France= 8.4 Million Troops Great Brit= 8.9 Million Trps Russia= 12 million Troops Italy= 5 Million troops America= 4.7 Million troops Germany= 11 million

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France= 8.4 Million Troops

Great Brit= 8.9 Million TrpsRussia= 12 million TroopsItaly= 5 Million troopsAmerica= 4.7 Million troops

Germany= 11 million TrpsAustria-H= 7.8 MillionOttoman Empire= 3 million

Factors that led to WWII• NOV. 11th 1918

– Central Power collapse and the allies win.

– WWI comes to an end• Representatives from 32 different

countries met in the Palace of Versailles in France. And created the Versailles Treaty which officially ended WWI– The three most powerful leaders

made most of the decisions. Wilson from the USA,Clemenceau of France and Lloyd George of Great Britain.

• Germany had no Representation at the peace conference



Treaty of Versailles • The French wanted

revenge on Germany because most of the battles took place in France

• President Wilson wanted lasting peace so they wouldn't need to go to War again.

• President Wilson’s 14 points– A plan for keeping

global peace • Goals of the 14 points

• Fair Treatment of Germany at the Treaty of Versailles– Eliminate secret

Alliance– Self-Determination for

all new countries• Self-Determination

People decide what type of Government they wanted

• Creation of a “League of Nations” was designed to negotiate disagreements between countries and avoid future wars.

Terms of the Treaty• Territory loses – Germany had to give

Alcace-Lorain to France– All of Germany’s overseas

colonies were confiscated and given to Britain and France

• Military Restrictions– Size limit of 100,000 men– Germany prohibited from

building offensive war machines like tanks, submarines, cannons

– Border with France “Rhineland” must remain Demilitarized



Versailles Fall Out!• The most insulting part of the

VT was how the blame of WWI was placed

• Germany must claim sole Responsibility for War– Germany Must pay 33 Billion

Dollars in Reparations over 30 years to Britain and France

• WWI left many of the European Countries Bankrupt

Because the nations of Europe had borrowed huge amounts of $$ to pay for the running a 4 year war

Consequences of the Treaty• Germany paid for the war by simply

printing more money, instead of raising taxes.

• 33 billion in War reparations paid by simply printing more money. – Value of German Money fell– German Economy was hit by

Hyperinflation – 1914 (4Marks=1$) by 1923 (4.2

Trillion Marks=1$)• German Citizens need more and more

$$ to pay for simple goods– By 1923 a loaf of Bread cost

200 Billion Marks





Rise of Fascism in Europe• After WWI and the economic

depression that followed, people in Germany and Italy looked for strong leadership thus Fascism take hold.– Fascism- political

movement that emphasized loyalty and obedience to the state and the leader

• Fascist leaders promised to revive the economy…punish those who were responsible for the depression…and restore national pride.



Benito MussoliniIL Duce

“The Leader”

Italian Fascism • Benito Mussolini• Newspaper editor

founded the Italian fascist party in 1919.

• Not much popularity early

• But as economy got bad citizens turned to him for leadership– Italian Democratic gov.

seemed Helpless– He promised to revive

the economy and rebuild the Italian military

• Needed a scapegoat for the economic crisis

• Blamed the communist and socialists

• Black shirts spread propaganda about the communists…would attack them in the streets– 1922 Mussolini and

black shirts march into Rome and demand power.

– Mussolini seized power legally

Nazism• 1919 WWI veteran Adolph

Hitler joins small right wing political organization “NAZI Party”– Nazi’s main goals are

to…•Destroy communists•Overturn the “unfair”

treaty of Versailles– Nazi Party adopts

swastika as it symbol– Form a small paramilitary

group known as Brown Shirts or Storm troopers



Hitler• Hitler was such a great charismatic speaker that the Nazi party appointed him “der fuhrer” (The Leader)

• Tried to take over the German government in Munich in 1923, but fails “Beer Hall Putsch” – Was arrested for failed coup – While in jail wrote “Mein

Kampf” which translates to “My Struggle”•In his book he claims that

Germans are the master race

•And blames all the post WWI problems on Jews and other “inferior Races” (Scapegoat)



Similarities • Both Mussolini and Hitler remained relatively small time players until the Great Depression hit in 1929

• Hitler was appointed Chancellor in 1933, again both Hitler and Mussolini came to power legally.

• After taking power Hitler had his opponents either arrested or killed, by his secret police known as the Brown Shirts– This shocked the rest of

Germany into obedience



Documents

France= 8.4 Million Troops Great Brit= 8.9 Million Trps Russia= 12 million Troops Italy= 5 Million troops America= 4.7 Million troops Germany= 11 million