France: The Bourbon “Restoration” Era

(1815-1830)

Objective~ Understand the situation of France after the

Congress

4 Louis XVIII Constitutional monarch (liberal) made The Charter

“The Charter”

Limited royal power, upheld the Napoleonic Code.

4 Louis brother, Charles X (Count of Artois) firm believer of Divine Rights (Conservative)

4 Leader of Ultraroyalist fought against this (suffered from rev.)

4 White Terror~ revenge on liberals

4 Framed liberals for murder of son

4 driven out of politics

Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)

King Charles X (r. 1824-1830)

King Charles X of France (r. 1824-1830)

King Charles X of France (r. 1824-1830)4 His Goals:

Lessen the influence of the middle class.

Limit right to vote.

Public $$$ used to pay nobles for loss of lands during Rev.

Absolutism

4 His Program: Attack The Charter.

Censorship

4 1830 Election liberals won majority.

4 July Ordinances He dissolved the entire parliament.

Censorship.

Changed the voting laws to assure future conservative victories.

Charles X abdicated & exiled to England

CONT.CONT.

Louis Philippe The “Citizen King”

Louis Philippe The “Citizen King”4 The Duke of Orleans (Liberal minded)

4 His Program:

Reduced property qualifications~ doubled voters

Abolished censorship

The Fr Revolution’s tricolor replaced the Bourbon flag

4 The gov. under the control of the wealthy middle class.

(r. 1830-1848)

Louis Philippe The “Citizen King”

Louis Philippe The “Citizen King”4 Government ignored the

needs/demands of the workers

4 July, 1832 an uprising in Paris was put down by force (800 were killed/wounded)

Seen as a violation of the status quo set at the Congress of Vienna.

King Louis Philippe lost control forced to abdicate

A caricature ofLouis Philippe

The 2The 2ndnd French Republic French Republic ((1848-18521848-1852))

G General Louis Cavaignac assumed dictatorial powers/crushed revolt.

10,000 dead. Victory for conservatives.

G New constitution provided for:

An elected President. A one-house legislature.

The RepublicThe Republicbyby

Jean-Leon GeromeJean-Leon Gerome

President Louis Nap. Bonaparte President Louis Nap. Bonaparte (Nap. III) (Nap. III)

• The Dec. election:– The “law and order” candidate,

(Nap.) defeated Cavaignac.

• The New President: – Purged the gov. of radicals.

• Replaced with ultra-conservative

– Quarreled w/ National Assembly • Represented himself as a “Man of the People.”

• Assembly refused to allow him to be re-elected

– Regularly used forced against dissenters.

Nap’s nephew

““Little Nap” staged a Coup 1851Little Nap” staged a Coup 1851• Pres. Louis Napoleon

declared a hereditary 2nd French Empire.

• A national VOTE confirmed this (7.5 mil)

• Controlled the legislature, censored the press, harassed rebels– Supported by army, property

owners, church, peasants…

1852 named Emperor Nap. III

The “Concert” of Europe The “Concert” of Europe

4 Goal~ balance of power (peace, maintain the status quo~ conservative)

The Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle [1816]

Removal of troops in France-France in good standing

The Congress of Troppau [1820] & Congress of Laibach [1821]

Stable gov. may intervene to restore order in countries experiencing rev.

The Congress of Verona [1822]

Joint Action~ suppress rev. in Spain (1820) against Ferdinand VII (Bourbon) Ignored constitution

Britain withdrew from continental affairs

Ap Test Prep (pg 686-687)

• Complete #s 1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,16