Friday 4/3• RAP

– Name two of Eisenhower’s accomplishments during his presidency.

• Today:– Check Ike notes—Ch. 19.3 – Review Ike– PPT on Ch. 18– online– Proverb due next Monday!!

Student Response• Please select a proverb that reflects an important

lesson from the McCarthy era and write it on a blank sheet of notebook paper. (Keep it in your notebook)

• Below the proverb create a drawing of the proverb and then label parts of the drawing with appropriate historical comparisons.– “Look before you leap!”– “People who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones.”– “You can’t judge a book by its cover.”

• For extra points you can present your proverb to the class.

• Keep it in your notebook for note check.

1. Make a list giving examples of why people liked and trusted Eisenhower.

Eisenhower

Make a list describing his accomplishments as President of the U.S. • First term: energetic, efficient, and clean up the mess.

– Private development hydroelectric and nuclear power plants– Approve the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 – private companies to operate

nuclear power plants.• Second term: peace, progress, and prosperity.

– Explorer I launched in 1958 in response to Sputnik– NASA- National Aeronautics and Space Administration– Federal Interstate Highway Act- increase road safety, promote

commerce, and preserve the nation’s unity. (Hitler autobahn)• Legacy:

– Congress extended Social Security to cover another 7 mil and unemployment compensation to cover another 4 mil

– minimum wage from 75 cents an hour to $1– Federally financed housing for low income families– St. Lawrence Seaway to connect Great Lakes to Atlantic Ocean.

This is not in the reading, but where do you think Eisenhower got the idea of the interstate highway system?

1960 Presidential Contest• Richard Nixon (Republican) vs. John F. Kennedy (Democrat)• Protestant vs. Catholic• Son of a shopkeeper vs. son of a Massachusetts millionaire.• Middle America vs. Harvard elite• Both had similar views on foreign affairs and domestic issues.

– Nixon and Kennedy both agreed with the handling of Cuba• 1960, Kennedy was not a strong advocate of civil rights issues and Nixon

was a moderate on the issue.

• Campaign– Electronic media was a big factor in the campaign– Debate- TV viewers liked Kennedy—he looked good-tan and fit but

radio listeners liked Nixon due to his strong arguments.– Kennedy won 49.7 to 49.5.

Ch. 18.1: From War to Peace• Demobilization: The dismantling of the

huge U.S. war machine.– Daunting task- much needed

workers for U.S. industry-which was converting from wartime to peacetime production.

• Out of the depression-Americans now had the highest standard of living the world had ever known.

• Wages were up; prices were up; and advertising was persuading people to consume.

What did this mean for society?

• G.I. Bill of Rights: passed in 1944 gave soldiers educational benefits along with low interest mortgages.– Spurred a huge demand for

housing after the war, creating a construction boom.

– Rate of home ownership increased between 1940 and 1960 from 44 to 62 percent of American households.

Automobile Culture• Drive-ins• Highway Act of 1956

Move to suburbs

Ch. 18.2: Suburban Lifestyles• Growth of Suburbs:

• Suburbia: residential areas outside the city.– Number of suburban dwellers doubled

• fled the city to avoid crime, congestion, or due to their own prejudices against African Americans, Native Americans, and Hispanics who were moving to the cities.

– Phoenix was growing in huge numbers due to the soldiers returning to the state.

• Population almost tripled from 1940 – 1960.• Many who came to the bases during the war wanted to

move back and the GI Bill helped them afford to do it.

American Dream: pg. 608

• Many white, middle class Americans shared a life that represented the American Dream—owned their own home, children went to good schools, lived in a good neighborhood, and were economically secure.

• Some people mocked the “cookie cutter” houses, but suburbs helped people become more social.

• Suburbs, Automobiles, American Dream 4:07 min

Baby Boom: pg.609• Population increased by 19 million in the 1940s and by

almost 30 million in the 1950s. – Fueled the economy and helped sustain prosperity.– First generation raised on television.– Medical advances, antibiotics and vaccines helped make

children healthier and happier. On April 12, 1955, the Salk vaccine was declared a safe and effective vaccine for Polio.

• Dr. Benjamin Spock-popularized the theory that early childhood experiences influence an individual’s entire life. – Urged mothers to spare the rod and to devote themselves to

creating an atmosphere of warmth and trust for their children.

– Spock suggested that the government should pay mothers so that they would not have to seek outside employment.

• Failed to gain popular support, smacked of socialism.

• Baby Boom 2:18 min

A Woman’s Place• Women were discouraged from going to

college in the 1950s.– Many who did go to college focused on

Home Economics. • TV promoted the perfect homemaker; i.e.

“Leave it to Beaver” and “Father knows Best.”

• Betty Friedan raised the issue of a woman’s role in society.– Wrote the “Feminine Mystique” in 1963.

Describing women’s thoughts of “Is this all?”• After WWII, the government and industries

urged women to go back home and give the jobs to the men coming home from war.

• Women in the workforce steadily increased in jobs such as typists, secretaries, etc. – Stereotyped images of women’s roles did

not lead to equality in the workplace.– lower wages– women could not expect a professional

career.

Culture of the Time: 1950’s• Rock ‘n Roll Arrives:

– Little Richard, Elvis Presley, American Bandstand

• Favorites on TV – I Love Lucy and Mickey Mouse Club

Television and the American Dream 4:48 min

Ch. 18.3: Poverty and Plenty

– What is the culture of poverty?

Invisible Poor• People were not in view of everyday sights

which made them invisible to many Americans.

• Prosperous Americans closed their eyes to the poverty around them.

• Middle class moved to the suburbs.• Lack of political voice.—European

immigrants who were aided by political bosses.

• Many fled cities when they were economically secure enough to move to the suburbs.

• Urban poor: African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and Appalachia.

• The Other America, a book by Michael Harrington shocked prosperous Americans in 1962. – He wrote that 50 million Americans lived in

poverty.• Not just defined as lack of money but also

lack of hope

Culture of Poverty• Poor after WWII did not have social welfare programs to

enable them to break out of poverty. • Reasons for poverty: racial and ethnic prejudice and

discrimination.• Many elderly also found themselves without social security and

had never received a pension from their employer.• Almost half were children along with many elderly who lived on

less than 1,000 a year.• Modern medicine prolonged the life of the elderly person while

modern technology left them unemployed.• Rural poverty drove thousands to the cities straining an already

dire situation in areas such as housing, education, and transportation facilities. Housing projects became popular areas for the poor to live-low rent.

African Americans• African American poverty was a little different

because they also had to deal with deep seated racial prejudice.– In NYC, 50% had incomes under $4000 a year.

• Many African Americans were only able to get low paying jobs due to discrimination and children were segregated in inadequate schools.

Hispanic Hardships• Many immigrants from Puerto Rico

flocked to the US to escape the poverty at home and obtain the riches they had seen or heard about.– They had to deal with the language

barrier, culture, and American ways.• Mexican Americans faced

discrimination similar to Puerto Ricans.– Many Mexican American families had

been citizens of the US for generations.– Made up migrant farm workers;

following the crops and living in shacks.– The Bracero program was an

agreement with the Mexican government permitting seasonal farm workers during WWII. They were to leave after the crop, but many stayed illegally.

– The government launched a deportation program in 1953 called Operation Wetback. Derogatory term used to describe Mexicans who crossed the Rio Grande illegally. This program deported more than 3 million people.

Native Americans• One of the smallest, poorest, and most ignored

minority groups in the US.• Unemployment rate was extremely high on the

reservation and many migrated to the cities.• In 1953, the federal government adopted the

termination policy- this policy tried to end the reservation system and related federal services.– This policy resulted in the Native Americans losing

thousands of acres of land to agricultural, lumber, and mining interests.

• The government encouraged and helped Native Americans relocate to the cities, helping with moving expenses, jobs, and finding houses.

• This policy ended up victimizing Native Americans.• Upward mobility vs. the migrant poor 5:32 min

Monday 4/6• RAP

– How did the GI Bill help soldiers coming back from WWII?

– Who was still hurting in the 1950s? Why?

• Today:– Finish Iron Curtain– Work on SG and get notes ready for note check

• Check notes

• Test on Tuesday.– SG is not due, but you should know what is on the

study guide for the test.– SG must be complete if you want to retake the test.

• SG will not stay online forever!!!!