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1 | Ralf Sussmann et al.: | German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations
German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations Ralf Sussmann, KIT/IMK-IFU, Garmisch Thomas Blumenstock, KIT/IMK-ASF, Karlsruhe Dietrich Feist, MPI-BGC, Jena Frank Hase, KIT/IMK-ASF, Karlsruhe Justus Notholt, IUP, Bremen Mathias Palm, IUP, Bremen Markus Rettinger, KIT/IMK-IFU, Garmisch Matthias Schneider, KIT/IMK-ASF, Karlsruhe Mahesh Kumar Sha, BIRA-IASB, Brussels Corinne Vigouroux, BIRA-IASB, Brussels Thorsten Warneke, IUP, Bremen
• NDACC – differences to TCCON • German contribution to NIDFORVal &
TCCON4S5P • CO an CH4 validation strategy
2 | Ralf Sussmann et al.: | German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations
site measurement mode* latitude longitude altitude
[km] PIs
Ny-Ålesund1 (Spitsbergen)
TCCON & NDACC
78.9 °N
11.9 °E
0.02 J. Notholt & J. Notholt
Kiruna2 (Sweden) NDACC 67.8 N 20.4 E 0.42 T. Blumenstock
Białystok1 (Poland) TCCON 53.2 °N 23.0 °E 0.18 T. Warneke
Bremen1 (Germany)
TCCON & NDACC
53.1°N 8.9°E 0.03 J. Notholt & T. Warneke
Karlsruhe2 (Germany)
TCCON & NDACC
49.1 °N 8.4 °E 0.110 F. Hase
Orléans1 (France) TCCON 48.0 °N 2.1 °E 0.13 T. Warneke
Garmisch3 (Germany)
TCCON & NDACC
47.5 °N 11.1 °E 0.743 R. Sussmann & R. Sussmann
Zugspitze3 (Germany)
TCCON & NDACC
47.4 °N 11.0 °E 2.964 R. Sussmann & R. Sussmann
Izaña2 (Tenerife) TCCON & NDACC
28.3 °N 16.5 °W 2.370 M. Schneider & T.
Blumenstock
Palau1 (start Jan 2016) NDACC 7.0°N 134°E 0.005 M. Palm
Paramaribo1 (Suriname) NDACC 5.9°N 55.0 °W 0.007 T. Warneke
Ascension Island4
TCCON 7.9 °S 14.3 °W 0.03 D. Feist
• the European FTIR community comprises 16 FTIR sites
• 12 of these (Table) are run by the 4 German FTIR groups
FTIR sites operated by German groups within TCCON and NDACC 1operated by IUP Bremen; 2operated by KIT/IMK-ASF; 3operated by KIT/IMK-IFU; 4operated by MPI-BGC.
3 | Ralf Sussmann et al.: | German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations
TCCON has been started in 2004 with satellite validation in mind → Near-infrared solar FTIR’s, use O2 to retrieve dry-air column → XCO2, XCH4, XCO, XN2O, XHF, XH2O, XHDO → Highly homogenized network → Calibrated to WMO scale → High accuracy / precision (2% / 1% for CO and 0.2% / 0.3% for CH4) → Global coverage (80° N – 45° S) → Data is used to validate satellite measurement from GOSAT (TANSO-FTS), ENVISAT (SCIAMACHY) and OCO-2 → TCCON and TROPOMI measure CO and CH4 in the same spectral region
TCCON overview
4 | Ralf Sussmann et al.: | German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations
TCCON: global CO and CH4 time series
courtesy: Debra Wunch, California Institute of Technology
5 | Ralf Sussmann et al.: | German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations
NDACC overview: started in 1992
6 | Ralf Sussmann et al.: | German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations
First SCIA CO validation: Sussmann and Buchwitz, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2005 First SCIA CH4 valid.: Sussmann, Stremme, Buchwitz, de Beek, ACP, 2005
SCIA: Channel 8, icing issue WFMD v0.4 WFMD v0.41
Zugspitze FTIR
NDACC does not measure O2 columns, and is not calibrated to WMO
NDACC FTIR: Heritage SCIAMACHY validation
7 | Ralf Sussmann et al.: | German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations
Zugspitze FTIR
Lauder FTIR
• emissions occured in the northern hemisphere
• >40 % of global methane increase after 2007 is from oil /gas emissions
NDACC FTIR: long time series since 1992, e.g. CH4 incl. reactive species, e.g. H2CO, CO, C2H6
Hausmann, Sussmann, Smale, ACP, 2016
8 | Ralf Sussmann et al.: | German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations
Zugspitze NDACC FTIR
NDACC FTIR: mid-IR spectra enable profile retrievals, e.g. CO
TCCON: column retrieval only • larger Doppler width in near-IR →
reduced altitude range for profiles • fitting of full bands → lineshape
errors accumulate and impact pofile retrieval
3-4 degrees of freedom of signal
9 | Ralf Sussmann et al.: | German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations
Validation of S5P Methane and Carbon Monoxide with TCCON Data Validation team: → M. K. Sha (activity leader), B. Dils, M. De Mazière; BIRA-IASB, Brussels → R. Sussmann; KIT/IMK-IFU, Garmisch → D. G. Feist; MPI-BGC, Jena
Proposal goal: Geophysical validation of S5P CO and CH4 total column products using data of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). To improve the quality of the CO validation work, the NDACC CO data will be used at sites which perform both TCCON and NDACC type measurements.
Support team members: → experts of the TCCON community from12 research institutes and universities contributing with data from 21 measurement stations
AO project ID 28603 - TCCON4S5P: team and goal
10 | Ralf Sussmann et al.: | German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations
• Geophysical CO & CH4 validation work (BIRA) → Initial validation (12 months): rapid delivery of data → Long term validation (7 years): Improvement of ongoing validation
strategy, long term validation during the life time of the satellite, revalidation using future versions of TCCON, NDACC, and S5P data products
• Reduction of intercomparison error by using independent profile information as a common prior for satellite and ground based soundings (KIT-Garmisch)
• Validation with TCCON-constrained global XCH4 fields (BIRA & MPI-BGC)
AO project ID 28603 - TCCON4S5P: proposed activities
11 | Ralf Sussmann et al.: | German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations
German proposal part I. 12-months initial validation phase with rapid data delivery
ID 28603 & ID 28607 request a 12-months initial validation phase, where
• TCCON data (CO, CH4) shall be provided every 3 months (i.e. 4 times)
• NDACC data (H2CO) every month (i.e. 12 times)
• rapid delivery shall start as soon as S5P is able to carry out a sufficient number of qualitative measurements over participating TCCON sites.
• if these conditions are met already during E1, then the results of the validation can be used in the update of the S5P operational processor at the end of the commissioning phase.
12 | Ralf Sussmann et al.: | German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations
German proposal part II. Long-term validation
Item II.1: Annual contribution to basic operational costs To guarantee the availability of continuous station operations during the long-term validation phase we need a funded contribution to the basic operational costs per year and site (NDACC and/or TCCON).
E.g., Zugspitze FTIR room rent is 65 k €/year …
13 | Ralf Sussmann et al.: | German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations
German proposal, long-term validation: Item II.2: NDACC CO profiles
• harmonize NDACC CO profile retrieval
• CO profiles shall be provided annually and used for improved validation of CO columns (⇒ Item II.3)
14 | Ralf Sussmann et al.: | German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations
Deliverable 3.4 of ID 28603 by KIT-Garmisch:
• Preparation of coincident time series (CO and CH4) from satellite and ground-sites corrected to realistic common prior (→ reduced intercomparison error).
• Data provision: launch +24 months, plus every following year for the operational lifetime of the satellite.
Following slides: Ideas on validation strategy (CO, CH4) - Role of realistic common prior
German proposal, long term validation: Item II.3: Satellite and ground data (CO, CH4) corrected to realistic common prior (KIT/IMK-IFU)
15 | Ralf Sussmann et al.: | German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations
NIR-MIR differences
quasi-periodic bias
- reduced by common
prior (ACTM)
remaining quasi-periodic bias remaining smoothing effects
Sussmann, R., Ostler, A., Forster, F., Rettinger, M., Deutscher, N. M., Griffith, D. W. T., Hannigan, J. W., Jones, N., and Patra, P. K.: First intercalibration of column-averaged methane from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network and the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 397-418, 2013.
Reducing CO & CH4 intercomarison error S5P – TCCON (I): Correct to same a priori
16 | Ralf Sussmann et al.: | German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations
Dynamics: stratospheric subsidence XCH4 difference ~ 30 ppb
sza≈80°
Ostler, A., Sussmann, R., Rettinger, M., Deutscher, N.M, Dohe, S., Hase, F., Jones, N., Palm, M., and Sinnhuber, B.-M.: Multi-station intercomparison of column-averaged methane from NDACC and TCCON: impact of dynamical variability, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 4081–4101, 2014.
Reducing CO & CH4 intercomarison error S5P – TCCON (II): Use realistic common a priori
different smoothing
17 | Ralf Sussmann et al.: | German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations
Search für model providing realistic CH4 a priori profile: Model-TCCON comparison
Ostler, A., Sussmann, R., Patra, P. K., Houweling, S., De Bruine, M., Stiller, G. P., Haenel, F. J., Plieninger, J., Bousquet, P., Yin, Y., Saunois, M., Walker, K. A., Deutscher, N. M., Griffith, D. W. T., Blumenstock, T., Hase, F., Warneke, T., Wang, Z., Kivi, R., and Robinson, J.: Evaluation of column-averaged methane in models and TCCON with a focus on the stratosphere, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 4843-4859, 2016.
Model-TCCON agreement →
Model-TCCON agreement after replacing model stratosphere by →
MIPAS (ACE)
Conclusion: TM5 or LMDz can be used as common CH4 prior for TROPOMI validation by TCCON
18 | Ralf Sussmann et al.: | German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations
Search for realistic common CO prior for TCCON & TROPOMI:
Use NDACC CO profiles
19 | Ralf Sussmann et al.: | German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations
Background
MPI-BGC has developed global CH4 inversion system based on TM3.
Plan: produce separate data stream where inversion system is constrained by TCCON only.
Resulting global CH4 fields are globally consistent with TCCON and the prior. They provide an excellent reference for satellite XCH4 validation – even far away from TCCON sites.
Proposal (deliverable 3.5 of ID 28603):
• Provide TCCON-constrained global XCH4 fields from the MPI-BGC inversion system.
• Data provision: launch +21 months, plus every following year
German proposal, long-term validation: Item II.4: TCCON-constrained global XCH4 fields (MPI-BGC)
20 | Ralf Sussmann et al.: | German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations
Deliverable WP1 of ID 28607: Provide annually harmonized time series of HCHO profiles and total columns, including averaging kernels and error budget, from NDACC sites: • setup of harmonized H2CO retrieval • annual data provision to BIRA-IASB
German FTIR proposal Part II. Long-term validation: Item II.5: NDACC H2CO data
1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 Zugspitze Izana Kiruna
H2C
O c
olum
n [1
e15]
cm-2
]
21 | Ralf Sussmann et al.: | German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations
Independent of S5P, all TCCON & NDACC partners will deliver data to the TCCON & NDACC archive within the limits of their base funding. This data will be available for S5P validation once it becomes public – typically 12 months after measurement. Any additional efforts require dedicated cost-covering funding.
Funding situation S5P validation by German TCCON & NDACC FTIR
ESA SOW for TCCON data stream automation (delivery with 3-months delay) has been setup
⇒designated project start Jan 2017, duration 9 months
• Currently no funding for NDACC data stream automation
• German partners submitted proposal to DLR for support of NDACC and TCCON measurements and S5P validation work
⇒ got basically positive signal from DLR in Aug 2016
22 | Ralf Sussmann et al.: | German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations
Summary
• Differences between NDACC and TCCON
• Validation strategy (CO & CH4): realistic common prior
• German data provision to BIRA: TCCON (CO & CH4), NDACC (H2CO & CO)
• Funding of data stream automation proposed to enable rapid data flow during 12-months initial validation phase
• Basic contribution per station and year for long term validation proposed to guarantee station operations
• CO & CH4: Funding of KIT-Garmisch workpackage on reduction of TCCON-S5P intercomparison error proposed
• TCCON-constrained model CH4 fields: Funding of MPI-BGC workpackage proposed
23 | Ralf Sussmann et al.: | German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations
CTM – MIPAS biases in the stratosphere due to model transport errors
Search für model providing realistic CH4 a priori profile (II): Model-MIPAS comparison in the stratosphere
Ostler, Sussmann, Patra, Houweling et al., AMT 2016.
24 | Ralf Sussmann et al.: | German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations
CTM – ACE biases in the stratosphere due to model transport errors
Search für model providing realistic CH4 a priori profile (III): Model-ACE comparison in the stratosphere
Ostler, Sussmann, Patra, Houweling et al., AMT 2016.