From actuation control to ferromagnetism and ...irmbor.co.rs/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Prezentacija3.pdf · Common borders. Common solutions. C.M. Crăciunescu, J.Li si M.Wuttig,

EUROPEAN UNION GOVERNMENT OF ROMANIA SERBIAN GOVERNMENT Structural Funds

2007-2013

Common borders. Common solutions.

Romania – Republic of Serbia

IPA Cross-border Cooperation Programme

From actuation control to ferromagnetism and

biocompatibility in shape memory alloys

Common borders. Common solutions. Shape memory & Actuation

Can we try to outsmart Smart materials !?

…via design of actuators with enhanced output


B. Winzek et al. Materials Science and Engineering 2004

Embeeded SMA transformations

Embeeded

dissimilar

transformations


Factors to play [smart] with:

Composition

Stress

Microstructure

Ways to play [smart] with:

- by generating architectures based on thin films that would

allow the maximization of the properties (actuation) via

- substrate’s reinforcement

- layering the films

- grading the film

- modulating the actuation response


deposition

crystallization

annealing

45 min

600

400

200

0

-200

-400

Str

ess

[ M

Pa]

Temperature [ o C]

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

C. Crăciunescu, Y. Kishi, L. Saraf, R. Ramesh and M. Wuttig, MRS Proceedings vol 687

0 25 50 75 100D

efl

ecti

on

[m

]

200

0

100

Temperature [oC]

Stress –related observations

Bimorph cantilever

Ni50Mn28Ga22 /Si

annealed at 400 (o), 500( ) şi 600 ( ) oC

(TiPd)50(TiNi)50

S.Mathews, J.Li, Q. Su, M. Wuttig Philosophical magazine letters


B. Winzek and E. Quandt, Zeitschrift fuer Metallkunde

Composition-related observations

Ti-Ni-Pd system


C.M. Crăciunescu, J.Li si M.Wuttig, Thin Solid Films

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700200

0.51 01.5

300

500

700

600

400

60 50 40 30

6

8

1

0

Debye – Waller

Factor

(x 103)

Chemical

Disorder

Saturation Magnetization

[mT]

RTA

Temperature

[oC]

Ferromagnetism Shape

memory Ferromagnetic

Shape Memory

1 1.

5

0.

5 0

Ms

[oC]

H

[J/g]

Austenite Martensite

sequence

Magnetization

Martensitic

Transformation

Surface

features

1

m

H. Rumpf, C.M. Craciunescu et all. – JMMM

Successive occurrence of ferromagnetic shape memory

properties during crystallization of rapid annealed free-standing

films

Microstructure-related observations


Main question

How to play smart with thin film opportuntities and

to generate a new and controlable space for

microactuation


Experimental set up


Y. Motemani, P. J. Buenconsejo, C. Craciunescu, and A. Ludwig – Advanced Materials and Interfaces

Free standing films

Ti-Ta HTSMA films

RT deposition !!!

Opens new

opportunities !


Bimorphs

C. Craciunescu, A. Ercuta – Smart Mater. Struct

with homogenous films, one transition

Experimental

observation

Models

Validation


with additional stress control layer

Bimorphs


Bimorphs Trimorphs


on heating on cooling

Trimorphs


500 m 100 m

Side a

Side b

4 mm

Thermal Actuation

Profile

Sequence of transformations on cooling

Film a ( f1) Film b ( f2)

II

I

I

II

I

II

I

II

I

no

transformation

Modulating the actuation response

Trimorphs


Shape memory & Biocompatibility


HET CAM TEST HET-CAM


Assessment of biocompatibility

(in situ experiments)

In collaboration with Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie “Victor Babes” Timisoara


Ferromagnetism & Shape memory


Magnetically controlled shape memory

Magnetic and elastic domains

Independent Interrelated

T. Kakeshita, K. Ullako –MRS Bull., vol. 27, No. 2, 2002


NiTi

FeNi

FMSMA

Special Lattice

Relationship

FerromagnetMartensite

FePt

FePd

NiMnGa

CoNiGa

Where Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys can be found?

Ferromagnetic martensites a certain

(s+p+d) concentration and a ferro-

antiferromagnetic transition.

Shape memory alloy require a special

lattice relationship between high and low

temperature phases to be structurally

compatible.

Ferromagnetic shape memory

alloys (FMSMAs) form when all

three conditions are fulfilled.

Martensitic phase changes - likely to occur

at certain average valence electron

concentrations.

Wuttig, Li, Craciunescu – Scripta mater

Common borders. Common solutions. Co-Ni-Ga ferromanetic shape memory system

Craciunescu C.M., et all. SPIE Proceedings, vol.4699 (2002) 235-244


Co Ga

Ni

% Ga

% Ni

% Co

....

Compositional range for

0 25 50 75 100

0

25

50

75

100 0

25

50

75

100

B2

Co Ni

Ga

B2

7.

3 7.6 7.9

[at %]

[at %]

[at %]

e’/a

e/a

ordered solid solution e/a

in Co-Ni-Ga system

Wuttig, Li, Craciunescu – Scripta mater. 44


Figure 5: Elasto-mechanical (damping (■) and modulus defect (○)) and

microstructural changes (inserts taken on heating) observed during the

thermal cycling of a Co50Ni22Ga28 FMSMA.

110 oC

85 oC

75 oC

RT

C.M. Craciunescu, Y. Kishi, M.Wuttig, Scripta Materiallia, vol 47/4

Co50Ni29.5Ga20.5

Co54.13Ni27.06Ga18.81

Co45.05Ni32.42Ga22.53

Co50Ni29.5Ga20.5

Co61.29Ni19.35Ga19.35

Co Ni Ga

Dendrites 60.8 21.9 17.3

Matrix 42.9 28.1 29


Martensitic matrix and

non-martensitic precipitates

Full martensitic structure

Co58Ni22Ga20

Co50Ni22Ga28

Co47.22Ni22.44Ga30.29


0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00 0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

Ga

NiCo

Co %

Ga %

Ni %

18 20 22 24 26 28 300

100

200

300

400

500

600

MS [

K]

Ni %

Co 50%

48.0 48.5 49.0 49.5300

350

400

450

500

Ms [K

]

Co %

Ga 25%

Co tends to decrease the

transformation temperatures Ni tends to increase the

transformation temperatures


7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.0 8.20.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

Ms [

oC]

Theoretical

Ni2MnGa

Co2NiGa

Mn/Ga

Ni/MnNi/Ga

Co/Ni

Rati

o

e/a

7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.0 8.2

-200

0

200

400

600 Experimental

Ni2MnGa

Co2MnGa

Co2NiGaAl

C.M. Craciunescu et all. -SPIE Proceedings


Main Conclusions

• Enhancement of actuation is possible beyond the classical solutions

• Significant differences can be observed between bimorphs and trimorphs

• Signal modulation can be achieved in trimorphs by appropriately selecting

the films transformation and their deposition sequence

• Assesment of biocompatibility via in situ tests

• Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys show martensitic phase transformation

controlled by thermal and magnetic fields


• To manufacture shape memory alloys that are thermally

and magnetically controlled

• To develop layered structures based on shape memory

alloys

• To control the properties by nanostructuring via severe

plastic deformation and rapid solidification

Goals within POCAL Project


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From actuation control to ferromagnetism and ...irmbor.co.rs/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Prezentacija3.pdf · Common borders. Common solutions. C.M. Crăciunescu, J.Li si M.Wuttig,