Free Response Question

“Lincoln’s election led to a number of Southern States seceding from the Union”

Using the evidence that John Green provides, EVALUATE to what extent the Election of 1860 was the cause of the

secession of the Southern States.

Election of 1860Election of 1860

• Candidates representing different views on slavery

• Abraham Lincoln – Republican

• Stephen Douglas – Northern Democrat

• John Breckenridge – Southern Democrat

• John Bell – Constitutional Union Party

Breckenridge

Early Assassination AttemptEarly Assassination Attempt

• Journeyed to Washington D.C. on Feb. 11, 1861, for inauguration

• Plot to kill Lincoln near Baltimore, Maryland

• Lincoln arrived safely

First Inaugural Address – March 1861

First Inaugural Address – March 1861

“We are not enemies, but friends…. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection.”

Secession From the UnionSecession From the Union

• Seven states seceded shortly after Lincoln’s victory (South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas)

• Four more states threatened ( Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina)

• Organized in Montgomery, Alabama

• Capital moved to Richmond, Virginia

• Davis elected first Confederate President (February 18, 1861)

THE C.S.A.THE C.S.A.

Jefferson Davis

Uncle Sam: You Rascal! Where are you going with my property?

Jeff Davis: Dear Uncle, all I want is to be left alone!

“A government that can only be saved with swords

and bayonets is no true government at all”

- George Washington

TWEDYAOD

“A government that can only be saved with swords

and bayonets is no true government at all”

- Robert E. Lee, Confederate General

TWEDYAOD

First Shots at Fort Sumter

• Supply ship prevented from reaching Fort Sumter February 1861

• Undelivered supplies returned to New York

• First shots fired April 1861

Fort Sumter

• South launched 34 hour attack

• Major Anderson led North

• Brigadier General Beauregard led South

• Anderson’s student: Beauregard

Beauregard

Fort Sumter Surrendered

• No fatalities during siege

• Union surrendered fort to Confederate personnel April 13

• Lincoln called out militia

• Prompted official secession of four more states

Anderson

Partner Time!• Choose a partner

• Get your whiteboards and markers ready

• One of you is Anderson inside Ft. Sumter

• One of you is Beauregard outside of Ft. Sumter

• You may only communicate using text messages

• Lincoln faced with decision

• General Winfield Scott resigned in 1861

• Lincoln watched results of battles over telegraph

Lincoln and His Generals

Scott

Lincoln and His Generals

• Colonel Ellsworth killed

• Lincoln went through many generals:– McClellan, Burnside,

Hooker, and Meade

• Grant was final and best commander

Ellsworth

• Over 10,000 armed conflicts

• Hundreds of battles

• 384 conflicts identified as principal conflicts

• Most fought in South

Conflicts

• Bull Run – 1861

• Antietam – 1862

• Fredericksburg – 1862

Key Early Battles

First Battle of Bull Run—1861

• Caused Northerners to take Confederate Army seriously

• Called Battle of Manassas by Confederates

• Fought close to Washington D.C, at Manassas Junction

• People came to picnic and watch

Name this document…Name this document…

When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one

people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with

another…they should declare the causes which impel (drive) them to the

separation…We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are

created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain

unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of

Happiness.--That to secure (protect) these rights, Governments are

instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the

consent(approval) of the governed, [and] whenever any Form of

Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it.

A tale of two inaugurations…A tale of two inaugurations…

A majority [of the citizens]

held in restraint by

constitutional checks and

limitations, and always

adapting easily with

deliberate changes of

popular opinions and ideas,

is the only true sovereign

(king) of a free people.

-Abraham Lincoln, 1861

Our present condition… illustrates the idea that governments rest upon the consent of the governed, and that it is the right of the people to alter or abolish governments whenever they become destructive to the ends for which they were established.

-Jefferson Davis, 1861

Ticket out the door

Something specific that I want to know or want to learn about the

Civil War is…