FQ: How does the Cold War FQ: How does the Cold War End?End?

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AgendaAgenda(10 min)- (10 min)- DBQ Pre-WriteDBQ Pre-Write(20 min)- Notes: (20 min)- Notes: End of the End of the Cold WarCold War(25 min)- (25 min)- Class Activity: DBQ Class Activity: DBQ Essays Essays -Review: DBQ Responses-Review: DBQ Responses-Review: DBQ Essay Pre-write -Review: DBQ Essay Pre-write (Template)(Template)-Review: Adding DBQ to DBQ -Review: Adding DBQ to DBQ EssayEssay(5 min)(5 min)- Wrap Up: Class - Wrap Up: Class Discussion Discussion

19451945-Yalta and Potsdam Conferences-Yalta and Potsdam Conferences19471947-Truman Doctrine-Truman Doctrine19481948-Czechoslovakia and NATO -Czechoslovakia and NATO

Berlin Blockade and Airlift Berlin Blockade and Airlift19491949-USSR exploded 1-USSR exploded 1stst A-Bomb A-Bomb19501950-Korean War-Korean War19541954-Vietnam War-Vietnam War19551955-Warsaw Pact formed-Warsaw Pact formed19621962-Cuban Missile Crisis-Cuban Missile Crisis19891989-Communist Eastern Europe collapsed -Communist Eastern Europe collapsed Berlin Wall falls Berlin Wall falls19911991-Soviet Union broke up-Soviet Union broke up

Soviet Policy in Eastern Europe and ChinaSoviet Policy in Eastern Europe and China

Destalinization and Rumblings Destalinization and Rumblings of Protestof Protest

Nikita KhrushchevNikita Khrushchev—leader of —leader of Soviet Union after Stalin dies Soviet Union after Stalin dies (1953)(1953)

Khrushchev condemns Stalin; Khrushchev condemns Stalin; Soviets and West can peacefully Soviets and West can peacefully competecompete

Citizens of Soviet-controlled Citizens of Soviet-controlled governments begin protesting governments begin protesting communismcommunism

Khrushchev sends Soviet military Khrushchev sends Soviet military to put down Hungarian protesters.to put down Hungarian protesters.

Soviet Policy in Eastern Europe and ChinaSoviet Policy in Eastern Europe and China

The Revolt in The Revolt in CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia Leonid BrezhnevLeonid Brezhnev——

Soviet leader after Soviet leader after Khrushchev—Khrushchev—represses dissentrepresses dissent

In 1968, Warsaw Pact In 1968, Warsaw Pact troops block reforms in troops block reforms in CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia

From Brinkmanship to DFrom Brinkmanship to Détenteétente

Brinkmanship Breaks DownBrinkmanship Breaks Down Brinkmanship cause repeated Brinkmanship cause repeated

crises; nuclear war a constant crises; nuclear war a constant threatthreat

John F. KennedyJohn F. Kennedy—U.S. —U.S. president during the Cuban president during the Cuban Missile CrisisMissile Crisis

Lyndon JohnsonLyndon Johnson—president —president who increases U.S. who increases U.S. involvement in Vietnaminvolvement in Vietnam

From Brinkmanship to DFrom Brinkmanship to DétenteétenteThe United States Turns to The United States Turns to DDétenteétente

Vietnam-era turmoil fuels desire Vietnam-era turmoil fuels desire for less confrontational policyfor less confrontational policy

DétenteDétente—policy of reducing Cold —policy of reducing Cold War tensions to avoid conflictWar tensions to avoid conflict

Richard M. NixonRichard M. Nixon—U.S. president —U.S. president who launches détentewho launches détente

Détente grows out of philosophy Détente grows out of philosophy known as realpolitik—”realistic known as realpolitik—”realistic politics”—recognizes need to be politics”—recognizes need to be practical and flexiblepractical and flexible

From Brinkmanship to DFrom Brinkmanship to Détenteétente

Nixon Visits Communist PowersNixon Visits Communist Powers Nixon visits Communist China and Soviet Nixon visits Communist China and Soviet

Union, signs SALT I TreatyUnion, signs SALT I Treaty SALTSALT—Strategic Arms Limitation Talks——Strategic Arms Limitation Talks—

limits nuclear weaponslimits nuclear weapons

Nixon visiting China

The Collapse of DThe Collapse of Détenteétente

Policy ChangesPolicy Changes Nixon and Gerald Ford improve relations with Nixon and Gerald Ford improve relations with

Soviets and ChinaSoviets and China Jimmy Carter has concerns about Soviet Jimmy Carter has concerns about Soviet

policies but signs SALT IIpolicies but signs SALT II Congress will not ratify SALT II due to Soviet Congress will not ratify SALT II due to Soviet

invasion of Afghanistaninvasion of Afghanistan

The Collapse of DThe Collapse of Détenteétente

Reagan Takes an Anti-Reagan Takes an Anti-Communist StanceCommunist Stance Ronald ReaganRonald Reagan—anti-—anti-

Communist U.S. president Communist U.S. president takes office in 1981takes office in 1981

Reagan increases military Reagan increases military spending and proposes a spending and proposes a missile defense programmissile defense program

In 1985, new Soviet leadership In 1985, new Soviet leadership allows easing of Cold War allows easing of Cold War tensionstensions

Problems in the Soviet UnionProblems in the Soviet UnionBy the mid-1980s, Communist By the mid-1980s, Communist government of USSR government of USSR was inefficient; the was inefficient; the economy was really economy was really badbadThe Soviet satellites The Soviet satellites in Eastern Europe were in economic in Eastern Europe were in economic ruin: had low industrial production & ruin: had low industrial production & food shortagesfood shortages

Mikhail Gorbachev Mikhail Gorbachev

Mikhail Gorbachev Mikhail Gorbachev March 11, 1985March 11, 1985Inherited many Inherited many problems; recognized problems; recognized need for change (the need for change (the economy needed economy needed fundamental reforms)fundamental reforms)Introduced two-tiered Introduced two-tiered policy of reform to meet policy of reform to meet the needs of the the needs of the Russian stateRussian state

Policy #1: Policy #1: GlasnostGlasnostOpennessOpennessPolicy to end censorship Policy to end censorship and encouraged people and encouraged people to discuss openly the to discuss openly the problems of the Soviet problems of the Soviet UnionUnion..Unwittingly unleashed Unwittingly unleashed emotions and political emotions and political feelings that had been feelings that had been pent up for decadespent up for decadesPandora’s BoxPandora’s Box

Policy #2: Policy #2: PerestroikaPerestroika Economic reform and Economic reform and rebuilding (complete rebuilding (complete economic restructuring- economic restructuring- Free Market)Free Market)did not have the did not have the immediate results immediate results Gorbachev had hoped for Gorbachev had hoped for and had publicly predictedand had publicly predictedUnsuccessful – Unsuccessful – Negative Negative Effect- Inflation, shortage Effect- Inflation, shortage of food and medicineof food and medicinePeople used free speech People used free speech to criticize Gorbachevto criticize Gorbachev

Berlin WallBerlin WallJune 12, 1987, Reagan June 12, 1987, Reagan challenged Gorbachev:challenged Gorbachev:““General Secretary General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek Europe, if you seek liberalization: Come here liberalization: Come here to this gate! Mr. to this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, open this Gorbachev, open this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, tear gate! Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!”down this wall!”

Fall of Berlin Wall, Soviet Union Fall of Berlin Wall, Soviet Union DissolvesDissolves

NOVEMBER 9, 1989 – Berlin Wall comes NOVEMBER 9, 1989 – Berlin Wall comes downdown

Fall of Communism in EuropeFall of Communism in Europe

1991 Fall of Soviet Union (end of Cold 1991 Fall of Soviet Union (end of Cold War) War) Beginning of Persian Gulf War (Desert Beginning of Persian Gulf War (Desert Storm)Storm)

USSR CollapsesUSSR CollapsesUSSR was a union of 15 republics USSR was a union of 15 republics (states); Russia was the largest; (states); Russia was the largest; non-Russian states resented Russia’s non-Russian states resented Russia’s control of USSRcontrol of USSRIn 1990, Latvia, Lithuania, In 1990, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia declared Estonia declared independence from USSR; independence from USSR; began movement for all began movement for all Soviet states to declare Soviet states to declare independence from USSR independence from USSR by 1991by 1991

Mikhail GORBACHEV RESIGNED the Mikhail GORBACHEV RESIGNED the presidency of the Soviet Union on December presidency of the Soviet Union on December 25, 1991 and the Soviet Union was 25, 1991 and the Soviet Union was DISSOLVED by the next weekDISSOLVED by the next week

Soviet Union was REPLACED by a LOOSE Soviet Union was REPLACED by a LOOSE ALLIANCE of former Soviet republics called ALLIANCE of former Soviet republics called the COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT the COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATESSTATES

Commonwealth of Independent Commonwealth of Independent StatesStates