jd;gq;fis mbf;fb re;jpg;gtu;fshfTk;> khkpr tiffis

tpUk;gp cz;gtu;fshfTk;> kw;wtu;fis kjpf;fhjtu;fshfTk;>

czT> cil vd;gtw;wpy; gw;whf;Fiw cs;stu;fshfTk;> tha;r;

nrhy;ypy; tPuu;fshfTk;> nja;t ek;gpf;if> Mrhu mDl;lhdq;fspy;

tpUg;gk; Fiwe;jtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

%d;whk; ghjk;

liii

kpUfq;fs;> gwitfspy; gw;Ws;stu;fshfTk; G+kp rk;ge;jkhd

njhopy;fspy; tpUg;gk; cilatu;fshfTk;> nja;tg; gw;W

kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> rlq;F> rk;gpujhaq;fspy; ek;gpf;if

nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> Neu;ikahdtu;fshfTk;> gpwiu

kjpg;gtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

ehd;fhk; ghjk;

ngw;Nwhupd;md;G> cjtpfs; fpilf;fg; ngwhjtu;fshfTk;> rpyu;

ngw;Nwhiur; rpW tajpy; ,of;ff; $batu;fshfTk;> ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

cz;ik> Neu;ik> thf;Fj; jtwhik> ed;wp kwthik Nghd;w ey;y

Fzq;fs; ahTk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

mj;jk; : Kjyhk; ghjk; mfq;fhuKk;> jw;ngUikAk;

nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> nry;tj;jpy; kpFe;j gw;Wf; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;>

fy;tpawpTk;> jpwikAk; ey;y njhopYk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> jhd

ju;kq;fspy; tpUg;gKk; nja;t gf;jpapy; rpwe;jtu;fshfTk;

Kw;NfhgpfshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

,uz;lhk; ghjk;

,sk; tajpy; jhahiu ,og;gtu;fshfTk;> fiyfspy; mjpf tpUg;gk;

cs;stu;fshfTk;> jpkpu;> mfq;fhuk;> gpwiu kjpahik Nghd;w

Fzq;fisf; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> gpwupd; kjpg;igg;

ngwhjtu;fshfTk;> ijuparhypfshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

liv

%d;whk; ghjk;

tWik cilatu;fshfTk;> je;ijapd; cjtpfs;

,y;yhjtu;fshfTk;> tpahghuj;jpy; jpwik cs;stu;fsh

fTk;>nkd;ikahd kdj;ij cilatu;f -shfTk;> nja;t ek;gpf;if

kpFe;jtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

ehd;fhk; ghjk;

typikahd clw;fl;il cilatu;fshfTk;> Kaw;rpapy;

jsuhjtu;fshfTk;> kfpo;TlDk;. fyfyg;GlDk; gpwUld; md;Gld;

NgRgtu;fshfTk;> jhahupd; kPJ mjPj gw;Wf; nfhz;ltu;fs;shfTk;>

nja;t ek;gpf;ifAk;> jhd ju;kq;fspy; tpUg;Gk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;

,Ug;ghu;fs;.

rpj;jpiu Kjyhk; ghjk; Raeyk; kpf;ftu;fshfTk;. tPz; thu;j;ijfs;

NgRgtu;fshfTk;> r%fj;jplk; gw;wpy;yhjtu; fshfTk;> clypy;

kr;rq;fis cs;stu;fshfTk;> nry;te;jpy; gw;Ws;stu;fshfTk;

gpwUf;F <ahjtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

,uz;lhk; ghjk;

lv

tWikcilatu;fshfTk;> kdcWjp ,y;yhjtu;fshfTk;> gpwu;

$Wgtw;iw MuhahJ ek;Ggtu;fshfTk; fy;tpapy; Cf;fk;

nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> caukhdtu;fshfTk;> kw;wtu;fspd; fUj;ij

mwpahjtu;fshfTk;> jPatu;fis ek;Ggtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

%d;whk; ghjk;

kjpg;G> kupahij> Gfo; cilatu;fshfTk;> ijupa rhypfshfTk;>

gpwuhy; kjpf;fg;gLgtuhfTk;> kjpEl;gk; cilatu;fshfTk;> jhd

ju;k tpUg;Gk;> gpwUf;F cjtpnra;Ak; kdg;ghq;Fk;

nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> nja;t ek;gpf;if kpf;ftu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

ehd;fhk; ghjk;

vtiuAk; ftuf;$batu;fshfTk;> fy;tpapy; jpwikAila

tu;fshfTk;> nry;te;ju;fshfTk;> vjpYk; ntw;wp ngWgtu;f

shfTk;> vjpupfis trg;gLj;Jgtu;fshfTk;> re;ju;g;gj;jpw;F Vw;wthW

jdJ jFjpfis kwe;J mbikg;gLgtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

Rthjp :Kjyhk; ghjk; nja;tek;gpf;ifAk;> Mrhu

mDl;lhdq;fisg; Nghjpj;jYk;> Nrhjplj;jpy; mjPj ek;gpf;if

nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. ngupNahu;fspd; el;Gk;> nghJ

kf;fspd; kjpg;Gk; cilatu;fshfTk;> mbf;fb fdTfs; fz;L

,d;GWgtuhfTk;> jhdju;kq;fs; nra;agtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

lvi

,uz;lhk; ghjk; : nry;tj;jpdhy; cz;lhFk; Nghfq;fis

mDgtpg;gtu;fshfTk;> ijupaKk; Neuhd Ngr;Rk;

nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> Gj;jprhypfshfTk;> fw;gidapy;

rQ;rupg;gtu;fshfTk;> nja;t gf;jpAk; tpRthrKk;> Mrhu

mDl;lhdq;fspy; ek;gpf;ifAk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

%d;whk; ghjk;: ,ul;il mu;j;jj;Jld; NgRgtu;fshfTk;>

fyff;fhuu;fshfTk;> jPa nray;fisr; nra;gtu;fshfTk;>

jPatu;fSld; el;Gf; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> kw;wtu;fisf;

nfLg;gtu;fshfTk;> MNyhrpf;fhJ Ngrpf; fyfk; cz;L

gz;Zgtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

ehd;fhk; ghjk;

Kulu;fshfTk;> Kd;NfhgpahfTk;> gpwiu ek;g itj;Jj; jPikfs;

nra;gtu;fshfTk;> fhk czu;T mjpfk; cs;stu;fshfTk;>

FLk;gj;jtiu ek;ghjtu;fshfTk; ngw;NwhUf;F cjtpfs;

nra;ahjtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

tprhfk;: Kjyhk; ghjk; tpahghuj;jpy; jpwik cs;stu;fshfTk;>

fy;tpapy; jpwik cs;stu;fshfTk;> Gj;jp rhJupaj;Jld;

elg;gtu;fshfTk;> Nrhjplk; fw;wtu;fshfTk;> ,yFthfg; gpwiu

Vkhw;wf; $batu;fshfTk;> vijAk; nra;af; $batu;fshfTk;>

Ngrf; $batu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

,uz;lhk; ghjk;

lvii

jd;idj;jhd; Gfo;gtu;fshfTk;> jdf;F vy;yhk; njupAk; vd;w

vz;zk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;>jpwikahf kw;wtu;fisf; ftu;e;J

fhupak; ghu;g;gtu;fshfTk;> Nrhjplk;> mDl;lhdq;fspy; ek;gpf;if

cilatu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

%d;whk; ghjk;

fyfj;ij Muk;gpj;J itg;gjpy; jpwik kpf;ftu;fshfTk;>

epiyikiag; Gupe;J rkhspj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; ty;yik

cs;stu;fshfTk;> jpUl;Lf;Fzk; cilatu;fshfTk;> rz;ilg;

gpupau;fshfTk;> ijuparhypfshfTk; kdj;jplk; kpf;ftu;fshfTk;

,Ug;ghu;fs;.

ehd;fhk; ghjk;

nry;tk;> nry;thf;F cilatu;fshfTk;> Ngr;rpYk; fhupaq;fisr;

rhjpg;gjpYk; jpwik cs;stu;fshfTk;> MNyhrid

toq;Fgtu;fshfTk;> r%fj;jpw;F Kd; khjpupahdtuhfTk;>

jhdju;kj;ij tpUk;gpr; nra;gtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

mDrk; : Kjyhk; ghjk;

vy;NyhiuAk; ftuf;$batu;fshfTk;> NgRtjpy; ty;ytu;fshfTk;>

Mrhunewp Kiwfisg; Nghw;Wgtu; fshfTk;> nja;tek;gpf;if

kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> MuhAk; jd;ik nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> jhd

lviii

ju;kq;fisr; nra;gtu;fshfTk;> Nkd;ikahd gjtp

tfpg;gtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

,uz;lhk; ghjk;

mur tpRthrpfshfTk;> kw;wtu;fisg; Gupe;J fhupa

khw;Wgtu;fshfTk;>fiyfspy; <LghL cilatu;fshfTk;>

ju;krpe;jid cs;stu;fshfTk;> ez;gu;fSf;F cjtpfs;

nra;gtu;fshfTk>; fyfyg;ghdtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

%d;whk; ghjk;

jPa vz;zq;fis cilatu;fshfTk;> Neha;fs; gyTk;

cs;stu;fshfTk;> gpwupd; fhupaq;fisj; jdJ fhupak; Nghy

epidj;Jr; nra;fpd;wtu;fshfTk;> czTg; gpupau;fshfTk;>

nja;tek;gpf;if nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

ehd;fhk; ghjk;

jdpikia tpUk;Ggtu;fshfTk;> ez;gu;fs; mjpfk;

,y;yhjtu;fshfTk;>FLk;gj;jpy; gw;W ,y;yhjtu;fshfTk; GfOf;F

kaq;Fgtu;fshfTk;> Mrhu mDl;lhdq;fis

iff;nfhs;gtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

lix

Nfl;il : Kjyhk; ghjk;

fiyfspy; ty;ytu;fshfTk;> Ngr;R td;ikAk;> vOj;J td;ikAk;

cs;stu;fshfTk;> Raeyd;fs; cs;stu;fshfTk;> tpflkhfg;

NgRgtu;fshfTk;> mjpfk; fhkczu;T cs;stu;fshfTk;> cly;

typikAs;stu; -fshfTk; FLk;gj;ij Nerpg;gtu;fshfTk;

,Ug;ghu;fs;.

,uz;lhk; ghjk;

Ngr;rhy; fhupaq;fisr; rhjpg;gtu;fshfTk;> tpflkhfTk; NfypahfTk;

NgRgtu;fshfTk;> tapw;wpy; Neha;fs; cs;stu;fshfTk;> MuhahJ>

Nfhgk; nfhs;gtu;fshfTk;> rz;ilg; gpupau;fshfTk;> fiyfspy;

jpwik cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

%d;whk; ghjk; gpwUld; Kuz;gLgtu;fshfTk;> ePjp epahaq;fis czuhjtuhfTk;>

jdf;Fj; Njitapy;yhj tplaq;fspy; jiyapl;L kdNtjidfs;

milgtu;fshfTk;> Njhy; tpahjpfis cilatu;fshfTk;

Kw;Nfhgf;fhuu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

ehd;fhk; ghjk;

jdJ eyd;fSf;fhfj; jPanray;fisAk; mQ;rhJ nra;gtu;

fshfTk;> jd;Fyg; ngUikiaf; $wpg; ngUikg; gLgtu;fshfTk;>

kw;wtu;fisf; nfLf;Fk; Fzk; nfhz;ltu;f shfTk;> ePjp> epahak;

lx

ghu;fhjtu;fshfTk;> nja;t ek;gpf;if Fiwe;jtu;fshfTk;

,Ug;ghu;fs;.

%yk; : Kjyhk; ghjk;

mw;gkhd Gj;jpAilatu;fshfTk;> kw;wtu;fs; tho;tijg; ghu;j;Jg;

nghwhikg;gLgtu;fshfTk;> Vkhw;Wf;Fzq;fs; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;>

nja;tj;ij tzq;fpa gpd; ghtr;nray;fisr; nra;gtu;fshfTk;>

ahiuAk; ek;ghjtu; fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

,uz;lhk; ghjk;

fy;tpapy; Nkk;gl;ltu;fshfTk;> Fs;sg;Gj;jpfs; cs;stu;f shfTk;>

ngha; NgRjy;> Vkhw;Wjy;> ke;jpu je;jpuq;fs; nra;jy;> Mlk;gukhf

tho;jy;> gpwUld; xj;Jg;NghfhJ tpjz;lhthjk; NgRgtuhfTk;>

,Uja Neha;fSf;F MshFgtuhfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

%d;whk; ghjk;

Nrhk;gy;jd;ik kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> Cu; Rw;Wgtu;fshfTk;> jdJ

eydpy; mjpf mf;fiw nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> mofhd clw;fl;il

cilatu;fshfTk;> gpy;yp> #dpak;> Vty;> khe;jpuPfk; Nghd;wtw;wpy;

kpFe;j ek;gpf;if cilatu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

ehd;fhk; ghjk;

lxi

kpFe;j kdtypikAk;> fy;tp cilatu;fshfTk; fy;tp rk;ge;jkhd

njhopy;fspy; kpFe;j jpwik cilatu;fshfTk;> fhupaq;fisr;

rhjpg;gjpy; ty;ytu;fshfTk;> fyfyg;ghfg; Ngrpj; jdJ eyd;fis

epiwNtw;Wgtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

G+uhlk; : Kjyhk; ghjk;

vt;NtisapYk; kfpo;thf ,Ug;gtu;fshfTk;> fy;tpapy; jpwik

cilatu;fshfTk;> Nkyhd njhopiyr; nra;gtu;fshfTk;> kf;fshy;

tpUk;gg;gLgtu;fshfTk;> ju;kq;fs; nra;gtu;fshfTk; FLk;gj;jpy;

gw;W kpFe;jtu;fshfTk;> ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

,uz;lhk; ghjk;

ez;gu;fs; ,y;yhjtu;fshfTk;> kf;fshy; ntWf;fg;gLg -

tu;fshfTk;> jPa nray;fis mQ;rhJ nra;a tpUk;Ggtu;fshfTk;>

FLk;gj;jpdNuhL Kuz;gLgtu;fsh fTk;> cwtpdu;fshy;

ntWf;fg;gLgtu;fshfTk;> ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

%d;whk; ghjk;

gpwUld; ju;f;fg;gLgtu;fshfTk;> jhd; epidj;jit jhd; rupahdit

vd;w gpbthj Fzk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> Njhy;> tpahjpfis

cilatu;fshfTk;> jdte;ju;fsh fTk;> jPa vz;zq;fs;

nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> ,stajpy; jhia ,of;ff;$bagyd;


lxii

ehd;fhk; ghjk;

kdtypikAk;> cly; typikAk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> jdJ

fUj;Jf;fis tpl;Lf; nfhLf;fhJ tpthjpg;gtu;fsh fTk;> mw;gkhd

vz;zq;fisAk;> Fs;sg; Gj;jpfisAk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;>

ngz;fshy; ntWf;fg;gLgtu;fsh fTk;> nry;tKs;s

RaeythjpfshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

cj;jpuhlk;: Kjyhk; ghjk;

fy;tpapy; Nkd;ik cs;stu;fshfTk;> ey;y njhopy;

ghu;g;gtu;fshfTk;>Gj;jprhJupaj;Jld; ele;J nfhs;gtu;f shfTk;>

rfy tsq;fisg; ngw;wtu;fshfTk;> FLk;gj;jpy; gw;W

kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> jhd ju;kk; nra;jy;> ,uq;Fjy;> Nghd;w

ew;Fzq;fs; cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

,uz;lhk; ghjk;

fy;tp Nfs;tpfspy; jpwik kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> Ngr;R td;ik

cs;stu;fshfTk;> Nrhjplj;jpy; ehl;lk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> kd

cWjpAs;stu;fshfTk;> jhd ju;kq;fspy; <Lglhjtu;fshfTk;> jdJ

fhupaj;ij ghu;g;gjpy; ty;ytu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

%d;whk; ghjk;

jUzj;jpw;Nfw;wthW mfq;fhukhfg; Ngrpj;jdJ fhupaq;fisr; nra;J

Kbg;gjpy; ty;ytu;fshfTk;> Raeyk;> jPa nray;fs;> Kd;Nfhgk;>

lxiii

gpwiu kjpf;fhik> ,uf;fkpd;ik Nghd;w Fzq;fis

cilatu;fshfTk;> FLk;gr; nryitAk; fzf;Fg; ghu;g;gtu;fshfTk;

,Ug;ghu;fs;.

ehd;fhk; ghjk;

jplkhdNjf mikg;Gf; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; jdJ

fhupaq;fisr;nra;J Kbg;gjpy; ty;ytu;fshfTk; cwtpdNuhL

fyfyg;ghfg;Ngrp cwthb cjTgtu;fshfTk;> jw;ngUik

kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> nry;tijr; Nru;g;gjpy; ty;ytu;fshfTk;

,Ug;ghu;fs;.

jpUNfhzk; : Kjyhk; ghjk;

ijupak; kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> fy;tpapy; jpwikAs;stu;fsh fTk;> jhd;

vd;w fu;tk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> rhj;jpu rk;gpujhaq;fspYk;

flTspYk; mjPj ek;gpf;if nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> ez;gu;fs; mjpfk;

cs;stu;fsh fTk;> FLk;gj;jpdu; kPJk; cwtpdu;fs; kPJk;

gw;Wf;nfhz;ltu; fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

,uz;lhk; ghjk;

fy;tpahsu;fshfTk;> jpwikfs; gyTk; cs;stu;fsh fTk;>

fiyfspy; ty;Ydu;fshfTk;> jdte;ju;fshfTk;> jpwikAs;s

tu;fis kjpf;Fk; jd;ik nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> fhk czu;r;rp mjpfk;

cs;stu;fshfTk;> gpwiu ek;ghjtu;fshfTk;> cs;sij Neupw;

NgRgtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

%d;whk; ghjk;

lxiv

r%fNritfs; nra;gtu;fshfTk;> fw;gid kpFe;jtu;fshfTk;>

kw;wtu;fisg; Gupe;J nfhs;gtu;fsh fTk;> ,uf;fk;

,y;yhjtu;fshfTk;> jhdju;kq;fspy; ngUtpUg;G ,y;yhjtu;fshfTk;>

vspjpy; Vkhw;wkilahjtu;fshfTk;> mbf;fb

Neha;tha;g;gLgtuhfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

ehd;fhk; ghjk;

nry;tk;> nry;thf;F cs;stu;fshfTk;> jhd ju;kq;fspy; ek;gpf;if

cs;stu;fshfTk;> fhzp> G+kp cilatu;fsh fTk;> jPa vz;zq;fs;

cilatu;fshfTk;> fy;tpawpT cs;stu;f shfTk;> ,uf;fKk;

md;Gk; nfhz;ltu;fsh fTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

mtpl;lk; : Kjyhk; ghjk;

MNyhrpf;fhJ jhd; epidj;jgb fUkkhw;Wgtu;fshfTk;> gpwupd;

nrhw;fisf; Nfl;fhjtu;fshfTk;> fhzp> G+kp> nry;tk;> nry;thf;Ffs;

cs;stu;fshfTk;> vijAk; JzpTld; nra;gtu;fshfTk;

,Ug;ghu;fs;.

,uz;lhk; ghjk;

FLk;gj;ij mDrupj;Jr; nry;gtu;fshfTk;> ve;NeuKk; Nahridapy;

,Ue;J gy;NtW tifahd Kuzhd vz;zq;fisf;

nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> mfq;fhuk; nfhz;ltu;f shfTk;> gpwiu

kjpf;fhjtu;fshfTk;> mrLfshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

lxv

%d;whk; ghjk;

fk;gPuk;> moF> ijupak; vd;gd cilatu;fshfTk;> ePjp> Neu;ik

jtwhjtu;fshfTk;> flik czu;T cs;stu;fshfTk;> nja;t

ek;gpf;if kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> FLk;gj;jpy; gw;Wf; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;

,Ug;ghu;fs;.

ehd;fhk; ghjk;

MuhahJNgrp Kuz;gLgtu;fshfTk;> ijuparhypfshfTk;>

clypy;Nuhkk; kpFe;jtu;fshfTk;> gpwiu Vkhw;wpj; jdJ fhupaj;ijr;

rhjpg;gtu;fshfTk;> fhkf;Fzk; kpFe;jtu;fshfTk;> gpwiu

kjpf;fhjtu;fsh fTk;> fu;tk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

rjak; : Kjyhk; ghjk;

mofhd Njhw;wj;ijAk; jplkhd kdijAk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;>

gz;izj; njhopiy tpUk;Ggtu;fsh fTk;> jhd ju;kq;fspy; tpUg;gk;

nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> jdJ fhupaj;ijr; rhjpg;gtu;fshfTk;> tuTf;F

kpQ;rpa nryT nra;gtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

,uz;lhk; ghjk;

Vkhw;Wf; Fzq;fisf; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> Kw;Nfhgpfsh fTk;>

jhdju;kq;fspy; tpUg;gk;cs;stu;fshfTk;> nray;tPuu;fshfTk;> jPa

topfspy; nry;tk; Nru;f;Fk; jd;ik nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> nja;t

ek;gpf;if cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

lxvi

%d;whk; ghjk;

nghJey Nehf;fq;fs; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> gpwUf;F cjTk; jd;ik

nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> ew;Fzq;fs; gyTk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;>

vspjpy; czu;r;rp trg;gLgtu;fsh fTk;> epidj;jtw;iwr;

rhjpg;gtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

ehd;fhk; ghjk;

vijAk; nghWikAld; Nfl;Lj; njupe;J nfhs;gtu;fsh fTk;> jPu

MNyhrpj;J KbT vLg;gtu;fshfTk;> ey;y gz;GfSk;> cjTk;

kdg;ghq;Fk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> Kaw;rpAilatu;fshfTk;> kjpg;G>

Gfo;> nfsutk; vd;gd cilatu;fshfTk;> ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

G+ul;lhjp : Kjyhk; ghjk;

gpwupd; kd ,ay;Gfis mwpe;J mjw;Nfw;g ele;J ey;y ngaiug;

ngw;Wf; fhupaq;fisr; nra;J Kbg;gtu;fsh fTk;> FLk;gj;Jld;

kfpo;Tld; tho;gtu;fshfTk;> FLk;gj;jpd; Njitfis

cld;epiwNtw;Wgtu;fshfTk;> nja;t gf;jpAk;> kfpo;r;rpAk;

nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

,uz;lhk; ghjk;

FLk;gj;jpy; gw;Ws;stu;fshfTk;> fhk czu;T cs;stu;fshfTk;>

Mrhu mDl;lhdq;fspYk;> flTspYk; ek;gpf;if

nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> MuhahJ NgRgtu;fsh fTk;>ngupatu;fspd;

lxvii

kjpg;igg; ngWgtu;fshfTk;> kf;fshy; kjpf;fg;gLgtu;fshfTk;

,Ug;ghu;fs;.

%d;whk; ghjk;

fy;tpapy; Nkk;gl;ltu;fshfTk;. fiyfspy; ehl;lk;

cs;stu;fshfTk;> kw;wtu;fisg; Ngr;rhy; ftuf;$batu;fshfTk;>

czT tiffspy; Mir mjpfk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> nry;tk;

Nru;g;gjpy; Mir cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

ehd;fhk; ghjk;

ePjp> Neu;ik jtwhjtu;fshfTk;> rj;jpaj;jpw;fhfg;

NghuhLgtu;fshfTk;> ez;gu;fSld; fyfyg;ghfg; Ngrp vtiuAk;

ftu;gtu;fshfTk;> mofhdtu;fshfTk;> cjtpfs; nra;tjpy;

tpUg;Gilatu;fshfTk;> kjpg;G kupahij cs;stu;fshfTk;

,Ug;ghu;fs;.

cj;jul;lhjp : Kjyhk; ghjk;

jplkhd kdKs;stu;fshfTk;> jkJ jpl;lq;fis vspjpy; khw;wpf;

nfhs;shjtu;fshfTk;> kw;wtu;fisf; ftUk; tz;zk;

Ngrf;$batu;fshfTk;> fy;tp> nry;tk;> nry;thf;Ffs;

cs;stu;fshfTk;> nja;t ek;gpf;ifAk;> jhd ju;kq;fspy; tpUg;Gk;


,uz;lhk; ghjk;

fy;tpapy; jpwikrhypfshfTk;> jplkhd kdk; ,y;yhjtu;fshfTk;>

Mil Mguzq;fis tpUk;Ggtu;fsh fTk;> fgl Nehf;fq;fs;

lxviii

cs;stu;fshfTk;> cjtpfs; gyTk; Njitawpe;J nra;gtu;fshfTk;>

jPa ez;gu;fSld; njhlu;Gfs; cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

%d;whk; ghjk;

nja;tek;gpf;if kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> FLk;gj;jpdu;> cwtpdu;>

ez;gu;fSld; Njitapd;wp Kuz;gLgtu;fshfTk;> Kw;Nfhgk;

nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> fPohd Gj;jpfisf; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;>

MuhahJ fUkkhw;Wgtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

ehd;fhk; ghjk;

fy;tp> mwpT> Gj;jpf;$u;ik cs;stu;fshfTk;> FLk;gj;jtu;>

cwtpdu;fs;> ez;gu;fs; MfpNahiu kjpj;J elg;gtu;fshfTk;>

jhdjUkq;fspy; tpUg;G cilatu;fsh fTk;> gapu;r;nra;ifapy;

Mu;tk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> jpUg;jp ,y;yhjtu;fs; MfTk;

,Ug;ghu;fs;.

Nutjp : Kjyhk; ghjk;

fy;tpawpT cs;stu;fshfTk;> gpwupd; Ngr;irf; Nfshjtu;fshfTk;>

FLk;gj;jpdupy; mjpf gw;Wf; nfhz;ltu;shfTk;>

fyfyg;ghdtu;fshfTk;> rpwpa tplaq;fisAk;> ngupjhf vLj;J

tpthjpf;Fk; jd;ik nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

,uz;lhk; ghjk;

lxix

kpfTk; vspikahd tho;f;ifia tpUk;Ggtu;fshfTk;> MuhahJ

thjpl;L Kw;Nfhgj;jhy; fyfj;jpy; <LgLgtu;fshfTk;> jd;idg;

Gfo;gtu;fshfTk;> fu;tk;nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> nja;t ek;gpf;ifAk;>

Mrhu mDl;lhdq;fspy; gw;Wf; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

%d;whk; ghjk;

tho;f;ifapy; mbf;fb Jd;gq;fisr; re;jpg;gtuhfTk;> vjw;Fk;

czu;r;rp trg;gLgtuhfTk;> kw;wtu;fis kjpg;gtu;fshfTk;>

Kaw;rpapy;yhjtu;fshfTk;> gpwUf;Fj; jPq;Ffs; nra;gtu;fshfTk;>

FLk;gj;jtu; maytu;> ez;gu;fSld; Kuz;gLgtu;fshfTk;

,Ug;ghu;fs;.

ehd;fhk; ghjk;

ePjp>Neu;ik cilatu;fshfTk;> thf;Fj; jtwhjtu; fshfTk;> jhd

ju;kq;fs; nra;gtuhfTk;> kw;wtu;fspd; Jd;gq;fspy;

gq;Nfw;ghu;fshfTk;> vjpupfis ,yFtpy; ntw;wp nfhs;thu;fshfTk;>

rfy nrsfupaq;fisAk; jkJ Kaw;rpahy; Njbf; nfhs;gtu;fshfTk;

,Ug;ghu;fs;.

re;jpuuhrpg; gyd;

lxx

Nklk; : Nkluhrpapy; gpwe;jtu;fs;fs;> nry;tj;jpw;F cupatu;fsh thu;fs;>

fhzp>G+kp> epyGyd;fSf;F cupatu;fshfTk;> GfOk; fPu;j;jpAk;> mur

nfsutq;fSk; ngWthu;fs;. ,tu;fs; Raeyk; cilatu;fshfTk;>

Kd;NfhgpfshfTk;> kw;wtu;fisg; Gupe;J nfhs;shjtu;fshfTk;>

fy;tp> Nfs;tpfspy; rpwe;jtu;fsh fTk;> cau; gjtpfs;

tfpg;gtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

,lgk; :

,lguhrpapy; gpwe;jtu;fs;> njhopypy; rpwpJ Nrhk;gy; jd;ikAk;>

vijAk; myl;rpakhf Vw;Fk; gz;GfSk; nfhz;bUg;ghu;fs;.

fzpjj;ij tpUg;gpf; fw;ghu;fs;. myq;fhug; gpupau;fshd ,tu;fs;

Mil> Mguzq;fisr; Nru;g;gu;. rhj;jpu rk;gpujhaq;fspy;

ek;gpf;ifAk;> tpflkhd Nghf;Fk;> FLk;gj;jpy; gw;Wk;> gps;isfspd;

Kd;Ndw;wj;jpy; mjpf ftdKk; nfhz;bUg;ghu;fs;. nry;tk;>

nry;thf;Fg;> nghUs; gz;lq;fs; ,Ug;gpDk; fQ;ru;fshfNt

,Ug;ghu;fs;.

kpJdk; :

kpJd uhrpapy; gpwe;jtu;fs;> jpl;lkpl;Lr; nrayhw;Wtjpy;

ty;ytu;fshfTk;> fzpjj;jpy; Nju;r;rp ngw;wtu;fshfTk;> Ngr;R

ty;yik cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. jkJ nraiy Kbf;fj;

je;jpuq;fisr; nra;thu;fs;. Mrhu mDl;lhdq;fspy; ek;gpf;ifAk;>

lxxi

fz;bg;Gk;> <ahj jd;ikAk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> fiyfspy;

ty;ytu;fsh fTk;> jdte;ju;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

flfk; :

flfuhrpapy; gpwe;jtu;fs;> fy;tpapy; jpwikAk;> fyfyg;ghd RghtKk;>

Mrhu mDl;lhdq;fspy; msTf;F mjpfkhd gw;Wf;

nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> Raeyd; kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> Vkhw;Wg; Ngr;Rk;>

jpwikAk;> Gfioj; Njbr;nry;tgtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. md;G

fhl;LtjpYk; mf;fiw nfhs;tjpYk; fhupa khw;WtjpYk;> jpl;lkply;

,Uf;Fk;. kw;wtu;fis vspjpy; ek;gkhl;lhu;fs;. fhuzkpd;wp

ahUlDk; gofkhl;lhu;fs;. r%fj;jplk; ed;kjpg;Gg; ngwhjtu;fshfTk;

,Ug;ghu;fs;. jPa topfspy; nrhj;Jr; Nru;g;gJk;> gpwiu Vkhw;WtJk;

,tu;fSf;Ff; ifte;j fiy.

rp;k;kk; :

,e;j uhrpapy; gpwe;jtu;fs; vjw;Fk; mQ;rhj ijupak;

cilatu;fshfTk;> thf;F td;ikAk;> fy;tpapy; Nkd;ikAk;> rhj;jpu

rk;gpujhaq;fspy; ek;gpf;ifAk; cilatu;fshfTk;> GfOlDk;

nry;tj;JlDk;> r%fj;jpy; ed;kjpg;GlDk; tho;gtu;fshfTk;

,Ug;ghu;fs;. njhopypy; Cf;fKk;> nry;tk; Nru;g;gjpy; tpUg;Gk;

nfhz;l ,tu;fs; FLk;gj;jtu;fSld; kfpo;Tld; tho;thu;fs;.

Nkyhd gjtp tfpg;gtu;fs;> jpkpUk;> MztKk; nfhz;L kw;wtu;fis

kjpf;fhJ tho;thu;fs;.

fd;dp :

lxxii

,e;j ,uhrpapy; gpwe;Njhu; thahbfshfTk;> mfk;ghtk;

kpf;ftu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. nry;tj;ijg; ngw;wpUg;gpDk; mbf;fb

gzj;jl;Lg;ghL epyTk;. fy;tpawpTk;> jahs FzKk; nfhz;l

,tu;fs;> gpwUf;F cjtpfSk; MNyhridfSk; $Wthu;fs;. Mrhu

mDl;lhdq;fspy; ek;gpf;if nfhz;Ls;s ,tu;fs; gpwUf;F

cjTtjpy; tpUg;gKs;stu;fshf ,Ug;ghu;fs;. ngw;Nwhu;>

cwtpdu;fs;> ez;gu;fSf;fhfr; nryT nra;jNghJk; cjtp ngWNthu;

,tu;fis kjpf;f khl;lhu;fs;.

Jyhk; :

,e;j ,uhrpapy; gpwe;Njhu;> rfy trjpfisAk; nfhz;ltu;fshf

,Ug;ghu;fs;. nghUSf;Fj; jl;Lg;ghL Vw;glkhl;lhJ. Vw;gl;lhYk;

gpwu; typa te;J cjTthu;fs;. ngupa kdpju;fspd; cjtpAk;

xj;jhirfSk; ,tu;fSf;F vg;NghJk; ,Uf;Fk;. FLk;gg;

nghWg;Gs;stu;fshf ,Ug;ghu;fs;. nja;tek;gpf;if cs;s ,tu;fs;

cWjpahd kdKk;> cWjpahd Ngr;Rk;> fz;zpakhdNghf;Fk;

nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> mLj;jtu;fspd; tplaj;jpy;

jiyaplhjtu;fshfTk;> jdJ fUkq;fspy; mf;fiw


tpUl;rpfk; :

tpUl;rpf uhrpapy; gpwe;jtu;fs;> jhk; nra;a epidg;gij ed;F

jpl;lkpl;l gpd;Ng mtjhdj;Jld; nra;thu;fs;. kdj;ijupaKk;

clw;gyKk; nfhz;l ,tu;fs; ahiuAk; trPfukhfg; Ngrpf;fhupaj;ijr;

lxxiii

rhjpg;ghu;fs;. ey;y gz;G nfhz;l ,tu;fSf;F cjtg; gyu;

fhj;jpUg;ghu;fs;. ngupatu;fspd; kPJ tpRthrKk;> FLk;gj;jpd; kPJ

gw;Wk;> nfhz;l ,tu;fs; Mlk;gug; gpupau;fs;. Gfo;e;J Ngrpdhy;

kaq;fptpLthu;fs;. rz;il rr;ruTfis tpUk;g khl;lhu;fs;. Mdhy;

tUk; gpur;rpidfisj; ijupakhf vjpu;nfhs;tu;.

jDR :

rpWtajpypUe;Nj nry;tk;> nry;thf;F cs;stu;fsh fTk;> fy;tpawpT

kpf;ftu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. nja;t topghl;by; ek;gpf;ifAk;>

FLk;gj;jpy; tpRthrKk;> ngupatu;fspd; el;igAk; ngw;wpUg;ghu;fs;.

jkJ fhupaq;fisr; rhjpg;gjpy; ty;ytu;fshfTk;> cau; gjtpiag;

ngWtjpy; mf;fiw cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. md;ghd FLk;gk;

mikAk;. ,Wjpf;fhyk; tiu nry;tj;Jld; thOk; ,tu;fs;

Mlk;gug; gpupau;fs;. Raeyk; kpf;ftu;fs;.

kfuk; :

,e;j ,uhrpapy; gpwe;jtu;fs;> fy;tp> fiy> Nfs;tpfspy;

Nkd;ikAs;stu;fshfTk;> cau;e;j vz;zq;fis cilatu;f

shfTk;> nja;tgf;jp kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> me;j];Jf;F Vw;wtu;fNshL

el;Gk;> ngupatu;fspd; md;Gk; MjuTk; cs;stu;fshfTk;>

Neu;ikahd Ngr;Rk;> kjpg;ghd tho;Tk; nfhz;ltu;fshf ,Ue;jhYk;>

FLk;gj;jpy; mbf;fb Fog;gq;fs; cz;lhfpf; fyq;Fgtu;fshf

,Ug;ghu;fs;. jd;id kjpf;fhjtiu kjpf;fhj ,tu;fs; nra;a

lxxiv

epidg;gtw;iwr; nra;J Kbj;j gpd;Ng NtW tplaq;fspy; ftdk;

nrYj;Jthu;fs;. nry;tk; nry;thf;Fld; gpw;fhyj;jy; tho;thu;fs;.

Fk;gk; :

,e;j ,uhrpapy; gpwe;jtu;fs; fy;tpahsu;fshfTk;> Mrhu

mDl;lhdq;fis mDl;bg;gtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

fy;tpf;Nfw;wgb cau; gjtpfs; ngWtJ fbdkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;.

kw;wtu;fis kjpahj FzKk; gopthq;Fk; FzKk; nfhz;ltu;fshf

,Ug;ghu;fs;. jd;id msTf;F kPwp ek;Gk; jd;ikAk; mjdhy;

mtkhdkilAk; epiyAk; ,Uf;Fk;. FLk;gj;jpdu; vd;d nra;jhYk;

Fiw $Wgtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. ngz;fSldhd cwTfs;

gpur;rpidfisj; jUtjhf mikAk;.

kPdk; :

,e;j ,uhrpapy; gpwe;jtu;fs; kdJf;Fs; jpl;lkpl;L ,ufrpakhfj;

jdJ fhupaq;fisg; ghu;g;ghu;fs;. gpd; jhd; nra;j nray;fisf;$wpg;

ngUikg;gLthu;fs;. ez;gu;fspd; Nru;f;if Fiwthdjhf ,Uf;Fk;.

Ngr;rpd;gb tho khl;lhu;fs;. nrhd;dtw;iw clNd kwe;J

,d;ndhd;iwr; nrhy;thu;fs;. gzk; nghUs; Mil Mguzq;fspy;

kpf;f gpupaKs;stu;fshf ,Ug;ghu;fs;. gpwiu Vtpf; fUkk; Mw;wp

tho;thu;fs;. Kd;vr;rupf;ifAld; tho;e;jhYk; mbf;fb rpf;fy;fspy;

khl;bf; nfhs;thu;fs;.

lxxv

Nfhrhu gyd; jhd; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;ij tpl;L mLj;j ,lj;jpw;F xU fpufk;

nry;tjhy; kdpjDf;F Vw;glg;NghFk; gyidf; Nfhrhu gyd; vd;gu;.

xU Foe;ij gpwe;j Neuj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fpufq;fspd;

epiyiaf; fzpg;gJ rhjfk; vdg;gLk;. ,ijj; jrhGj;jp gyd; vd;Wk;

nrhy;tu;. fpufq;fs; vg;NghJk; mire;J nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.

mt;tirtpd; %yk; xU fpufk; xU tPl;by; ,Ue;J ,d;ndhU

tPl;bw;Fr; nry;Yk;. ,e;j ,lkhw;wj;jpd; gyd;fs; Nfhrhu gyd;

vdg;gLk;. mjdhy; xUtuJ vjpu;fhyg; gyidf;$Wtjw;F

[hjfj;ijAk; Nfhrhuj;ijAk; fzpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

[hjfj;jpYk; Nfhrhuj;jpYk; fpufq;fs; ey;y ,lq;fspy; ,Ue;jhy;

ey;y gyd;fs; rhjUf;F cz;lhFk;.

[hjfg; gyd; ed;whfTk; Nfhruhgyd; jPjhfTk; ,Ue;jhy; ey;y

gyd;fs; Fiwthdjhf ,Uf;Fk;.

[hjfg;gyd; ed;whf ,Ue;J Nfhrhu gyd; jPjhf ,Ue;jhYk; ey;y

gyid vjpu;ghu;f;f KbahJ.

fPOs;s gyd;fisg; ghu;f;F Kd; me;j tUlg; gQ;rhq;fj;ij vLj;Jf;

fpufq;fspd; epiyia mwpe;J nfhs;sTk;. FU xt;nthU uhrpapYk;

xU tUlk; rQ;rupg;ghu;. uhFTk; NfJTk; xU ,uhrpapy; xd;wiu

tUlq;fs; rQ;rupg;ghu;fs;. rdp xU uhrpapy; ,uz;liu tUlq;fs;

lxxvi

rQ;rupg;ghu;. ,jdhy; ,e;j ehy;tupd; gaNd cr;rkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

Voiur; rdpnad;gJ gd;dpuz;lhtJ> KjyhtJ ,uz;lhtJ

uhrpfspy; rdp rQ;rupg;gjhFk;. ,f;fhyk; ngUk;ghYk; Jd;gq;fs;

epiwe;jjhfNt ,Uf;Fk;.

rhjfj;jpy; re;jpud; cs;s ,uhrpf;Ff; fpufq;fspd; gyd;.

#upad; :

,yf;fpdj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> Neha; FLk;gf; f\;lk;> njhy;iyfs;>

tpNuhjk;> el;lk; cz;lhFk;.

,uz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> njhopypy; el;lk;> fhupaf;NfL> mfhy Nghrdk;>

FLk;gf; fyfk;> Neha; cz;lhFk;.

%d;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> gztUif> fhupa rpj;jp> Rgr;nryT> fld; t#y;>

kfpo;r;rp cz;lhFk;.

ehd;fpy; ,Ue;jhy;> ngz;fshy; Jd;gk;> mtkhdk;> gz tpuak;>

tWik> fhupaf; NfL cz;lhFk;.

lxxvii

Ie;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> giftuhy; njhy;iy> gzf;f\;lk;> FLk;g

tpNuhjk;> ez;gUld; gif> fhupaf;NfL cz;lhFk;.

Mwpy; ,Ue;jhy;> njhopy;tpUj;jp> gztuT> Mguzr; Nru;f;if>

ez;gu; cjtp> Mjhak; cz;lhFk;.

Vopy; ,Ue;jhy;> mbikg;gly;> njhopypy; rpf;fy;> mtkhdk;>

gzj;jl;Lg;ghL gif cz;lhFk;.

vl;by; ,Ue;jhy;> mur gak;> njhopy; ,og;G> tpNuhjk;> gzKil

giftuhy; Jd;gk; cz;lhFk;.

xd;gjpy; ,Ue;jhy;> tpgj;J> Kuz;ghL> tof;F> gzj;jl;Lg;ghL>

Neha; cz;lhFk;.

gj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> Kaw;rp gypjk;> njhopy; tpUj;jp> gztuT>

Rgr;nryT> Mguzr;Nru;f;if cz;lhFk;.

gjpndhd;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> tUkhdk; cau;T> njhopy; tpUj;jp> fhzp

G+kpr; Nru;f;if> Gj;jpuuhy; kfpo;r;rp cz;lhFk;.

gd;dpuz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> kdf;fpNyrk;> njhopy; khw;wk;> Jd;gk;>

gzf;f\;lk;> Neha; cz;lhFk;.

lxxviii

re;jpud;

,yf;fpdj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;>tpUe;jpdu; tUif> ngz;fshy; cjtp> epk;kjp>

gzr;Nru;f;if> FLk;gRfk;.

,uz;by;,Ue;jhy;> njhopw;NfL> FLk;gf;fyfk;> gzKil> gif>

fyfk;.

%d;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> jdyhgk;> Mil Mguzr;Nru;f;if> FLk;gj;jpy;

kfpo;r;rp> gifePq;fy;> kfpo;r;rp

ehd;fpy; ,Ue;jhy;> cwtpdu; gif> jd ehrk;> njhopw;NfL> giftupd;

njhy;iy> ,lkhw;wk;.

Ie;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> Neha; mjpfupj;jy;> fhupaf;NfL> kdf;Fog;gk;>

Gj;jpuuhy; ftiy> ngz;fshy; njhy;iy.

Mwpy; ,Ue;jhy;> gifePq;fy;> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp> jdtuT> t];jpu

yhgk;> tPL fl;ly;.

Vopy; ,Ue;jhy;>jdr; Nru;f;if> gpwehl;bduhy; cjtp> FLk;gRfk;>

fy;tpapy; Nkd;ik> Mguzr; Nru;f;if.

vl;by; ,Ue;jhy;> fyfk;. vjpupfshy; njhy;iy> ,lkhw;wk;.

fsTNghjy;> FLk;ggpupT.

lxxix

xd;gjpy; ,Ue;jhy;> jpUlu; gak;> Neha;j;jhf;fk;> gzf;f\;lk;>

tp\gak;> njhopypy; el;lk;.

gj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> gjtp cau;T> jdtuT> Neha; ePq;fy;> rupahd

,lkhw;wk;> kfpo;r;rp

gjpndhd;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> njhopypy; tUkhdk; mjpfupg;G> cwtpdu;

cjtp> kfpo;r;rp> vz;zpait if$ly;> Rfk;.

gd;dpuz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> fhupaj;jil> gif mjpfupj;jy;> kdf;Fog;gk;>

Kuz;ghL> gzj;jl;Lg;ghL.

nrt;tha; NfJ :

,yf;fpdj;jpy;,Ue;jhy;>giftuhy; njhy;iy> njhopw;NfL> epk;kjp

FiwT> el;lk;> Neha;

,uz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> Kuz;gly;> thf;Fthjk;> mur gak;> giftuhy;

njhy;iy.

%d;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> nja;t mDf;fpufk;> jdtuT> fhuparpj;jp> rj;JU

Iak;> FLk;geyk;.

ehd;fpy; ,Ue;jhy;> tp\gak;> fld;gly;> Neha;> tuTf;fjpfkhd

nryT> FLk;gf; f\;lk;.

lxxx

Ie;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gj;jpy; Fog;gk;> murgak;> vjpupfshy;

njhy;iy> njhopyp;y; el;lk;> tpgj;J

Mwpy; ,Ue;jhy;> nghUl;Nru;f;if> fhzp> G+kp NrUjy;> vjpupfs;

cjty;> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp> trjpahd ,lhw;wk;.

Vopy; ,Ue;jhy;> miyr;ry;> jpUlu;gak;> FLk;gf;fyfk;> rj;JUgPil>

njhopypy; el;lk;.

vl;by; ,Ue;jhy;> tpgj;J Nehahy; nryT> jP> tp\gak;> Jd;gk; jUk;

,lkhw;wk;> kdf;Fog;gk;

xd;gjpy; ,Ue;jhy;> nghUs; ,og;G> gzf;f\;lk; Nehahy; mtjp>

FLk;geyd; ghjpg;G> Njhy;tp.

gj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> fhupaj;jil> jpUlu;gak;> Njhy;tpahjp> kdf;Fog;gk;>

tpgj;J.

gjpndhd;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> jdyhgk;> Rgr;nryT> fhupa ntw;wp> Mil

Mguzr; Nru;f;if> tpUk;gpait epiwNtwy;.

gd;dpuz;by; ,Ue;jhy;>

gpj;jNuhfk;> gw;ww;w epiy> tPz;fyfk;> njhopypy; rpf;fy;> Kuz;ghL. Gjd;

,yf;fzj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> njhopw;NfL> FLk;gj;jpy; fyfk; Ntz;lhj

,lkhw;wk;> gpupT> gzr;nryT>

lxxxi

,uz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> Kd;Nfhgk;> Kuz;ghL> mtkhdk;> J}uNjrthrk;>

mbikg;gly;>

%d;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> vjpupfshy; Jd;gk;> FLk;gj;jpy; fyfk;> murgak;>

njhopw;NfL> gzj;jl;Lg;ghL.

ehd;fpy; ,Ue;jhy;> gzr;Nru;f;if> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp> epidj;jit

epiwNtwy;> ez;gu; cjtp> epidj;jit eilngWk;.

Ie;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gg;gpupT> tpNuhjk;> Kd;Nfhgk;> tof;F> J}uNjr

thrk;.

Mwpy; ,Ue;jhy;> gjtp cau;T> njhopy; tpUj;jp> gzr;Nru;f;if>

epidj;jit eilngWk;. FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp.

Vopy; ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gg;gpupT. Kuz;ghL> jdtpiuak;> njhopypy;

gpur;rpid> giftu; njhy;iy.

vl;by; ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp> jdyhgk;> n[gk;> G+kpNru;f;if>

ez;gu; cjtp.

xd;gjpy; ,Ue;jhy;> Nehahy; njhy;iy> gztpiuak;> kdf;fyfk;>

gpupT> ez;gu; tpNuhjk;.

lxxxii

gj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp> nry;tk; Nru;jy;> njhopy;

tpUj;jp> FLk;gRfk;> Gj;jpug;NgW.

gjpndhd;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> gyupd; cjtp fpilj;jy;> Neha; mfYjy;>

fhupa rpj;jp> FLk;g kfpo;r;rp> njhopy; tpUj;jp.

gd;dpuz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> vjpYk; Njhy;tp> md;Gilatiug;

tpNuhjpj;jy;> Neha;> FLk;gf; f\;lk;> gpupT

FU

,yf;fpdj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> Nrhk;gy;> Kd;Nfhgk;> gifia tsu;j;jy;>

epiykhw;wk;> kdf;Fog;gk;.

,uz;by; ,Ue;jhy;>fhuparpj;jp> nghUs;Nru;f;if> giftu; gzpjy;>

njhopy; tpUj;jp> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp.

%d;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> njhy;iy> njhopy; ,og;G> Kuz;gLjy;>

gzj;jl;Lg;ghL> md;ghdtiug; gifj;jy;.

ehd;fpy; ,Ue;jhy;> Neha;tha;g;gly;> cwtpdu; tpNuhjk;> Kd;Nfhgk;>

,lkhw;wk;> gzf;f\;lk;.

Ie;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> ngz;fshy; cjtp> Gj;jpuuhy; kfpo;r;rp> Rgfhupak;

elj;jy;> Mlk;gur;nryT> fhupar;rpj;jp.

lxxxiii

Mwpy; ,Ue;jhy;> kfpo;r;rpapd;ik> J}uNjr thrk;> Neha;tha;g;gly;>

gzKil> epk;kjpf;FiwT

Vopy; ,Ue;jhy;> Gfoiljy;> nry;tr;Nru;fif> fhuparpj;jp> ngupNahu;

cjtp> njhopy; tpUj;jp.

vl;by; ,Ue;jhy;> jLkhw;wk;> nfhba Neha;fshy; mtjp>

gzr;nryT> mbikg;gly;> Kd;Nfhgj;jhy; Jd;gk;.

xd;gjpy; ,Ue;jhy;> jdr;Nru;f;if> FLk;g kfpo;r;rp> njhopypy; tpUj;jp>

epidj;j fhupak; rpj;jp> nfhz;lhl;lk;.

gj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> njhopy; ,og;G> giftupd; jhf;Fjy;> FLk;gf;

fyfk;> Gj;jpu tpNuhjk;> epiy jLkhw;wk;.

gjpndhd;wpy;,Ue;jhy;> njhopy; tpUj;jp> nry;tr;Nru;f;if> FLk;gj;jy;

kfpo;r;rp> epidj;jit eilngwy;>gjtp cau;T.

gd;dpuz;by; ,Uj;jhy;> trjpaw;w ,lkhw;wk;> gw;ww;w epiy>

jpUlu;gak;> nghUs; ,og;G> tpNuhjk;.

Rf;fpud;

,yf;fzj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> ngz;fshy; cjtp> epk;kjp> FLk;g kfpo;r;rp>

r%fj;jpy; kjpg;G> jdr;Nru;f;if.

lxxxiv

,uz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> Gfo;> kjpg;G cauy;> mjp\;lk;> jdyhgk;>

FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp

%d;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> gjtp cau;T> njhopy; tpUj;jp> Gj;jpug;NgW>

ngupNahu; cjtp> MNuhf;fpak;.

ehd;fpy; ,Ue;jhy;> nry;tr;Nru;f;if> cwtpdu; cjtp> njhopy; tpUj;jp>

kjpg;G cau;jy;> kfpo;r;rp.

Ie;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> jdyhgk;> gioa fld; t#y;> FLk;g kfpo;r;rp>

trjpahd ,lkhw;wk;> ngupNahu; cjtp.

Mwpy; ,Ue;jhy;> njhopypy; el;lk;> fhupaj;jil> Kuz;ghL> J}uNjr

thrk;>

Vopy; ,Ue;jhy;> ngz;fshy; Jd;gk;> mtkhdk;> fhupaf;NfL> tPz;gop

Nfl;ly;> gzr;nryT.

vl;by; ,Ue;jhy;> fhzp>G+kp>Nru;jy;> Mlk;gu kid mikj;jy;>

FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp> gjtp cau;T> njhopy; tpUj;jp.

xd;gjpy; ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp> ngz;fshy; cjtp>

jdr;Nru;fif> G+kp thq;Fjy;> epidj;jit elj;jy;.

gj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> mtkhdk;> epiy jLkhw;wk;> ngz;fshy;

cgj;jputk;> gzKil> njhopy; ,og;G.

lxxxv

gjpndhd;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> epidj;jit epiwNtwy;> njhopy; tpUj;jp>

nry;tr;Nru;f;if> ngz;fshy; cjtp> FJ}fyk;.

gd;dpuz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> nry;tr;Nru;fif> fhzp>G+kp thq;Fjy;>

tof;fpy; ntw;wp> njhopypy; rpwg;G> ez;gu; cjtp.

rdp> uhF

,yf;fpdj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> jpUlu;gak;>mf;fpdpahy; nghUs; mopT>

,lkhw;wk;> ez;gu; gif> mtkhdk;.

,uz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gf;fyfk;> nghUs; ,og;G> Kuz;ghL>

Nfhgg;gly;> njhopy; ,og;G.

%d;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> njhopypy; ngUntw;wp> vjpupfis nty;tu;>

fhuparpj;jp> jdr;Nru;f;if> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp.

ehd;fpy; ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gg;gpupT> kdr;rQ;ryk;> jhahu;

Neha;tha;g;gly;> Kuz;ghL> J}uNjr thrk;.

Ie;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gg;gpupT> jdr;Nrjk;> njhopw;NfL>

Neha;tha;g;gly;> kdr;rQ;ryk;.

lxxxvi

Mwpy; ,Ue;jhy;> fhupa rpj;jp> nry;tr;Nru;f;if> gpupe;jtu; Nruy;>

njhopy; tpUj;jp> ngupNahu; cjtp.

Vopy; ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gj;jpy; fyfk;> jPNahupd; el;G> gzr;nryT>

kdr;rQ;ryk;> mtkhdk;.

vl;by; ,Ue;jhy;> njhopw;NfL> gzKil> FLk;gg;gpupT ,lkhw;wk;>

kdf;fpNyrk;>

xd;gjpy; ,Ue;jhy;> fhupaj;jil> jPNahu; Nru;f;if> mbikg;gly;>

kdf;fpNyrk;> gzKil

gj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> mtkhdk;> njhopypy; rpf;fy;> ngz;fshy; Jd;gk;>

kfpo;r;rpf; FiwT fhupaj;jil.

gjpndhd;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> jdyhgk;> njhopy; tpUj;jp> fhzp

G+kpr;Nru;f;if> Gfo;ngw;w FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp.

gd;dpuz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> gy;NtW Jd;gq;fshy; njhopy; ,og;G>

thf;F thjk;> J}uNjrthrk;> gzf;f\;lk;>

yf;fpd tPL Kjy; gd;dpuz;L ghtq;fspYk; fpufq;fs;

epw;Fk; gyd;

lxxxvii

xUtu; gpwf;Fk; NghJ cs;s fpufq;fspd; rQ;rhu gyd;. rhjfj;jpy;

cs;sgb

yf;fpd tPL

#upad; ,Ue;jhy;. MNuhf;fpak;> ijupak;> nja;tgf;jp> Mrhu

mDl;lhdq;fspy; ek;gpf;if> fz;ghu;itf; FiwT vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

re;jpud; ,Ue;jhy;> tsu;gpiwr; re;jpudhy; MNuhf;fpak;> gf;jp> tpj;ij

tpUj;jp> Nkd;ik cz;L. Nja;gpiwr; re;jpudhy; ,it khwp mikAk;.

nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy;> Kw;Nfhgk;> jPNahu; Nru;f;if> tpjz;lhthjk;>

c\;zNeha;fs; vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

Gjd; ,Ue;jhy;> trPfukhd Ngr;R> fy;tpapy; Nkd;ik> MAs; tpUj;jp>

ju;k rpe;jid vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

FU ,Ue;jhy;> jdk;NrUk;> MAs; tpUj;jp> fy;tpapy; Nkd;ik>

fiyfspy; tpUg;G vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy;> MAs; tpUj;jp> FLk;gj;jpy; gw;W> cau; gjtp>

ngupNahu; cjtp vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

rdp ,Ue;jhy;> MAs; tpUj;jp> Kuz;ghL> f\;lk;> Nrhk;gy;>

gpbthjk;> Kw;Nfhgk; vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

lxxxviii

uhF ,Ue;jhy;> nja;t ek;gpf;if FiwT> Foe;ijg; Ngwpd;ik>

kdf;Fog;gk;> vd;gd cz;L.

NfJ ,Ue;jhy;> Foe;ijr; nry;tk; FiwT> Neu;ik cz;ik> ijupak;

vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

,uz;lhk; tPL> ,e;j tPl;il jd];jhdk;> thf;F];jhdk; vd;Wk;

$Wtu;.

#upad;,Ue;jhy;>jpy;YKy;Yfisr; nra;jy;> Kuz;gLjy;>

tPz;thu;j;ij NgRjy; vd;gd ,lk;ngWk;.

re;jpud; ,Ue;jhy;> thf;Ftd;ik> Nkd;ikahd fy;tp> kjpg;G> Gfo;

vd;gd ,lk;ngWk;.

nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy;> Kd;Nfhtk;> thf;Fthjk;> fyfk; cz;lhFk;.

Gjd; ,Ue;jhy;> nry;tr;Nru;f;if> thf;F trPfuk;> ey;y FLk;gk;

vd;gd mikAk;.

FU ,Ue;jhy;> ey;y FLk;gk; mikjy;> jdk; NrUk;> Gfo; kjpg;G

vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

rdp ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gf; f\;lk;> ngha;> Vkhw;Wjy;> rydk; vd;gd

cilatu;fshtu;.

lxxxix

Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy;> MAs;tpUj;jp> jdr;Nru;f;if> ey;y FLk;gk;

mikAk;.

uhF ,Ue;jhy;> Kw;Nfhgk;> ju;fg;gly;> jpf;Ftha;> mtkhdk; vd;gd

cz;lhFk;.

NfJ ,Ue;jhy;> tPz; rz;il> rr;ruTfs;> tuTf;F Nkyhd nryT>

fz; Neha;fshy; ghjpg;G vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

%d;whk; tPL>

#upad; ,Ue;jhy;> nry;tk;> nry;thf;F ijupak; guhf;fpukk; vd;gd

,Uf;Fk;.

re;jpud; ,Ue;jhy;> rNfhjuu;fshy; cjtpfs;> nry;tk;> kfpo;r;rp vd;gd

fpilf;Fk;.

nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy;> jdk; NrUk;> rNfhjuu;fshy; cgj;jputk; Nfl;ly;

FiwghL vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

Gjd; ,Ue;jhy;> rNfhjuu; kPJ gw;Wk; ghrKk;> kfpo;Ts;stu;fshfTk;

,Ug;gu;.

FU ,Ue;jhy;> tPz;thu;j;ij Ngry;> re;Njfk;> kdf;Fog;gk; vd;gd

,Uf;Fk;.

Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy;> mbf;fb NehAz;lhFk;. tWik> re;Njhrf;FiwT

vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

xc

rdp ,Ue;jhy;> MAs; tpUj;jp> ijupak;> kjpg;G> jdk; vd;gd

,Uf;Fk;.

uhF ,Ue;jhy;> jplkhd kdk;> mwpT> MAs; tpUj;jp vd;gd

,Uf;Fk;.

NfJ ,Ue;jhy;> Mrhuk;> nja;t gf;jp> nry;tk;> kdj;jplk; vd;gd

,Uf;Fk;.

ehd;fhk; tPL

#upad; ,Ue;jhy; > jhahUf;Ff; nfLjy;> kdf;Fog;gk;> tPz; gif

vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

re;jpud; ,Ue;jhy;@ fhzp> G+kp thfdk; NrUk;. jhahUf;F nfLjy;

vd;gd cz;L.

nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy; > tPL> fhzp> G+kp Mguzq;fs; NrUk;. jhahupd;

cly;eyk; ghjpg;gilAk;.

Gjd; ,Ue;jhy; > Nkd;ik> Gfo;> jdk;> thf;Ftd;ik vd;gd cz;L.

FU ,Ue;jhy; > fy;tpapy; Nkd;ik> jhahupd; md;G> Rfkhd tho;T

cz;lhFk;.

xci

Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy; > tPL> G+kp> thfdk;> yr;Rkpfuk;> fy;tpapy;

Nkd;ik cz;L. khstNahfKk; cz;L.

rdp ,Ue;jhy; > jhahUf;F Neha;> fy;tpapy; mf;fiwapd;ik> fhzp

G+kpfis tpw;wy; Nghd;wd cz;lhFk;. rdp nrhe;j tPl;by; my;yJ

cr;rk; ngw;wpUe;jhy; rrNahfk; cz;lhFk;.

uhF ,Ue;jhy;> ke;j Gj;jpAk; Nrhk;gYk; mf;fiwapd;ikAk; ,Uf;Fk;.

Nahff; fpufq;fspd; ghu;it ,Ue;jhy; ey;y gyd;fs; gyTk;

cz;lhFk;.

NfJ ,Ue;jhy; > jhahUf;F NehAz;lhFk;. fy;tpapy; Nkd;ik

fiyfspy; ty;yik vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

Ie;jhk; tPL > ,e;j tPl;ilg; Gj;jpu ];jhdk; vd;Wk;> G+u;t Gz;zpa

jhdk; vd;Wk; $Wtu;.

#upad; ,Ue;jhy; > Gj;jpu Njh\k;> kfpo;r;rpapd;ik> gzj;jl;Lg;ghL

vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

re;jpud; ,Ue;jhy; > fy;tpapy; Nkd;ik> cau;e;j gjtp> kfpo;thd

tho;T cz;lhFk;.

nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy;> gps;isfSf;F Neha;> fy;tpf;FiwT>

kdf;Fog;gk; vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

xcii

Gjd; ,Ue;jhy;> Nkd;ik> rpwg;G> nja;tgf;jp> Nkyhd fy;tp vd;gd

cz;lhFk;.

FU ,Ue;jhy;> gps;isfshy; Jd;gk;> Nkyhd fy;tp> fiyfspy;

tpUg;G vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy; Nkyhd nry;tk;> Gj;jpug;NgW> jhuhs kdg;ghq;F

vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

rdp ,Ue;jhy;>kdf;Fog;gk;> gzKil> Gj;jpuuhy; Jd;gk; vd;gd

Vw;gLk;.

uhF ,Ue;jhy; > Gj;jpuu; FiwT> kdf;f\;lk;> Fog;gk; vd;gd

cz;lhFk;.

NfJ ,Ue;jhy;> jy ahj;jpiu nra;jy;> jhdju;kk; nra;jy;> Nkyhd

fy;tp vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

Mwhk; tPL

#upad; ,Ue;jhy;> nrsghf;fpak;> trjp tha;g;G> Nahfk; vd;gd

cz;L.

re;jpud; ,Ue;jhy;> kjpg;G> kupahij> r%fj;jpd; kjpg;G> G+uz MAs;

vd;gd cz;L.

xciii

nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy;> rj;JU n[ak;> G+uz MAs;> fPu;j;jp> nry;tk;

vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

Gjd; ,Ue;jhy;> tPz; thu;j;ij NgRjy;> mtkhdg;gly; Nrhk;gy;

vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

FU ,Ue;jhy; >rka rk;gpujhaq;fspy; ek;gpf;if> jyahj;jpiu> rkag;

gpurhuk; nra;jy; vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy; > ePuhy; fz;lk;> Kaw;rpapd;ik> vjpupfshy;

njhy;iy> nghWg;gpd;ik vd;gd cz;lhk;.

rdp ,Ue;jhy; > ijupak;> fy;tp Nfs;tpfspy; kpFe;jpUj;jy;> jdk;.

rj;JU Iak; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

uhF ,Ue;jhy; > jdr;Nru;f;if> MAs; tpUj;jp> Rftho;T vd;gd

cz;lhk;.

NfJ ,Ue;jhy; > vjpupfis mlf;fy;> jPu;f;f MAs; nry;tk;>

nry;thf;Fz;L.

Vohk; tPL

#upad; ,Ue;jhy;> fhupaj;jil> Neha;> FLk;gj;jpy; fyfk;> Jl;lupd;

rfthrk; fPohd epiy.

xciv

re;jpud; ,Ue;jhy; > Nkd;ik> epidj;j fhupar; rpj;jp> kidtpahy;

Rfk; cz;L.

nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy;> fsj;jpu Njhrk;> fld;gly;> Neha;j; jhf;fk;>

Jd;gk; cz;L.

Gjd; ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gRfk; kidtp topahy; nghUs; tuT> Rfkhd

tho;T fhuparpj;jp cz;L.

FU ,Ue;jhy;> kidtp topahy; nghUs; Nru;f;if> thfd Rfk;>

gztuT> Gj;jpu ghf;fpak;> kfpo;r;rp cz;L.

Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy; > nry;tk; Nruy;> ngz;fshy; cjtp> maytuhy;

Jd;gk;> tpguPjk;> rydGj;jp cz;L.

rdp ,Ue;jhy; > gzKil> vjpYk; Njhy;tp> FNuhjk;> epk;kjpf;FiwT

cz;L.

uhF ,Ue;jhy; > Gj;jpuNjh\k;> njhopypy; el;lk;> ngz;fshy; Jd;gk;>

fsj;jpuNjh\k; cz;L.

NfJ ,Ue;jhy; > FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rpapd;ik> ngz;fshy; mtkhdk;>

Nrhk;gy;> Gj;jpuNjhrk;.

xcv

vl;lhk; tPL> #upad; ,Ue;jhy;> mw;g MAs;> kdf;Fog;gk;>

Nej;jpuNuhfk;> Kw;Nfhgk;.

re;jpud; ,Ue;jhy; > nghUl;nryT> Nej;jp;uNuhfk;> ePuhy; fz;lk;>

Neha; cghij. nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy;> fsj;jpuNjh\k;> mw;g MAs;>

vjpupfshy; ed;ik> tpgj;J.

Gjd; ,Ue;jhy; > jPu;f;fhAs;> gzr;Nru;f;if> kjpg;G> Gfo; nja;t

ek;gpf;if.

FU ,Ue;jhy; > jPu;f;fhAs;> gzk; Nru;jy;> Gfo;> kjpg;G>

Gj;jpuhup\;lk;.

Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy;> fy;tp> fiy> rhj;jpuq;fspy; Nkd;ik> jPu;f;fhAs;>

jdr;Nru;f;if.

rdp ,Ue;jhy; > epiy jLkhw;wk;> jPu;f;fhAs;> njhopypd;ik>

jdtpuak;.

uhF ,Ue;jhy; > tp\gak;> tpgj;J> gztpiuak;> Fog;gk;. NfJ

,Ue;jhy;> kidtpf;F Neha;> FLk;gf; fyfk; my;yJ gpupT> Gj;jpuf;

FiwT.

xd;gjhk; tPL

,ij G+u;tGz;zpa ];jhdk;> ghf;fpa];jhdk; vd;Wk; nrhy;tu;.

xcvi

#upad; ,Ue;jhy;> jdk; NrUk;> ju;kj;jpy; tpUg;G Kd;Nfhgk;> FLk;g

kfpo;r;rp vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

re;jpud; ,Ue;jhy; mjpfgps;isfs;> mwpQu;fshf ,Uj;jy;> fy;tpapy;

Nkk;ghL> yl;Rkp flhl;rk;> Gfo; vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy; > gpjhTf;F Neha; nehbfs;> jPa ez;gu; Nru;f;if>

gpd; mopT> Neha; vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

Gjd; ,Ue;jhy; > fy;tpapy; rpwg;G> Nkd;ik> Gfo;> cau;e;j ];jhdk;>

jdk; vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

FU ,Ue;jhy; > Gj;jpf;$u;ik> ew;Gj;jpuu;> nry;tk; nry;thf;F fhzp

G+kp vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy; > gzk;> nfsutk;> cau;e;j gjtp> FLk;g Rfk;

vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

rdp ,Ue;jhy;> jPaFzq;fs;> Kuz;gLjy;> tWik> gpjhthy; nryT

vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

uhF ,Ue;jhy; > Mil Mguzk;> fhzp> G+kpr; Nru;f;if> Gj;jpuuhy;

ftiy vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

xcvii

NfJ ,Ue;jhy; > tWik> njhopy; f\;lk;> FLk;g fyfk;> ngupahupd;

ntWg;G vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

gj;jhk; tPL> ,ijj; njhopw; ];jhdk; vd;W nrhy;tu;.

#upad; ,Ue;jhy;. jdthd;> njhopypy; jpwik> cau;e;j gjtp vd;gd

,Uf;Fk;.

re;jpud; ,Ue;jhy; >ey;y Fzq;fs;> jUk rpe;ij> jhdk;> fy;tpapy;

Nkd;ik vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy; > fy;tpapy; Nkd;ik> nghUs; cilik> Gfo;>

nja;t ek;gpf;if vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

Gjd; ,Ue;jhy; > jdthd;> rj;jpathd;> gyKs;std;> Gj;jpuu;fis

cilatdhf ,Ug;ghd;.

FU ,Ue;jhy;> jiyik jhq;Fk; gz;G> Gfo;> cau;e;j fy;tp> jdk;

vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy; > Nkyhd gjtp> Nkw;gbg;G> ey;y FLk;gk;>

nry;tk; vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

rdp ,Ue;jhy; > ngUk; cau;gjtp> fhuparpj;jp> nry;tk;> Gfo; vd;gd

,Uf;Fk;.

xcviii

uhF ,Ue;jhy;> Gj;jpuu; FiwT> jdk;> nja;t ek;gpf;if> kjpg;G

vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

NfJ ,Ue;jhy; > murkjpg;G. jhd ju;ktpUg;G> nry;tk;> tpNtfk;

vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

gjpndhuhk; tPL

#upad; ,Ue;jhy; > gpjhTf;F Neha;> jPu;f;fhAs;> kd kfpo;r;rp> nry;tk;

vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

re;jpud; ,Ue;jhy; > tha;ik> jhd ju;k tpUg;G> nry;tk;> ey;y

FLk;gk; vd;gd mikAk;.

nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy; > gpjhTf;Ff; f\;lk;> nry;tk;> kfpo;r;rp

ew;gps;isfs; vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

Gjd; ,Ue;jhy;> jPu;f;fhAs;> nry;tk;> fPu;j;jp> Nkd;ik vd;gd

,Uf;Fk;.

FU ,Ue;jhy; > nfsutk;> Gfo;> jdk;> cau;e;j gjtp> nghJ

rdkjpg;G vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy; > nry;tk;> nry;thf;F> jhd ju;k tpUg;G> nja;t

ek;gpf;if vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

xcix

rdp ,Ue;jhy; > MNuhf;fpak;> nry;tk;> jPu;f;fhAs;> je;jpuk;> tpflk;

vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

uhF ,Ue;jhy; > gpjhTf;F Neha;> nry;tk;> kdf;Fog;gk;> FLk;g

Rfkpd;ik Mfpad ,Uf;Fk;.

NfJ ,Ue;jhy; @ ,uf;fk;> ju;k rpe;jid> flTs; gf;jp> Gfo; vd;gd

,Uf;Fk;.

gd;dpuz;lhk; tPL > ,ij tpuha];jhdk;> Nkhl;r ];jhdk; vd;Wk;

$Wtu;.

#upad; ,Ue;jhy;> gpjhTf;F Neha;> tWik> ghu;itf; FiwghL>

kdj;ijupak; vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

re;jpud; ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gj;ij tpl;L ePq;fp ,Uj;jy;> jdk;> Mrhuk;

vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy;> jPatu; Nru;f;if> Fw;wg;gly;> tPz; thu;j;ijfs;

NgNry;> Vkhw;Wjy; Mfpad ,Uf;Fk;.

Gjd; ,Ue;jhy;> nry;tk;> Gfo;>kjpg;G cz;L. kdjpy; F&uk; ,Uf;Fk;.

FU ,Ue;jhy; > mwpT> Gfo;> fy;tpapy; Nkd;ik nry;tk; Mfpad

,Uf;Fk;.

c

Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy; > ngz;fspd; cjtp> el;G> nry;tk;> nry;thf;F

vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

rdp ,Ue;jhy; > vjpupfspd; njhy;iy> Neha;> fQ;rj;jdk;> Kw;Nfhgk;

vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

uhF ,Ue;jhy; > tp\gak;> tuTf;F kPwpa nryT> tWik nja;t

gf;jp> vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

NfJ ,Ue;jhy; > fy;tp Nfs;tpfspy; Nkd;ik> Ngr;R td;ik> Qhdk;

Nkhl;rk; vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

Nfhrhuj;jpy; FUtpd; gyd;

n[d;kj;jpy; FU ,Ue;jhy;> mur gak;> tof;Ffs;> tpgj;Jf;fs;>

tWik> kdNtjid> FLk;gj;jpy; Fog;gk;> gif vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

%d;wpw; FU ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gg; gpupT> tUkhdf; FiwT>

gps;isfshy; gpur;rpid> ez;gu; Rw;wj;jpdUld; Kuz;gly; vd;gd

cz;lhFk;.

ehd;fpy; FU ,Ue;jhy;> gjtp khw;wk;> mtkhdk;> nry;t mopT>

FLk;gf;fyfk;> tPz; gif> ngupNahiug; gifj;jy; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

ci

Mwpy; FU ,Ue;jhy;@ tpgj;Jf;fs;> tuTf;F kPwpa nryT> tPz;gop

Nfl;ly;> Kuz;ghL> gif mjpfupj;jy;> FLk;gg; gpur;rpid vd;gd

Vw;gLk;.

vl;by; FU ,Ue;jhy;@ Gfo;> nfsutk;> gjtp Kjypad nfLk;.

cw;whu; giftuhtu;> ngw;Nwhu; ntWg;gu;> fhzp> G+kpfshy; tof;F

Vw;gLk;.

gj;jpy; FU ,Ue;jhy; : epiy khw;wk;> mQ;Qhdthrk;>

gzj;jl;Lg;ghL> FLk;gg;gpupT> nghUl;fis tpw;wy;> kdf;Fog;gk;

vd;gd Vw;gLk;.

gd;dpuz;by; FU ,Ue;jhy;> gzr;nryT> gjtp cau;Tfs;

fpilahik>Vkhw;wk;> ngupNahupd; ntWg;G vd;gd Vw;gLk;.

FU> 2>5>7>9>11 ,y; ,Ue;jhy; Nkd;ik> Gfo;> nry;tr; Nru;f;if>

trjpahd ,lkhw;wk;> gjtp cau;T> jpUkzk;> Gj;jpug;NgW>

mjp\;lk;> fhzp> G+kp thq;Fjy; myq;fhukhd kid mikjy;

vd;gd ,lk;ngWk;.

FU ,uz;lhkplj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> epidj;jit eilngWk;> gztuT>

kfpo;r;rpahd ,lkhw;wk;> gjtp cau;T> nfsutk;> kjpg;G cauy;>

mur cjtpfs; fpilj;jy;> gps;isfshy; ,d;gk; vd;gd fpl;Lk;.

cii

FU Ie;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> ntspehl;L cjtp> ntspehL nry;yy;>

guPl;irapy; rpj;jp> tof;Ffspy; ntw;wp> fhzp> G+kp> Mguzq;fs;

Nru;f;if. epidj;jit epiwNtwy; vd;gd eilngWk;.

FU Vopy; ,Ue;jhy;> nghd;> nghUs; Mil Mguzr; Nru;f;if>

nfsutk;> kjpg;G cauy;> gzk;> fhzp> G+kp Nru;f;if>fiyQu;fSf;F

tpUJfs; fpilj;jy;> gjtp cau;T. epidj;jit eilngwy; Mfpad

epfOk;.

FU xd;gjpy; ,Ue;jhy;> gy topfshYk; gzk; Nruy;> kq;fs

fhupaq;fs; eilngwy;> Gjpa kid mikj;jy;> fhzp> G+kp thq;Fjy;>

gjtp cau;T> nfsutk; kjpg;G cauy;> Neha; ePq;Fjy; vd;gd

eilngWk;.

FU gjpndhd;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> ez;gu;> ,drd cjtp fpilj;jy;>

nghUs; Nruy;> mjp\;lyhgr; rPl;bd; %yk; gzk; Nruy;> fhzp> G+kp>

Nruy;> ngw;Nwhupd; nrhj;Jf;fs; Nruy;> murkjpg;Gf;fs; fpilj;jy;

vd;gd eilngWk;.

Nfhrhuj;jpy; rdpapd; gyd;

n[d;kj;jpy; rdp ,Ue;jhy;: Neha;> tWik> mjpf nryT> tpgj;Jf;fs;>

miyr;ry; vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.

ciii

,uz;by;rdp ,Ue;jhy;: tpgj;J> tp\gak; gzj;jl;Lg;ghL> tof;F>

jho;e;j epiy vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

ehd;fpy;rdp ,Ue;jhy;: FLk;gg; gpupT> giftuhy; njhy;iy>

mbikg;gly;> gzj;jl;Lg;ghL> ez;gu;> vjpupahjy; vd;gd

cz;lhFk;.

Vopy; rdp ,Ue;jhy;: FLk;gj;jpy; fyfk;> kidtp Neha;tha;g;gly;>

Gj;jpuuhy; ftiy> kdf;Fog;gk; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

vl;by; rdp ,Ue;jhy;> fhupaj;jil> njhopypy; Fog;gk;> tpahjp>

tWik> gak;> Kuz;ghL vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

gj;jpy; rdpapUe;jhy;> Neha; mjpfupj;jy;> kdg;gak;> mjpf nryT>

fhupaj;jil> ngz;fshy; cgj;jputk; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

gd;dpuz;by; rdp ,Ue;jhy; > jupj;jpuk;> Fiw Nfl;ly;> tuTf;F kPwpa

nryT> tof;F> njhopy; rpf;fy;> Kaw;rp gypahik> ngupNahupd;

ntWg;G vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

xU kdpjdpd; rhjfj;jpy; re;jpud; cs;s ,uhrpf;F 12>1>2 ,y;

rdpgfthd; rQ;rupf;Fk; NghJ Voiur;rdp eilngWk;. ,f;fhyk;

kpfTk; f\;lkhd fhykhFk;. nja;t ek;gpf;ifAld; tho;e;jhy;

rpwpjsthtJ MWjy; fpilf;Fk;.

civ

%d;whk;> Mwhk;> gjpndhuhk; ,lq;fspy; rdpgfthd; tUk; NghJ

rhjfu;fSf;F vy;iyapy;yhj ,d;gq;fis ms;spf; nfhLg;ghu;.

,f;fhyq;fs; rhjfu;fSf;Fg; nghd;dhd fhyq;fshFk;.

%d;wpy; rdp ,Ue;jhy;> fy;tpapy; rpwg;G> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp>

tUkhdk; cau;T> njhopy; tpUj;jp> Mguzr;Nru;f;if> gpwuhy;

kjpf;fg;gly; vz;zpait eilngWk;.

Mwpy; rdp ,Ue;jhy;> kjpg;G> kupahij Vw;gLk;> nfsutk;> gjtp>

gl;lk;> tpUJfs; fpilf;Fk;. gzk; gy topfshYk; NrUk;. Gj;jpu

ghf;fpak; cz;L. Gj;jpuuhy; kfpo;r;rp cz;lhFk;.

gjpndhd;wpy; rdp ,Ue;jhy;: rfy Nghfq;fSk; fpl;Lk; gjtpfs; Njb

tUk;> gzk; FtpAk;> ed;ikahd ,lkhw;wk; Vw;gLk;> fiyQu;fs;

Nghw;wg;gLtu;.

,g;gyd;fs; rhjfj;jpy; fpufq;fs; ed;whf ,Ue;jhy; NkYk;

cau;tilAk;. rhjfj;jpy; fpufq;fs; gyk; Fd;wpapUg;gpd; ngUk; gyd;

fpilf;fhtpl;lhYk;> ey;y gyd;fs; Vw;gLk;.

re;jpu uhrpf;F uhF khw;wk;

uhFTk;> NfJTk; xd;wiu tUlq;fSf;nfhUKiw jhk; ,Uf;Fk;

,uhrpia tpl;Lr; nry;thu;fs;.

cv

uhF yf;fpdj;jpy; ,Ue;jjhy;> rpukk;> tWik> nghUs; tpiuak;>

kdf;Fog;gk; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

,uz;by; ,Ue;jhy; kj;jpkkhd gyidf; nfhLg;ghu;. tuTk;> nryTk;

rkkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;. Nehapd; jhf;fk; Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk;. nghUs;

te;J NghFk;.

uhF %d;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> kpfTk; ey;y gad;fisj; jUthu;> fy;tpapy;

rpwg;G> nghUshjhuj;jpy; tsu;r;rp> Gfo;> gjtp ngwy; vd;gd Vw;gLk;.

uhF ehd;fpy; ,Ue;jhy;> kj;jpkkhd gyidNa jUthu;> fhupaq;fs;

,Ogl;L epiwNtWk;. guPl;irfspy; kj;jpkkhd gyd; fpilf;Fk;.

nghUs; te;J NghFk; epiy cz;lhFk;.

uhF Ie;jpy;; ,Ue;jhy; > tuTk; nryTk; rkkhf ,Uf;Fk;. Njitf;Fg;

gzk; tUk;. gykhd Kaw;rpapd; gpd;Ng gad; fpilf;Fk;. KjyPLfs;

,Wjpapy; yhgk; jUk;.

uhF Mwpy; ,Ue;jhy; : epidj;jit ahTk; ntw;wpaha; KbAk;.

gzk;> nry;thf;F mjpfupf;Fk;> Gjpa Kaw;rpfs; ,yhgk; jUk;.

uhF Vopy; ,Ue;jhy;: nra;fhupaq;fs; midj;Jk; Njhy;tpailAk;>

njhopypy; el;lk; cz;lhFk;. cwtpdu; ntWg;gu;> tof;Ffs;

Njhy;tpiaj; jUk;.

cvi

uhF vl;by; ,Ue;jhy;> fhjypy; Njhy;tp> njhopypy; Fog;gk;>

FLk;gj;jpy; fyfk;> gzj;jl;Lg;ghL> tPz; gopNfl;ly;> fhupaj;jil

vd;gd Vw;gLk;.

uhF xd;gjpy; ,Ue;jhy;> gztUtha; FiwAk;> njhopypy; ke;j epiy

fhzg;gLk;. cly; eyk;> ghjpf;fg;gLk;. tPz;gop Nfl;f NeupLk;.

uhF gj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> njhopypy; Kd;Ndw;wk; ,uhJ> FLk;gj;jpy;

ftiy cz;lhfpj; jPUk;. gzf; f\;lk; ,Ue;jhYk; cjtg;gyu;

Kd;tUtu;.

uhFgjpndhd;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;: njhopypy; mjpf ,yhgk;>gjtp cau;T>

fhzp> G+kp> Mguzr;Nru;f;if> FLk;gRfk; cz;lhFk;.

uhF gd;dpuz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> Kuz;ghL tYf;Fk;. ,lkhw;wk;

Vw;gLk;. Gfo;> nfsutk; ghjpf;fg;gLk;. kdf; Fog;gk; cz;lhFk;.

re;jpu uhrpf;F NfJ khw;wk;

NfJ yf;fdj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy; > fLikahd ciog;gpd; gpd;Nd fhupak;

rpj;jpahFk;. gzj;jl;Lg;ghL ,Uf;Fk;> ,lkhw;wk; Vw;gLk;.

NfJ ,uz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> tpgj;J> gzj;jl;Lg;ghL> jpUkzj;jpy;

Fog;gk; vd;gd Vw;gLk;. Kaw;rp gydspf;fhJ. kdf;Fog;gKk;

Kd;NfhgKk; tpguPjj;ijj; jUk;.

cvii

NfJ %d;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> fhupa rpj;jp> fy;tpapy; Nkd;ik> njhopypy;

mjpf yhgk;> trjpahd ,lkhw;wk;> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp vd;gd

,Uf;Fk;.

NfJ ehd;fpy; ,Ue;jhy;> kj;jpkkhd gyNd fpilf;Fk;. tuTf;Nfw;w

nryT> Neuj;jpw;F czT> gbg;Gf;Nfw;w ngWNgW> KjYf;Nfw;w

tUkhdk; fpilf;Fk;.

NfJ Ie;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> kfpo;Tk; Jf;fKk; khwp khwp tUk;

Kaw;rpf;Nfw;w gyd; fpilf;Fk;. Neha; ngUk; jhf;fj;ij juhJ. gzk;

te;J nrythFk;.

NfJ Mwpy; ,Ue;jhy;> nra;fhupaq;fs; midj;Jk; ntw;wpaspf;Fk;.

gzk; te;J NrUk;. FLk;gj;jpy; Rgfhupaq;fs; eilngWk;. kjpg;G>

Gfo; caUk;.

NfJ Vopy; ,Ue;jhy;: njhopypy; el;lKk; gztpuaKk; Vw;gLk;.

Nehapd; jhf;fk; mjpfupf;Fk;. Kaw;rpfs; Njhy;tpiaj; jUk;. gif

tsUk;.

NfJ vl;by; ,Ue;jhy;: jP> ePu;> thfdj;jhy; jPik cz;lhFk;.

njhopypy; el;lk; cz;lhFk;. rpyu; njhopiy ,og;ghu;fs;. mtkhdk;

cz;lhFk;.

cviii

NfJ xd;gjpy; ,Ue;jhy;: tuTk;> nryTk; rkkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;.

njhopypy; ngUk; Kd;Ndw;wk; ,uhJ. tpahghupfs; mjpfKjyPL

nra;tJ el;lj;ij cz;lhFk;.

NfJ gj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> mtjhdkhf vf;fUkj;ijAk; nra;jy;

Ntz;Lk;. njhopypy; Vkhw;wq;fs; Vw;gLk;. tuTf;Nfw;w nryT

cz;lhFk;. ez;gu; cjtpnra;tu;.

NfJ gjpndhd;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;: epidj;j fhupak; ntw;wpiaj; jUk;.

fy;tp> nry;tk;> Gfo; vd;gd ngUFk;. cau; gjtpfs; te;J NrUk;.

Neha;fs; tpyFk;.

NfJ gd;dpuz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> tp\gak; ,Uf;Fk;> ez;gu;fs;

Kuz;gLtu;. nra;njhopy; el;lj;ijj; jUk;. gztplaj;jpy;

Vkhw;wg;gLtPu;fs;. kdk; xU epiyg;gl;buhJ.

jpdg;gyd; ghu;f;Fk; Kiw

xU rhjfu; jhd; gpwe;j el;rj;jpuj;ij njupe;jpUg;ghu;. mij epidtpy;

itj;Jf;nfhz;L gyd; ghu;f;Fk; jpdj;jpd; el;rj;jpuj;ijg;

gQ;rhq;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J njupe;J nfhs;sTk;. gpd; mLj;j gf;fj;jpy;

cs;s $l;by; jhd; gpwe;j el;rj;jpuk; cs;s $l;ilg; ghu;j;J mJ

ve;jj; njhFjpapy; cs;sJ vd;W mwpe;J nfhs;sTk;. mjd; gpd;

md;iwa el;rj;jpuk; Fwpf;Fk; $l;lj;ijg; ghu;j;J md;iwa

el;rj;jpuk; cs;s $l;ilj; njupe;J nfhs;sTk;. mjd; gpd; 94Mk;

gf;fj;jpy; cs;s $l;ilg; ghu;j;J md;iwa el;rj;jpuj;jpw;Fupa

cix

fpufj;ij mwpe;J nfhs;sTk; mjd; gpd; kWgf;fj;jpy; cs;s

fpufj;jpd; md;iwa gyidj; njupe;j nfhs;sTk;.

cjhuzkhf xUtu; KjyhtJ $l;bYs;s KjyhtJ el;rj;jpukhd

m];tpdp el;j;jpuj;jpy; gpwf;fpwhu;. md;iwa gQ;rhq;fj;jpd;gb

md;iwa el;rj;jpuk;. G+rk;> vdNt gQ;rhq;fj;jpy; cs;s md;iwa

el;rj;jpuk; ,uz;lhtJ $l;by; Kjyhtjhf cs;sJ.mij mwpe;j

gpd; gj;jhtJ $l;by; cs;s fpufk; vJ vd;W mwpAq;fs;. mJ

re;jpud;. gpd;; re;jpuDf;Ff; Fwpg;gpl;l gyidg; ghUq;fs; mJ jhd;

cq;fs; md;iwa gyd;.

1) #upad; Kuz;ghL> miyr;ry;> giftu; njhy;iy> tapw;Wf;

NfhshW> jdr; Nru;f;if> ez;gu; cjtp.

2) re;jpud;> fhupa rpj;jp> kfpo;r;rpahd nra;jp> gztuT> gjtp cau;T>

Gfo;> Nkd;ik

3) nrt;tha;> Kaw;rp gypjk;> ntspehl;Lj; njhlu;G> Kuz;ghL>

gzj;jl;Lg;ghL> ngupatu; rPw;wk;.

4) Gjd;> tPl;by; Rg epfo;T>njhopypy; yhgk;> gpuahzk;> ez;gu;

Nru;f;if> tpUe;Jgrhuk;.

5) FU>kfpo;r;rpg;ngUf;F> jhdju;kk; nra;jy;> ngupatu;fspd; cjtp>

fhupa rpj;jp> jdtuT> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp.

cx

6) Rf;fpud; fiyfspy; tpUg;G> Gjpa Kaw;rp> gjtp cau;T>

Rgr;nra;jp> tpUe;JzT> ez;gu; Nru;f;if> Nkyjpfhupfs; cjtp.

7) rdp tPz;thu;j;ijfs; Ngry; nghUs; ,og;G> mfhy Nghrdk;>

Kaw;rp gypahik> jPNahupd; el;G> mtkhdk;.

8) uhF tapw;Wf;NfhshW> FLk;gg;gpupT> tPz;rz;il> tof;F> jpUlu;

gak;> mfhy Nghrdk;.

9) NfJ> Neha;> kdf;Fog;gk;> ,oe;jit fpilj;jy;> ngz;fshy;

cgj;jputk;> Kw;Nfhgj;jhy; jPq;F.

[d;k el;rj;jpuk;

(1) mr;Rtpdp kfk; %yk;

(2) guzp G+uk;

G+uhlk;

(3) fhu;j;jpif cj;jpuk;

cj;jpuhlk;

(4) Nuhfpzp mj;jk;

jpUNthzk;

(5) kpUfrPUlk; rpj;jpiu mtpl;lk;

(1)

Nuhfpzp mj;jk; jpUNth

kpUfrPuplk; rpj;jpiu mtpl;lk;

jpUthjpiu Rthjp rijak;

Gdu;G+rk; tprhfk; G+ul;lhjp

G+rk; mD\k; cj;.uhljp

(2)

G+rk; mD\k; c.lhjp

Mapy;ak; Nfl;il Nutjp

mr;Rtpdp kfk; %yk;

guzp G+uk; G+uhlk;

fhu;j;jpif cj;juk; c.lk;

(3)

fhu;j; cj;jpuk; c.lk;

Nuhfpzp mj;jk; jpUNthzk;

kpUfrPUlk; rpj;jpiu mtpl;lk;


Gdu; tprhfk; G+ul;lhjp

(4)

Gdu; tprh G+.lhjp

G+rk; mD\k; cj;jul;lhjp


mr;Rtpdp kfk; %yk;

guzp G+uk; G+uhlk;

(5)

guzp G+uk; G+.lk;

fhu;j;jpif cj;jpuk; c.lk;



jpUNthzk; Rthjp rijak;

(6)

jpUth Rthjp rij


G+rk; mDrk; c.lhjp


mr;Rtpdp kfk; %yk;

(7)

mr;Rtp kfk; %yk;

guzp G+uk; G+uhlk;




gQ;rhq;f uPjpahd

md;iwa el;rj;jpuk;

cxi

(8)

kpUf rpj;jp mtpl;

jpUthjpiu Rthjp rij


G+rk; mD\k; c.lhjp


(9)


mr;Rtpdp kfk; %yk;

guzp G+uk; G+uhlk;



(6) jpUthjpiu Rthjp rjak;

(7) Gdu;G+rk; tprhfk; G+ul;lhjp

(8) G+rk;

mD\k; cj;jpul;lhjp

(9) Mapy;ak; Nfl;il Nutjp

(10) fpufk;


mr;Rtpdp kfk; %yk;

guzp G+uk; G+uhlk;

fhu;j;jpif cj;juk; cj;jpuhlk;

#upad;


kpUrPUlk; rpj;jpiu mtpl;lk;



re;jpud;

G+rk; mD\k; c.lhjp


mr;Rtpdp kfk; %yk;

guzp G+uk; G+uhlk;

nrt;tha;





Gjd;


G+rk; mD\k; cj;.lhjp


mr;Rtpdp kfk; %yk;

FU

guzp G+uk; G+uhlk;




Rf;fpud;

jpUNthzk; Rthjp rijak;


G+rk; mD\k; c.lhjp


rdp

mr;Rtpdp kfk; %yk;

guzp G+uk; G+uhlk;



uhF


jpUthjpiu Rthjp rjak;


G+rk; mD\k; c.lhjp

NfJ

cxii

Nahfq;fs;

xUtupd; rhjfj;jpy; xU fpufj;jpw;Fk; ,d;ndhU fpufj;jpw;Fk; cs;s

ey;y cwit Nahfk; vd;ghu;fs;. Nahfq;fs; 300 ,w;F

Nkw;gl;lit. ,Ue;j NghJk; rpy Nahfq;fs; rhjfidg; ngUk;

,d;gj;jpy; Mo;j;Jk; tifapy; nghd; nghUl;fisf; Ftpf;Fk;

,Ug;gpDk; Nahfq;fs; fpufq;fs; Ju;];jhdq;fspy; ,Ue;jhy; ey;y

gyd;fis vjpu;ghu;f;f KbahJ.

re;jpuNahfq;fs;

1) JUJuhNahfk; : re;jpuDf;Fg; gpd;Gk;> Kd;Gk; cs;s uhrpfspy;

uhFitAk; NfJitAk; jtpu;e;j Vida fpufq;fs; ,Ue;jhy;

JUJuh Nahfk; cz;lhFk;. ,jdhy; nry;tk;> fhzp G+kp>

thfdk;> Gfo; nry;thf;F cz;lhFk;.

2) meghNahfk; : re;jpuDf;F 12 tJ uhrpapy; uhF NfJf;fisj;

jtpu;e;j Vida fpufq;fs; ,Ug;gij megh Nahfk; vd;gu;.

,jdhy; NgUk; GfOk; cau;gjtpAk; nry;tKk; fpl;Lk;.

3) ReghNahfk;: re;jpuDf;Fg; gpd;Dk; Kd;Dk; fpufq;fs;

,y;yhjpUj;jiyr; ReghNahfk; vd;gu;. ,jdhy; kjpg;G kupahij

cau; gjtp thfdk; vd;gd fpl;Lk;.

4) f[Nfrup Nahfk; : ,ijf; Nfrup Nahfk; vd;Wk; nrhy;tu;.

re;jpuDf;Ff; Nfe;jpuj;jpy; mjhtJ 1>4>7>10>Mk; tPLfspy; FU

cxiii

,Ug;gijr; f[Nfrup Nghfk; vd;gu;. ,jdhy; jPu;f;fhAs;>

ed;kf;fl; NgW> nry;tk;> Gfo;> cau; gjtp vd;gd fpl;Lk;.

5) mjpNahfk; : re;jpuDf;Fk;> 6>7>8Mk; tPLfspy; Rgu;fs; FU> Gjd;>

Rf;fpud; vd;w fpufq;fs; jdpj;Njh my;yJ xd;whfNth ,Ug;gij

mjpNahfk; vd;gu;. ,t;Nahffhuu; cau;gjtp tfpg;gu;. nry;tk;>

fhzp> G+kpf;Fupatuhtu;. kidtp my;yJ fztd;

ngUe;jdte;jdhf miktu;.

6) yf;fd mjpNahfk; : yf;fzj;jpw;F 6>7>8 ,y; Rgu;fs; ,Ue;jhy;

yf;fz mjpNahfk; cz;lhFk;.,jdhy; ngUk; gjtp> fy;tpapd;

Nkd;ik> gzf;fhu kidtp> fztd; miktu;.

#upaNahfq;fs;

1) thrp Nahfk; : #upaDf;F 12 ,y; uhF NfJf;fisj; jtpu kw;wf;

fpufq;fs; ,Ug;gij thrp Nahfk; vd;gu;. ,jdhy; Gfo;>

nfsutk;> nry;tk;> mjp\;lk; vd;gd Vw;gLk;.

2) Ntrp Nahfk; : #upaDf;F 2 ,y; ,uhF NfJf;fisj; jtpu NtW

fpufq;fs; ,Ue;jhy; mij NtrpNahfk; vd;gu;. ,jdhy;

nghd;nghUl; Nru;f;if> ey;y FLk;gk; mikAk;.

3) Rg cgarhup Nahfk; : #upaDf;F ,Ugf;fq;fspYk; fpufq;fs;

,Ug;gij Rg cgarhup Nahfk; vd;gu;. jdk;> tptrhaj;jpy;

Kd;Ndw;wk;> ey;y FLk;gk; mikAk;.

cxiv

4) ml;l yf;Rkp Nahfk; : ,uhF Mwpy; ,Ue;J FU Nfe;jpuj;jpy;

,Ue;jhy; ,e;j Nahfk; Vw;gLk;. ,jdhy; ryf I];tupaq;fSk;

fpl;Lk;.

5) tRkjp Nahfk; : Rgf;fpufq;fs;> cgra tPLfshd 3>6>10>11 ,y;

,Ue;jhy; tRkjpNahfk; cz;lhFk;. ,jdhy; rfy

nrsghf;fpaq;fSk; fpilf;Fk;.

6) tpguPj uh[Nahfk; : Ju;];jhdq;fshfpa 6>8>12 ,d; mjpgjpfs;

jdpj;Njh my;yJ xd;W $bNah 6>8>12 Mk; tPLfspy;

,Ue;jhy; ,t;Nahfk; cz;lhFk;. ,jdhy; rhjfu; vjpu;ghuhj

tifapy; NfhB];tuu; Mthu;.

7) ePrgq;f uh[Nahfk; : fpufq;fs; ePruhrpapy; ,Ue;jhy; ePruhtu;.

,Ug;gpDk; ,tu;fs; epd;w uhrpehjd; Ml;rp my;yJ cr;rk;

ngw;whYk;> my;yJ yf;fdj;jpw;Nfh re;jpuDf;Nfh Nfe;jpuj;jpy;

,Ue;jhYk; ePrgq;f uhrNahfk; cz;lhFk;. mjhtJ ePrk; ePq;fp

cr;rkilAk;. ,jdhy; rfy I];tupaq;fSk; cz;lhFk;.

gQ;rkfh GU\ Nahfq;fs;:

8) rfNahfk; : rdp Ml;rp> cr;rq;fspy; Nfj;jpuj;jpy; epw;gjhy;

rfNahfk; cz;lhFk;. fy;tpawpT> nrhj;J> fhzp> G+kp> thfdk;>

cau;e;j njhopy; Vw;gLk;.

9) fk;r Nahfk; : Rf;fpud; Ml;rp my;yJ cr;rk; ngw;W

yf;fpdj;jpw;Nfh my;yJ re;jpuDf;Nfh Nfe;jpuj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;

cxv

,t;Nahfk; cz;lhFk;. jdk;> Mil> Mguzk;> tPL>thry;

fhzp>G+kp NrUk;.

10) gj;juNahfk; : Gjd; Ml;rp> my;yJ cr;rk; ngw;W

yf;fzj;jpw;Nfh> re;jpudpw;Nfh Nfe;jpuj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy; ,t;Nahfk;

cz;lhFk;. fk;gPukhd Njhw;wk;> jdr;Nru;f;if> Ngr;R td;ik>

Gfo;> kjpg;G vd;gdthFk;.

11) UrfNahfk; :nrt;tha; Ml;rp my;yJ cr;rk; ngw;W

yf;fpdj;jpw;Nfh my;yJ re;jpuDf;Nfh Nfe;jpu jpupNfhzq;fspy;

,Ue;jhy; ,t; Nahfk; cz;lhFk;. Nkyjpfhuk;> vjpupfis

nty;ty;> rfy nry;tq;fSk; ngwy;> thfdr; Nru;f;if vd;gd

,lk;ngWk;.

12) khyt;tpa Nahfk; : Rf;fpud; Ml;rp my;yJ cr;rk; ngw;W

yf;fzj;jpw;Nfh> re;jpuDf;Nfh Nfj;jpuj;jpy; epw;gjhy; ,t;Nahfk;

cz;lhFk;. Ngu;> Gfo;> kjpg;G kupahij> nfsutk;> mofpa

Njhw;wk;> gzk;> gjtp fiyfspy; Mu;tk; ,Uf;Fk;.

rflNahfk; : re;jpuDf;Ff; FU 8 my;yJ 12 ,y; ,Ue;jhy;

rflNahfk; Vw;gLk;. ,e;jr; rhjfu; rf;fuk; Nghd;w tho;itg;

ngWtu;. Jd;gq;fNs mjpfkhf tUk;.

mfz;l rhk;uh[;a Nahfk;

cxvi

2>9 my;yJ 11 ,w;F cupatd; Ml;rp my;yJ cr;rk; ngw;W>

gyk; ngw;W FU Ie;jpw;Nfh my;yJ gj;jpw;Nfh mjpgjpahfpf;

Nfe;jpuq;fspy; ,Ue;jhy; ,e;j Nahfk; cz;lhFk;. ,jdhy;

fy;tp> jdk;> fhzp> G+kp NrUk;.

jpUkzg; nghUj;jk;

jpUkzq;fs; nrhu;f;fj;jpy; epl;rapf;fg;gLfpd;wd vd;Wk;> kidtp

miktnjy;yhk; ,iwtd; nfhLj;jtuk; vd;Wk;> ,e;J rkak;

$WfpwJ. Xu; MZk; xU ngz;Zk; rka rk;gpujhaq;fspd;gb

,ize;J nfhs;tNj jpUkzk;. ngupNahu;fs; epl;rapj;J

rkatpjpKiwf;Nfw;g elf;Fk; rlq;Fjhd; jpUkzk;. tho;tpy; md;G>

gz;G> mikjp> gzk;> nghUs;> fhzp> G+kp gps;isfs; vd;gd

,UtiuAk; Nru Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfr; Rgehspy;> RgNtisapy;

eilngWtJ jpUkzk;. ,it Nrug; nghUj;jq;fs; mikjy;

Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhfNt Nrhjplu;fs; nghUj;jk; ghu;f;fpd;wdu;. ,J

mtrpakhd xd;whFk;.

nghUj;jq;fs;

jpdg; nghUj;jk;> fzg;nghUj;jk;> Nahdpg; nghUj;jk;> ur;Rg;

nghUj;jk;> Ntijg; nghUj;jk;> uhrpg; nghUj;jk;> ehbg;nghUj;jk;>

el;rj;jpug; nghUj;jk;> kNfe;jpug; nghUj;jk;> ];jpupjPu;f;fg; nghUj;jk;>

uhrp mjpgjpg; nghUj;jk; Nghd;w nghUj;jq;fisg; ghu;g;gJ tof;fk;.

cxvii

jpUkzk; vd;gJ vjpu;fhyj;jpy; ey;y Fbkf;fis

cUthf;Ftjw;fhfg; ngupNahu;fshy; nra;J itf;fg;gLk; Kf;fpakhd

rlq;fhFk;. nghUj;jq;fs; ghu;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;. Kf;fpakhf

kdg;nghUj;jk; ghu;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;. cwTfisNah> gzk;> nghUs;>

jFjp> juhjuj;ijNah ghu;j;Jj; jpUkzk; nra;af;$lhJ. vjpu;fhyk;

,d;gkhf mikaNtz;Lnkd;gNj jpUkzq;fspd; Fwpf;Nfhshf

mika Ntz;Lk;.

Kjyhtjhf el;rj;jpuq;fs; nghUe;j Ntz;Lk;. mit

nghUe;jh tpl;lhy;> Njh\q;fs; cz;lhFk;. tpyf;fg;gl;l

el;rj;jpuq;fisAk;> nghUe;jhj el;rj;jpuq;fisAk; tpyf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,it nghUe;jhtpl;lhy; FLk;gj;jpy; nghUs; ,Ue;jhYk; epk;kjp

,uhJ.

mLj;Jf; fzg;nghUj;jk; ,jpfhrq;fisAk;> Guhzq;fisAk;

vLj;J Nehf;fpdhy;> Njtu;> kdpju;> ,uhl;rju; vd;w %d;W

,dq;fSk; jhd; ,d;W %d;W fzq;fshtijf; fhzyhk;.

,uhl;rju;fSk;> Njtu;fSk;> epue;jug; gifahspfs;> Guhz

,jpfhrq;fspd;gbNa fzq;fs; tFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

mLj;J kNfe;jpug; nghUj;jk; ghu;g;gJ ed;kf;fl; Ngw;wpw;fhf

ngz; rfy trjpfSlDk; jPu;f;f Rkq;fypahf tho Ntz;Lnkd;W

vz;zpNa ,g;nghUj;jk; ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

mLj;J Nahdpg;nghUj;jk; Mz;> ngz; cwtpy; ,d;gj;ijf;

nfhLg;gjw;fhfg; ghu;f;fg;gLtJ. nghUj;jkhd Nahdpfshdhy; md;G>

cxviii

Mir> tpUg;G> neUf;fk;> gpuptp;d;ik> kfpo;T vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

,jw;fhfNt ,g; nghUj;jk; ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

mLj;J ,uhrpg; nghUj;jk; ,Uk;igf; fhe;jk; ftu;tJ Nghy

,uhrpia ,uhrp ftu;e;J kfpo;itf; nfhLf;Fk;. ,uhrp mjpgjpfs;

nghUj;jkhdtu;fshf ,Ue;jhy; Cly; Vw;gLNk jtpug; gpupT

Vw;glhJ.

mLj;J trpag; nghUj;jk; gpur;rpidfs; Jd;gq;fs; te;jhYk;

trpak; nra;ag;gl;ltu;fs; Nghy gpupahky; tho ,g;nghUj;jk;

cjTk;.

mLj;J ,ur;Rg; nghUj;jk; vd;fpd;w jhypg; nghUj;jk;

,g;nghUj;jk; ,y;yhjtplj;J GU\d; Nehahspahfyhk;>

kuzkilayhk;> gzf;f\;lk;> cwtpdu; gif> kidtpf;Fj; jPuhj

Neha; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

ehbg;nghUj;jk; vd;gJ ,uj;jk; nghUe;JtJ. rpyupd; ,uj;j

tif rpyUf;Fg; nghUe;jhJ. ,jdhy; tyJ Fiwe;j gps;isfs;

gpwg;ghu;fs;. Mz; ngz; cwtpy; jpUg;jpapuhJ.

mLj;J Ntijg; nghUj;jk; vd;gJ Fw;wk;> Fiwfisg;

nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; jd;ikia cz;lhf;FtJ. Nkw;nrhy;yg;gl;l

fhuzq;fSf;fhfj;jhd; jpUkzj;jpd; NghJ nghUj;jk;

ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

Kf;fpakhd nghUj;jq;fs;

cxix

jpdg;nghUj;jk;> fzg;nghUj;jk;> Nahdpg;nghUj;jk;> uhrpg; nghUj;jk;>

ur;Rg;nghUj;jk; vd Ie;J nghUj;jq;fs; ,Ug;gpd; jpUkzk;

nra;ayhk;. ,jpy; %d;W fl;lhak; nghUe;j Ntz;Lk;. ur;Rg;

nghUe;jh tpl;lhy; jpUkzk; nra;af;$lhJ.

1) jpdg; nghUj;jk;

ngz;zpd; el;rj;jpuk; Kjy; Guprdpd; el;rj;jpuk;

2>4>6>8>9>11>13>15>18>20>24>26 vd vz;zpf;ifapy; ,Ug;gJ

cj;jkk;.,t;ntz;zpf;ifapy;yhj el;rj;jpuk; nghUe;jhJ.

Nuhfpzp> jpUthjpiu> kfk;> tprhfk;> jpUNthzk;> mj;jk;>

cj;jul;lhjp> Nutjp Mfpa el;rj;jpuq;fspy; MZk; ngz;Zk;

gpwe;jpUe;jhy; cj;jkk;.

G+uk;> cj;jpuk;> rpj;jpiu> Gdu;G+rk;> G+rk;> m];tpdp> fhu;j;jpif> G+uhlk;>

cj;jpuhlk;> kpUfrPuplk;> mDrk; Mfpa el;rj;jpuq;fspy; ngz;Zk;

MZk; gpwe;jpUe;jhy; kj;jpkk;. Vidait nghUe;jhJ.

2) fzg;nghUj;jk;

Njtfzk;

m];tpdp> kpUfrPUlk;> Gdu;G+rk;> G+rk;> mj;jk;> Rthjp>

mDrk;> jpUNthzk;> Nutjp Mfpa 9 el;rj;jpuq;fSk; Njtfzk;.

kDr fzk;

cxx

guzp> Nuhfpzp> jpUthjpiu> G+uk;> cj;juk;> G+uhlk;>

cj;jpuhlk;> G+ul;lhjp> cj;jul;lhjp Mfpa 9 el;rj;jpuq;fSk; kDr

fzk;.

,uhl;rj fzk;

fhu;j;jpif> Mapypak;> kfk;> rpj;jpiu> tprhfk;> Nfl;il> %yk;>

mtpl;lk;> rjak;> Mfpa 9 el;rj;jpuq;fSk; ,uhl;rj fzk;.

ngz;Zk; khg;gps;isAk; ,uhl;rj fzk; jtpu xNu fzkhf

,Ue;jhy; cj;jkk;.

ngz; Njtfzk;> khg;gps;is kdpjfzkhdhy; kj;jpkk;

ngz; Njtfzk;> khg;gps;is ,uhl;rjfzkhdhy; mjkk;. ,J

Nghy ngz; kdpj fzKk;> khg;gps;is ,uhl;rjfzkhdhy; mjkk;.

ngz; ,uhl;rjfzKk; khg;gps;is kdpjfzKk; Mdhy;

nghUe;jhJ.

3) kNfe;jpug;nghUj;jk; - Gj;jpug;NgW> jdjhdpa tpUj;jp

ngz;zpd; el;rj;jpuk; Kjy; GuprdJ el;rj;jpuk; tiu

vz;zpdhy; 4>7>10>13>16>19>22>25 tUkhapd; cj;jkk;.

4) ];jpupjPu;f;fk;

rfy rk;gj;Jf;fSk; tpUj;jpahFk;. jPu;f;f Rkq;fypahfg; ngz;

,Ug;gjw;F ngz;zpd; el;rj;jpuk; Kjy; khg;gps;isapd;

el;rj;jpuk; tiu vz;zpdhy; 13 ,w;F NkypUe;jhy; nghUj;jk;.

mjw;Ff; Fiwthf ,Ue;jhy; nghUe;jhJ.

cxxi

5) Nahdpg; nghUj;jk; (jhk;gjpa Rfk;)

xt;nthU el;rj;jpuj;jpw;Fk; xt;nthU kpUfk; cz;L.

ngz;Zf;Fg; ngz; NahdpahfTk;> MZf;F Mz; NahdpahfTk;

gifapy;yhj Nahdpahf ,Ue;jhy; cj;jkk;. ,UtUf;Fk; Mz;

Nahdpahdhy; nghUe;jhJ.

mr;Rtpdp - Mz;Fjpiu

guzp - Mz; ahid

fhu;j;jpif - ngz; ML

Nuhfpzp - Mz; ehfk;

kpUfrPuplk; - ngz;rhiu

jpUthjpiu - Mz; eha;

Gdu;G+rk; - ngz; G+id

G+rk; - Mz; ML

Mapy;ak; - Mz; G+id

kfk; - Mz; vyp

G+uk; - ngz; vyp

cj;juk; - vUJ

mj;jk; - ngz; vUik

rpj;jpiu - Mz;Gyp

Rthjp - Mz; vUik

tprhfk; - ngz;Gyp

mD\k; - ngz;khd;

Nfl;il - fiykhd;

%yk; - ngz;eha;

cxxii

G+uhlk; - Mz;Fuq;F

cj;jpuhlk; - kyl;L;g;gR

jpUNthzk; - ngz;Fuq;F

mtpl;lk; - ngz;rpq;fk;

rjak; - ngz;Fjpiu

G+ul;lhjp - Mz;rpq;fk;

cj;jul;lhjp - ghw;gR

Nutjp - ngz; ahid

(,jpy; rpy gQ;rhq;fq;fspy; cj;juhlk; - fPup vd;W

Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ)

ghk;G - fPup

ahid - rpq;fk;

Fuq;F-ML

khd; - eha;

vyp - G+id

Fjpiu - vUik

gR – Gyp

NkNy nrhy;yg;gl;l ,uz;L el;rj;jpuq;fspy; Kjy; el;rj;jpuk;

MzhfTk;> ,uz;lhtijg; ngz;zhfTk; mwpe;J tpthfk; nra;jy;

eyk;. xNu ,dkhf Nahdp Vw;gLtjhy; jk;gjpfSf;Fs; xw;Wik

mjpfk; cz;L. cjhuzkh mr;Rtpdp> rjak; ,tw;wpy; mr;Rtpdp

n[d;k tpNuhjpfs;

cxxiii

MzhfTk;> rjak; ngz;zhfTk; ,uz;Lk; nghUe;jp cs;sJ.

,ijg; Nghy Vidatw;iwAk; ghu;j;Jr; nra;aTk;.

6) ,uhrpg;nghUj;jk; (tk;r tpUj;jp)

ngz;zpd; ,uhrpapy; ,Ue;J khg;gps;isapd; ,uhrpapid

vz;zpdhy; 6 ,w;FNky; ,Ue;jhy; nghUj;jk;. MwhtJk;

nghUe;jhJ. ,Ug;gpDk; Fk;gKk; rpq;fKk;> kfuKk;> flfKk;

nghUe;jhJ. 2>6>8>12> ck; nghUe;jhJ. ngz; ,uhrpf;F

khg;gps;isapd; ,uhrp 6>8-8>6 Mf te;jhy; r\;lh\;f Njhrk;

cz;lhFk;. ,J kpfTk; jPikahdJ. ,jw;F tpyf;Fz;L.

ngz;zpd; ,uhrpAk; khg;gps;isapd; ,uhrpAk; xNu ,uhrpahf

,Ue;jhy; Rgk;. 1>3>4>5>9>11 Mf tupd; kj;jpkk;.

mD$y r\;lh\;lk;

ngz;zpd; ,uhrp khg;gps;isapd; ,uhrp

1) Nklk; fd;dp

2) jDR ,lgk;

3) Jyhk; kPdk;

4) Fk;gk; flfk;

5) rpq;fk; kfuk;

6) kpJdk; tpUl;rpfk;

,t; MW ,uhrpf;fhuu;fSf;Fk; r\;lh\;lf Njh\k; ,uhJ.

7) ,uhrp mjpgjpg; nghUj;jk; (re;jjp tpUj;jp)

fpufk; el;G rkk; gif 1.#upad; re;>nrt;>FU Gjd; Rf;>rdp>uh>Nf 2.re;jpud; #upa>Gj nr>FU>Rf;>rdp uhF>NfJ

cxxiv

3.nrt;tha; #up>re;>FU Rf;>rdp uhF>NfJ>Gj 4.Gjd; #up>Rf; nr.F.uh>NfJ>r re;jpud; 5.FU #up>re;>nrt; rdp>uh>NfJ Gjd;>Rf; 6.Rf;fpud; G>r>uh>NfJ nrt;>FU #up>re;>nr 7.rdp G>Rf;>uh>NfJ FU #up>re;>nr 8.uhF>NfJ rdp>Rf; Gjd;>FU #up>re;>nrt;

1. ,UtUf;Fk; el;ghdhy; cj;jkk;.

2. xUtUf;Fr; rkk;> xUtUf;F el;ghdhy; cj;jkk;.

3. xUtUf;Fg; gif> xUtUf;F el;ghdhy; kj;jpkk;

4. xUtUf;Fr; rkk;> xUtUf;Fg; gifahdhy; nghUj;jkpy;iy

5. ,UtUf;Fk; gifahdhYk; nghUj;jkpy;iy.

8) trpag;nghUj;jk;.

(ftu;r;rp> md;dpNahd;ak; ,ire;J Nghjy;)

ngz;zpd; ,uhrp -khg;gps;isapd; ,uhrp

Nklk; - rpq;fk;> tpUl;rpfk; ,lgk; - flfk;> Jyhk; kpJdk; - fd;dp flfk; - tpUl;rpfk;> jDR rpq;fk; - kfuk; fd;dp - ,lgk;> kPdk; Jyhk; - kfuk; tpUl;rpfk; - flfk;> fd;dp jDR - kPdk; kfuk; - Fk;gk; Fk;gk; - kPdk; kPdk; - kfuk; Vida ,uhrpfs; nghUe;jhJ.

9) ,ur;Rg; nghUj;jk;. jhypg;nghUj;jk; kpfKf;fpakhdJ.

cxxv

ur;R 5 tifg;gLk;. ngz; gps;isfSila el;rj;jpuq;fs;

xNu ur;Rthf ,y;yhky; ghu;j;Jr; nra;jhy;> ngz; jPu;f;f

Rkq;fypahf tho;ths;.

xNu ur;RtpYk;> MNuh`zk;> mtNuh`zk; vd;W ,U

gpupTfs; cz;L. rpyu; Mz;>ngz; el;rj;jpuq;fs; xNu ur;Rtpy;

,Ue;jhYk;> MNuh`zk;> mtNuh`zkhf ,Ue;jhy; nra;ayhk;

vd;ghu;fs;. vd;whYk; xNu ur;Rthf ,y;yhkypUg;gJ ey;yJ.

1. rpNuh u[;[P - GU\d; kuzk;

2. fz;l u[;;;[P - ngz; kuzk;

3. cjhu u[;;[P - Gj;jpuNjh\k;

4. CU u[;[P - gz e\;lk;

5. ghj u[;[P - gpuahzj;jpy; Jd;gk;

1. kpUfrPuplk;> rpj;jpiu> mtpl;lk; - rpu]{

2. Nuhfpzp>mj;jk;>jpUNthzk;> MNuh`zk;

jpUthjpiu>Rthjp>rjak;> mtNuh`zk;

3. fhu;j;jpif>cj;juk;>cj;uhlk;> -MNuh`zk;

Gdu;G+rk;>tprhfk;>G+ul;lhjp> - mtNuh`zk;

4. guzp>G+uk;>G+uhlk;> - MNuh`zk;

G+rk;>mD\k;>cj;ul;lhjp>- mtNuh`zk;

5. mr;Rtpdp>kfk;>%yk;>- MNuh`zk;

Mapy;ak;>Nfl;il>Nutjp>-mtNuh`zk;

fz;lk;

cju

CU

ghjk;

cxxvi

9) Ntijg; nghUj;jk;

Ntij vd;why; tpl;Lf;nfhLj;J thOjy;> xUtiu xUtu;

jhq;Fjy; vd;W nghUs;. Ntijapy; ,Uf;Fk; el;rj;jpuq;fs;

nghUe;jhJ. kpUfrPuplk;> rpj;jpiu> mtpl;lk; ,k;%d;W

el;rj;jpuq;fSf;Fs; xd;Wf;nfhd;W Ntij cz;L. MfNt

mit nghUe;jhJ. xd;Wf;nfhd;W Ntij ,y;yhjpUg;gNj

nghUe;Jk;.

mr;Rtpdpf;F Nfl;il NtijahFk;

guzpf;F mDrk; NtijahFk;

fhu;j;jpif;F tprhfk; NtijahFk;

Nuhfpzpf;F Rthjp NtijahFk;

jpUthjpiuf;F jpUNthzk; NtijahFk;

Gdu;G+rj;Jf;F cj;uhlk; NtijahFk;

G+rj;Jf;F G+uhlk; NtijahFk;

Mapy;aj;Jf;F %yk; NtijahFk;

kfj;Jf;F Nutjp NtijahFk;

G+uj;Jf;F cj;ul;lhjp NtijahFk;

cj;jpuj;Jf;F cj;ul;lhjp NtijahFk;

mj;jj;jpw;F rjak; NtijahFk;

10) ehbg; nghUj;jk;

ngz;zpd; ehbAk;> Mzpd; ehbAk; ntt;Ntwhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. xNu ehbahdhy; FLk;gj;jpy; Fog;gq;fs; Vw;gLk;. ,J

cxxvii

,d;iwa kUj;Jtj;jpd; ,uj;jg; gpupitf; Fwpf;Fk;. Fiwg; gpurtk;> mq;ftPdq;fs; Vw;glhjpUf;f ,g;nghUj;jk; cjTk;.

thj ehb gpj;j ehb rpNyhj;Jt ehb m];tpdp> guzp> fhu;j;jpif jpUthjpiu kpUfrPUlk; Nuhfpzp Gdu;G+rk; G+rk; Mapypak; cj;juk; G+uk; kfk; mj;jk; rpj;jpiu Rthjp Nfl;il mDrk; tprhfk; %yk; G+uhlk; cj;juhlk; rjak; mtpl;lk; jpUNthzk; G+ul;lhjp cj;jul;lhjp Nutjp

Mz;>ngz; ,UtUf;Fk; rpNyj;Jt ehbahf ,Ue;jhYk; nghUj;jk; cz;L. tpUl;rk;

ghy; cs;sit ghy; ,y;yhjit fhu;j;jpif – mj;jp m];tpdp –vl;b Nuhfpdp – ehty; guzp – ney;yp G+rk; - muR kpUfrPuplk; - fUq;fhyp Mapypak; - Gd;id jpUthjpiu –nrq;fUq;fhyp kfk; - My; Gdu;G+rk; - %q;fpy; G+uk; - gyh rpj;jpiu – tpy;tk; cj;juk; - myup Rthjp – kUjk; mj;jk; - Nty; tprhfk; - tpsh Nfl;il – gpuha; mtpl;lk; - td;dp %yk; - khkuk; mDrk; - kfpo;

cxxviii

G+uhlk; - tQ;rp rjak; - flk;G cj;juhlk; - gyh cj;jul;lhjp – Ntk;G jpUNthzk; - vUf;F G+ul;lhjp – Njkh Nutjp - ,Yg;ig

ghy; kuk; ,y;yhjpUg;gpd; kNfe;jpug; nghUj;jk; cz;lhdhy; jpUkzk; nra;ayhk;. kNfe;jpug; nghUj;jKk; ,y;yhjtplj;J Mz;> ngz; rhjfj;jpy; 5Mk; ,lk;> 5Mk; ,lj;jpw;Fupatu;> FUtpd; epiy ,tw;iw Muha;e;J KbntLf;fyhk;.

tpthfg; nghUj;jKs;s el;rj;jpuq;fs;

tupir vz;

ngz;Zila el;rj;jpuk;

nghUe;jf; $ba tudpd; el;rj;jpuq;fs;

nghUe;jhj el;rj;jpuq;fs;

1 mr;Rtpdp kfk; %yk;

guzp>Nuhfp>jpUthjp> G+r>G+uk;>mj;jk;> Rthjp>mD\>G+uhlk; jpUNth>rij>cj;jul;

fhu;j;>kpUfrP Gdu;>cj;jp>rpj;jp> tprhf>cj;juhlk;> mtpl;>G+ul;lhjp

2. guzp G+uk; G+uhlk;

fhu;j;jpif kpUf>Gdu;>Map>cj;jp rpj;jpu>tprh>Nfl;>cj;> mtpl;>G+u;>Nut

Nuhfp>jpUthjp.G+rk; mj;jk;>Rthjp>mD\. jpUNth>rij>c.lhjp

3. fpUj;jpif cj;jpuk; cj;jpuhlk;

Nuhfp>jpUthjp> G+r>kfk;>mj;>Rthjp. mD>%yk;>jpUNth rij> c.lhjp>mr;Rtpdp

kpUf>Gdu;>Map>rpj;jp> tprh>Nfl;il>mtpl; G+ul;>Nutjp

4. Nuhfpzp mj;jk; jpUNthzk;

kpU>Gdu;.Map>G+u rpj;>tprh>Nfl;>G+uh mtpl;>G+ul;>Nut guzp

jpUth>G+rk;>kfk;> Rthjp>mD\> %yk;>rjak;>c.lhjp mRt

5 kpUfrPu;lk; rpj;jpiu mtpl;lk;

jpUth>G+rk;>kfk; cj;uk;>Rth>mD> %yk;>c-lk;>rij c-hjp>mRt>fhu;j;

Gdu;>Mapy;> G+uk; tprh>Nfl;>G+uhlk; G+ul;>Nutjp>guzp

6 jpUthjpiu Rthjp rijak;

Gdu;>Map>G+uk;> mj;>tprh>Nfl;> G+uh>jpUNth>G+ul;

G+rk;>kfk;>cj;jpuk; mD\k;>%yk;>c-k; mr;Rtpdp>fhu;j;jpif

cxxix

Nut> guzp>Nuhfp 7 Gdu;tR

tprhfk; G+ul;ljp

G+rk;.kfk;>cj;juk; rjp>mD>%yk;> c.lhjp>mR>f;Uj;> kpU

Mapy;>G+uk;>mj;> Nfl;>G.lk;>jpUNth> Nutjp>guzp> Nuhfpzp

8. G+rk; mD\k; cj;jul;lhjp

Mapy;> G+uk;>mj; Rth>Nfl;>G+uh> jpUNth>rij>Nutjp guzp> Nuhfp> jpUth

kfk;>cj;juk;>rpj;jp> %yk;>mtpl;>mr;Rtpdp> fhu;j;jpif>kpUfrPUlk;

9 Mapy;ak; Nfl;il Nutjp

kfk;> cj;uk;>rpj; tprh>%yk;>c-lk;> mtpl;> G+ul;lhjp> mr;R>fhu;j;>kpUf>Gdu;

G+uk;> mj;>Rthjp> G+uh>jpUNth>rij> guzp>Nuhfp>jpUthjp

nrt;tha; Njhrk;

jpUkzj;jpd; NghJ kpfTk; mtjhdkhfg; ghu;f;f Ntz;ba tplak;

,J. ,yf;fzk;> re;jpud;> Rf;fpud;> Mfpatw;wpw;F 1>7>8-2>4>12>

Mfpa ,lq;fspy; nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy; Njhrnkdf; nfhs;sy;

Ntz;Lk;. kw;iwa ghtf; fpufq;fs; ,Ue;jhYk; Njhrk; cz;L.

Nklk;> tpUl;rpfk;> kfuj;jpy; nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy; Njhrk; ,y;iy.

#upad; FU> rdp MfpNahUld; Nru;e;Njh my;yJ

ghu;f;fg;gl;bUe;jhNyh Njhrkpy;iy. nrt;tha; Njhrk; ,UtUf;Fk;

,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. xUtUf;fpUe;J kw;wtUf;F ,y;yhtpl;lhy;

ngUe;Jd;gq;fs; tho;tpy; Vw;gLk;. mjdhy; NrhjplE}y;fs; nrt;tha;

Njh\gupfhukhfg; gytw;iwf; $wpAs;sd. me;jg; gupfhuq;fSk;

,y;yhtpl;lhy; jpUkzk; nra;af;$lhJ.

1) flf yf;fpdk;> rpk;k ,yf;fpdj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fSf;F nrt;tha;

vq;fpUe;jhYk; Njhrk; ,y;iy.

cxxx

2) nrt;tha; ,Uf;Fk; ,uz;lhk; ,lk; kpJdk; my;yJ

fd;dpahdhy; Njh\kpy;iy.

3) nrt;tha; ,Uf;Fk; ehd;fhkplk;> Nklk;> tpUl;rpfkhdhy;

Njh\kpy;iy.

4) nrt;tha; ,Uf;Fkplk; 7Mk; ,lk;> flfk; kfukhdhy;

Njhrkpy;iy.

5) nrt;tha; ,Uf;Fkplk; vl;lhk; ,lk;> jDR kPdkhdhy;

Njhrkpy;iy.

6) nrt;tha; ,Uf;Fkplk;> gd;dpuz;lhk; ,lk;> ,lgk;> Jyhkhdhy;

Njrhkpy;iy.

7) nrt;tha; FUTld; Nru;e;jpUe;jhy; Njh\kpy;iy.

8) nrt;tha; re;jpuDld; Nru;e;jpUe;jhy; Njh\kpy;iy.

9) nrt;tha; GjDld; Nru;e;jpUe;jhYk;> Gjd; ghu;j;jhYk;

Njh\kpy;iy.

10) nrt;tha;> #upaDld; Nru;e;jpUe;jhYk;> #upad; ghu;j;jhYk;

Njh\kpy;iy.

11) nrt;tha; ,Uf;Fk; ,uhrpapd; mjpgjp yf;fdj;jpw;F 1>4>5>7>9>10

,tw;wpy; vq;fpUe;jhYk; Njh\kpy;iy.

12) 8>12>,y; nrt;tha; ,Uf;Fk;> uhrp> Nklk;> rpq;fk;> tpUr;rpfk;>

kfukhdhy; Njh\kpy;iy.

13) nrt;tha; jdJ cr;r tPlhd kfuj;jpyhtJ> nrhe;j tPLfshd

Nklk;> tpUr;rpf uhrpfspy; ,Ue;jhy; Njh\kpy;iy.

14) rdp>uhF>NfJ ,tu;fSld; $bapUe;jhYk; ,tu;fshw;

ghu;f;fg;gl;lhYk; Njhrkpy;iy.

cxxxi

15) nrt;tha; jdJ kpj;jpuu;fshfpa #upad;> re;jpud;> FU ,tu;fsJ

tPLfshfTk;> rpq;fk;> flfk;> jDR> kPdk; Mfpa uhrpfspy;

vq;fhtJ ,Ue;jhYk; Njh\kpy;iy.

fpufght ml;ltiz

fpuf ght ml;ltiz

cxxxii

yf;fdj;jpw;F fpufghtk; ghu;g;gJ Nghy> re;jpuidAk;> Rf;fpuidAk;

yf;fpdkhff; nfhz;Lk; fpuf ghtk; ghu;g;gJz;L. mg;gbg;

ghu;g;gjhapd; re;jpuid vz;zp> fzpf;fg;gLk; ghtj;jpd;

miug;gq;ifAk;> Rf;fpuid vz;zpf; fzpf;fg;gLk; ghtj;jpd;

fhw;gq;ifAk; yf;fpd ghtj;Jld; $l;bg; ghu;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

Mzpd; fpufghtKk;> ngz;zpd; fpufghtKk; rkkhf ,Ug;gpDk;>

Mzpd; fpufghtj; njhifapy; 75 tPjj;jpw;F Nky; E}Wf;Fs;

ngz;zpd; fpufghtk; ,Ug;gpDk; cj;jkk;.

Mzpd; fpufghtj; njhifapy; Ik;gJ tPjj;jpw;Fk; vOgj;ije;J

tPjj;jpw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l vz;zpf;ifapy; ngz;zpd; fpufghtk;

,Ug;gpd; kj;jpkk;. ngz;zpd; fpufghtk; Mzpd; fpufghtj;jpYk;

Ik;gJ tPjj;jpw;F Fiwe;jhy; nghUe;jhJ.

jpUkzk; nra;a cfe;jehl;fs;> jiyg;gps;isahf ,Ue;jhy;

gpwe;j thuk;> gpwe;j el;rj;jpuk;> gpwe;j khjj;jpy; jpUkzk;

nra;af;$lhJ.

m];tpdp> Gdu;G+rk;> G+rk;> rpj;jpiu> mtpl;lk;> rjak;> Nuhfpzp>

kpUfrPuplk;> kfk;> cj;juk;> mj;jk;> Rthjp> mDrk;> %yk;>

cj;juhlk;> jpUNfhzk;> cj;jul;ljhjp> Nutjp> Mfpa el;rj;jpuq;fs;

rpwe;jit> jiyg;gps;is MZk;> ngz;Zk; Mdpkhj;jpNyh my;yJ

Nfl;il el;rj;jpuj;jpNyh gpwe;jpUe;jhy; jpUkzk; nra;jyhfhJ.

cxxxiii

Vf el;rj;jpuq;fspy; rpy nghUj;jk; ghu;f;fhkNy jpUkzk; nra;ayhk;.

cjhuzkhf jpUNthz el;rj;jpuj;jpy; gpwe;j MZk; ngz;Zk;

jpUkzk; nra;ayhk; vd;W Nrhjpl E}y;fs; $Wfpd;wd. Mdhy;

fpufq;fs; khWk; NghJ ,UtUf;Fk; xNu gyNd elf;Fk;. uhF>NfJ>

FU> rdp vd;gd khWk; NghJk; ,d;gj;ijf; nfhLf;Fk; NghJk;

Jd;gj;ijf; nfhLf;Fk; NghJk; xNu khjpupahfNt nfhLf;Fk;

ml;lkj;Jr; rdp> Voiur; rdp vd;gd elf;Fk; NghJ ,UtUk; ngUk;

Jd;gkiltu;. kidtpapd; gyd; fztUf;Fk;> fztdpd; gyd;

kidtpf;Fk; Jd;g Jau Neuq;fspy; cjTk;. ,UtUf;Fk;

Jd;gkhdhy; cjt ahUk; ,uhu;. ,J Nghy tUkhdk;> njhopy;

Neha; vd;gijAk; mikAk;. vdNt rhjfu;fs; ,t;tplaj;jpy;

ftdkhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. Nfhtyd;> fz;zfp> esd; jkae;jp>

mupr;re;jpud; re;jpukjp Nghd;wtu;fs; Jd;ggl;gl;l NghJ flTshy;

kl;LNk cjt Kbe;jJ. vdNt Vfel;rj;jpuj;ijj; jtpu;j;jy; ed;W.

rhjfk; ,y;yhjtu;fSf;F ifapy; cs;s Nuiffisf; nfhz;L gyd;

nrhy;yyhk;. ,k;Kiw 6000 tUlk; goikahdJ. ,ijtplr;

rhKj;jpupfh rhj;jpuk; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpd;w clypy; cs;s

kr;rf;fisf; nfhz;Lk; mjd; gyd;fis mwpayhk;.

jpUkzk; vd;wJk; rhjfj;ijg; ghu;j;j gpd;Ng epl;rapf;fg;gLfpwJ.

ifNuif> kr;rk;> vz;fs; %yKk; jpUkzg; nghUj;jk; ghu;f;fyhk;.

,it ahTk; 2000 tUlq;fshf eilKiwapy; cs;sd. cau;e;j

cj;jpNahfj;jpy; cs;s xU ngz;iz fy;tp fw;fhj xU Mltd;

tpUk;gpa NghJ juhjuk; ghu;j;J mts; kWj;jhs;. mtdJ rhjfj;jpy;

cxxxiv

Ju;];jhdk; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpd;w 6>8>12 Mk; tPLfspd; mjpgjpfs;

xd;W $ba ,Ue;jdu;.

,jdhy; mtDf;F tpguPj uh[Nahfk; cz;lhdJ. ,g;Ngh mtd;

NfhB];tud;. me;jg; ngz; taJ nrd;Wk; jpUkzkhfhJ

,Uf;fpwhs;. jw;Nghija ngz;fs; VjhtJ njhopypy; ,Ue;jhy; jhk;

gbj;jtu;fs; vd;w fu;tj;jpy; njhopy; ,y;yhjtu;fisAk; jdJ

njhopypYk; ghu;f;ff; Fiwe;j njhopy; nra;gtufisAk;

ntWf;fpd;wdu;. uh[Nahfk; cs;std; gbf;fhtpl;lhYk; murdhfp

tpLthd;. ,ij ahUk; czu;tjpy;iy. Mzpd; rhjf;jpy; nghUj;jk;

,Uf;fh vd;Wk; kl;Lk; ghuhJ mtd; gpw;fhyj;jpy; vt;thW tho;thd;

vd;gijAk; ghu;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,ijf; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;shikahy;

jhd; gbj;j gy ngz;fs; Kjpu;fd;dpfshf ,Uf;fpd;wdu;. tpjpia

kjpahy; nty;yyhk;. mjw;Fr; Nrhjplj;jpy; toptif cz;L.

ifNuif> kr;rk;> vz;fs; gw;wpr; Nrhjpl E}y;fs; $wpatw;iw Ma;T

nra;fpNwd;. ,k;Kaw;rp ntw;wpaspj;jhy; mit E}YUthFk;.

nrt;tha; 1>7>8>2>4>12 ,y; ,Ue;jhy; Njh\k; cz;nld;W

nrhy;yg;gl;lNghJk; mjw;F gupfhuq;fs; $wg;gl;Ls;sd. mJNghy

Vida fpufq;fSk; gifahdhy; mg;gifia ePq;fg; gupfhuq;fs;

cz;L. mjdhy; rhjfu;fs; gag;glj;Njitapy;iy xd;gJ

fpufq;fis tplf;flTs; rf;jp cs;sjhd %isiag; gilj;Js;shu;.

mjdhy; fy;tpiaf; fw;W E}y;fs; gytw;iwg; gbj;J Nkk;glyhk;

vd;gJ rkaj;jpd; fUj;J. mjdhy; flTs; je;j mupa %isiag;

gad;gLj;jp tho;f;ifapy; ntw;wp ngWq;fs;.

cxxxv

nghUj;jk; ghuhky; ahUk; jpUkzk; nra;tjpy;iy. nghUj;jk;

ghu;f;Fk; gyu; rhjfg; nghUj;jj;ij ghu;f;fpwhu;fs;> khg;gps;isapd;

cj;jpNahfj;ijg; ghu;f;fpwhu;fs;. kpFjpiag; ngUk;ghd;ikahdtu;fs;

ghu;g;gjpy;iy. xUtudpd; gpw;fhyk; vg;gb cs;sJ? mtu; FLk;gj;ij

ey;y Kiwapy; ftdpg;ghuh? gjtp cau;Tfs; ngWthuh? r%fj;Jld;

xj;Jg;Nghthuh vd;gijf; ftdpg;gjpy;iy. ,tw;iwf; ftdpj;jhy;

ngUk;ghyhd FLk;gq;fspy; Fog;gq;fs; ,uhJ.

“fhNrhjhd; flTslh..”> fhrpUe;jhy; Mirg;gl;l midj;ijAk;

thq;fyhk;> Njrk; Qhdk; fy;tp <rd; G+ir vy;yhk; fhRf;Fg;

gpd;dhNy.. vd;gJ rpdpkhg;ghly;. nghUs; ,y;yhjhUf;F ,t;Tyf

,d;gk; ,y;iy> jhd jUkk; nra;ahjhUf;F Nkhl;r ,d;gKk; ,y;iy

vd;gJ jpUf;Fws;. ,J ,e;J rkaq;fspd; nfhs;if. ngz;fisg;

nghWj;jtiu Mz;fspy; njhopNy Kd;dpiy ngWfpwJ.

fy;tpawpTs;s Xu; cau;e;j cj;jpNahfj;juhy; jdJ ngz;

gps;isfSf;F itj;jpau;> nghwpapayhsiu thq;fpf; nfhLf;f

KbahJ. Mdhy; fy;tpawptpy;yhj jdte;ju;fshy; mJ KbAk;.

mLj;J Nahfq;fisg; ghu;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;. Nahfq;fisg; gw;wp

vOjpAs;Nsd;. re;jpuDf;Ff; FU 8 my;yJ 12 ,y; ,Ue;jhy;

mr;rhjfu; rf;fuk; Nghyr; Rw;wpf;nfhz;bUg;ghu;. f\;lkhd gyd;fs;

NkNyhq;fpapUf;Fk;.

cxxxvi

#upaDf;F 2,y; re;jpud; uhF> NfJf;fs; ,Uf;ff;$lhJ.

mJNghyr; #upaDf;F 12 ,y; re;jpud; uhF> NfJf;fs;

,Uf;ff;$lhJ. ,Ue;jhy; ,J tho;ehs; KOtJk; cioj;jhYk;

tWikiaf; nfhLf;Fk;.

re;jpuDf;F VNjDk; xU Nfe;jpuj;jpy; FU ,Ue;jhy; gzk;

FtpAk;. re;jpuDf;F 6>7>8 Mk; tPLfspy; Rgu;fs; FU> Gjd;> Rf;fpud;

Nru;e;Njh jdpj;jdpahfNth ,Ue;jhy; Nkyhd njhopy;> FLk;g kfpo;r;rp

ngUk; nrhj;J Mfpad ,Uf;Fk;. re;jpuDk; nrt;thAk; Nru;e;jpUe;jhy;

Ngu;> Gfo;> gzk;. nghUs;> fhzp> G+kp Nkyhd njhopy; vd;gd

fpilf;Fk;.

FU Ml;rp> my;yJ cr;rk; ngw;W yf;fzj;jpw;Nfh> re;jpuDf;Nfh

Nfe;jpuj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy; FLk; kfpo;r;rp> cau;thd gps;isfs;>

ngUe;njhopy;> Nfhbf;fzf;fhd nrhj;Jf;fs; fpilf;Fk;.

yf;fpdk; 7Mk; uhrpiaf; nfhz;Nl fsj;jpu gyidf; fzpj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;. fsj;jpufhud; Rf;fpudhthd; mtNdhL FU $bapUe;jhy;

mtd;Df;F cau;e;j ngz; fpilg;ghs;. Rf;fpuDld; nrt;tha;>

#upad; $bapUe;jhy; mtd; muridg; Nghy tho;thd;. re;jpuDk;>

rdpAk;> Rf;fpuNdhL $bapUe;jhy; jpUkzj;jpy; mtjhdk; Njit.

Vohk; ,uhrpapy; mts; G+g;Gnga;Jjy;> jhk;gj;jpa cwT>

fztdJ RfJf;fq;fspy; gq;Fnfhs;Sjy;> fztdplk;

cxxxvii

gw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy;> fu;g;gfhy tpahjpfs;> mjp\;lk;> Foe;ijfs;

Nghd;wtw;iw mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

vl;lhk; ,uhrpapy; fztdJ MAs;> fztdpd; njhopy;> gjtp

cau;Tfs;> nfsutq;fs;> kjpg;Gfs;> mjp\;lk;> fztdJ Neha;fs;>

kidtpiag; gpupjy; Nghd;wtw;iw mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

,uhF> NfJf;fspy; xUtu; Rf;fpuNdhL $bapUe;jhy; fhjypj;Jj;

jpUkzk; nra;af;$lhJ. kPwpr; nra;tjhy; ,drd tpNuhjk;> ngUk;

mtkhdk; cz;lhFk;. mj;Jld; NfJ> Rf;fpuNdhL Nru;e;J

fsj;jpu];jhdjpy; uhF ,Ue;jgy; mg; ngz; gy Mz;fSld;

njhlu;G nfhz;L gpd; mtu;fshy; iftplg;gl;Lg; igj;jpaf;fhup

Mths;.

FUTld; uhF>NfJ my;yJ rdp Nru;e;jpUe;jhy; ngUe;Jd;gq;fs;

cz;lhFk;. tpthfuj;J> fyfk;> xOf;fkpy;yhj gps;isfs; vd;gdNt

fpilf;Fk;. yf;fzKk; Vida fpufq;fSk; uhF NfJf;fSf;F

kj;jpapy; ,Ue;jhy; ngUe;Jd;gq;fs; cz;lhFk;. rl;bapy; ,Ue;jhy;

jhd; mfg;igapy; tUk;. mJNghy Nahfq;fs; ,Ue;jhy; jhd;

trjpahd tho;T mikAk;.

kidtpahdts; jplfhj;jpukhd cliy cilatshfTk;>

ew;Fzq;fs; cilatshfTk;> fztdpd; rNfhjuu;fs;> ngw;Nwhu;.

cwtpdu;fis kjpj;J elf;ff;$batshfTk;> fpufNjh\k;>

gpjpu;Njh\k; ,y;yhjtshfTk;> Neha; ,y;yhjtshfTk;> Gj;jpu

ghf;fpak; cs;stshfTk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;fhfj;jhd;

cxxxviii

nghUj;jk; ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ. gz;ilf; fhyj;jpy; rhjfg;

nghUj;jq;fshf gd;dpuz;L nghUj;jq;fisAk;> r%f

nghUj;jq;fshf gd;dpuz;L nghUj;jq;fisAk;> FLk;gg;

nghUj;jq;fshf gd;dpuz;L nghUj;jq;fisAk; ghu;j;jdu; ,jd;gb

Kg;gj;jhW nghUj;jq;fs; ghu;f;fg;gl;ld. ,it ahTk; tudpdJk;>

ngz;zpdJk; rhjfj;ijf; nfhz;Nl fzpf;fg;gl;ld.

nghUshjhuk; tsu;e;j gpd; gd;dpuz;L nghUj;jq;fspy; Ie;J

nghUe;jpdhy; NghJk; vd;w epiyAk;> jhypg; nghUj;jk; ,y;yh

tpl;lhy;> „mk;kd; jhyp‟ fl;lyhk; vd;W KbntLg;gJk;>

nghUshjhuj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lNj.

ejpfs;> el;rj;jpuq;fs;> gwitfs;> nrb> nfhbfs; Mfpatw;wpd;

ngau;fisg; ngz;fSf;F itf;f $lhJ. jpUkzj;ij KbT

nra;Ak; NghJ ,UtuJ rhjfj;jpd; Vohk; ghtj;ijf; nfhz;Nl

KbntLf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

fs];j;jpu jhdj;jpw;F ,uz;lhk; ,uhrp ehjd; ,uhF>

nrt;thNahL $bapUe;jhy; mlq;fhj kidtp mikths;.

Vohk; ,uhrpapy; Rf;fpud; ,Ue;J mtDld; Rgf;fpufq;fs;

Nru;e;J> ghtpfs; ghu;f;fhjpUe;jhy; jpUkfisg; Nghd;w kidtp

mikths;.

Kjyhk;> Vohk; ,uhrpfspd; mjpgjpfs; $bg;

ghtf;fpufq;fspy; 6>8>12Mk; ,uhrpfspy; epd;why; jpUkzk;

eilngwhJ. ,g;gbahfg; gytw;iwf; $wyhk;.

cxxxix

Vohkplkhd fs];jpujhdj;ijg; ngupjhf ahUk;

ghu;g;gjpy;iy.

,g;gbg;gy gpur;rpidfisr; rhjfq;fspy; cz;L.

ngUk;ghyhd rhjfq;fs; nghUj;jKiladthf ,Uf;Fk;. kj;jpkkhd

nghUj;jq;fisg; nghUj;jnkd;Wk;> nghUe;jhj rhjfq;fs; 45-50

tPjk; nghUj;jkhdit vd;Wk;> Nrhjplu;fs; $wr; rk;ge;jg;gl;Nlhu;

njhopy;> gzk; Kjypatw;wpw;fhfj; jpUkzk; nra;fpd;wdu;. Mdhy;

FLk;gk; my;Nyhyfy;Nyhyg;gLk;. gzk;>moF> njhopy; vd;gtw;iwg;

ghu;g;gij tpl vjpu;fhyj;ijg; ghu;g;gJ jhd; rpwg;ghdJ.

gQ;rg;guNjrpahf ,Ue;j xU ngz; tudpd; rhjfNahfq;fshy;

NfhB];tupahtJk; cz;L. NfhB];tuu;fs; Nrhw;wpw;F topapy;yhky;

,Ug;gJk; cz;L. xU rpWnjhopypy; cs;std; NkyjpfhupahtJk;

cz;L. Nkyjpfhupah ,Ug;gd; njhopy; ,y;yhkw; NghtJk; cz;L.

,jw;Ff; fhuzk; Nahfq;fs; jhd;. njhopy;> gzk; moifg; ghu;g;gJ

Nghy rhjfu;fspd; vjpu;fhyg; gad;fisAk; fzpj;jgpd;Ng jpUkzk;

nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. vdf;Fj; njupe;j fy;tpawpTk;. nghUSk; ,y;yhj

xUtu; mNj khjpupahf trjp Fiwe;j ngz;izj; jpUkzk; nra;jhu;.

Nahffhupahd mtspd; rhjf gyd;fshy; ngUk; NfhB];tuuhdhu;.

mtupd; %d;W kfs;fSk; %d;W itj;jpau;fisj; jpUkzk;

nra;jdu;.

tho;f;if vd;gJ gzk;> nghUs;> moF> njhopy; vd;gtw;wpy;

,y;;iy. mJ rhjfj;jpy; cs;s Nahfq;fspy; jhd; jq;fpAs;sJ.

cxl

Ju;];jhdk; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLk; 6>8>12 ,d; mjpgjpfs; xd;W

$bNah my;yJ jdpj;jdpahfNth 6>8>12 Mk; tPLfspy; ,Ue;jhy;

guk Vioahf ,Ue;jhYk; jpBnud;W NfhB];tudhthd;. ,J

cz;ikapy; ele;jJ. vdf;Fj; njupe;j xUtUf;Fr; rhjfj;jpy; ,g;gb

,Ue;jJ. mtUf;F Cupy; ngz; nfhLg;ghupy;iy. mt;tsT tWik.

njhopy; nra;ar; nrd;w ,lj;jpy; jd;dpYk; tWikg;gl;l ngz;izf;

fhjypj;J mioj;J te;J tpl;lhu;. Cutu; vtUk; mg;ngz;izg;

ghu;ff;$lr; nry;tpy;iy. %d;W tUlq;fspy; mtu; NfhB];tuu;

Mfptpl;lhu;. ,d;W mtu;jhd; Cupy; ngUk; gzf;fhuu;. mtupd;

Ie;J gps;isfSk; ngUk; cj;jpNahfk; ghu;f;fpwhu;fs;.

,tw;wpw;nfy;yhk; fhuzk; rhjfj;jpy; cs;s Nahfq;fs; jhd;.

Nahfq;fs; 300 ,w;F NkYz;L. ey;y fpufq;fs; ey;y ,lj;jpYk;>

Ju;f;fpufq;fs; nghUj;jkhd ,lq;fspYk; ,Ug;gij Nahfk;

vd;ghu;fs;. ,ijf; ftdpj;jhy; jhd; ey;y gad;fisg; ngwyhk;. gy

rhjfq;fs; Nahfk; fhuzkhfj; jhNk Nru;fpd;wd. gzk;> nghUs;>

moF> njhopy; vd;gtw;wpw;fhf type;J nghUj;jg;gLk; rhjfq;fshy;

rhjfu;fSf;F ve;ehSk; Jd;gq;fs; jhd; NkNyhq;Fk;. ,ijj;

jpUkzk; nra;ag;NghFk; MZk;> ngz;Zk;> ,UtPl;lhu;fSk;

czuy; Ntz;Lk;. fhjypg;gtu;fs; nghUj;jk; ghu;g;gjpy;iy. Mdhy;

fhjypg;gtu;fspy; 90 tPjkhdtu;fspd; rhjfk; nghUe;jp ,Uf;Fk;. tpjp

vd;gJ ,U JUtq;fshf ,Uf;Fk; ,U cs;sq;fisr; Nru;j;J

itg;gJ> ,d;gkhd> Jd;gkhd jd;ikfisj; jUtJ. xUtu;

tpjpapd; njhlu;gpy;yhJ ,d;ndhUtUld; el;Gf;$lf; nfhs;s

KbahJ. fhjy; tpjpfhuzkhf te;J Nru;fpwJ. Ngrg;gLk;

cxli

jpUkzq;fs; tpjpapd;gb te;jhYk; mij %isiag; ghtpj;J

rhjfj;jpy; cs;s Nahfq;fisf; fzpj;j gpd;G jpUkzk; nra;ayhk;.

Mdhy; gzk; nghUs;> moF>njhopy; vd;gd mtw;iwnay;yhk;

kiwj;J tpLfpd;wd. Nahfq;fs; cs;stu;fSf;F nra;Ak; Kaw;rpfs;

ahTk; ntw;wpiaf; nfhLf;fpd;wd.mjp\;lj;ijf; nfhLf;fpd;wd.

Nahfkpy;yhj -tu;fSf;Fr; nra;Ak; Kaw;rpfs; Njhy;tpiaj;

jUfpd;wd. mjdhy; jhd; rpyu; tpahghuj;jpy; ngUk; gzk;

rk;ghjpf;fpd;wdu;. gjtp cau;Tfs; ngWfpd;wdu;. gyu;

el;lkilfpd;wdu;. gjtp cau;Tfs; ngwhJ epakdk; ngw;wgbNa

Xa;T ngWfpd;wdu;. xNu fy;tpia xNu gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; ngw;w

itj;jpau;fs; vy;NyhUk; epGzj;Jtk; ngWtjpy;iy. ,tw;iwr;

rhjfj;ijg; ghu;j;J mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

,d;gKk;> Jd;gKk;> Nkhl;rKk; eufKk; G+kpapy; jhd; cz;L.

xt;nthUtUk; thOk; tPl;bNyNa ,d;g Jd;gq;fis

mDgtpf;fpd;wdu;. ghtg;gl;l Md;kh ghtg;gl;l FLk;gj;jpy; gpwe;J

ngUe;Jd;gq;fis mDgtpf;fpwJ. Gz;zpak; nra;j Md;kh

Gz;zpak; nra;jtu;fsJ FLk;gj;jpy; gpwe;J ngUk; ,d;gq;fis

mDgtpf;fpwJ. vLj;j gpwg;gpy; Gz;zpak; nra;j Md;kh nra;j

Nritfisj; njhlu;e;J nra;a ,iwtd; mDf;fpufk; nra;J ey;y

gpwtpia toq;Ffpwhu; vd;W gftj;fPij nrhy;fpwJ. fPij> gfthd;

fpU\;zuhy; mupr;RdDf;F cgNjrpf;fg;gl;lJ. mJ cz;ikahd

nja;tPf E}y; vd;W ,e;Jf;fs; ,g;NghJk; ek;Gfpd;wdu;. ,J gw;wp

tpupthf> “,d;gj;ij ms;spj;jUk; ,e;Jkjk;” vd;w E}ypy;

cxlii

vOjpAs;Nsd;. rkaKk; NrhjplKk; xU ehzaj;jpd; ,U gf;fq;fs;.

mjdhy; rkak; $Wk; topfisg; gpd;gw;wp vd;Wk; ,d;gk; ngwyhk;.

flTspd; gzp> Xu; Md;khit mJ nra;j Gz;zpa

ghtq;fSf;Nfw;w fUg;igiar; nrd;wila top tFj;jNy jtpu

mjw;F ,d;gJd;gq;fisf; nfhLg;gjy;y vd;W irt rpj;jhe;jk;

$WfpwJ. mjdhy; G+kpapy; ey;y Kiwapy; tho;gtu;fs; ey;y

FLk;gj;ij mile;J rfy nrsghf;fpaq;fSk; ngWthu;fs;. vdNt

xOf;fkhd Kiwapy; tho;e;jhy; mLj;j gpwtp rpwf;Fk;. ,ijtplf;

flTs; gf;jpAs;stu;fs;> flTspd; mUshy; vd;Wk; ed;ikfisg;

ngWgtu;. jPa gyidf; nfhLf;Fk; ];jhdq;fspy; jPa fpufq;fs;

,Ue;jhYk; mtu;fspd; ,Ug;G> Nru;f;ifiag; nghWj;J mtu;fs;

ngUk; ed;ikfisr; nra;tu;. ,J rhjfj;jpy; fpufq;fspd; ,Ug;igf;

nfhz;Nl fzpf;f KbAk;.

epiwthf tpjpiag; gw;wpg;Guhz ,jpfhrq;fs;> Guhjd E}y;fs;

$Wtd kpfTk; tprpj;jpukhdit.ghujf; fijapy; fpU\;zUila

FUtpd; kfidf; flyurd; nfhd;W tpl;lhd;.mtid kPl;ff;

fpU\;zu; fly; muridg; NghUf;F miof;fpwhu;. flyurd; te;J

eL eLq;fpagb> “gpuG> cq;fs; FUtpd; kfid ehd; nfhy;ytpy;iy

ghQ;rhyd; jhd; nfhd;whd;” vd;whd;. mijf; Nfl;L mstpy;yhj

rpdk; nfhz;l fpU\;zu; NfhghNtrj;Jld; ghQ;rh>idg; NghUf;F

miof;fpwhu;. mtd; gf;jpAld; te;J tzq;fp> “gpuG> ehd; jq;fsJ

ifapy; ,Uf;Fk; ghQ;rhyk; vd;w rq;F. mr;rq;if cq;fs; FUtpd;

cxliii

ike;jd; VsdQ; nra;jikahy; nfhd;Nwd;” vd;whu;. mjdhy;

kfpo;e;j fpU\;zu; mtidr; rq;if khw;wpr; rhgtpNkhrdk; mspj;J

Vw;Wj; jdJ fuj;jpy; itj;Jf; nfhz;L akNyhfk; nrd;whu;. akd;

jhd; nfhd;wtu;fisj; jpUg;gpf; nfhLg;gjpy;iy. mJ KiwAk; my;y>

cyf tof;Fky;y mjdhy; nry;Yq;fs; vd;W ,uf;fpwhd;. fpU\;zu;

jhd; mtdJ rhjfr; Rtbiag; ghu;f;f Ntz;Lnkd;whu;. mijr;

re;jpuFg;jd; vLj;Jf; nfhLf;fpwhd;. mJ vOjg;glhj gf;fkhf

,Uf;fpwJ. mJ fpU\;zupd; jpUtpisahly; vd;W Gupe;J nfhz;l

akd; gpur;rpidg;glhJ fpU\;zdJ FUtpd; kfid tUtpj;Jf;

nfhLf;fpwhd;. mg;NghJ ehuju; mt;tplk; te;J @ “gpuG>

flTshYk; tpjpKiwfisg; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;. tpjpia khw;whjPu;fs;”

vd;whu;. mjw;Fr; rpupj;j fpU\;zu;> “ehujNu> tpjpia ehd;

khw;wtpy;iy tpjpg;gb mtd; ,we;jhd;. vdJ mDf;fpufj;jhy; mtd;

capu; ngw;whd;.mJ jhd; tpjp” vd;whu;. ehujuhy; vJTk;

NgrKbatpy;iy. ,J jhd; rq;ffhyk; njhlf;fk; ,d;W tiu

elf;fpwJ. gjtpfs;> gl;lq;fs; tpUJfs; ahTk; Nkyjpfhupfspd;

ifahl;fSf;Nf nfhLf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mijg; ghjpf;fg;gl;Nlhu;

tpjpnad;W ek;gp jpUg;jpg;gLfpd;wdu;. gl;lq;fs;> gjtpfs;> tpUJfs;

ahtw;iwAk; jkf;F Ntz;batu;fSf;F toq;fp tpl;L> “fy;tp

kpfTk; juk; Fiwe;J tpl;lJ” vd;W ftiy ntspapLtJk; tpjpjhd;.

,J jhd; eilKiw. Vw;Wj;jhNd MfNtz;Lk;.

cxliv

Njh\q;fSk; gupfhuq;fSk;

jw;nghOJ gy;NtW fhuzq;fSf;fhfg; nghUj;jq;fs; Kiwahfg;

ghu;f;fg;gLtjpy;iy. ,jdhy; Njh\q;fs; Vw;gLk;. ,jw;Fg;

gupfhuq;fs; ,Ue;jNghjpYk; mit G+uzkhd gyidj; jUk;

vd;wpy;iy. Mz;> ngz; rhjfq;fspy; xd;wpNyh> my;yJ

,uz;bYNkh #upaDk;> re;jpuDk; Nru;e;J kiwtplq;fshd 6>8>12

Mk; ,uhrpfspy; ,Ue;jhYk;> my;yJ me;j ,uhrpfisg; ghu;j;jhYk;

my;yJ me;j ,uhrpfs; Mz; ,uhrpahf ,Ue;jhYk;> Njh\k;

Vw;gLk;. FLk;gj;jpy; epk;kjp FiwT> jhk;gj;jpa cwtpy; jpUg;jpapd;ik>

Gj;jpughf;fpakpd;ik vd;gd cz;lhFk;. ,tu;fspd; re;jpu uhrpfs;

,ul;ilg;gil> (ngz;) ,uhrpfspy; ,Ue;jhy; gupfhuk; nra;ayhk;.

,J gpjpu;Njh\khFk;. gpjpu;fSf;F G+ir md;djhdk; nra;jy;> Fy

nja;topghl;bd; %yk; ,j;Njh\j;ij ePf;fyhk;. gpNujr; rhgj;jhYk;

,j;Njh\k; Vw;gLk;.

FU> re;jpud;> Rf;fpud;> ,uhF Mfpa fpufq;fshy; Njhrk;

cz;lhFk;. ,j;Njhrq;fisj; Nrhjplu;fisf; nfhz;L fzpg;gpj;J

jpUkzj;jpw;F Kd;gjhf Njhr gupfhuq;fs; nra;ag;glNtz;Lk;.

FUthy; jpUkzk; jilg;gl;lhy; Uf;kzp fy;ahzk;>

ghkhtp[ak;> rPjh fy;ahzk;> tp];Z Njhj;jpuk; Kjypatw;iwg;

gbj;jhy; ,j;Njh\k; ePq;Fk;.

Rf;fpudhy; jpUkzk; jilg;gLkhdhy; yl;Rkp G+ir> Ntg;gku

G+ir> Gz;zpa jPu;j;;jq;fspy; ePuhly;> ngsu;zkp jpdj;jpy;

cxlv

rj;jpaehuha G+ir nra;J %d;W mbatu;fSf;F cztspj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; jpUtpsf;Fg; G+ir> yypjhk;gpif G+ir> yypjh

rf];u ehkk; gbg;gjd; %yk; Njh\k; ePq;Fk;.

,uhF>NfJf;fshy; jpUkzk; jilg;gl;lhy;> nrt;tha;f; fpoik>

jpUthjpiu el;rj;jpukd;W Njtp G+ir> ru;g;g G+ir nra;jhy;

,j;Njh\k; ePq;Fk;.

,ijtpl xt;nthUtUk; gpwe;j el;rj;jpuj;jpdhYk; Njh\k;

Vw;glyhk;. ,J fpufNjh\j;ij tplf; nfhbaJ. mr;Rtpdp> kfk;>

%y el;rj;jpuj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fSf;F jpUkzj; jil Vw;gl;lhy; fNzr

ftrk; gbj;J> fzgjp N`hkk; nra;J Nkhjfk;> mty;> ru;f;fiur;

rhjk; gilj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

guzp> G+uk;> G+uhlk; el;rj;jpuj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fSf;F el;rj;jpu

Njh\k; cz;lhdhy; ,yl;Rkp> eurpk;kUf;F mgpNrfk; nra;J>

Uf;kzp fy;ahzk;> guhazk; Nfl;L> Fq;Fkg; G+tpy; ghy; fye;J

fha;r;rp fpU\;zUf;Fg; gilj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

jpUthjpiu> Rthjp> rjael;rj;jpuj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fSf;F

,uhFtpdhy; jpUkzj; jil Vw;gl;lhy; ,uh[uhN[];tup>

GtNd];tup mk;kDf;F rptg;G Gilit> gpr;rpg;G+ rku;g;gpj;J mu;r;rid

nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; Viof; fd;dpg; ngz;fSf;Fr; Nriy

jhdk; nra;J> cOj;jk; khtpdhy; Nfhykpl;L mk;ghisf;

fu;g;G+uj;jhy; mu;r;rpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

cxlvi

,tw;NwhL Ju;f;iff;F vYkpr;rk;go khiy mzptpj;jy;>

Qhapw;Wf;fpoikfspy; tpehafUf;F nts;nsUf;fk;G+ khiy

mzptpj;jy;> rptDf;F mgpNrfk; nra;jy;> mNahj;jpah fhz;lk;

gbj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

NfJ> jpUkzj;jpw;Fj; jil nra;tjpy;iy. rpyNtisfspy; Njhrk;

,Uf;Fk; vd;W vz;zpdhy; fzgjp N`hkk; nra;J tpehafUf;F

mWfk;Gy; khiy rhj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.

Mz;fspd; rhjfj;jpy; #upad; 4>7>12 Mk; ,uhrpfspy; ,Ug;gJk;>

rdpNahL Nru;e;jpUe;jhYk; NjhrkhFk;. ,jdhy; Mz;ikf;FiwT>

,UjaNeha;> gf;fthjk;> vd;Dk; Neha;fisf; nfhLf;Fk;. ngz;fspd;

rhjfj;jpy; ,t;thW ,Ue;jhy; gytPdk; fztd; kidtpapilNa

xw;Wikapd;ik Vw;gLk;. ,jw;F rj;jpaehuhaz G+ir nra;J gRtpw;F

jiythioapiyapy; ru;f;fiug; nghq;fYk; goKk; gilj;J mij

cz;zf; nfhLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. gpuhkzu;fSf;Fj; jhdk; nfhLg;gJ

rpwg;G.

nrt;tha; Njh\k; ,Ue;jhy; eluh[u;> Nrhk];fe;ju;> rptd;>

ypq;Nfhj;gtu; Mfpa rptypq;fq;fSf;F mgpNrfKk; mu;r;ridAk;

nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. nghJthfj; Njh\q;fSf;Fg; gy;NtW fhuzq;fs;

,Uf;Fk;. irtu;fs; rptidAk; rf;jpiaAk; tzq;fp te;jhy;

midj;Jj; Njh\q;fSk; ePq;Fk;. jpUePw;Wg;gjpfk;> ekrptha gjpfk;>

NfhsWgjpfk;> rptGuhzk; vd;gtw;iwj; jpdKk; Xjpr; rptopghL nra;J

cxlvii

te;jhy; vy;yhj; NjhrKk; ePq;Fk;. FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp ngUFk;.

NjhrKs;s rhjfu;fs; Njhr ePq;fj;jpw;fhfr; nra;Ak; G+irfisAk;>

jhdq;fisAk; jkJ nrhe;j ciog;gpy; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. gpwupd;

gzkhdhy; Gz;zpa gyd;fs; nghUs; je;jhu;fisf; Nru;e;J tpLk;

vd;W irtrkak; $WfpwJ. mjdhy; gadpy;yhJ Ngha;tpLk;.

gpuhu;j;jidfs; Mirfisj; jPu;g;gjw;fhd topahf ,Uf;ff;$lhJ.

mj;Jld; epge;idfs; ,y;yhjpUj;jYk; Ntz;Lk;. nray;fSf;fhd

gyd; fl;lhak; fpilf;Fk;. Mdhy; mijg; gw;wp vz;zf;$lhJ

vd;fpwJ. gftj;fPij. tzq;Fk; Nehf;fk; flTSf;Fj; njupAk;

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