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12/14/2014 Frequently used UNIX commands http://wwwd0.fnal.gov/d0unix/archive/simple_commands.html 1/4 Frequently used UNIX commands Some frequently used UNIX commands to manage directories, files etc. and simple utilties are summarized here. To get more descriptive help on using UNIX commands you can go to UNIX Commands . Managing Directories pwd show the current working directory cd xyz change working directory to xyz mkdir xyz create directory named xyz rmdir xyz remove/delete directory named xyz Directory Identifiers ~(tilde) your home directory .(dot) the current working directory .. the parent directory (one level up) / root directory Managing Files ls list files in the working directory ls file1 list file file1 if it exists in the working directory ls dir1 list contents of the directory dir1 ls ‐l list directory contents with addtional information (long listing) ls ‐a list all files including hidden ones (.* files) cat file1 display contents of file1 more file1 display contents of file1, one page at a time head ‐n file1 display first n lines (default=10) of file1 tail ‐n file1 display last n lines (default=10) of file1 rm file1 remove/delete file1 rm ‐i file1 remove/delete file1 but inquire for confirmation cp file1 file2 copy file1 to file2

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Page 1: Frequently Used UNIX Commands

12/14/2014 Frequently used UNIX commands

http://www­d0.fnal.gov/d0unix/archive/simple_commands.html 1/4

Frequently used UNIX commandsSome frequently used UNIX commands to manage directories, files etc. and simple utilties are summarized here. To get more descriptivehelp on using UNIX commands you can go to UNIX Commands.

Managing Directories

 pwd      show the current working directory cd xyz        change working directory to xyz mkdir xyz    create directory named xyz rmdir xyz    remove/delete directory named xyz   

Directory Identifiers

 ~(tilde)         your home directory .(dot)           the current working directory ..               the parent directory (one level up) /                root directory

Managing Files

 ls      list files in the working directory ls file1    list file file1 if it exists in the working directory ls dir1     list contents of the directory dir1 ls ‐l      list directory contents with addtional information      (long listing) ls ‐a      list all files including hidden ones (.* files) cat file1    display contents of file1 more file1    display contents of file1, one page at a time head ‐n file1    display first n lines (default=10) of file1 tail ‐n file1    display last  n lines (default=10) of file1 rm file1     remove/delete file1 rm ‐i file1      remove/delete file1 but inquire for confirmation  cp file1 file2   copy file1 to file2

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 cp file1 dir1    copy file1 into directory dir1 mv file1 file2   move file1 to file2 (i.e., rename file1 to file2) mv file1 dir1    move file1 into directory dir1 diff file1 file2 display lines which are different in file1 and file2

For more descriptive help on searching, sorting etc., go to File Manipulation Utilities.

Managing Jobs ctrl‐c           kill current job ctrl‐z           suspend current job bg      run suspended job in background fg            bring suspended/background job to foreground ps      list processes by their process identifier (PID) kill PID    kill process with process identifier PID      jobs      list your jobs by job number

On­line help man command    display manual entry for command man ‐k keyword   list manual pages that pertain to keyword insight     on‐line help on SGI (X version) learn      on‐line tutorial on IBM

System Information who               list users logged onto the system whoami            displays your logon ID (username) df                display number of free blcoks on disk du                display disk usage

Utility Programs wc file1           displays the number of lines, words and characters                    in file1       sort file1         sort contents of file, send results to                     standard output grep pattern file1 look for pattern in file1, send

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                    results to standard output tar file1          write to or retrieve file1 from an archival                    storage medium (e.g., tape) compress file1     compresses file1 and writes file1.Z uncompress file1.Z restores file1 from compressed format  uniq file1 file2   delete duplicate lines in file1 and                     write the new version of file1 into file2 find path ‐name   \search the directory tree path     file ‐print   /for file and display echo string        translate parameter string and display

Special Characters *                 match any character (wild card) &                 put job in background !                 repeat previous command ;                 Concatenate several commands on one line #                 start of a comment #!                first two characters of a shell script

I/O Redirection Commands (csh, tcsh)  <                 redirect standard input (get input from) >                 redirect standard output (write output to) >&                redirect standard output and standard error >!                redirect standard output, overwrite file if it exists >!&               redirect standard output and error,  overwrite file if it exists  |                 send output from first command to input of second command (pipe) >>                append standard output >>&               append standard output and error 

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