Friday, October 25th * Also, make sure you have turned in the following this week: Letter to Congressman, 6 Ways of Looking @ New Deal, New Deal Philosophical

Chairs wksh., Brain Chain wksh., Primary Source packet on Appeasement

Bell Work: Please log-on to your computer and visit the class wiki’s “Vocab and SFIs” page and spend the first 15 minutes of class reviewing the vocab for Unit 9. If you did not finish your letter yesterday in class, please turn it in to the homework bin now.

Daily Agenda:

Do Now: Vocabulary AcquisitionWord of the Day ReviewNotes: World War II UnveiledPass-Fail Quiz #2Debate Planning and Research

Homework: Read articles on Atomic Bombing and complete debate planning sheet.

Why is this a Non-Example of the word PLACID?

(Non-Example) October 25,Block 2

Placid - Serene; Calm or quiet; undisturbed by tumult or disorder

Placid - Serene; Calm or quiet; undisturbed by tumult or disorder

The faces in this picture show panic and stress. They are making an attempt to flee towards or away from something. This scene is not calm or quiet, but quite the opposite.

(Non-Example) October 25, Block 2

*Complete a Poem*Haiku

Arrived late to game (5 syllables)

Players got sick on the field (7 syllables)(5 syllables)

(Complete a Poem)

October 25, Block 4

Fiasco – A complete failure; debacle (Review Lesson from Thurs)

*Complete a Poem*Haiku

Arrived late to game (5 syllables)

Players got sick on the field (7 syllables)

What a Fiasco (5 syllables)

Fiasco – A complete failure; debacle (Possible Answer))

(Complete a Poem) October 25 , Block 4

Unit 9 Notes

Timeline to War

Japanese Invasion of Manchuria (1931)

Japan operated a railway in Manchuria that was dynamited in mid-1931.In response, the Japanese blamed Chinese dissidents and began an invasion of Manchuria (where the railroad was located)The Japanese military staged a full invasion of Manchuria without the Emperor’s permission.When the local government fled, a “Peoples Preservation Committee” was put in place that immediately voted to secede from China.The Manchukuo was formedAction went unpunished by League of Nations

World Disarmament Conference (1932)

Meeting between the League of Nations, U.S., and USSR to discuss Reduction and Limitation of Armaments Disagreements arose over what constituted "offensive" and "defensive" weapons, and the polarization of France and Germany.The U.S. and British were unprepared to offer the additional security commitments that France requested in exchange for limitation of French armaments.The talks failed when Hitler withdrew Germany from the conference and League of Nations.

Stimson Doctrine (1932)

U.S. policy toward China and Japan of non-recognition of international territorial changes affected by force.U.S. would not recognize any changes made in China that would curtail American treaty rights in the area and that the "open door" must be maintained.Japanese, however, were not dissuaded by non-recognition and continued their aggression, confident that the U.S. would not take stronger action because of the heavy economic restrictions of the Depression.

Good Neighbor Policy (1933)

United States shifted to other methods to maintain its influence in Latin America: Pan-Americanism, support for strong local leaders, the training of national guards, economic and cultural penetration, Export-Import Bank loans, financial supervision, and political subversion.The Good Neighbor Policy meant that the United States would keep its eye on Latin America in a more peaceful toneSec. Of State Cordell Hull: "No country has the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of another"

Neutrality Act (1935)

Sought to ensure that the US would not become entangled again in foreign conflictsMade no distinction between aggressor and victim, treating both equally as "belligerents“Limited the US government's ability to aid Britain against Nazi Germany

1935 – No trade to “Belligerents”

1937 – No loans or travel; “Cash-and-Carry”

1939 – Renews expired “Cash-and-Carry” provision

Spanish Civil War (1936)

Falangists (Fascists) revolted against the Republican govt. in Spain.While some individual Americans went to Spain to support the republican cause (Abraham Lincoln Brigade), the U.S. and Britain agreed to offer no assistance to either side despite their sympathies to the Republican movement.Italy and Germany openly and actively supported the Falangists

FDR’s “Quarantine” Speech (1937)

After Japan invaded China’s 5 Northern Provinces, FDR felt they could not go unpunished.In a speech he declared that all aggressor nations should be “quarantined” by the international community.While being intentionally vague, the speech outraged isolationists in the U.S. and FDR refused to commit to any collective action against Japan.

USS Panay sunk by Japan (1937)

USS Panay traveled up the Yangtze River to protect American business interests in China.Japanese pilots bombed the gunboat in broad daylight Japanese claimed the bombing was an accident despite clear skies and large American flag painted on the deck of the boat.American officials accepted an apology from the Japanese to pacify isolationists pressures.

Cash-and-Carry Act (1937)

Allowed the sale of material to belligerents, as long as the recipients arranged for the transport and paid immediately in cash.Created a sense of neutrality while allowing the U.S. to aid Britain.Also increased manufacturing in the midst of the Roosevelt Recession and prevented U.S. businesses from tying their success to a belligerent nation.

St. Louis – Voyage of the Damned (1939)

Nazi allow large vessel packed with 900 Jewish exiles to sail for Havana for permanent relocationWhen they arrived, they were turned away by the Cuban governmentFDR forbid them from entering the U.S.They were also turned away by Canada, before returning to England, France, the Netherlands, and BelgiumWhy did Hitler do it?

Aggressive Actions in Europe:

Aug. 1939 – Non-Aggression Pact between Germany and Soviet UnionSept. 1 ’39 – Germany Invades PolandSept. 3 – Britain declares war on GermanyFall ’39 – Phony WarSpring 1940 – Germany invades Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, then FranceJune 1940 – Italy invades southern France (Vichy government set up)Sept 1940 – Tripartite Pact signed between Germany, Japan, and ItalyDec. 7, 1941 – Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor

Roosevelt’s Challenge

Soviet’s sought immediate relief through the opening of a second (Western) front in Europe.British preferred to attack the outer boarders of Nazi territory in North Africa and Southern Europe.Eager to engage American forces in fighting, FDR sided with the British.

Battle for North Africa

Americans arrive late in 1942 to support British forces fighting against “Desert Fox” Rommel.British drove back Germans in Egypt, while U.S. troops pushed east from Morocco. By May of 1943, German troops were forced to retreat from Tunisia.

Battle for North Africa

Major victories occurred at El Alamein and Tunis, while the German’s succeeded at Kasserine Pass.Fighting was dominated by tank-warfare and air support.

Growing Soviet Anger

The dedication of troops to North Africa delayed the invasion of France.In addition, Hitler dedicated a tremendous force to the capture of Stalingrad with no regard to losses

Italian Invasion

With a Soviet victory at Stalingrad, Churchill and FDR met at Casablanca and decided upon an invasion of Italy.Beginning in May of 1943, the allies invaded Sicily and the Italian mainland.By June 1944, they had controlled as far north as Rome and were surging.

Allied Success in the Pacific

At the Battle of Coral Sea, U.S. aircraft carriers prevented a Japanese invasion of Australia.Though we lost more ships, it was a symbolic victory as the first time Japanese expansion was prevented.

Allied Success in the Pacific

In April 1942, James Doolittle led a convoy of 16 bombers on a mission to strike back at Japan.Using land-based planes launched from an aircraft carrier, they attacked 16 targets before heading to China and Russia.None of the planes made it back, though the crews of 14 planes would eventually return home.

The Battles of Midway

In June 1942, the Japanese attacked the Midway Islands in hopes of eliminating the American fleet in the Pacific.Code breakers identified the date and time of attack and the U.S. destroyed 5 major ships while losing only 2.Loss devastated the Japanese and gave the U.S. the initiative in battle.

Guadalcanal

Japanese used the Solomon Islands to interrupt U.S. connections with AustraliaBeginning in Aug. 1942, allied forces overwhelmed the outnumbered Japanese in a series of three major land battles, 5 naval battles, and constant aerial attacks.After 7 months of fighting, U.S. was victorious in its first “combined forces” fighting. In the process, allied forces killed 30,000 enemy troops, destroyed 38 ships, and eliminated over 800 aircraft (and pilots).

Guadalcanal

The Burma Road

The allies began using the Burma Road to connect British supplies in India to Chinese allies.This prompted the Japanese invasion of Burma in 1942.

The Normandy Invasion

June 6, 1944 – over 160,000 allied troops invade the Normandy coastline.Established a threatening 2nd front against GermanySignified the beginning of the end for Germany but also the race for Europe by the allies

Battle of the Bulge

After liberating Paris, allied troops made a push towards Germany.Hitler order one final massive offensive in the Ardennes forest in Belgium.Despite 89,000 U.S. casualties, the allies held the offensive and eventually depleted Germany of its ability to defend itself.Four months later, Hitler would commit suicide as allied forces approached Berlin.

V-E Day

May 8, 1945 – Hitler’s replacement Karl Donitz signs an “unconditional surrender” ending European fighting in WWII.

Back in the Pacific

Oct. 1944 – Leyte Gulf Largest naval battle in historyAmerican force included 34 carriers, 12 battleships, 24 cruisers, 141 destroyers, and over 1500 planesJapanese force = 4 carriers, 9 battleships, 35 destroyers and 300+ planes.Losses: Americans 3 carriers, 2 destroyers and 1500 lives. Japanese 4 carriers, 3 battleships, 20 destroyers, and over 10,000 livesAfterward, the little of the Japanese navy that remained was too short on fuel to leave their ports.

Battle of Iwo Jima

1st Allied invasion of Japanese home islandsStrategic airfields for bombing110,000 U.S. troops (24% casualty rate)Only battle in which Marine casualties exceeded Japanese casualtiesOver 3000 sorties would be flown from Iwo Jima to Japan afterward

Battle of Okinawa

June 1945 (82 day battle)548,000 U.S. troops involved (84,525 casualties, nearly 50,000 deaths).As many as 280,000 Japanese killedFinal major battle in the PacificSet the scale and tone for an invasion of JapanCasualty rate helped prompt decision to use atomic bombs