FRAGRANCED CANDLESFOR

LATIN AMERICA

Steve Herman Esther MoreraVP Technology VP Operations

OUTLINE 1• Olfaction• Fragrance chemistry• Candles

OUTLINE 2

• Fragrance types• Color• Skin safety• Respiratory safety

THE MARKET Fragranced candles are

very important in US…Are Europe and Latin America next?

UNIVERSAL NEED

Even if there is not currently a major domestic market for fragranced candles,it is still necessary to understand technology for export,and to be prepared for the future

FRAGRANCE AS A TOOL

Tool for marketing, psychology

Air freshenersDecoration-design, colorAromatherapy

OLFACTIONThe science of odor reception

AGE AND OLFACTION

TESTING OLFACTION• Magnitude Estimation:

“How strongly do you smell the odor?”

• Threshold Determination

• Association Judgments: “What did the odor smell like?”

FRAGRANCECHEMICALS

CHEMICAL TYPESAlcoholsAldehydes & KetonesAliphatic & Aromatic EstersNitrilesEthersLactonesHeterocyclicsTerpenes

FRAGRANCE CARRIERS

• DOA (Di Octyl Adipate)• DEP (Di Ethyl Phthalate)• BB (Benzyl Benzoate)• Hercolyn D

DEP-FACTS VS RUMORS

Many phthlates, for example DBP (dibutyl phthalate) and DEHP (diethylhexyl phthlate) can cause reproductive problems. But DEP (diethyl phthalate) given clean safety record from CIR, FDA, EPA, RIFM, COLIPA, Health Canada, etc

STORAGE EFFECTS

• Elevated Temperatures• UV Radiation• Moisture• Oxidation

Accelerate change or deterioration

FLASH POINTSFlashpoint by ASTM D56 – Flash point is defined as the temperature to which a fuel must be heated to produce an ignitable vapor-air mixture above the liquid fuel when exposed to an open flame.

International Air Transport Association’s (IATA)

Flash point 141°F and above to ship by air

BASE CONCERNS

Modify for base:Paraffin-least polarVeggie-more polarPetrolatumOther additives

CANDLE FRAGRANCES

• Soluble• Burn clean• Cold throw• Hot throw• No effect on color, stability

WAX POLARITY•Not all fragrance types work with completely non-polar paraffins

•Hydroxy groups in some base blends can expand fragrance spectrum

BURN FACTORS

• Wax and additives• Perfume and level• Diameter of candle• Wick

FlameHeight

MoltenWax

WickDiameter

Wax,FragranceandAdditives

WickTab

GEL CANDLES

• Perfect solubility in mineral oil• Flash point over 170 °F

Combination offragrance concentrationand low flash point can cause flare

AIR FRESHENER

Gel AF higher fragrance loadbut NOT for candle-flammable!

PETROLATUM

• More polar• Easier to fragrance-

more creative types• Higher loads

OTHER ADDITIVES

• Vybar• Microcrystalline wax• Stearic acid• Mineral oil

COMBINATIONSGel in wax • Wax in gel • Swirl

Fabulous visual appeal

SWIRL

Proper balanceof gel and wax,plus speciallydesignedequipment

Fragrance impactCold throw, Hot throw

AESTHETICS

Color/fragrance stability

Light testing

UV stabilizers

STABILITY

THE LATIN EXPLOSION

1 out of 8 Americans is of Hispanic origin or descent•Latin Americans are the countries largest minority with approximately 50% of that market being fueled by immigration•They are a young population with a median age span of upper 20’s – mid 30’s•Buying power has increased 84.4% to $383 billion since 1990 and that figure is expected to grow to $450 billion by 2015•These consumers love to spend money!

MUSICLATIN STARS HAVE HIT SEX SYMBOL STATUS IN THE US

Latin musicians Jennifer Lopez, Shakira and Enrique Iglesias are at the top of US music charts and Jennifer Lopez has become the new role model with her multi-faceted career in music, movies, fashion and fragrance. Consumers’ love of the Latin beat has inspired the rise of Latin dancing, clubs and even work-out classes!

DANCING

SALSASALSA IS THE #1 CONDIMENT IN THE US

Latin cuisine is a favorite for US consumers, not only with the popularity of Tex Mex chains, and authentic Latin restaurants across the country.

The Latin influence is also evident in grocery stores where US manufacturers are finally catching on to the fact that consumers love Latin flavors!

Heinz launched a line of flavored ketchup designed to feed adults' passion for bolder flavors. Latin-influenced introductions have also been made by Ocean Spray, Doritos and Del Monte.

MOVIESTALENTED, BEAUTIFUL, PASSIONATE

Headliner Jennifer Lopez was the first female Latin movie star to make over $1 million, paving the way for other Latin actresses, such as Salma Hayek and Penelope Cruz.

RECORD-BREAKING ABILITY

With records that include being the first player in the big league to have three 60-homer campaigns, having homered at least 50 times during each of the last four seasons, Sammy Sosa’s ability to play baseball is not only entertaining, but his love for the game is inspiring.

SPORTS

FRAGRANCESELECTION

FOOD & BEVERAGES

FOOD PREFERENCESMexico Brazil & S. America US

• Chocolate• Vanilla• Chicken• Strawberry• Beef • Tutti-

frutti/redberries

• Green pea

• Chocolate• Vanilla• Chicken• Strawberry• Cheddar• Apple • Citrus• Malta• Chili• Mint

•Chocolate•Vanilla•Chicken•Cheeses •Berries•Beef •Apple•Citrus •Melon•Tomato•Potato

Mexico•Cola•Orange•Lemon Lime•Fruit Punch•Grape•Coffee•Apple•Grapefruit•Mixers•Tamarind•Peach

Brazil & South America

•Cola•Orange•Mandarin•Lemon

US•Cola•Orange •Lemon Lime•Fruit Punch•Grape•Coffee•Cranberry•Cherry•Tea•Fruit/Vegetable Blend•Vegetable Blends•Vanilla•Chocolate

BEVERAGE PREFERENCES

FLOWERS

FLOWERS

Rose•Prevalent in cream products•Given for special occasions

Lavender•Well known fragrance•Used in most successful personal and household products

White flowers, such as Jasmin, are also popular

Preference for classical flowers•Bougainvillea•Geranium

•Violet•Daisy

•Lily

Synesthesia-The color of odors

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RIFM/IFRA

For thirty years, the fragrance industry has had a continuousprogram of safety testing, and the process has no end in sight.

NON-SKIN CONTACT

• Solid air fresheners• Plug-in air fresheners• Insecticides• Toilet blocks• Incense sticks• Candles• Plastic articles

SKIN CONTACT• Aerosols• Detergents• Potpourri• Carpet powders• Household cleaning products• Liquid refills for air fresheners

RESPIRATORY SAFETY PROJECT

• Exposure – 3 product forms– Aerosol air freshener – highest exposure in

the shortest time span– Plug-in air freshener – sustained exposure– Fine fragrance – product form most

commonly associated with fragrance use

Are candles next?

CONCLUSIONFragrance

exposure depends on product type

Soot emissions from scented candles were significantly higher than those from non-

SOOT

scented candles. Soot production from non-scented candles, that produced soot, ranged from 20-175 µg/min/wick.Soot production from scented candles, that produced soot, ranged from 20-3100 µg/min/wick.

WEB SITESwww.alafave.orgwww.candles.orgwww.ifraorg.orghttp://rifm.org (members)

www.iata.orgwww.dot.govwww.osha.gov

QUESTIONS & COMMENTS