Fratricide

FRATRICIDE

QUESTIONS:QUESTIONS: WHAT ARE THE CAUSES?WHAT ARE THE CAUSES? WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS?WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS? WHAT CONTROL MEASURES WHAT CONTROL MEASURES

CAN REDUCE FRATRICIDE?CAN REDUCE FRATRICIDE? PRACTICAL EXERCISEPRACTICAL EXERCISE

FRATRICIDE: ISSUES

Casual Factors Per TC 1-210

Poor Land navigation

Loss of communications

Position Reporting errors

Incorrect target identification

Incomplete planning and coordination

Equipment failure or improper procedures

DEFINITIONS:DEFINITIONS: DICTIONARYDICTIONARY TRADOCTRADOC

FRATRICIDE: DEFINED

TRADOC DEFINITIONTRADOC DEFINITION The employment of friendly The employment of friendly

weapons and munitions with weapons and munitions with the intent to kill the enemy or the intent to kill the enemy or destroy his equipment or destroy his equipment or facilities; which results in facilities; which results in unforeseen and unintentional unforeseen and unintentional death or injury to friendly death or injury to friendly personnel.personnel.

FRATRICIDE: DEFINED

HISTORY OF FRATRICIDE:HISTORY OF FRATRICIDE: WORLD WAR I & WORLD WAR IIWORLD WAR I & WORLD WAR II THE KOREAN WARTHE KOREAN WAR THE VIETNAM WARTHE VIETNAM WAR OPERATION JUST CAUSEOPERATION JUST CAUSE OPERATION DESERT STORMOPERATION DESERT STORM

FRATRICIDE: HISTORY

WORLD WAR I:WORLD WAR I: Battle of Verdun - 351st French Battle of Verdun - 351st French

Infantry was annihilated by Infantry was annihilated by friendly 155mm artillery friendly 155mm artillery

Battle of Rossignol forest - 1st Battle of Rossignol forest - 1st French Colonial Infantry was French Colonial Infantry was fired on by friendly artilleryfired on by friendly artillery

FRATRICIDE: HISTORY

WORLD WAR II:WORLD WAR II: North Africa Campaign 1942 - North Africa Campaign 1942 -

701st U.S. Tank Destroyer 701st U.S. Tank Destroyer Battalion repeatedly attacked by Battalion repeatedly attacked by friendly air strikesfriendly air strikes

Operation Cobra 1944 - U.S. 30th Operation Cobra 1944 - U.S. 30th Infantry Division attacked by Infantry Division attacked by friendly CASfriendly CAS

FRATRICIDE: HISTORY

VIETNAM:VIETNAM: Two U.S. Infantry Companies Two U.S. Infantry Companies

were strafed and bombed by two were strafed and bombed by two U.S. Air Force U.S. Air Force F-100sF-100s

Pleiku 1969 - U.S. soldiers were Pleiku 1969 - U.S. soldiers were fired on by a UH-1 helicopterfired on by a UH-1 helicopter

FRATRICIDE: HISTORY

OPERATION JUST CAUSE:OPERATION JUST CAUSE: Mechanized Infantry Mechanized Infantry

unit came under fire unit came under fire from an Air Force AC-from an Air Force AC-130 gunship130 gunship

FRATRICIDE: HISTORY

DESERT STORM:DESERT STORM: Two U.S. 1st Infantry Two U.S. 1st Infantry

Division vehicles came Division vehicles came under attack by an AH-64under attack by an AH-64

A-10 strafed allied vehicleA-10 strafed allied vehicle

FRATRICIDE: HISTORY

OPERATION PROVIDE OPERATION PROVIDE COMFORT:COMFORT: Two F-15s shot down Two F-15s shot down

two UH-60s over two UH-60s over Northern Iraq Northern Iraq

FRATRICIDE: HISTORY

RELUCTANCE TO REPORTRELUCTANCE TO REPORT

FRATRICIDE: REPORTS

RELUCTANCE TO REPORTRELUCTANCE TO REPORT

MoraleMorale Creates mistrust with Creates mistrust with

adjoining unitsadjoining units CareersCareers In the best interest of allIn the best interest of all

FRATRICIDE: REPORTS

REASONS TO REPORT:REASONS TO REPORT:

FRATRICIDE: REPORTS

REASONS TO REPORT:REASONS TO REPORT: PreventionPrevention Media will eventually find outMedia will eventually find out No perception of cover upNo perception of cover up Makes Commander Makes Commander

accountableaccountable

FRATRICIDE: REPORTS

CAUSES OF FRATRICIDECAUSES OF FRATRICIDE

FRATRICIDE: FACTORS

CAUSES OF FRATRICIDECAUSES OF FRATRICIDE LACK OF SITUATIONAL LACK OF SITUATIONAL

AWARENESSAWARENESS NO POSITIVE IDENTIFICATIONNO POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION

FRATRICIDE: FACTORS

CAUSES OF FRATRICIDECAUSES OF FRATRICIDE POSITIVE IDENTIFICATIONPOSITIVE IDENTIFICATION ABSOLUTE I.D. OF FRIEND OR FOEABSOLUTE I.D. OF FRIEND OR FOE

NOTE: ABSOLUTE I.D. IS IMPOSSIBLE AT MAXIMUM RANGES WITH SOME WEAPON SYSTEMS.

FRATRICIDE: FACTORS

MOST COMMON ERRORS:MOST COMMON ERRORS: LAND NAVIGATION FAILURESLAND NAVIGATION FAILURES REPORTING, BATTLE TRACKING REPORTING, BATTLE TRACKING

FAILURESFAILURES DIRECT FIRE CONTROL FAILURESDIRECT FIRE CONTROL FAILURES BATTLEFIELD HAZARDSBATTLEFIELD HAZARDS FRIENDLY MINE FIELDSFRIENDLY MINE FIELDS

FRATRICIDE: CAUSES

MOST COMMON ERRORS:MOST COMMON ERRORS: ID ERRORID ERROR NAVIGATIONNAVIGATION LOSS OF FIRE CONTROLLOSS OF FIRE CONTROL INEFFECTIVE MANEUVER CONTROLINEFFECTIVE MANEUVER CONTROL WEAPONS ERRORSWEAPONS ERRORS OTHEROTHER

FRATRICIDE: CAUSES

EFFECTS OF FRATRICIDEEFFECTS OF FRATRICIDE

FRATRICIDE: EFFECTS

EFFECTS OF FRATRICIDEEFFECTS OF FRATRICIDE HESITATION TO CONDUCT LIMITED HESITATION TO CONDUCT LIMITED

VISIBILITY OPERATIONSVISIBILITY OPERATIONS LOSS OF CONFIDENCELOSS OF CONFIDENCE

LEADERSLEADERS SOLDIERSSOLDIERS

FRATRICIDE: EFFECTS

EFFECTS OF FRATRICIDEEFFECTS OF FRATRICIDE LOSS OF INITIATIVE AND LOSS OF INITIATIVE AND

AGGRESSIVENESS AGGRESSIVENESS COHESION AND MORALE COHESION AND MORALE

DEGRADEDDEGRADED OVERSUPERVISIONOVERSUPERVISION LOSS OF COMBAT POWERLOSS OF COMBAT POWER

FRATRICIDE: EFFECTS

COUNTER MEASURESCOUNTER MEASURES TACTICAL PLANTACTICAL PLAN TECHNIQUESTECHNIQUES PROCEDURESPROCEDURES EQUIPMENT SOLUTIONSEQUIPMENT SOLUTIONS

FRATRICIDE: PREVENTION

TACTICSTACTICS TACTICAL PLANTACTICAL PLAN JOINT OPERATIONS TNGJOINT OPERATIONS TNG UNIT TRAININGUNIT TRAINING

FRATRICIDE: PREVENTION

TECHNIQUESTECHNIQUES PROPER IDENTIFICATIONPROPER IDENTIFICATION ASCIETASCIET

FRATRICIDE: PREVENTION

PROCEDURES:PROCEDURES: FIRE CONTROL PLANFIRE CONTROL PLAN INFORMED SOLDIERSINFORMED SOLDIERS REHEARSALSREHEARSALS ACCURATELY TRACK THE ACCURATELY TRACK THE

BATTLEBATTLE ADJACENT UNIT ADJACENT UNIT

COORDINATIONCOORDINATION

FRATRICIDE: PREVENTION

PROCEDURESPROCEDURES RECONNAISSANCERECONNAISSANCE COORDINATE COORDINATE ALLALL FIRE SUPPORT FIRE SUPPORT

ASSETSASSETS ESTABLISH LIAISON TEAMSESTABLISH LIAISON TEAMS TRAINING LITERATURE & DEVICESTRAINING LITERATURE & DEVICES

FRATRICIDE: PREVENTION

EQUIPMENT CONTROL EQUIPMENT CONTROL MEASURES:MEASURES: LOW TECHLOW TECH HIGH TECHHIGH TECH

FRATRICIDE: PREVENTION

Practical Exercise

FRATRICIDE

GROUP ACTIVITYGROUP ACTIVITY IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS IN IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS IN

THIS SCENARIOTHIS SCENARIO DEVELOP COUNTERMEASURES DEVELOP COUNTERMEASURES

TO MITIGATE THESE HAZARDSTO MITIGATE THESE HAZARDS REPORT ON YOUR RESULTSREPORT ON YOUR RESULTS NOTE: Use METT-T as the NOTE: Use METT-T as the

outline for ID of Hazards and outline for ID of Hazards and list of Countermeasureslist of Countermeasures

FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE

GENERAL SITUATIONGENERAL SITUATION MISSION - Probe enemy positions for location & MISSION - Probe enemy positions for location &

strengthstrength ENEMY - Mech Inf with Russian (Soviet) style ENEMY - Mech Inf with Russian (Soviet) style

weaponryweaponry TERRAINTERRAIN

Desert with moderate dunesDesert with moderate dunes Wind 090/25k, no moon, clear, 2350 hrsWind 090/25k, no moon, clear, 2350 hrs

TROOPS & EQUIPMENTTROOPS & EQUIPMENT Mech Inf, well-trained, rested troopsMech Inf, well-trained, rested troops AH-64 team AH-64 team Fully functional equipmentFully functional equipment

TIME - Adequate tactical planning time availableTIME - Adequate tactical planning time available

FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE

TASK FORCE TASK FORCE IRON: IRON: a case study a case study

in fratricidein fratricide

FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE

IRAQ

KUWAIT

NORTH

SCREEN LINE

3MILES

MECH INF TASK FORCE

AH-64APACHE WINDS

TASK FORCE IRON

MISSION HAZARDSMISSION HAZARDS Commander’s intent unclear or complex; Commander’s intent unclear or complex;

vehicles stationed with random spacing vehicles stationed with random spacing and orientationand orientation

Poor flank coordination; right flank Poor flank coordination; right flank coordinates not known by Commandercoordinates not known by Commander

Poor communication procedures; initial Poor communication procedures; initial AH-64 salvo did not prompt cease fire AH-64 salvo did not prompt cease fire request from vehiclesrequest from vehicles

FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE

ENEMY HAZARDSENEMY HAZARDS Weak reconnaissance of Weak reconnaissance of

enemy positions and enemy positions and compositioncomposition

Weak intelligence; friendly Weak intelligence; friendly scouts provided incorrect scouts provided incorrect coordinates to Commandercoordinates to Commander

FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE

TERRAIN HAZARDSTERRAIN HAZARDS Navigation difficult; lack of Navigation difficult; lack of

uniquely identifying terrain uniquely identifying terrain featuresfeatures

Night; although not inherently Night; although not inherently a hazard, justifies further a hazard, justifies further caution and target verificationcaution and target verification

FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE

TROOPS & EQUIPMENT TROOPS & EQUIPMENT HAZARDSHAZARDS Anxiety and confusion over Anxiety and confusion over

vague mission parametersvague mission parameters Lack of trust/confidence in Lack of trust/confidence in

on-board instruments (AH-on-board instruments (AH-64)64)

FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE

TIME HAZARDSTIME HAZARDS ““Gunfighter 6” backseat pilot Gunfighter 6” backseat pilot

urging quick shoot ...”Let’s get urging quick shoot ...”Let’s get it over with and go home”it over with and go home”

Task Force Cdr also urged quick Task Force Cdr also urged quick shoot ...”Can you engage shoot ...”Can you engage targets? Then, take ‘em out”targets? Then, take ‘em out”

FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE

CountermeasuresCountermeasures Tactical PlanTactical Plan

Simplify Tactical PlanSimplify Tactical Plan Maintain Situational AwarenessMaintain Situational Awareness

ProceduresProcedures Verify target coordinatesVerify target coordinates Inform SoldiersInform Soldiers

FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE

CountermeasuresCountermeasures Equipment SolutionsEquipment Solutions

Global Positioning SystemGlobal Positioning System Identify Friend or Foe (IFF) Identify Friend or Foe (IFF)

TranspondersTransponders Unique Vehicular MarkingsUnique Vehicular Markings

FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE

SUMMARYSUMMARY DEFINITIONDEFINITION HISTORYHISTORY CAUSESCAUSES EFFECTSEFFECTS REDUCTION MEASURESREDUCTION MEASURES

FRATRICIDE: SUMMARY

Fratricide

FRATRICIDE