FromaWorld-WideWebofPagestoaWorld-WideWebofThings

Interoperability for Connected Devices

JeffJaffe,W3CCEO25February2016

TheInternetofThings

Stillveryimmature,butwithmassivepotential

Lackofinteroperabilityattheapplicationlevell Datasilosareholdingbackthepotential

Openorclosedsystem?l Closedsystemsincentive:controll Opensystemsprompt:reducedcostsandincreasedmarketsizel Re-prise of“theWeb”

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BridgingtheSilos

IsolatedIoT products createdatasilosl Vendorsusefixedcloudaddressfordevices

touploaddatatol Incompatibleprotocols,formatsanddatamodels

Silos hindercreationofservices thatcombinedifferentdata

Howtoenableeasyintegrationofdatasources?

TheWeb istheframeworkthatoffersaunifying approach:l Forsimplifyingapplicationdevelopmentacrossmanyplatformsl Formetadataasabasisfordiscovery, interoperability,andopen

marketsofservices With thanks toMajorClanger

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ManyPotentialIoT ApplicationAreaseachevolvingrichcapabilities

SmartHomes Wearables

Power&Environment SmartCities

Healthcare

Manufacturing

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Manufacturing:Past– Present– Future

Past:Disruptivechangesl Fromcottageindustrytomassproductionl Computerisation

Enterpriseresourceplanningandorderprocessingl Globalization

LowcosttransportofgoodsandmaterialsOffshoringforcheaperlabourcosts

Future:smartmanufacturingl SeismicshiftsascompaniesembracetheInternetofThings

MichaelPorter:“HowSmartConnectedProductsareTransformingCompetition”

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Whatisdrivingchange?

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SmartManufacturing

Shiftfrommassproductiontotailoredproductionl Customfinishedproductstomatchuniqueneedsl Reducedtimefromdesigntodeliveryl Flexibleproductionsystemstomeetchangingneedsl Openmarketsofservices

Smartersystemsl Importanceofmodelsandmetadatal Productionplanningl Monitoringandoptimisationl Costreductionl Easierintegration

Tesla's new production line

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TheWebandW3C

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WorldWideWebConsortium

Mission: leadtheWebtoitsfullpotentiall TheWebistheworld'slargestvendor-neutraldistributedapplicationplatform

FoundedbySirTimBerners-Lee, inventoroftheWebl 400+Membersl Member-funded internationalorganisation

DevelopsstandardsforWebandsemantic technologiesl HTML,CSS,scriptingAPIs,XML,SVG,VoiceXML,

SemanticWebandLinkedDataetc.l Developeroriented,enablingcooperationbetween

organisationswithverydifferentbackgroundsl W3Cpatentpolicyforroyaltyfreestandardsl W3Cstaffofengineersactivelyparticipatinginstandardisationl Increasinglyinvolvedinverticals:Mobile,TV,Automotive,Digitalpublishing

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WhyisSemanticsImportant?

Whatistherelevancetodigitalautomation?l Sharedvocabulariesforentitiesandtheirrelationships

l Describingthesoftwareobjects thatstandforphysicalorabstract“things”

l Whensearchingforserviceswithagivensemantics

l Tofacilitatethedesignofservicecompositionsl Optimalplanningforflexibleproductionofbespokeproducts

W3C Semantic Web Standards Stack

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AGrowingCloudofLinkedData,but

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…potential interop problems with IoT 12

WebofThingsTechnologystack

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WebofThings

TheWebisfuellingatransitionfromcostlymonolithicsoftwaretoopenmarketsofapps

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Things

Applicationsactonsoftwareobjectsthatstandforthings

l Local“things”l Remote“things

Richdescriptionsforevery“thing”l Datamodels,semantics,metadatal Ontologiesthatdescribe“things”

Thingsdon’tneedtobeconnectedl Abstractentitiesandunconnectedphysicalobjects

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CommunicationsStack– CleanseparationofconcernsApplication Scripts that define thing behaviour in terms of their properties, actions

and events, using APIs for control of sensor and actuator hardware

Things Software objects that hold their stateAbstract thing to thing messagesSemantics and Metadata, Data models and Data

Transfer Bindings of abstract messages to mechanisms provided by each protocol, including choice of communication pattern, e.g. pull, push, pub-sub, peer to peer, etc.

Transport REST based protocols, e.g. HTTP, CoAPPub-Sub protocols, e.g. MQTT, XMPPOthers, including non IP transports, e.g. Bluetooth

Network Underlying communication technology with support for exchange of simple messages (packets)Many technologies designed for different requirements

ApplicationDeveloper(WoT focus)

PlatformDeveloper(IoT focus)

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MetadataaskeytoPlatformofPlatforms

l Differentplatformsusingdifferent technologystandards,differentprotocolsanddifferentdataformats

l WebofThingsasabstractionlayerovertheseplatforms

l Application logicdecoupled fromtheunderlying platforms

l Serversrelyonrichmetadatatocommunicate

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HorizontalandVerticalMetadataVocabularies

W3Ccoremetadatavocabulariesusedacrossapplicationdomains

Industryspecificgroupsareinbestpositiontodefinevocabulariesforeachvertical

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OneLevelDeeperonHorizontalMetadataCoremetadataapplicableacrossapplicationdomains

Thingdescriptionsl Linkstothingsemanticsl Datamodelsandrelationshipsbetweenthingsl Dependenciesandversionmanagementl Discoveryandprovisioningl BindingstoAPIsandprotocols

Securityrelatedmetadatal Securitypracticesl Mutualauthenticationl Accesscontroll Termsandconditions– relationshipto“Liability”l Paymentsl TrustandIdentityVerificationl PrivacyandProvenancel Safety,ComplianceandResilience

Communication-relatedmetadatal Protocolsandportsl Dataformatsandencodingsl Multiplexingandbufferingofdatal Efficientuseofprotocols

Metadata

Things

CommsSecurity

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WebofThingsValue

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EnablingVerticalandHorizontalIntegration

Business Level

Field Level

integration alongthe supply chain

integration alongthe value chain*

high levelsof abstraction

low levelsof abstraction

Webof

Things

§ Distributed services§ Platform of platforms§ Uniform addressing§ Data and metadata

*value chain – the process or activities by which a company adds value to an article, including design, production, marketing, and the provision of after sales serviceIndustrie 4.0 AssetsThings = Industrie 4.0 Components

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Enabledbysemantics,metadataanddatamodels

l DiscoveryofservicesThebenefitsofalinguafranca,anditslimitations

l Composition ofservicesFromdifferentvendorsforanopenmarketofservices

l MonetizationofservicesSupport forawidevarietyofmodels

l Security,privacy,safety,compliance,trust,resiliencel Scalingonmultipledimensions

Frommicrocontrollerstomassivecloud-basedserverfarms

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BusinessValuefortheWebofThings

Largecompanieswanttheirsuppliers tointegratewiththeirsoftwaresystemsforgreaterefficiencies

l Integrationalongthesupplyandvaluechains

SMEsfindthisenabling– thecostofdeveloping thecorresponding softwareisreduced

l Replacingcostlymonolithicsoftwarewithcheaperapps&services

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EnablesanOpenMarketofThings

Appsforconnecting suppliersandconsumersl Analogoustomarketplacesofappsforsmartphonesl SME’scanscriptappstosuittheirspecificneeds

Marketplacefeaturesl Discovery,reviews,recommendations,ranking/reputationl Dynamiccompositiontomatchgivenrequirementsl Automatednegotiationofcontractstosavetimeandmoney

Lifecyclesupportl Developing,testing,publishing,vetting,updates,obsolescence

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WebofThingsActivity

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W3CWebofThingsInterestGroup

WorkshopinBerlin (June2014)l LaunchofWebofThingsIGin2015l ChairedbyJörg Heuer,Siemensl Taskforces

ThingdescriptionsAPIsandprotocolsDiscoveryandprovisioningSecurity,privacyandresilienceCommunicationsandcollaboration

Strongemphasisonimplementationexperiencel Demosandplug-fests

Facetofacemeetingsl Past:Munich,Sunnyvale,Sapporo,SophiaAntipolisl JointmeetingswithIRTFThingtoThingResearchGroup

l Future:Montreal,Canada(April2016);Beijing,China(July2016); Lisbon,Portugal(September2016)

Plan:smartautomationtaskforcel Otherapplicationdomainstofollow

Liaisonswithindustryalliances andSDOstodriveconvergence

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LiaisonsandCollaborations

Reachingouttoindustryalliances andSDO’stodriveconvergencetounleashthepotential

l Plattform Industrie 4.0Especiallythe“semantics”subgroup

l IndustrialInternetConsortiuml OpenConnectivityFoundationl OPCFoundationl IETF/IRTFl oneM2Ml AIOTI

AIOTI27/31

MembersoftheWebofThingsInterestGroup

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WebofThingsWorkingGroup

TheInterestGroup(IG)isworkingonl Usecases,requirements,technologylandscapeandplansforlaunchingworkinggroups(WG)l IGspreparethegroundforstandardsbutdon’tdevelopstandardsl WGsarecharteredtodevelopstandards(W3CRecommendations)

We’recollecting ideas includingl Horizontalmetadatavocabularies(things,security,communications)l Serialisationsofmetadata,e.g.,asJSON-LDl APIsandbindingstospecificprotocolsandplatforms

WebofThingsWorkingGrouptobelaunchedin2016

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TheBottomLine

TheWebisessentialforrealizingthefullpotentialoftheIoT

TheWebprovidesaunifying frameworkforsemanticinteroperability

TheWebactsasaglobalmarketplaceforsuppliersandconsumersofservices

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FormoreinformationonW3Csee:

www.w3.org

WorkwithustobuildtheWebofThings!

Thankyou!31