Free English Work & Textbook

8/2/2019 Free English Work & Textbook

1/33

Free English Work- & Textbook on: www.english-portal.net

(c) 2006 by Mag. Schaller, Salzburg, www.english-portal.net Get the free monthly lessons on www.english-portal.net

1

How It Began

photo Paha_L FOTOLIA

Dialogue 1 :

This is the story about Linda and Brian. Read how they get to know each otherin 10 edutaining lessons.

Brian: Hello, what are you doing here?

Linda: Hello, I am Linda! This is my younger sister, and we are waiting here for ourfriend Carla. She is in the department store over there, and we are already tired. Whoare you?

Brian: Oh, I am Brian. Yes, I am also waiting for a friend. He is in the department

store, too. Are you here often?

Linda: We are here every day. Hahaha.

Brian: Yes, the department store is very big! Hahaha.

Linda: Look! There she is.

Brian: My friend is there too! Hey, what are you doing tonight?

Linda: We are going to the cinema! And you?

Brian: First, we are drinking something and then we do not know yet. My friend ishere since this morning. He is just on vacation here.

Linda: Are you also new here?

Brian: Yes, I am actually from Germany, and my friend is from Sweden. My father,however, is British.

Linda: Oh, that is interesting. Unfortunately, I have to go. You are very nice.

Brian: Thanks! You are too! Maybe I will see you around!

Lesson

1


2/33



2

Grammar 1: Personal Pronouns,Forms of to be Present Tense :

Singular: Plural:

1. I am 1. We are

2. You are 2. You are

3. He is, she is, it is 3. They are

Exercise 1 A :Fill in the correct form of to be. Choose from this box:

am am am am Are are Are are are are are are are are are are is is is isis is is is is is is

This ________ the story about Linda and Brian. Read how they get to knoweach other in 10 edutaining lessons.Brian: Hello, what ______ you doing here? Linda: Hello, I ____ Linda! This is myyounger sister and we ______ waiting here for our friend Carla. She ____ in thedepartment store over there and we ______ already tired. Who ______ you? Brian:Oh I ____ Brian. Yes, I ____ waiting for a friend. He ____ in the department store,too. ______ you here often? Linda: We ______ here every day. Hahaha. Brian:Yes, the department store ____ very big! Hahaha. Linda: Look! There she ____ .Brian: My friend ____ there too! And what ______ you doing tonight? Linda: We_____ going to the cinema! And you? Brian: First, we ______ drinking something

and then we do not know yet. My friend ____ here since this morning. He ____just on vacation here. Linda: ______ you also new here? Brian: Yes, I ____ actuallyfrom Germany and my friend ____ from Sweden. My father, however, ____ British.Linda: Oh, that _____ interesting. Unfortunately, I have to go. You ______ verynice. Brian: Thanks! You ______ too! Maybe I will see you around!


3/33



3

Exercise 1 B :

Fill in the correct personal pronoun. Choose from this box:

He He I I I I I I She she they we We we we We we you You You youyou You you

This is the story about Linda and Brian. Read how ______ get to know eachother in 10 edutaining lessons.Brian: Hello, what are ______ doing here? Linda: Hello, __ am Linda! This is myyounger sister and ____ are waiting here for our friend Carla. ______ is in thedepartment store over there, and ____ are already tired. Who are ______ ? Brian:

Oh, __ am Brian. Yes, __ am also waiting for a friend. ____ is in the departmentstore, too. Are ______ here often? Linda: ____ are here every day. Hahaha. Brian:Yes, the department store is very big! Hahaha. Linda: Look! There ______ is. Brian:My friend is there too! And what are ______ doing tonight? Linda: _____ are goingto the cinema! And where are you? Brian: First, ____ are drinking something andthen ____ do not know yet. My friend is here since this morning. ____ is just onvacation here. Linda: Are ______ also new here? Brian: Yes, ____ am actually fromGermany and my friend is from Sweden. My father, however, is British. Linda: Oh,that is interesting. Unfortunately, __ have to go. ______ are very nice. Brian:Thanks! ______ are too! Maybe __ will see you around!


4/33



4

At the Bus Station


Dialogue 2 :

Linda: Hello, Brandon!

Brian: Hello, Linda, but actually, my name is not Brandon!

Linda: Oh sorry - ooops, your name is... Brian. Right? What are you doing here?

Brian: I am going straight to the university. What are you doing now?

Linda: I am waiting for the bus and, meanwhile, reading this book!

Brian: I can wait with you.

Linda: Oh, that is so nice of you! And what is your friend doing now?

Brian: He is lying in bed, watching television, and eating my donuts....

Linda: Haha... my sister is also still sleeping. But we are both working and studying...

Brian: Too bad, I know! Which company do you work for?

Linda: I have an office job at a large company, and I drive to many customers.

Brian: What do you do in your spare time?

Linda: I read, as you see, I go to the cinema with my sister, and we like to go toparties. I travel a lot and like to see the world. My sister also likes to travel however,she just does not have enough money. Sometimes I like to just simply lie on my sofaand watch TV. And what do you do?

Brian: I study and live here. I study quite a lot and work in a department store. And Imake music. My friend makes music too. We often do live-stuff!

Lesson

2


5/33



5

Linda: Thats cool! Which instrument do you play?

Brian: I play the guitar! And my friend plays the saxophone!

Linda: Oh, thats my bus! I really like talking to you!

Brian: See you later!

Grammar 2 A: Present Tense Simple :

Singular: Plural:1. I play 1. We play

2. You play 2. You play

3. He plays, she plays, it plays 3. They play

Grammar 2 B: Present Tense Progressive :

Singular: Plural:

1. I am playing 1. We are playing

2. You are playing 2. You are playing

3. He is playing, she is playing, it isplaying

3. They are playing

Grammar 2 C: Present Simple vs. Progressive :

When to use the present simple? When to use the present progressive?

When something happensregularly or

is a permanent situation or

to show a schedule or fixedtimetable in the future (presentsimple with a future meaning)

For actions happening at oraround the moment of speakingor

for a longer action which iscurrently in progress or

for individual plans already inplace


6/33



6

Exercise 2 :Fill in the correct present form of the verb. Choose from this box:

am am are are arecan do do do do do do do does doing doing doingdrive eating go go going have have is is is is is is is is knowlie like likelike like likes live lying make makes play play playsread reading see seesee sleeping study study studyingtalking travel travel waiting wait watchingwatch work work working

Linda: Hello, Brandon! Brian: Hello, Linda, but actually, my name ________ notBrandon! Linda: Oh sorry - ooops, your name ________... Brian. Right? What________ you ________ here? Brian: I ________ ________ straight to the

university. What ________ you ________ now? Linda: I ________ ________ forthe bus and, meanwhile, ________ this book! Brian: I ________ ________ withyou. Linda: Oh, that ________ so nice of you! And what ________ your friend________ now? Brian: He ________ ________ in bed, ________ television, and________ my donuts.... Linda: Haha... my sister ________ also still ________. Butwe ________ both ________ and ________... Brian: Too bad, I ________! Whichcompany ________ you ________ for? Linda: I ________ an office job at a largecompany, and I ________ to many customers. Brian: What ________ you________ in your spare time? Linda: I ________, as you ________, I ________ tothe cinema with my sister, and we ________ to ________ to parties. I ________ alot and ________ to ________ the world. My sister also ________ to ________

however, she just ________ not ________ enough money. Sometimes I ________to just simply ________ on my sofa and ________ TV. And what ________ you________? Brian: I ________ and ________ here. I ________ quite a lot and________ in a department store. And I ________ music. My friend ________ musictoo. We often ________ live-stuff! Linda: That ________ cool! Which instrument________ you ________? Brian: I ________ the guitar! And my friend ________the saxophone! Linda: Oh, that ________ my bus! I really ________ ________ toyou! Brian: ________ you later!


7/33



7

At the Party


Dialogue 3 :

Linda: Oh, that was great!

Brian: Linda, you are also here? Our performance was not bad, but our bassist,unfortunately, was sick.

Linda: Your sound is very mad! My sister and I were very much impressed!

Brian: You are so nice! So is your dress...

Linda: Oh, thanks. My sister gave it to me.

Brian: Your sister has very good taste. Your taste in music is also very good!Hahaha... Are you friends with the Fischers?

Linda: Yes, the Fishers are good friends of mine. My sister and Britney Fisher areteam mates. And the Fishers are our neighbours.

Brian: Super! Pete Fisher is my friend. I also know his parents. My father and hisparents play Bridge together. Our families know each other very well.

Linda: Do your parents live in London?

Brian: My father does. My parents are actually divorced; my Mum lives with mybrother in Germany, and our father lives with his wife here in London. Their house isbeautiful. He is a lawyer and his wife works as a teacher.

Linda: My mother is also a teacher and my father works as an actor. My youngerbrother goes to school, but he is at home today. My brother is an actor too. Do you

know an actor by the name of Paul Marifa?

Lesson

3


8/33



8

Brian: Paul Marifa! Of course. I like Sundays, because I can always watch his showthen. A good series, one hour long around seven, an exciting hour.

Linda: Wait until summer, the show always continues then! Do you play another

instrument?

Brian: I play the piano and the guitar.

Linda: By the way, what time is it?

Brian: One second, it is nine! No, wait! It is five past ten.

Linda: Oh, I thought it was only a quarter to ten.

Brian: Do you have to get up early tomorrow?

Linda: Yes, unfortunately around half past six! Oh, finally, the dinner is over! Theywanted to begin around eight, and now, it is nearly a quarter past ten and I have tobe back home around eleven. It will be twelve soon, I think.

Brian: Let me give you my number. I would like to invite you to my next concert:zero five two one three three two zero .

Linda: Oh. Ill call you! Would you like some wine and a piece of bread?

Brian: No thanks! I already had enough bread and I cannot drink too much wine,because I have to sing again... Many people here have already had too much!Hahaha.

Linda: Well then, good luck!


9/33



9

Grammar 3 A: Possessive Pronouns :with noun:

Singular: Plural:

my our

your your

His, her, its their

Grammar 3 B: Possessive Pronouns :

without noun:Singular: Plural:mine ours

yours yours

His, hers, its theirs

Grammar 3 C: Articles :

Articles General use (there are some exceptions!)

A / an (indefinite article): dependson the initial sound of the adjectivethat immediately follows the article(e. g. abanana, anapple)

with: countable nouns; nouns indicatingnationality, profession, religion, membership;some phrases (e. g. what a pity)

The (definite article) with: plural names of people and places; when

there is only one of something (e. g. the lastsamurai); specific people and things

No article with: uncountable nouns; names of people;names of places; names of meals, days,months and seasons; persons and things ingeneral (e. g. Children are not little adults)


10/33



10

Grammar 3 D: Numbers :

Cardinal Numbers: Ordinal Numbers:0 zero 1st first1 one 2nd second2 two 3rd third3 three 4th fourth

4 four 5th fifth5 five 6th sixth6 six 7th seventh7 seven 8th eighth

8 eight 9th ninth9 nine 10th tenth

10 ten ... ...11 eleven Other numeral expressions:12 twelve 1 x once13 thirteen 2 x twice14 fourteen 3 x three times20 twenty 4 x four times21 twenty-one ... ...30 thirty Fractions:40 forty 1/2 a half50 fifty 1/3 a third

60 sixty 2/3 two thirds70 seventy 3/4 three quarters80 eighty 2/5 two fifths90 ninety 4/10 four tenths100 a hundred 1 1/2 one and a half101 a hundred and one Decimals:110 a hundred and ten 2.5 two point five

200 two hundred 1.25 one point twenty-five1000 one thousand Other numeral expressions:1001 one thousand and one single

2000 two thousand double1.000.000 one million threefold1.000.000.000 one billion ...


11/33



11

Exercise 3 A :

Fill in the correct possessive pronoun. Choose from this box:his his his his mine My My My my my my My My My My My My myOur our our Our Our Their Your Your your your Your

Linda: Oh, that was great! Brian: Linda, you are also here?____performance wasnot bad, but____bassist, unfortunately, was sick. Linda:____sound is very mad!____sister and I were very much impressed! Brian: You are so nice! So is____dress... Linda: Oh, thanks.____sister gave it to me. Brian:____sister has verygood taste.____taste in music is also very good! Hahaha... Are you friends withthe Fischers? Linda: Yes, the Fishers are good friends of____.____sister and

Britney Fisher are team mates. And the Fishers are____neighbours. Brian: Super!Pete Fisher is____friend. I also know____parents.____father and____parentsplay Bridge together.____families know each other very well. Linda: Do____parents live in London? Brian:____father does.____parents are actuallydivorced;____Mum lives with____brother in Germany, and____father lives with____wife here in London.____house is beautiful. He is a lawyer and____wifeworks as a teacher. Linda:____mother is also a teacher and____father works asan actor.____younger brother goes to school, but he is at home today.____brother is an actor too. Do you know an actor by the name of Paul Marifa? Brian:Paul Marifa! Of course.

Exercise 3 B :Fill in the correct article, or leave blank if no preposition is needed. Choose fromthis box:- - A a a a an an an an the the the

He is____lawyer and his wife works as____teacher. Linda: My mother is also____teacher and my father works as____actor. My younger brother goes toschool, but he is at home today. My brother is____actor too. Do you know____actor by the name of Paul Marifa? Brian: Paul Marifa! Of course.I like - Sundays,because I can always watch his show then.____good series, one hour longaround seven,____exciting hour. Linda: Wait until - summer,____show alwayscontinues then! Do you play another instrument? Brian: I play____piano and____guitar.


12/33



12

At the Supermarket


Dialogue 4 :

Linda: Hello! You work here, dont you? I would like to buy a new blouse.

Brian: Yes! I make money this way, apart from my studies! It is better to earn moneyon my own!

Linda: Yes, and harder! Hahaha!

Brian: Thats right. It is better to go shopping! Hahaha.

Linda: Yes, but it is best to travel around the world.

Brian: Yes, but doing that is the most expensive way, and the wages are gettinglower. It is getting more and more difficult all the time.

Linda: Thats why I am looking for a cheaper blouse. I have already seen most of theblouses here. Do you have a longer one also?

Brian: Ill find the best one for you!

Linda: That is so nice of you. I will continue to look for the right one too!

Brian: What about these ones?

Linda: Do you have a green one? I need a new one!

Brian: Yes, look at these! For the price of one!

Linda: They are beautiful! How much are they?

Brian: Theyll cost you a kiss as a special offer on Valentines day just for myloveliest costumer!

Lesson

4


13/33



13

Linda: Hey! You are crazy! Hmmmm . Lets see . Ok! I will take these, andthats for you! (She blows him a little kiss with her fingers.)

Brian: Hahaha! Thank you, would you like to watch todays soccer match with me? Itis a very exciting one!

Brian: I will call you. I have your number.

Brian: Yes, the one from the party! Bye!

Grammar 4 A: Adjectives & Comparison :

Adjectives Examples:

modify nouns (pronouns) usually byproviding description about them.

the old castle; I am fine, a goodfriend, He is as strong as his brother.

Comparison of Adjectives: Examples:You use the endings er(comparative) and est (superlative)1. for short words with one syllable

and2. for words that end in le, -er, -y

and owYou use more and most3. for words with two and more

syllables and adverbs ending in ly (exception early earlier earlies).

4. Some exceptions: good/well better best; bad/evil/ill worse worst; many/much more most;little less/smaller least/smallest

1. Water is cheaper than wine.2. Whole-wheat breadis healthier

than white bread.3. The buffalo is one of the most

dangerous animals in Africa.4. It is getting better every day.

Grammar 4 B: one and ones :

Use the indefinite pronouns one / onesinstead of a noun which has already been mentioned to avoid repetition of the noun(one for singular nouns, ones for plural nouns).


14/33



14

Exercise 4 A :

Fill in the correct form of the adjective. Choose from this box:best better better cheaper difficult expensive harder longer lower moremore most new right

Linda: Hello! You work here, dont you? I would like to buy a________blouse.Brian: Yes! I make money this way, apart from my studies! It is____to earn moneyon my own! Linda: Yes, and________! Hahaha! Brian: Thats________. It is________to go shopping! Hahaha. Linda: Yes, but it is________to travel aroundthe world. Brian: Yes, but doing that is the________ ________way, and the wagesare getting________. It is getting________and________ ________all the time.

Linda: Thats why I am looking for a________blouse. I have already seen________of the blouses here. Do you have a________one also?

Exercise 4 B :Fill in one or ones. Choose from this box:one one one one one one one ones

Linda: Thats why I am looking for a cheaper blouse. I have already seen most ofthe blouses here. Do you have a longer________also? Brian: Ill find the best________for you! Linda: That is so nice of you. I will continue to look for the right________too! Brian: What about these________? Linda: Do you have a green________? I need a new________! Brian: Yes, look at these! For the price of one!Linda: They are beautiful! How much are they? Brian: Theyll cost you a kiss as aspecial offer on Valentines day just for my loveliest costumer! Linda: Hey! Youare crazy! Hmmmm . Lets see . Ok! I will take these, and thats for you! (She

blows him a little kiss with her fingers.) Brian: Hahaha! Thank you, would you like towatch todays soccer match with me? It is a very exciting________! Linda: I willcall you. I have your number. Brian: Yes, the________from the party! Bye!


15/33



15

At the Stadium


Dialogue 5 :Brian: The opponent plays well! Their fast offender is very dangerous. He aims veryprecisely and shoots very hard.

Linda: Our team is not bad either. Our goalkeeper keeps the ball very safe.

Brian: Exactly, you know this game very well! Would you like to have a delicious hotdog?

Linda: Yes, together with a cold beer. That would be fantastic.

Brian: I will bring you a beer.

Linda: Hurry up, because our good sweeper hurt himself.

Brian: Here is your beer. It is actually warm.

Linda: And the hot dog is cold. Hahaha. It looks good though, and.... hmmmm....tastes very good too! A wonderful goal has been scored. Unfortunately for theopposing team.

Brian: Oh, I dont know if we have a chance. The opponent plays very hard and fast.It is getting very difficult.

Linda: It does not seem to be easy, because our best defender seriously hurthimself.

Brian: But our team must win, otherwise they cannot play in the World Cup. Wecannot give the opponent so many chances.

Linda: The coach should bring in a new player. Our midfield players cannot run

anymore.

Lesson

5


16/33



16

Brian: You might be quite right. He is still allowed to exchange another player in. Iwould bring in a younger player!

Linda: May I have another sip of beer?

Brian: Of course... Oh, no! That cant be! 0:2! I think we should go!

Linda: Yes... me too. I should not stay out so late tonight. I have to watch out for mylittle sister!

Brian: But we can still go out on another date again, right?! Let us go to the cinematomorrow!

Linda: That would be nice! I do not want to miss "Love me, if you can"! Bye!

Grammar 5 A: Adverbs :

Adverbs Some Exceptions:modify verbs (adverbs of manner),adjectives/past participle and other adverbs -usually by providing information how somethingis done or the degree of an adjective/pastparticiple (adverbs of degree) or adverb (adverbsof degree). Most adverbs are formed by adding -ly or -ally to an adjective. There are also adverbsof place and time (e. g. there, yesterday),adverbs of frequency (e. g. sometimes, never)and sentence adverbials (e. g. actually).

Good-well, fast-fast, hard-hard,early-early, late-late, highhigh,friendly in a friendly way Hardly means: almost not,Nearly means: almost but notquiteSome adjectives can followcertain verbs (verbs ofappearance and sense): e. g.forms of to be, get, grow,taste, smell, feel

Grammar 5 B: Modal Verbs / :

Modal Verbs Alternative Forms:

can (expressing ability or possibility) negative form: cannot or cant,

be able to (expressing ability), could(expressing general ability or permission)

may (asking for permission or expressingpossibility) negative form: may not ormust not (expressing strongforbiddance),

be allowed to (expressing permission),might (expressing possibility and/or that asituation is not real)

Must (expressing necessity to dosomething) negative form: need not(neednt) or do not (dont) have to,

have to (more impersonal than must)

Should (expressing advice and opinionor expectation) negative form: should

not (shouldnt)

ought to


17/33



17

Exercise 5 A :

Fill in the correct form: adverb or adjective. Choose from this box:actually bad best cold cold dangerous delicious difficult easy Exactlyfantastic fast fast good good good hard hard precisely safe seriouslyUnfortunately warm well well wonderful

Brian: The opponent plays________! Their________offender is very________.He aims very________and shoots very________. Linda: Our team is not________either. Our goalkeeper keeps the ball very________. Brian:________,you know this game very________! Would you like to have a________hot dog?Linda: Yes, together with a________beer. That would be________. Brian: I will

bring you a beer. Linda: Hurry up, because our________sweeper hurt himself.Brian: Here is your beer. It is________________. Linda: And the hot dog is________. Hahaha. It looks________though, and.... hmmmm.... tastes very________too! A________goal has been scored.________for the opposingteam. Brian: Oh, I dont know if we have a chance. The opponent plays very________and________. It is getting very________. Linda: It does not seem to be________, because our________defender________hurt himself.

Exercise 5 B:

Fill in the correct modal verb / auxiliary verb. Choose from this box:allowed can can cannot cannot cannot cannot have Let May mightshould should should would would

Brian: But our team________win, otherwise they________play in the World Cup.We________give the opponent so many chances. Linda: The coach________bring in a new player. Our midfield players________run anymore. Brian: You

________be quite right. He is still________to exchange another player in. I________bring in a younger player! Linda:________I have another sip of beer?Brian: Of course... Oh, no! That________be! 0:2! I think we________go! Linda:Yes... me too. I________not stay out so late tonight. I________to watch out formy little sister! Brian: But we________still go out on another date again, right?!________us go to the cinema tomorrow! Linda: That________be nice! I do notwant to miss "Love me, if you________"! Bye!


18/33



18

At the Movies


Dialogue 6 :

Linda: Oh, I liked the movie very much! Did you like it too?

Brian: I tried to understand it, but I could not!

Linda: Yes, they used many slang words. The actors were really good though!

Brian: By the way, I saw your sister, yesterday, after the match.

Linda: Yes, she was at the match too. She liked it a lot.

Brian: But afterwards, it started raining! What did you do then?

Linda: I hurried home. What did you do afterwards?

Brian: Hahaha....We played darts! Your sisters boyfriend is very nice!

Linda: I preferred my sisters last boyfriend. He was also an actor.

Brian: The actors achievements were really great, but the leading actors accentwas terrible! Hahaha...

Linda: You are right. I particularly liked the end of the film, but the seats at thecinema were, however, somewhat uncomfortable.

Brian: Thats why I already look forward to my own couch. Hahahaha!

Linda: Yes, it is certainly more comfortable. I already look forward to seeing yourplace!

Brian: Ill pick you up tomorrow from your office!

Linda: Great! See you tomorrow! Oh, it is raining again.

Lesson

6


19/33



19

Grammar 6 A: Past Tense Simple :Past Tense expresses that an action took place at a definite time in the past.

Practice the irregular verbs!Singular: Plural:

1. I played 1. We played

2. You played 2. You played

3. He played, she played, it played 3. They played

Grammar 6 B: Possessive Case :

Forms:Saxon genitive (noun + s or s): expressing possession or relationship: Add s tothe noun (for nouns which do not end with s or ans (for plural nouns which endwith s). The Saxon Genitive is usually used for persons (or animals): e. g. Marcsfriends, My parents houseGenitive with of is usually used for things (you can also use it for personsthough): e. g. The colour of her hair is blonde.


20/33



20

Exercise 6 A :

Fill in the correct past form of the verb. Choose from this box:could did did Did hurried liked liked played saw started tried usedwas were

Linda: Oh, I________the movie very much!________you like it too? Brian: I________to understand it, but I________not! Linda: Yes, they________manyslang words. The actors________really good though! Brian: By the way, I________your sister, yesterday, after the match. Linda: Yes, she________at thematch too. She________it a lot. Brian: But afterwards, it________raining! What

________you do then? Linda: I________home. What________you doafterwards? Brian: Hahaha....We________darts!

Exercise 6 B :Fill in the correct form of the possessive case. Choose from this box:actors actors of sisters sisters

Your________boyfriend is very nice! Linda: I preferred my________last boyfriend.He was also an actor. Brian: The________achievements were really great, but theleading________accent was terrible! Hahaha... Linda: You are right. I particularlyliked the end________the film, but the seats at the cinema were, however,somewhat uncomfortable.


21/33



21

At the Office


Dialogue 7 :

Linda: Hello, thats very nice of you. It was so stressful at work today! But its over!

Brian: Nice office! When did you begin to work here?

Linda: I applied for this job five years ago, and in 2002, I started to work here!

Brian: I thought a lot about the film yesterday. I did not understand everything, but Ihad a really great time with you.

Linda: I dreamed at night about it. How was your day at work?

Brian: I was also very busy today. The customers had lots questions, but didnt buyvery much! Hahaha!

Linda: My boss was not very nice today. I came in late this morning, because myalarm did not go off. Or lets just say, I did not hear it... Hahaha

Brian: Wow! When I was showering today, my alarm went off. I did not hear it either.While I was preparing breakfast, I was listening to the news and it suddenly occurredto me.

Linda: Yes, while I was sleeping, I was dreaming a lot.... I just could not hear thealarm! I was not feeling very well, while I was sleeping. I caught a cold yesterday,while I was going home!

Brian: When we were walking home from the cinema yesterday, it began to rainheavily. Lets drive home!

Lesson

7


22/33



22

Grammar 7 A: Past Tense Progressive :

Singular: Plural:

1. I was playing 1. We were playing

2. You were playing 2. You were playing

3. He was playing, she was playing, itwas playing

3. They were playing

Grammar 7 B: Past Simple vs. Progressive :

When to use the past simple? When to use the past progressive?

expresses that an action tookplace at a definite time in the past(complete actions),

and is used to express that oneevent happened after another,

Expresses that somebody wasin the middle of an action at acertain time,

Indicates a past action inprogress, when a new eventhappened.

and is used for actions inprogress simultaneously

Exercise 7 :Fill in the correct past form of the verb. Choose from this box:applied began came caught could did did did did did did dreamed hadoccurred started thought was was was was was was was was waswas was was went were

Linda: Hello, thats very nice of you. It________so stressful at work today! But itsover! Brian: Nice office! When________you begin to work here? Linda: I________for this job five years ago, and in 2002, I________to work here! Brian: I________a lot about the film yesterday. I________not understand everything, but

I________a really great time with you. Linda: I________at night about it. How________your day at work? Brian: I________also very busy today. Thecustomers________lots questions, but________not buy very much! Hahaha!Linda: My boss________not very nice today. I________in late this morning,because my alarm________not go off. Or lets just say, I________not hear it...Hahaha! Brian: Wow! When I________showering today, my alarm________off. I________not hear it either. While I________preparing breakfast, I________listening to the news and it suddenly________to me. Linda: Yes, while I________sleeping, I________dreaming a lot.... I just________not hear the alarm! I________not feeling very well, while I________sleeping. I________a coldyesterday, while I________going home! Brian: When we________walking home

from the cinema yesterday, it________to rain heavily. Lets drive home!


23/33



23

At Home


Dialogue 8 :

Brian: Oh it has rained up to now!

Linda: How long have you been living here? It is very nice!

Brian: I have been living here for 2 years and I have been studying for 1 year.

Linda: And how long has your father been here?

Brian: Dad has been working for 15 years in London and he has been married to his

new wife for 13 years! Oh look, the new vase just broke. The dog hit it.

Linda: You have a dog!

Brian: Have you ever had a dog?

Linda: I have never had a dog, but I had a cat for 5 years !

Brian: Tssss... I have not had the vase long. I just bought it... for you!

Linda: Oh, that is very nice! But look, the flowers are still in the vase!

Brian: Oh, but the dog has also hidden my glasses. Now I cannot see at all...

Linda: You wear glasses?

Brian: I have been wearing glasses for 2 weeks at home! I got them for Christmas!Can you help me look for them?

Linda: We already have been looking for hmmm for 2 hours now. Maybe youforgot them at work?

Lesson

8


24/33



24

Brian: No, I always leave them at home... I have never taken them to work, becauseI only need my glasses in the morning and in the evening. And I saw them at noon.

Linda: We have been looking for them since 8! In the cabinet, over the couch, underthe couch, beside the couch, on the couch, on the shelf on the wall, in the corners....

Brian: Youre right, we began to search at eight o'clock. I am sorry. I still have notoffered you a drink.

Linda: It does not matter, I am actually rather tired.

Brian: Do you have to work tomorrow?

Linda: No, I do not have to work on Fridays.... Have you already checked in thebedroom, my sweet mole?

Brian: Oh, good idea. Hahaha... Come on, the bedroom is up-stairs...


25/33



25

Grammar 8 A: Present Perfect Simple :Practice the irregular verbs!

Singular: Plural:

1. I have played 1. We have played

2. You have played 2. You have played

3. He has played, she has played, it hasplayed

3. They have played

Grammar 8 B: Present Perfect Progressive :

Singular: Plural:1. I have been playing 1. We have been playing

2. You have been playing 2. You have been playing

3. He has been playing, she has beenplaying, it has been playing

3. They have been playing

Grammar 8 C: Present Simple vs. Progressive:

When to use the present perfectsimple?

When to use the present perfectprogressive?

An action in the past has aresult now. We are interestedin the action itself and in theresult of the action,

for new and recent information.

When we want to express howlong an action has been goingon (unfinished actions orrecently/just stopped actions).

Grammar 8 D: Prepositions :

Types of Prepositions: Examples (there are no simple rules; studyprepositions together with appropriate nouns/verbs)!

Prepositions of place(Where?)

On, at, over, under, next to, below, off, in front of, behind,in

Prepositions of time(When?)

On, at, Till, until, after, from to, since, for, in

Other prepositions With, without, about, against, from, for


26/33



26

Exercise 8 A :Fill in the correct present perfect form of the verb. Choose from this box:been been been been been been been been been had had had hashas has has has have Have have have have have have have havehave hidden living living looking looking married rained studying takenwearing working

Brian: Oh it________ ________up to now! Linda: How long________you________ ________here? It is very nice! Brian: I________ ________ ________here for 2 years and I________________ ________for 1 year. Linda: And howlong________your father________here? Brian: Dad________ ________________for 15 years in London and he________ ________ ________to his newwife for 13 years! Oh look, the new vase just broke. The dog hit it. Linda: You have

a dog! Brian:________you ever________a dog? Linda: I________never________a dog, but I had a cat for 5 years! Brian: Tssss... I________not________the vase long. I just bought it... for you! Linda: Oh, that is very nice! Butlook, the flowers are still in the vase! Brian: Oh, but the dog________also________my glasses. Now I cannot see at all... Linda: You wear glasses? Brian: I________ ________ ________glasses for 2 weeks at home! I got them forChristmas! Can you help me look for them? Linda: We already________________ ________for hmmm for 2 hours now. Maybe you forgot them atwork? Brian: No, I always leave them at home... I________never________themto work, because I only need my glasses in the morning and in the evening. And Isaw them at noon. Linda: We________ ________ ________for them since 8!

Exercise 8 B :Fill in the correct preposition, or leave blank if no preposition is needed. Choosefrom this box:at at at at beside for for In in in in in on on on on over since under up-stairs to

Linda: We already have been looking________ hmmm ________2 hoursnow. Maybe you forgot them________work? Brian: No, I always leavethem________home... I have never taken them________work, because I onlyneed my glasses________the morning and________the evening. And I sawthem________noon. Linda: We have been looking for them________8!________the cabinet,________the couch,________the couch,________thecouch,________the couch,________the shelf________the wall,________thecorners.... Brian: Youre right, we began to search________eight o'clock. I amsorry. I still have not offered you a drink. Linda: It does not matter, I am actuallyrather tired. Brian: Do you have to work tomorrow? Linda: No, I do not have to work________Fridays.... Have you already checked________the bedroom, my sweet

mole? Brian: Oh, good idea. Hahaha... Come on, the bedroom is________...


27/33



27

At the Restaurant


Dialogue 9:

Brian: Oh take a look at the menu!

Linda: Great! I will take the fish! And you?

Brian: I will probably order the fish, too. I do not know yet!

Linda: Let us talk a little bit about your future! What are your plans?

Brian: I am going to become a doctor.

Linda: Great! And what are you going to do after that?

Brian: Afterwards, I am going to work in a hospital in England.

Linda: And are you going to stay in London?

Brian: Perhaps I will go back to Germany. Only time will tell. I would like to havefamily.

Linda: Really?

Brian: Yeah, why not? Hahahaha. And you?

Linda: If you like, then I will tell you now about my feelings and plans!

Brian: I would like to hear them! Tell me.

Linda: If I had the chance to do everything again, I would just do it again. But if I hadstudied, I would have studied medicine or law. If I stay here in London, I will marry anice young man. If I had the choice, we would have a big family.

Brian: You are very honest and open, that is great.

Lesson

9


28/33



28

Linda: If I say something, I always mean it.

Brian: And if I listen, I can always keep a secret.

Linda: I hope so! Because if you couldnt, I would tear your head off. Hahahaha.

Brian: But before that, you would kiss me, if I asked you!

Linda: If you hadnt just said that, I probably would have! Hahaha. Oh look, thewaiter is coming!

Brian: We would like the fish and the best wine you have!

Grammar 9 A: Future Tense will :

Singular: Plural:1. I will play 1. We will play

2. You will play 2. You will play

3. He will play, she will play, it will play 3. They will play

Grammar 9 B: Future Tense going to :

Singular: Plural:1. I am going to play 1. We are going to play

2. You are going to play 2. You are going to play

3. He is going to play, she is going toplay, it is going to play

3. They are going to play


29/33



29

Grammar 9 C: Future Forms :

Tenses with future meaning Examples1. Use Future Tense will for

future events that cannot becontrolled and for spontaneousreactions,

2. Future Tense going to forplans, intentions and the nearfuture,

3. Present Simple for schedules(e. g. times of arrivals anddepartures),

4. Present Progressive forindividual plans and intentions.

1. I think I will be back at seven.

2. I am going to become ateacher.

3. I am playing chess with himtomorrow.

4. The train leaves at eight.

Grammar 9 D: Conditional Forms :

Conditional Clauses Examples:

Type 1 for a general fact orsomething that is always true: If +Simple Present, Future will (orSimple Present for general facts).

Type 2 for imaginary or unreal

events and actions: If + SimplePast, Conditional 1.

Type 3 for past situation that did nothappen: If + Past Perfect,Conditional 2.

Type 1: If the rain stops,the game will continue.

Type 2: If he invited me tohis party, I would come.

Type 3: If he had taken

better care, the accidentwould not havehappened.


30/33



30

Exercise 9 A :

Fill in the correct future form of the verb. Choose from this box:am am are are going to going to going to going to will will will will will

Brian: Oh take a look at the menu! Linda: Great! I________take the fish! And you?Brian: I________probably order the fish, too. I do not know yet! Linda: Let us talka little bit about your future! What are your plans? Brian: I________________become a doctor. Linda: Great! And what________you________doafter that? Brian: Afterwards, I________ ________work in a hospital in England.Linda: And________you________stay in London? Brian: Perhaps I________go

back to Germany. Only time________tell. I would like to have family. Linda:Really? Brian: Yeah, why not? Hahahaha. And you?

Exercise 9 B :Fill in the correct form of the conditional forms. Choose from this box:asked can couldnt do had had had hadnt have have have keep kiss

leave like like like listen marry mean said say stay studied studied teartell will will would would would would would would would would

Linda: If you________, then I________ ________you now about my feelings andplans! Brian: I________ ________to hear them! Tell me. Linda: If I________thechance to do everything again, I________just________it again. But if I________________, I________ ________ ________medicine or law. If I ________here inLondon, I________ ________a nice young man. If I________the choice, we________ ________a big family. Brian: You are very honest and open, that is

great. Linda: If I________something, I always________it. Brian: And if I________, I________always________a secret. Linda: I hope so! Because if you________, I________ ________your head off. Hahahaha. Brian: But before that,you________ ________me, if I________you! Linda: If you________just________that, I probably________ ________! Hahaha. Oh look, the waiter iscoming! Brian: We________the fish and the best wine you have!


31/33



31

The End


Dialogue 10 :

Brian: Linda, why do you look so sad?

Linda: My sister is very sad. She says, she would like to break up with her boyfriend.He told her yesterday that he had met another girl three days ago on the set. Hemeant, he could not understand it, but he would still like to stay with my sister.

Typical male! My sister thinks that he should leave her alone!

Brian: My friend has a similar problem. We talked yesterday and he said that hemissed his girlfriend friend from Sweden so much. He said that he had not heardanything from her in 3 days. They got to know each other just before his departure.My friend said that she had not been very happy about his journey to London. Heasked her in his last SMS whether she still liked him...

Linda: Hmmm I do not know, what could be done. Men are said to be very difficult.Hahaha...

Brian: As a man you are not asked either ... You are simply born... Hahaha....

Linda: Stop! Men are still better educated today in many countries and served bywomen. For thousands of years, everything has been made for them by us.

Brian: Thats now in the past! The doors are now opened for women and womenhave been lifted up... Hahaha. No, you are right. Some women are paid really badly.But what can be done, so that women are not discriminated against any more?

Linda: I know that not a whole lot has changed, and still some mistakes are made.Women and men a never-ending story. That is how history began and no oneknows, how it will finish!

Lesson

10


32/33



32

Grammar 10 A: Reported Speech :

Direct Speech: Indirect (Reported) Speech:

Reporting verb is present in directspeech: e. g. Tim says: I am tired.

Reporting verb is present in indirectspeech: e. g. Tim says (that) he is tired(only pronoun changes!)

Reporting verb is past in direct speech:e. g. Tim said: I am tired today.

Reporting verb is past in indirectspeech: e. g. Tim said (that) he was tiredthat day (pronoun, adverb and tensechange!).

Present form in direct speechchanges to past.

Past form in direct speechchanges to past perfect.

Present perfect form in directspeech changes to past perfect.

Future form in direct speechchanges to conditional 1.

Attention: If something is still true, you donot need to change the verb!

Direct questions and direct orders(Examples):She asked me: Are you going to cometo my party?

He told me: Stop!

Indirect questions and indirect orders(Examples):She asked me if I was going to her party.He told me to stop.

Grammar 10 B: Passive Forms :

Active: Passive:

An active verb is used to express whatthe subject does:

A passive verb is used to express whathappens to the subject (form of to be +past participle):

Tenses with example: Present Tense: He opens the

door. Present Perfect Tense: He has

opened the door.

Past Tense: He opened thedoor.

Past Perfect Tense: He hadopened the door.

Future Tense will: He will openthe door.

Future Tense going to: He is

going to open the door.

Tenses with example: Present Tense: The door is

opened by him. Present Perfect Tense: The door

has been opened by him.

Past Tense: The door wasopened by him.

Past Perfect Tense: The door hadbeen opened by him.

Future Tense will: The door willbe opened by him.

Future Tense going to: The door

is going to be opened by him.


33/33


Exercise 10 A :Fill in the correct form of the reported speech. Choose from this box:been could had had had heard leave like like liked met missed shouldwould would

Brian: Linda, why do you look so sad? Linda: My sister is very sad. She says, she________ ________to break up with her boyfriend. He told her yesterday that he________ ________another girl three days ago on the set. He meant, he________not understand it, but he________still________to stay with my sister.Typical male! My sister thinks that he________ ________her alone! Brian: Myfriend has a similar problem. We talked yesterday and he said that he________hisgirlfriend friend from Sweden so much. He said that he________not________

anything from her in 3 days. They got to know each other just before his departure.My friend said that she________not________very happy about his journey toLondon. He asked her in his last SMS whether she still________him...

Exercise 10 B :Fill in the correct passive form of the verb. Choose from this box:are are are are are are are are asked be be been been born can could

discriminated done done educated have has lifted made made openedpaid said served

Linda: Hmmm I do not know, what________ ________ ________. Men________________to be very difficult. Hahaha... Brian: As a man you________not________either ... You________simply________... Hahaha.... Linda: Stop! Men________still better________today in many countries and________by women.For thousands of years, everything________ ________ ________for them by us.Brian: Thats now in the past! The doors________now________for women and

women________ ________ ________up... Hahaha. No, you are right. Somewomen________ ________really badly. But what________ ________ ________,so that women________not________against any more? Linda: I know that not awhole lot has changed, and still some mistakes________ ________. Women andmen a never-ending story. That is how history began and no one knows, how itwill finish!

Documents

Free English Work & Textbook