From Adoption to ImplementationExperiences in the EU

Bill Duncan,ASSURRE

EU Research Center Workshop, Prague 13 April 2004

Wastedisposal

Waste management

Resource recovery

Sustainable development

Legislation fortreatment methods

HazardousMaterials

ProductStreams

Development ofRecycling targets

Development ofSource Separation

6th EAP

EVOLUTION OF LEGISLATION

Shipment Regulation

Waste Management Policy

Community Waste Management

Strategy COM(96)399, 30.7.96)

Waste Framework Directive (Dir. 91/156/EEC)

Specific Waste Streams

Waste Treatment operations

Landfill of waste (Dir. 99/31/EC)

Waste oils(Dir 75/439/EEC)

Sewage sludge(Dir. 86/278/EEC)

Batteries

(Dir. 91/157/EEC

& 93/86/EEC)

Packaging(Dir. 94/62/EC)

PCBs(Dir. 96/59/EC)

Electric & Electronic

Waste(2002/96/EC )

Directive on hazardous waste(Dir. 91/689/EEC)

Regulation on shipment of waste(Reg. (EEC) 259/93)

Framework legislation

End of life vehicles

(2000/53/EC)

Incineration of waste(Dir. 2000/76/CE)

Construction and Demolition Waste

PVCStrategy

Biodegradable Waste

IPPC96/61/EC

80

100

120

140

160

1985 1990 1995 2000

Index 1985=100

GNP

HH waste

Ind. waste

WASTE PRODUCTION 1985-2000 - NL

HOUSEHOLD PACKAGING IN FranceSource : ADEME

g:/aia/indicators/slides/the yir1999 presentation

6

ECO-EFFICIENCY AND MATERIAL FLOWS

90 90

8080

7070

6060

5050

40 40

30 30

1986 1986 1988 1988 1990 1990 1992 1992 1994 1994 1996 1996 1998 1998

1984 1984

RRatio of tonatio of tonnenes s of municipal waste of municipal waste perpermillion ecu million ecu household expenditurehousehold expenditure PortugalPortugal

SpainSpain

GreeceGreece

LuxembourgLuxembourg

GermanyGermany

FranceFrance

SwedenSweden

IcelandIceland

The NetherlandsThe Netherlands

DenmarkDenmark

Few countries have succeeded in reducing the amount of waste they generate

Waste disposal as such is an old issue. Now, it is important to look at the eco-efficiency of producing, using, and recovering resources across their full life cycle.

How do we decouple the increase in quality of life from growth in waste generation

How do we make smarter use of materials and energy by using them more efficiently and reducing the environmental impacts

NEW PARADIGM

Legislation in place today deals with problems perceived yesterday

There is still unfinished business to deal with.

BUT !!!

Packaging

WEEE

ELV

Batteries

PRODUCTSPECIFIC

TREATMENT SPECIFIC

Dir. Landfill

Dir. Incineration

IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGE

Progressive product bans from 2003

Progressive biowaste reduction from 2008-11-16

LANDFILL 99/31/EC

New plants 28/12/02 Existing plants 28/12/05

INCINERATION 2000/76/EC

12 Member States – Packaging Waste PER MATERIAL - YEAR 2000

Material type K/tonnes on the market

% Recycled New Targets

Glass 14,290 57.2 60

Paper 25,125 64.6 60

Metals 4,445 52.4 50

Plastics 9,522 22.6 22.5

Wood* 8,949 35.7 15

Total 62,332 51.4 55

No figures for DK – LU – FIN - SW

CHASING TARGETS

100,000 tonnes

1998 2000 2008

56,90860,911

79,842

Tonnes on the market

F = 42.2SP = 38.9

I = 38.4UK = 36.7

+51%

60,0% PossibleRecyclingtargets

49.0%52,0%

Recycledtonnes

55,0%

+39%EU average:

By 2006 recovery of ELVs must be a minimum of 85 % by weight, 80 % through re-use and recycling.

By 2015 this increases to 95 % with a minimum of 85 % by re-use and recycling.

Over the next decade perhaps 1,500 new dismantling plants for ELVs will be built in Western Europe.

Dismantling will move from a spare-parts to a raw-materials business.

END-OF-LIFE VEHICLE DIRECTIVE

August 2004 : Deadline for Member States to implement directives into domestic law

August 2005 : Collection systems must be operational, treatment and financing systems in place and obligations enter into force

December 2006 : First collection and treatment targets to be attained

WASTE ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

« DEJA VU ALL OVER AGAIN ! »

 

 

BATTERIES – PROPOSED NEW DIRECTIVE

- Automotive + Industrial : landfill/incineration ban- Portables : collection targets & collection schemes- Min 80% threshold for Nicad

Proposed measures

- Minimum efficiencies: lead acid : 65% of weightOthers : 55%Nicad : 75% + all cadmium

Recycling targets

- Visible fee for first 4 yearsFinancing

Timing - Time limit : 4 years

For all the merits of producer responsibility, the Commission considers that there are limits to its application.

Not all waste streams are appropriate to be addressed in this way.

Addressing smaller waste streams may involve significant resources for a relatively limited environmental benefit.

This Thematic Strategy should make an important contribution to clarifying the applicability of producer responsibility in different circumstances.

PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY

1. Learn by doing

2. Test alternatives

3. Progress by phases

4. Monitor & Adjust

USE TIME WISELY

COMPLIANCE SCHEME COSTS

290,54

314,76

65,1754,74

13,0125,34

82,17

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

A D B L P E F

Green Dot Tariffs inEUR*

Fees in 2000 Excl. VAT

*Model based on 1000 units each of glass, plastic, metal, cardboard and composite packaging

YOUR DON’T MANAGE….

Develop & agree your own data

Look forwards not backwards

Seek out trends

Build your own model

Be flexible & pragmatic

Be cost conscious

Encourage competition

Avoid rigid hierarchies

Resist a « one size fits all » approach

IT IS YOUR MONEY

METHODOLOGY NOT IDEOLOGY

Reuse v Recycling Germany

Cans v bottles Denmark

Good v Bad Germany

Seek out & develop sustainable recycling targets

Encourage & support entrepreneurs in recovery operations

Materials recycling, organic recovery and energy-from-waste all contribute to reduce the environmental impact of waste

Stimulate demand, develop options across the EU

DONT FORGET THE DEMAND SIDE

COMMUNICATE EARLY & OFTEN

Involve Stakeholders early

Sell the benefits of change

Explain the approach & methodology

Clarify their role

Use good science in support

Test for understanding & acceptance

Move from prescriptive to strategic approach

Simplification, alignment, integration of policy

Harmonized programmes for environmental impact reduction

Increased use of sound science + economic analysis

Stronger focus on implementation

Major concern – « SUSTAINABILITY »

SUMMARY - KEY TRENDS

Please visit our websitewww.assurre.org

Rue du Luxembourg 19-21B-1000 Brussels

Tel.: 32 (0)2 772 52 52, Fax: 32 (0)2 772 54 19management@assurre.org www.assurre.org