From Alpha to Omega - A Beginning Course in Classical Greek

8/20/2019 From Alpha to Omega - A Beginning Course in Classical Greek

1/541

"#$% &'()* +$ ,%-.*& /-.01101. 2$3#4- 01 2'*4405*' 6#--7

"$3#+) 890+0$1

&11- :; 6#$+$1


2/541


3/541

!"#$ &'()* +# ,$-.*& /-.01101. 2#3"4- 01 2'*4405*' 6"--7

!#3"+) 890+0#1


4/541


5/541

!"#$ &'()* +# ,$-.*& /-.01101. 2#3"4- 01 2'*4405*' 6"--7

!#3"+) 890+0#1

&11- :; 6"#+#1


6/541

!"#$ &'()* +# ,$-.*

& /-.01101. 2#3"4- 01 2'*4405*' 6"--7 !#3"+) 890+0#1

! #$%& '(() *+ ,-./.(

0.123 42567387(9:;+ 42667(3 ?(@

4A B.C &DEF)G52-@>.-/H I' $%EJ$GGG+>2667(3+1.=

KLBFM ENOP%PJOJ%$PQN&PQ

'63. ?R?76?56) 7( >?>)-5?1S TKLBF ENOP%PJOJ%$P&E%P%U+ V. 3)) ?66 ?R?76?56) )B..S

R)-37.(3H R737/ GGG+>2667(3+1.=+ L.=) 1.(/)(/ /8?/ ?>>)?-3 7( /8) >-7(/ )W7/7.( =?@ (./ 5) ?R?76?56) 7( ./8)- X.-=?/3+

'66 -798/3 ?-) -)3)-R)W+ F. >?-/ .X /873 >25671?/7.( =?@ 5) -)>-.W21)WH 3/.-)W 7( ?-)/-7)R?6 3@3/)=H .- /-?(3=7//)W 7( ?(@ X.-= .- 5@ ?(@ =)?(3H )6)1/-.(71H =)18?(71?6H 5@

>8./.1.>@7(9H -)1.-W7(9H .- 5@ ?(@ ./8)- =)?(3H G7/8.2/ /8) >-7.- G-7//)(/ >)-=7337.(.X /8) >256738)-+ KX @.2 8?R) -)1)7R)W /873 =?/)-7?6 ?3 ?( )C?=7(?/7.( 1.>@ X-)) .X 18?-9)H0.123 42567387(9:;+ 42667(3 ?(@ -)/?7(3 /8) /7/6) /. /8) 7(X.-=?/7.( ?(W 7/ =?@ (./

5) -)3.6W+ ;)3?6) .X ?(@ )C?=7(?/7.( 1.>7)3 .X 0.123 42567387(9:;+ 42667(3 ?(@=?/)-7?63 73 3/-71/6@ >-.8757/)W+

V8) Y75-?-@ .X -7(/)W )W7/7.( ?3 X.66.G3M

,-./.(H '(() *+ T'(() *?-=?-U 0-.= ?6>8? /. .=)9? M ? 5)97((7(9 1.2-3) 7( 16?3371?6 ,-))S : '(() *+ ,-./.(+ PP

0.2-/8 )W7/7.(+ >?9)3+ 1=+

K(162W)3 7(W)C+ KLBF ENOP%PJOJ%$P&E%P% %+ ,-))S 6?(92?9)PP,-?==?-+ #+ ,-))S 6?(92?9)PPV)C/5..S3+ K+ V7/6)+

4'#JO+,NE #$%& QOO+#ZQ#%PPW1#&

#$%&$%#QED

Y?3/ 2>W?/)W '>-76 #$%&

http://www.pullins.com/http://www.pullins.com/http://www.pullins.com/http://www.pullins.com/


7/541

!

"#$%& () *(+,&+,- ./&)#0& 12

"#$$%& ' 3+,/(450,1(+6 "7& 8/&&9 :%;7#$&, <

"#$$%& ( 3+,/(450,1(+6 "7& 8/&&9 :00&+,- =

"#$$%& ) ./&-&+, :0,1!& 3>;&/#,1!&


8/541

!1

"#$$%& (* @1/-, #+4 F&0(+4 :(/1-, :0,1!& .#/,101;%&-C .&/)&0, :0,1!& .#/,101;%& ;#/#,1!& #+4 F5;&/%#,1!& A&P/&&-H

8&+1,1!& () *(>;#/1-(+H .#/,1,1!& 8&+1,1!& D&/#%- D?L

"#$$%& )+ F5$I5+0,1!& G((46 ./&-&+,C :(/1-,C .&/)&0, "&+-&-H F5$I5+0,1!& UV(/,#,(/WC ./(71$1,1!&C A&%1$&/#,1!&X DK?

"#$$%& ), Y;,#,1!& G((46 ./&-&+,C @5,5/&C :(/1-,C .&/)&0, "&+-&-H

UZ1-7&-C .(,&+,1#%1,WX DL?

"#$$%& )- *(+41,1(+- DR?

"#$$%& ). *(+41,1(+#% T&%#,1!& *%#5-&-H T&%#,1!& :4!&/$- DE<

"#$$%& )/ .5/;(-& *%#5-&- DE=

"#$$%& *0

"#$$%& *'

"#$$%& *( 3+41/&0, A1-0(5/-& U[1,7 ;#/,101;%&XH */#-1- ?Q?

"#$$%& *)

"#$$%& ** "#$$%& *+

"#$$%& *,

"#$$%& *-

"#$$%& *.

"#$$%& */

"#$$%& +0 :,,/#0,1(+ () T&%#,1!& ./(+(5+ ?E<

8/#>>#,10#% :;;&+412B(5+- ?M


9/541

!11

./(+(5+- ?ML :4I&0,1!&- ?M= B5>&/#%- ?=K :4!&/$- ?=R

Z(/4 N1-,- KK<

3+4&2 L


10/541

Pherae

Thermopylae

Delphi

MarathonAthens

Corinth

Argos

Sparta

Pylos

Halicarnassus

Miletus

I O N I A

PELOPONNESE

ATTICA

SALAMIS

AEGINA

LE SBOS

SAMOS

H e l l e s p

o n t

S t r y

m o n R

.

A EG EAN

S EA


11/541

12

./&)#0&Z7&+ 3 -&, (5, ,( [/1,& !"#$ &'()* +# ,$-.* 45/1+P >W -#$$#,10#% 1+ 1%1#/ (+&-] "7& /)+P- P1!& -,54&+,- &2;&/1&+0& 1+ ,/#+-%#,1+P [7(%&;#/#P/#;7- () >(/& (/ %&-- `/%a 8/&&9C 1+ [7107 +&[ !(0#$5%#/W #+4 -W+,#2 #/&>12&4 [1,7 (%4] 3 4/&[ ,7& /)+P- )(/ N&--(+- L\DL )/(> :&-(;b- >(-, #>5-1+P#+4 05/1(5- )#$%&-] @(/ N&--(+- DR\LQ 3 07(-& [7#, 3 ,7(5P7, [&/& 1+,&/&-,1+P #-[&%% #- 1+-,/50,1!& ;#--#P&-C 5-5#%%W -;/ (!&/ ,[( (/ >(/& %&--(+-C )/(> ,7& B&["&-,#>&+,C A&>(-,7&+&-C c&+(;7(+C "750W414&-C NW-1#-C ://1#+C :/1-,(,%&C #+4.%#,(] :%,7(5P7 3 [#- [#/W () (!&/[7&%>1+P ,7& -,54&+,- [1,7 ,(( >#+W P%(--&-#+4 &2;%#+#,(/W +(,&-C 3 414 ,/W 1+ /)+P ,( /&,#1+ #- >507 #- 3 0(5%4 () ,7&(/1P1+#% 8/&&9]

:, ,7& $#09 () ,7& ,&2,$((9 #/& 07#;,&/\$W\07#;,&/ [(/4 %1-,-C )(%%([&4 $W 8/&&9\ (,7&/ [(/4- )(5+4 1+ ,7& /)+P-C #%(+P [1,7 ,7& +5>$&/U-X () ,7& %&--(+U-X 1+ [7107,7&W #;;/] "7& $((9 0(+0%54&- [1,7 #+ #;;&+412 () ;#/#41P>- U1+0%541+P ,7& 45#%)(/>- +(, &2;%101,%W ,#5P7, 1+ ,7& ,&2,$((9X #+4 #+ 1+4&2] 3, 7#- $&&+ # 7#;;W -5/;/1-&,( >& ,( 41-0(!&/ ,7#, ,7& $((9b- )(/>#, -51,- (,7&/ #0#4&>10 -07&45%&- #- [&%% #- F,] -&>&-,&/- $W # 0%#-- ,7#, >&&,- )(5/ ,1>&- ;&/ [&&9C 1+ ,[( ,&+\[&&9 ,/1>&-,&/- $W Z7&+ ;/&--&4 )(/ ,1>&C -(>& ,&/- 7#!& ;/&)&//&4 ,( #--1P+ (+%W ,7& -&+,&+0&-C+(, ,7& /)+PC 1+ %&--(+H (,7&/- 7#!& 0(+,1+5&4 ,( #--1P+ #%% ,7& /)+P- $5,

(+%W 7#%) (/ -( () ,7& -&+,&+0&-] F,54&+,- #/& )/&& ,( 5-& ,7& -91;;&4 &2&/01-&- )(/#441,1(+#% ;/#0,10& (/ )(/ /&!1&[ $&)(/& # O51_ (/ &2#>1+#,1(+]


12/541

2

!"#$ &'()* +# ,$-.* [(5%4 +&!&/ 7#!& -&&+ ,7& %1P7, () 4#W [1,7(5, ,7& [1-&0(5+-&% #+4 -5;;(/, () >W F,] Y%#) 0(%%P5&-C ;#/,105%#/%W ./()&--(/ d#>&- G#WC #+4[1,7(5, ,7& ,#%&+,- () ,7& ($%1P1+P -,#)) #, @(05- .5$%1-71+P] 3 #> #%-( P/#,&)5% ,( >W0(%%P5&- #, (,7&/ -07((%- [7( [&/& 4#/1+P &+(5P7 ,( ,&-, # $/#+4\+&[ ,&2,$((9

#+4 [1,7 ,7&1/ P%& &W&- -;(,,&4 -0(/&- () ,W;(- #+4 (,7&/ &//(/- ,7#, 3 7#4 >1--&4] UF914>(/& *(%%&P&XC #+4 T107#/4 Z&!&/- U*#%!1+ *(%%&P&X] @1+#%%WC 3 [1-7 ,( ,7#+9#%% ,7& 4&410#,&4 -,54&+,- [7( -,/5PP%&4 07&&/)5%%W #+4 ;#,1&+,%W ,7/(5P7 (+& () ,7& (+%W )(/ ,7&> $5,C ,( # %#/P& &2,&+,C $W ,7&>]

@/(> /%W 071%47((4C ,7&1/ [7(%& %1!&- ,7/(5P7C;&(;%& , #+4 #4>(+1-7 ,7&>] e .%#,(b- /"#+*.#"*0 ?DL0

/"-1*2- +# +)- !#3"+) 456+6#7

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


13/541

<

N&--(+ <3+,/(450,1(+

"7& 8/&&9 :%;7#$&,

e(+& () .W,7#P(/#-b -#W1+P-C O5(,&4 $W 3#>$%1075- 1+ /8+)*.#"*0 # !&/W (%4C +([ &2,1+0, %#+P5#P& -;(9&+

,1>&-] Y,7&/ ;/(>1+&+, >&>$&/- () ,7& )#>1%W #/& ,7& 3,#%10 U1+0%541+P ^#%,10C F%#!10 U1+0%541+P T5--1#+XC :/>&+1#+C 3/#+1#+C #+4 3+410 %#+P5#P&-]

"7& 8/&&9 %#+P5#P& 7#- $&&+ 1+ 0(+,1+5(5- 5-& )(/ >(/& ,7#+ ,7/&&,7(5-#+4 W/-H 1,- !(0#$5%#/WC P/#>>#/C #+4 ;/(+5+01#,1(+ 7#!& $&&+&!(%!1+P P/#45#%%W (!&/ ,7& 0&+,5/1&-] "7&/& 1- # P/, 4% () 41))&/&+0&

G(/&(!&/C P&(P/#;710#% /&P1(+ () 8/&&0& 7#4 1,- ([+ 41#%&0,] F(>&#5,7(/- [/(,& 1+ ,7&1/ +#,1!& 41#%&0,H (,7&/-C [(/91+P [1,71+ #+ &-,#$%1-7&4%1,&/#/W P&+/&C [/(,& 1+ ,7& 41#%&0,U-X ,7#, ,/#41,1(+ 4&>#+4&4]

"7& #+01&+, 8/&&9 ,#5P7, 1+ ,71- $((9 1- *%#--10#% 1+ 4#,&] 3, 1- ,7& -(/,() 8/&&9 ,7#, [(5%4 7#!& $&&+ 5-&4 $W &450#,&4 ;&(;%& 45/1+P 8/&&0&b- 1 "7&-& [&/& P%(/W4#W- )(/ :,7&+-C #/,1-,10#%%W #+4 1+,&%%&0,5#%%W #- [&%% #- >1%1,#/1%W] G507() ,7& %1,&/#,5/& -5/!1!1+P )/(> ,7& *%#--10#% ;&/1(4 1- [/1,,&+ 1+ :,,10C ,7&41#%&0, () ,7& :,7&+1#+-1 U:,,10# 1- ,7& +#>& () ,7& 41-,/10, ,7#, 1+0%54&-:,7&+-]X "7& ;71%(-(;7&/ .%#,(C ,7& (/#,(/- NW-1#- #+4 A&>(-,7&+&-C ,7&71-,(/1#+- "750W414&- #+4 c&+(;7(+C ,7& 0(>10 ;%#W[/1P7, :/1-,(;7#+&-e ,( +#>& I5-, # )&[ () :,7&+-b >(-, )#>(5- #5,7(/-e#%% [/(,& 1+ :,,10]

#+01&+, 8/&&9b- (,7&/ %1,&/#/W 41#%&0,-]

2345#67 8$#9 3& :%; 4$

V(>&/b- 9'6*5 #+4 ,5800-8 3(+10 V&/(4(,5-b :60+#"6-0

A(/10 07(/#% -(+P- 1+ :,,10 ,/#P&41&-:&(%10 ;(&>- $W F#;;7(


14/541

@/(> :%;7# ,( Y>&P#D f

g+([%&4P& () *%#--10#% 8/&&9 #%-( &O51;- W(5 ,( / 8/&&9 () ,7&V&%%&+1-,10 #P&C ,7& ;&/1(4 )(%%([1+P ,7& *%#--10#% #P&] "7& %(0#% 41#%&0,-P/#45#%%W 41&4 (5, #+4 [&/& /&;%#0&4 $W g(1+& U,7& +#>& >+-`0(>>(+aXC # 41#%&0, 4&/1!&4 1+ %#/P& ;#/, )/(> :,,10 #+4 5-&4 )/(> ,7&

[(/%4] "7& B&[ "&-,#>&+, () ,7& ^1$%& 1- [/1,,&+ 1+ # %1,&/#/W )(/> ()g(1+&]

#4(;,&4 ,7& >(/& ;/&01-& #%;7#$&, 5-&4 $W -;&/- () ,7& 3(+10 41#%&0,C #0%(-& /&%#,1!& () :,,10] "71- 3(+10 #%;7#$&, $&0#>& -,#+4#/4 )(/ 8/&&9H 1+%#,&/ 0&+,5/1&- ,7& *(;,10C 8(,710C :/>&+1#+C #+4 *W/1%%10 #%;7#$&,- [&/&4&/1!&4 )/(> 1,] "7& N#,1+ #%;7#$&,C $W ,7& [#WC P(&- $#09 ,( ,7& 8/&&9

)/(> [7(> ,7& T(>#+- #0O51/&4 1,]Y) ,7& 8/&&9 #%;7#$&,b- ,[&+,W\)(5/ %&,,&/-C )/(> %&,,&/- 1+ ,7& .7(&+101#+ #%;7#$&, #+4 ,75- 7#!& F&>1,10 +#>&-H ,7& %&,,&/- &21-,&4 1+ #+,1O51,W 4&!1-&4 05/-1!& )(/>- ,7#, 0(5%4 $& [/1,,&+ O5109%WH ,7&-& &!(%!&4 1+,( ,7&->#%% %&,,&/- +([ 1+ 5-&]

"7& ;/(+5+01#,1(+- -5PP&-,&4 $&%([ #/& ,7(-& ,7(5P7, $W -07(%#/- ,( 7#!& $&&+ 5-&4 45/1+P ,7& *%#--10#% #P&] :%,&/+#,1!& ;/(+5+01#,1(+- #/& &+0%(-&41+ -O5#/& $/#09&,-]

?]


15/541

N&--(+ < f ?

?># @5A>4B#7 %C D54$$3645 E;###H=3I45#&7

J4K# %C 5#77#; L;%&%=&6#9 53# 3745363M#9 5#77#;N$O3& 7># F&G53$> :%;9

: # #%;7# * 7

^ $ $&,# ; &,,&/

8 P P#>>#

. 7 h(/ . #>$%&H $&)(/& 7i

A 4 4&%,# 5 &%&,&

&;-1%(+ - ,07

j _ _&,# [105 (> h(/

P#5)#+4 h(/ 2 #+4W(/ 8&/>#+ 2)i

.- ;- ;-1 ,1 (0 W

(>&P# *? h(/ #)i

:),&/ &;-1%(+ 5-&4 ,( 0(>& 41P#>># ? XC 5+,1% 1, )&%% (5, () 5-&]

F1P># \

\ H 1, 7#- ,7& -#>& -7#;& /&P#/4%&-- ()


16/541

@/(> :%;7# ,( Y>&P#K f

P%:#5$1 -(>&,1>&- %(+P] `F7(/,a #+4 `%(+Pa /&)&/ ,( ,7& !([&%b- O5#+,1,WC 1]&]C ,7&45/#,1(+ () 1,- -(5+4] 3+ ,7& *%#--10#% #P& %(+P !([&%- [&/& 7&%4 (5, #$(5,

,7& (,7&/ 7#+4C [&/& +(, (+%W %(+P&/ $5, #%-( >(/& (;&+ 1+ ;/(+5+01#,1(+

: 41;7,7(+P 1- ,[( !([&%- 0(>$1+&4 1+ ;/(+5+01#,1(+H ,7& -(5+4 () ,7& !([&%- ,(P&,7&/ )(/> (+& %(+P -W%%#$%&]

`;/(;&/ 41;7,7(+P-a $&0#5-&C 1+ () ,7&>C $(,7 !([&%- 0(+,1+5--&4 ,(

$& ;/(+(5+0&4] "7& %#-, ,7/&& 1+ ,7& %1-, #/& 0#%%&4 `1>;/(;&/ 41;7,7(+P-a $&0#5-& ,7& -&0(+4 %&,,&/ U1(,#X 1+ () ,7&> &!&+,5#%%W $&0#>& -1%&+,] 3+,7& *%#--10#% #P&C 7([&!&/C ,7& 1(,# [#- -,1%% ;/(+(5+0&4]

23A>7>%&G$

L;%A#; ./(+(5+0&4 %19& ,7& 1,#%101_&4 %&,,&/U-X 1+ ,7&

*6 -%& #3 07 -6.), - ,07 P%141+P 1+,( @/&+07 3 h(/ 8#3 i

- //(/ P%141+P 1+,( @/&+07 3 h(/ 7-8 8#3 i #6 %W ## _&

@/&+07 3 P%141+P 1+,( -- h(/ ?-- i

QKA;%A#; ./(+(5+0&4 %19& ,7& 1,#%101_&4 %&,,&/U-X 1+ ,7&

*) P%141+P 1+,( -- - //(/ P%141+P 1+,( -- *? P%141+P 1+,( --

3+ #+ 1>;/(;&/ 41;7,7(+P ,7& 1(,# >#W $& [/1,,&+ &1,7&/ +&2, ,( ,7& (,7&/

!([&% (/ $&+,7 1,] Z7&+ 1, 1- [/1,,&+ +&2, ,( 1,C ,7& 1(,# 1- 0#%%&4 #+ 1(,##4-0/1;,H [7&+ 1, 1- [/1,,&+ $&+,7 1,C 1, 1- 0#%%&4 #+ 1(,# -5$-0/1;,] "7&#+01&+, 8/&&9- #%[#W- [/(,& ,7& 1(,# #- #+ #4-0/1;,H ,7& -5$-0/1;, 414 +(,0(>& 1+,( 5-& 5+,1% ,7& &%&!&+,7 (/ ,[&%),7 0&+,5/W] "(4#W ,7& 1(,# 1- -,1%% %([&/\0#-& %&,,&/-C ,7& ;/#0,10& !#/1&-C $5, # -5$-0/1;, 1- )#/ >(/& 0(>>(+]"71- ,&2,$((9 ;/1+,- ,7& 1(,# #- # -5$-0/1;, 5+%&-- ,7& 1(,# 1- 0(>$1+&4 [1,7# 0#;1,#%1_&4 !([&%]

A5/1+P ,7& *%#--10#% ;&/1(4 ,7& %&,,&/- (>10/(+C (>&P#C &;-1%(+C #+45;-1%(+

7#!& U>+1+P `->#%% (Ca `$1P (Ca `;%#1+ &Ca #+4 `;%#1+ 5aX [&/& 0/,&4)(/ 0%#/1,Wb- -#9& $W P/#>>#/1#+- 1+ ,7& ^W_#+,1+& #P&] ^W ,7&+ ,7&

K]

L]


17/541

N&--(+ < f L

R;#47>3&G$1 G#+W 8/&&9 [(/4- $&P1+ [1,7 #+ )\-(5+4 )(%%([&4 $W # !([&%H,71- )\-(5+4 U0#%%&4 `#-;1/#,1(+aX 1- 1+410#,&4 +(, $W # %&,,&/ $5, $W # >#/9 C [(/4 4(&- +(, $&P1+ [1,7 #+ )\-(5+4C # ->((,7 $/,71+P [7&,7&/ 1, 1- #-;1/#,&4 U/(5P7X (/ 5+#-;1/#,&4 U->((,7X]

3) # [(/4 $&P1+- [1,7 # ;/(;&/ 41;7,7(+PC ,7& $/,71+P P(&- #$(!& ,7&-&0(+4 !([&%

Z7&+ ,7& 0(+-(+#+, /7( (005/- #, ,7& $&P1++1+P () # [(/4C 1, ,(( 7#- #

3) ,7& 1+1,1#% !([&% (/ /7( 1- 0#;1,#%1_&4C ,7& $/,71+P -7(5%4 $& [/1,,&+ ,( 0#-& () # 0#;1,#%1_&4 ;/(;&/ 41;7,7(+PC ,7& $/,71+P >#/9 /&>#1+- 1+ 1,-

"7&/& #/& +( [(/4- 1+ *%#--10#% 8/&&9 ,7#, $&P1+ [1,7 5;-1%(+ #+4 ->((,7

$/,71+PC -( # [(/4 [1,7 #+ 1+1,1#% 5;-1%(+ [1%% #%[#W- 7#!& /(5P7 $/,71+P

D%&$%&4&7$1 Y) 8/&&9b- -&!&+,&&+ 0(+-(+#+,-C +1+& #/& -,(;- U#%-( 0#%%&4 ;#%#,#%- 1+ #+W 0(+-(+#+, (+%W &20&;,1(+- ,( ,71- /5%&]

L;%&=&63473%&1

$W # 41))&/&+, %1O514 (/ +#-#% (/ $W # -,(;C ,7&W #/& ;/(+(5+0&4 -&;#/#,&%W 0(+-(+#+,C ,7& ;/(+5+01#,1(+ 1- #>$1P5(5-C -( ,7& ,[( >#W $& /&P#/4&4&1,7&/ #- $&1+P ;/(+(5+0&4 ,(P&,7&/ (/ #- $&1+P ;/(+(5+0&4 -&;#/#,&%W]

: 8/&&9 [(/4 7#- #- >#+W -W%%#$%&- #- 1, 7#- !([&%- #+4 41;7,7(+P- U&]P]C !([&% (/ 41;7,7(+P $W # -1+P%& 0(+-(+#+, (/ $W ,[( (/ >(/& 0(+-(+#+,-;/(+(5+0&4 ,(P&,7&/C ,7& $/ $&,[&&+ ,7& -W%%#$%&- 0(>&- 1>>&41#,&%W

R]

E]

M]


18/541

@/(> :%;7# ,( Y>&P#R f

/&P#/4&4 #- ;#/, () ,7& 0(+-(+#+, 0%5-,&/iX] 3) ,7& ,[( 0(+-(+#+,- )(%%([1+P,7& !([&% (/ 41;7,7(+P #/& -&;#/#,&%W ;/(+(5+0&4C ,7& -W%%#$10 $/ \ \ \

1- 1>;(--1$%& ,( -7([ ,7& $/ 1+ # 4(5$%& 0(+-(+#+,C I5-, ;5, # 7W;7&+

L=&67=473%&1 8/&&9- 1+ ,7& *%#--10#% #P& 5-&4 %1,,%&C 1) #+WC -;#01+P (/;5+0,5#,1(+] N#,&/C )(5/ ;5+0,5#,1(+ >#/9- [&/& 4&!1-&46 ,7& 0(>># UCX >#/9- ,( 1+410#,& &20%#>#,1(+- (/ O5(,#,1(+-H -(>& ;5$%1-7&/- () #+01&+,8/&&9 ,&2,- +([ 5-& >(4&/+ O5(,#,1(+ #+4 &20%#>#,1(+ >#/9- )(/ ,7&1//&/-b 0(+!&+1&+0&]

3, 1- 05-,(>#/W ,( 0#;1,#%1_& $&P1++1+P # O5(,#,1(+C #+4 () # [(/4 $&P1++1+P # %(+P -&0,1(+ U&]P]C #;#/#P/#;7 (/ # 07#;,&/XC $5, +(, () # [(/4 $&P1++1+P #+ (/41+#/W -&+,&+0&]

3+ ,71- ,&2,$((9 # K46;%& U`%(+P >#/9aX 1- ;/1+,&4 #$(!& # !([&% 1) ,7&/& [(5%4

#%[#W- -7(/,] G#0/# [&/& +(, 5-&4 $W ,7& #+01&+, 8/&&9- #+4 #/& -&%4(> 5-&4

,(4#W &20&;, 1+ ,&2,$((9- #+4 %&210#]

8/&&9 #00&+,- [1%% $& &2;%#1+&4 1+ ,7& +&2, %&--(+] @(/ +([C -1>;%W -,/&-- ,7&

FS#;63$#$

:] A1!14& 1+,( -W%%#$%&- #+4 ;/(+(5+0& () ,7& )(%%([1+P [(/4-U)#>(5- +#>&- )/(> 8/&&9 71-,(/W #+4 >W,7(%(PWX] "7&+ ,/#+-%1,&/#,& &O51!#%&+, U/&)&/ ,( ,7& ,#$%& :%;7#$&, () *%#--10#% 8/&&9 /%1&/ 1+ ,7&%&--(+X]

T(5P7 $/,71+P 1- ,/#+-%1,&/#,&4 #- )]

g#;;# >#W $& ,/#+-%1,&/#,&4 #- &1,7&/ > (/ 2 C 071 #- &1,7&/ >) (/ 2)]

T7( #, ,7& $&P1++1+P () # [(/4 1- ,/#+-%1,&/#,&4 #- ")C (,7&/[1-& #- " ]

3 1) 1, )(%%([- # !([&% U#+4 ,75- 1- ,7& -&0(+4 %&,,&/ 1+# 41;7,7(+PXC #- 8 1) 1, )(%%([- # 0(+-(+#+,]

A( +(, $& #%#/>&4 1) -(>& () ,7& )#>(5- +#>&- -&&> ,( $& -%1P7,%W >1--;&%%&4

N#,1+C #+4 ,7&1/ N#,1+ -;&%%1+PC +(, ,7&1/ (/1P1+#% 8/&&9 -;&%%1+PC 1- (),&+ ,7& (+&

=]


19/541

N&--(+ < f E

^] T #%(54 ,7& )(%%([1+P %1,,%& -,(/W U:&-(;b- @#$%& # D4K#5 2%:& 7% U3M#

?;4&$5473%&

: 0#>&%C ($-&/!1+P # $5%% P%(/W1+P 1+ 71- 7(/+-C $&0#>& &+!1(5- () 71> j&5-C -7& $&PP&4 71> ,( P/#+, 7&/ -(>& 7(/+-] :+4 j&5-C #++(W&4 #, 7&/-1+0& -7& [#- +(, 0(+,&+, [1,7 ,7& -1_& #+4 -,/&+P,7 () 7&/ $(4W $5, 4&-1/&4P/,&/ 41>&+-1(+-C +(, (+%W 414 +(, P1!& 7&/ 7(/+- $5, &!&+ ,((9 #[#W

# ;(/,1(+ () 7&/ /-] "75- 4( >#+W ;&(;%& h#+4 #+1>#%-kiC &W&1+P (,7&/- I%(5-%W (5, () P/&&4C 5+[1,,1+P%W %(-& [7#, 1- ,7&1/ ([+]

L


20/541


21/541

=

N&--(+ D"7& 8/&&9 :00&+,-

e0(>>&+, $W # [(>#+ 1+ :/1-,(;7#+&-b 422'-06*& ,7& (/1P1+#% ;1,07 #00&+,- [&/& %(-, #+4/&;%#0&4 [1,7 ,7& -,/&-- #00&+, +([ 7/4 1+ G(4&/+ 8/&&9]

8/&&9- () ,7& *%#--10#% ;&/1(4 7#4 +( +&&4 )(/ #00&+, >#/9- $&0#5-& ,7&W9+&[ $W 7/, [7107 -W%%#$%&- 7#4 # 07#+P& 1+ ;1,07] "7& >#/9- #/& -#14,( 7#!& $&&+ 1+!&+,&4 $W :/1-,(;7#+&- () ^W_#+,15> 1+ ,7& ,71/4 0&+,5/W

%#+P5#P&b- ;1,07 #00&+,-]"7& #00&+,- () 8/&&9 [(/4- (00#-1(+#%%W >#9& # 41))&/&+0& 1+ [7#, ,7&[(/4- >+C -( %/+1+P ,7&> 1- 7&%;)5% )(/ 5+4&/-,#+41+P [7#, ,7& ,&2,-#W-C #- [&%% #- )(/ ;/(+(5+01+P ,7& [(/4- #- #005/#,&%W #- ;(--1$%&]

?VA#$ %C @66#&7$1 "7&/& #/& ,7/&& ,W;&- () #00&+, >#/9- U5-5#%%W /&)&//&4 4&+(,&- # P%141+P 5; () ;1,07C ,7& P/#!& #P%141+P 5; )(%%([&4 $W # P%141+P 4([+]

3) # -W%%#$%& 1- ,( $& #00&+,&4C #+ #00&+, 1- ;%#0&4 #$(!& ,7& !([&% (/

41;7,7(+P 1+ ,7#, -W%%#$%&H 1) # $/,71+P #%-( $&%(+P- ,7&/&C 1, 1- [/1,,&+ ,( ,7& $/,71+P-C ,7& #00&+,- #%[#W- P( #$(!& ,7& -&0(+4 !([&% () # ;/(;&/ 41;7,7(+PC ,7& $/,71+P #+4 #00&+, /&>#1+ 1+ ,7&1/ 5-5#% ;%#0&C #$(!& ,7&

"7&/& 1- >507 -07(%#/%W 4&$#,& #$(5, ,7& P/#!& #00&+,] "7& >#/9 ;&/7#;-

-7([-C +(, ,7#, ,7& ;1,07 -7(5%4 P%14& 4([+C $5, -1>;%W ,7#, 1, -7(5%4 +(, P%14&

5; U1]&]C 1, 0(5%4 /&>#1+ -,WX]

L%$373%& %C @66#&7$1 3+ >(-, 8/&&9 [(/4- (+& U#+4 (+%W (+&X -W%%#$%& 1->#/9&4 [1,7 #+ #00&+,C #+4 ,7#, -W%%#$%& 1- #%[#W- (+& () ,7& %#-, ,7/&&


22/541

@/(> :%;7# ,( Y>&P##/9 +&!&/ #;;/- /%1&/ ,7#+ ,7#, 1+ # [(/4] 3+ # [(/4 1- 0#%%&4 ,7& 5%,1># UN#,1+ )(/ `%#-,aXH ,7& +&2,\,(\%#-, -W%%#$%& 1-

0#%%&4 ,7& ;&+5%, U`#%>(-, %#-,aXH ,7& -W%%#$%& $&)(/& ,7& ;&+5%, 1- 0#%%&4,7& #+,&;&+5%, U`$&)(/& ,7& #%>(-, %#-,aX] : [(/4b- 5%,1>#C ;&+5%,C #+4#+,&;&+5%, #/& ,7& (+%W -W%%#$%&- 1+ 1, ,7#, 0#+ &!&/ $& #00&+,&4]

: )&[ [(/4- 1+ 8/&&9 7#!& +( *22-7+@ *75 375-" 2-"+*67 26"23$0+*72-0 * ?#"5

$*8 "-2-6A- * -&0(+4 #00&+,] "71- [1%% #%% $& &2;%#1+&4 1+ %#,&/ %&--(+-]

"7& #05,& #+4 P/#!& #00&+,- #/& )(5+4 #$(!& 41;7,7(+P-C %(+P !([&%-C #+4 U"71- 1- %(P10#% -1+0& ,7& $/1&) -(5+4 () # -7(/, !([&% [(5%4 +(, #%%([&+(5P7 ,1>& )(/ ,7& ;1,07 ,( P%14& $(,7 5; #+4 4([+]X "75-C [7&+&!&/ W(5

"7& #05,& 0#+ #;;/ (+ ,7& #+,&;&+5%, U&]P]C "7& P/#!& #;;/- (+%W (+ ,7& 5%,1># #+4 (+%W 5+4&/ ,7&-& 01/05>-,#+0&-61) # [(/4 ,7#, [(5%4 7#!& 7#4 #+ #05,& (+ 1,- %#-, -W%%#$%& 1- )(%%([&4 41/&0,%W

$W #+(,7&/ [(/4C [1,7 +( 1+,&/!&+1+P ;5+0,5#,1(+ >#/9C ,7& #05,& -[1,07&-

"7& /&P5%#/ -5$-,1,5,1(+ () # P/#!& )(/ #+ #05,& (+ ,7& 5%,1># -5PP&-,- ,7#, #P%141+P 5; 1+ ;1,07 #, ,7& &+4 () # [(/4 7#;;&+&4 (+%W [7&+ # $/ 1+ ,7(5P7,

)(%%([&4H 1) ,7&/& [#- +( $/C ,7& ;1,07 &!14&+,%W P%14&4 4([+ (/ -,#W&4 ,7&

-#>&]

3+ -(>& 8/&&9 [(/4- ,7& ;(-1,1(+ () ,7& #00&+, U1]&]C [7&,7&/ 1, $&%(+P- (+,7& #+,&;&+5%,C ,7& ;&+5%,C (/ ,7& 5%,1>#X 1- 5+;/&410,#$%&H W(5 [1%% -1>;%W7#!& ,( >&>(/1_& [7&/& ,( ;5, ,7& #00&+, 1+ () ,7(-& [(/4-] 3+ >#+W(,7&/ 8/&&9 [(/4-C 7([&!&/C ,7& ;(-1,1(+ () ,7& #00&+, 1- ,(,#%%W ;/&410,#$%&#+4 4(&- +(, +&&4 ,( $& >&>(/1_&4]

T1P7, +([ ,7&/& #/& I5-, ,[( P&+&/#% ;/1+01;%&- )(/ W(5 ,( %/+H $(,7 #--5>&

,7#, W(5 #%/W 9+([ `[7&/& ,7& #00&+, [#+,- ,( $&a 1+ # ;#/,105%#/ [(/4]UV([ ,( 4&,&/>1+& ,7& ;(-1,1(+ () ,7& #00&+, [1%% $& 0(!&/&4 1+ )5,5/& 0#+ /&>#1+ ,7&/&H ,7& -&0(+4 [1%% ,&%% W(5 [7&,7&/ #+ #00&+, (+ ,7& ;&+5%,

/&0(P+1_& [7&,7&/ # -W%%#$%& 1- %(+P $W +#,5/&C %(+P $W ;(-1,1(+C (/ -7(/,6

: -W%%#$%& 1- %(+P $W +#,5/& [7&+ 1, 0(+,#1+- # +#,5/#%%W %(+P !([&% U&]P]C


23/541

N&--(+ D f #W 07((-&,( ;/(+(5+0& ,7& 0(+-(+#+,- -&;#/#,&%W #+4 ,/, ,7& -W%%#$%& #- %(+P $W;(-1,1(+]

?:% E#45 L;3&63A5#$ %C @66#&73&G

& ,7#, ,7& #00&+, [#+,- ,( $& (+ ,7& #+,&;&+5%,]i

8&+&/#% ./1+01;%&6 "7& #05,& 0#+ -,#W (+ ,7& #+,&;&+5%, (+%W 1)

,7& 5%,1># 1- -7(/, U1]&]C 1) 1, 7#- # -7(/, !([&% +(, )(%%([&4 $W #

#05,& >5-, >(!& ,( ,7& ;&+5%,C 1]&]C (+& -W%%#$%& ,( ,7& /1P7,

D] h:--5>& ,7#, ,7& #00&+, [#+,- ,( $& (+ ,7& ;&+5%,]i

8&+&/#% ./1+01;%&6 3) ,7& ;&+5%, 1- +#,5/#%%W %(+P #+4 ,7& 5%,1>#

;&+5%, 1- 7#+ +#,5/#%%W %(+PC (/ ,7& 5%,1># 4(&- 7#+ 7#!& # -7(/,

FS#;63$#$

:] "7& )(%%([1+P #/& #%% P&+51+& 8/&&9 [(/4- ,/#+-%1,&/#,&4 1+,( #00&+,-] U3) W(5 +&&4 # /&>1+4&/ #$(5, 7([ ,( ,/#+-%1,&/#,&C -&& m? #+4m


24/541

@/(> :%;7# ,( Y>&P#


25/541


26/541

@/(> :%;7# ,( Y>&P#&a 4&-0/1$&- ,7& -#>& -1,5#,1(+ #-`3 , ,7& 071%4/&+]a 3+ $(,7 -&+,&+0&- 1, 1- ,7& 071%4/&+ [7(&2;&/1&+0& ,7& ,G+PC $5, ,7& 14 1- &2;/&--&4 1+ ,[( 41))&/&+, ,7&+ [1,7 `071%4/&+a #- ,7& ,7& -5$I&0, () # ;#--1!& !&/$]

W%%91 : 8/&&9 !&/$ 7#- (+& () )(5/ ;(--1$%& >((4-6 1+410#,1!&C1>;&/#,1!&C -5$I5+0,1!&C (/ (;,#,1!&]

#0,1(+ 1-6

3+410#,1!& >((4 -51,- -,#,&>&+,- () )#0, (/ 41-05--1(+- () /%1,W#+4 #0,5#% (005//&+0&- U&]P]C # -,#,&>&+,e`W(5 #/& 7&/&aH #O5&-,1(+e`#/& W(5 7&/&naX]

3>;&/#,1!& >((4 1- #;;/(;/1#,& )(/ 0(>>#+4-C 1]&]C /&O5&-,- ,(07#+P& /%1,W U&]P]C `$& 7&/&kaX]

F5$I5+0,1!& #+4 (;,#,1!& >((4- #/& #--(01#,&4 [1,7 # !#/1&,W() #0,1(+- ,7#, #/& #%% (+%W 0(+,&>;%#,&4 (/ 1>#P1+&4 U&]P]C #[1-7e`[(5%4 ,7#, W(5 [&/& 7&/&kaH )/ (/ 4(5$,e`W(5 >#W $&7&/&aH # ;(--1$1%1,We`W(5 >1P7, $& 7&/&aX]

?#&$#1 Z7&+ 1, 0(>&- ,( 8/&&9C ,7& +(,1(+ () `,&+-&a 0#+ $&

;/($%&>#,10C $5, $&0#5-& ,7& ,&/> 1- ,/#41,1(+#% #+4 -,1%% 0(>>(+%W


27/541

N&--(+ ? f $&/ () ;(--1$%& ,&+-&- 1+ 8/&&9 4&;&+4- (+ ,7& >((4 (),7& !&/$6

: 8/&&9 !&/$ 1+ ,7& 1>;&/#,1!&C -5$I5+0,1!&C (/ (;,#,1!& >((4 7#-(+& () ,7/&& ;(--1$%& ,&+-&-6 ;/&-&+,C #(/1-,C (/ ;&/)&0,]

: 8/&&9 !&/$ 1+ ,7& 1+410#,1!& >((4 7#- (+& () -&!&+ ;(--1$%&,&+-&-6 ;/&-&+,C 1>;&/)&0,C )5,5/&C #(/1-,C ;&/)&0,C ;%5;&/)&0,C (/)5,5/& ;&/)&0,]

"7&/& 1- # %(P10#% &2;%#+#,1(+ )(/ ,7& 71P7&/ +5>$&/ () ,&+-&- 1+,7& 1+410#,1!&6 ,7& 1>;&/#,1!&C -5$I5+0,1!&C #+4 (;,#,1!& >((4-

5-& ,&+-& ,( -7([ #-;&0,C [71%& ,7& 1+410#,1!& >((4 5-&- ,&+-& ,(-7([ +(, (+%W #-;&0, $5, #%-( ,1>&]

@$A#671 :-;&0, 1- ,7& ,W;& (/ O5#%1,W () ,7& #0,1(+C #- ;&/0&1!&4 $W ,7&-;&/] : 8/&&9 !&/$ 7#- (+& () ,7/&& ;(--1$%& #-;&0,-6 1>;&/)&0,1!&C#(/1-,10C (/ ;&/)&0,1!&]

3>;&/)&0,1!& #-;&0,6 ,7& -;&/ ;&/0&1!&- ,7& #0,1(+ #- # ;/(0&--0(+,1+51+P (/ /&;,&4 (!&/ ,1>&]

:(/1-,10 #-;&0,6 ,7& -;&/ ;&/0&1!&- ,7& #0,1(+ #- # (+&\,1>&(005//&+0&C +&1,7&/ 0(+,1+51+P +(/ 0(>;%&,&4]

.&/)&0,1!& #-;&0,6 ,7& -;&/ ;&/0&1!&- ,7& #0,1(+ #- 0(>;%&,&4

#+4 7#!1+P #+ &+45/1+P /&-5%,]

3+ ,7& 1>;&/#,1!&C -5$I5+0,1!&C #+4 (;,#,1!& >((4- ,&+-&>#,07&- (+& () ,7& ,7/&& #-;&0,-6

;/&-&+, ,&+-&6 1>;&/)&0,1!& #-;&0,#(/1-, ,&+-&6 #(/1-,10 #-;&0,;&/)&0, ,&+-&6 ;&/)&0,1!& #-;&0,

?3K#1 : 8/&&9 !&/$ 1+ ,7& 1+410#,1!& >((4 7#- (+& () ,7/&& ;(--1$%&,1>&-6 ;/&-&+,C ;#-,C (/ )5,5/&] U: !&/$ 1+ ,7& 1>;&/#,1!&C -5$I5+0,1!&C(/ (;,#,1!& >((4 +&!&/ 4&+(,&- ,1>&H ,7& (+& &20&;,1(+C ,7& )5,5/&

(;,#,1!&C 1- 41-05--&4 1+ N&--(+ KQ]X"7& 1+410#,1!& >((4 0(>$1+&- ,1>& #+4 #-;&0, 1+ ,7& )(%%([1+P[#W-6

;/&-&+, ,&+-&6 ;/&-&+, ,1>&C 1>;&/)&0,1!& (/ #(/1-,10 #-;&0,1>;&/)&0, ,&+-&6 ;#-, ,1>&C 1>;&/)&0,1!& #-;&0,)5,5/& ,&+-&6 )5,5/& ,1>&C 1>;&/)&0,1!& (/ #(/1-,10 #-;&0,#(/1-, ,&+-&6 ;#-, ,1>&C #(/1-,10 #-;&0,;&/)&0, ,&+-&6 ;/&-&+, ,1>&C ;&/)&0,1!& #-;&0,;%5;&/)&0, ,&+-&6 ;#-, ,1>&C ;&/)&0,1!& #-;&0,)5,5/& ;&/)&0, ,&+-&6 )5,5/& ,1>&C ;&/)&0,1!& #-;&0,


28/541

@/(> :%;7# ,( Y>&P#((4 ,7#, 4&+(,& ;#-, ,1>&

U1>;&/)&0,C #(/1-,C ;%5;&/)&0,X #/& 0#%%&4 -&0(+4#/W U(/ 71-,(/10#%X,&+-&-]

9+([+ #- 0(+I5P#,1+P U`I(1+1+P ,(P&,7&/aX]

D%&X=G473%&$1 :%% ,7& !&/$- ,7#, #/& 0(+I5P#,&4 1+ ,7& -#>& [#W #/& P/(5;&4,(P&,7&/ #+4 -#14 ,( $&%(+P ,( ,7& -#>& 0(+I5P#,1(+] 8/&&9 7#- ,[( >#1+

"7& ;/&-&+, ,&+-& () ,7& 1+410#,1!& >((4 4&+(,&- #+ #0,1(+ 7#;;&+1+P 1+ ,7&;/&-&+, ,1>&] 3, >#W $& #+ #0,1(+ 7#;;&+1+P +([ #+4 (+%W +([C (/ 1, >#W

$& (+& ,7#, P(&- (+ #%% ,7& ,1>&C 1+0%541+P +([] G(-, (),&+ 1, 1- !1&[&4 #-# 0(+,1+51+PC /&;,&4C (/ 7#$1,5#% ;/(0&--H 1) -(C ,7& !&/$ 7#- 1>;&/)&0,1!&#-;&0,] F(>&,1>&- 1, 1- !1&[&4 #- # (+&\,1>& (005//&+0&H 1) -(C ,7& !&/$7#- #(/1-,10 #-;&0,] :%,7(5P7 ,7&/& 1- +( 41))&/&+0& 1+ #;;/#+0& $&,[&&+# ;/&-&+,\,&+-& 8/&&9 !&/$ [1,7 1>;&/)&0,1!& #-;&0, #+4 (+& [1,7 #(/1-,10#-;&0,C ,7& 0(+,&2, P&+&/#%%W >#9&- 0%/ [7107 #-;&0, ,7& #5,7(/ () ,7&-&+,&+0& 7#4 1+ >1+4]

"7& !&/$ U`,aX [1%% -&/!& #- # ;#/#41P> U1]&]C # >(4&%X )(/ ,7& 1+410#,1!& >((4C ;/&-&+, ,&+-&C #0,1!& !(10&]

[1,7 # 41))&/&+, +5#+0& U&]P]C `3 ,Ca `3 4( ,Ca `3 #> ,G+PCa `3 0(+\

,1+5& ,G+PCa `3 9&&; ,G+PaX] F1+0& 8/&&9 5-&- I5-, (+& )(/>C $/(#4

&+(5P7 ,( 0(!&/ #%% () ,7&-& +5#+0&-C ,7&/& 1- +( -1>;%& )(/>5%# )(/ ,/#+-%#,1+P

W(5 07((-& # -51,#$%& ,/#+-%#,1(+]

^&0#5-& ,7& 45#% 1- -&%4(> 5-&4 1+ :,,10 8/&&9 U,7& ;%5/#% P&+&/#%%W ,#9&- 1,-

;%#0&XC 1, 7#- $&&+ (>1,,&4 )/(> ,7& ;#/#41P>- ,7#, #;;/ 1+ ,7& %&--(+-] :%% ()

,7& 45#% )(/>-C 7([&!&/C #/& %1-,&4 )(/ /&)&/&+0& 1+ ,7& #;;&+412 () ,7& ,&2,$((9]

L;#$#&7 @673I# Q&936473I#

F1+P5%#/ ,G+PaX D+4 ;&/-(+ U`W(5 h0.Bi ,J#/& ,G+PaX ?/4 ;&/-(+ U`7&J-7&J1, ,&-J1- ,G+PaX


29/541

N&--(+ ? f


30/541

@/(> :%;7# ,( Y>&P#;%1&- #+ (+\P(1+P (/ 7#$1,5#% #0,1(+] "75- 1,-

,&+-& 1- +(, #+ 1+410#,1(+ () ;/&-&+, ,1>&C $5, () 1>;&/)&0,1!& #-;&0,] l(5 >#W

+#,5/& () ,7& #0,1(+ U&]P]C ̀ ,( $& &+P#P&4 1+ ,G+Pa (/ ̀ ,( 0(+,1+5& ,G+Pa

(/ `,( 9&&; ,G+PaX]

;&/-(+XC +5>$&/C !(10&C #+4 ,&+-&] "&+-&- 1+ ,71- >((4 -7([ (+%W #-;&0,C+(, ,1>&] "7& ;/&-&+, 1>;&/#,1!& 7#- 1>;&/)&0,1!& #-;&0, #+4 4&+(,&- #+#0,1(+ ,7#, ,7& -;&/ [1-7&- ,( -&& 7#;;&+1+P )(/ # [71%& (/ /&;,&4%W]

!(10&6

L;#$#&7 @673I# QKA#;473I#

D+4 ;&/-(+ U`,kaX ?/4 ;&/-(+ U`%&, 71>J7&/ ,kaX

.%5/#% D+4 ;&/-(+ U`,kaX ?/4 ;&/-(+ U`%&, ,7&> ,kaX

"7& ;/&-&+, #0,1!& 1>;&/#,1!& 1- $51%, (+ ,7& A;#$#&7 $7#K1 3,- &+41+P- #/& 0(>\

$1+#,1(+- () ,7& #+4 ,7& A#;$%&45 #&93&G$ ] ;#6#$$3I#] "7& -&0(+4\;&/-(+ ;%5/#% ;/&-&+, 6$(-"*+6A- 1- 14&+,10#% 1+ #;;/#+0& ,( ,7& -&0(+4\;&/-(+

;%5/#% ;/&-&+, 67562*+6A- ] "7& 0(+,&2, [1%% 7&%; W(5 41-,1+P51-7 ,7& ,[(]

067.3'*"0(>>#+4C #44/&--&4 ,( (+& ;&/-(+C #+4 # -&0(+4\;&/-(+ ('3"*' 0(>>#+4C #4\

4/&--&4 ,( >(/& ,7#+ (+& ;&/-(+] 3+ 8/&&9C 7([&!&/C ,7& -1+P5%#/ 0(>>#+4 7#-

"7& ,71/4\;&/-(+ 1>;&/#,1!& 1- #+ (/4&/ #44/&--&4 ,( (+& (/ >(/& ;&/-(+- [7( #/&

+( &2#0, &O51!#%&+, )(/ ,71- -(/, () 0(>>#+4C # 0(+-,/50,1(+ [1,7 `%&,a 1- +(/>#%\

%W 5-&4] B(,10& ,7#, ,71- ,/#+-%#,1(+ 0#+ $& >1-%)+P6 `%&,a >#W -&&> ,( >+

`#%%([Ca #+4 ,7& [(/4 ,7#, 1- ,7& -5$I&0, () ,7& 8/&&9 !&/$ 0(+)5-1+P%W #;;/- 1+

,5/+- 1+,(`,7&>a 1+ ,7& ,/#+-%#,1(+ `%&, ,7&> ,]a "/#+-%#,1+P `>#W ,7&W ,a [(5%4

-(%!& ,7#, ;/($%&> $5, #, ,7& -#>& ,1>& 1+,/(450& #+(,7&/ $W ,/#+-)(/>1+P ,7&

0(>>#+4 1+,( # [1-7] "7&/& 1- +( ;&/)&0, -(%5,1(+]

F1+0& ,7& ;/&-&+, 1>;&/#,1!& 7#- 1>;&/)&0,1!& #-;&0,C W(5 >#W ;/&)&/ # ,/#+-%#\

,1(+ ,7#, &>;7#-1_&- ,7& (+\P(1+P +#,5/& () ,7& #0,1(+ U&]P]C `0(+,1+5& ,\

DD]


31/541

N&--(+ ? f ((4 ,7& +(/>#% +&P#,1!& #4!&/$ 1-H ,7& 5-5#% ;%#0& ,( ;5, `W(5 #/& +(, ,G+Pa (/ `W(5 4( +(, ,aX]

: ;/(71$1,1(+ (/ +&P#,1!& 0(>>#+4 1- -1P+#%&4 $W U`+(,aXH ,7& 5-5#%

;%#0& ,( ;5, 1- /1P7, $&)(/& ,7& 1>;&/#,1!&

P%64B=54;V

Z(/4- #/& P/(5;&4 #00(/41+P ,( ,7&1/ ;#/, () -;&&07 #+4 ;/&-&+,&4 1+ ,71- (/4&/6

!&/$-C +(5+-C ;/(+(5+-C #4I&0,1!&-C #4!&/$-C ;/&;(-1,1(+-C 0(+I5+0,1(+-C ;#/\

;/1+,&4 1+ 1,#%10- #+4 ;%#0&4 1+ -O5#/& $/#09&,- #, ,7& &+4 () &+,/W]

7#!& ,7& [(/4 +# )(%%([1+P ,7&> 1+ ;#/&+,7&-&-] "7& ;#/&+,7&-&- 1+410#,& ,7#,

3) # [(/4 1+ ,7& !(0#$5%#/W %1-, 7#- #+ #05,& #00&+, (+ 1,- 5%,1>#C 4( +(, #--5>&

,7#, ,7#, #00&+, 0#+ +&!&/ 07#+P&] Z7&+&!&/ ,7& [(/4 1- 5-&4 1+ # -&+,&+0& #+4

#+(,7&/ [(/4 )(%%([- 1, [1,7 +( 1+,&/!&+1+P ;5+0,5#,1(+C ,7& #00&+, [1%% -[1,07

,( # P/#!& U#- &2;%#1+&4 1+ m;%101,Wb- -#9& ,7#, ,7&

[(/4 1- ;/1+,&4 [1,7 #+ #05,& #00&+, [7&+&!&/ 1, 1- O5(,&4 (5, () 0(+,&2,]

[/1,&C 4/#[ h0)] *3+#."*()i X $& [1%%1+P U,(XC [1-7 U,(X

-,% h0)] >'-(+#$*76* i ,C &450#,& h0)] ("#(*-5-3+62 i X 7#-,&+ U,(XC -,/1!& U,(XC $& P&/ U,(X -,#+4 P5#/4C P5#/4C ;/(,&0,C ;/&-&/!& h0)] ("#()8'*2+62 i U7-.*+6A- *5A-"; 30-5 ?6+) 6$(-"*+6A- $##5 X +(, U7-.*+6A- *5A-"; 30-5 ?6+) 67562*+6A- $##5 X +(,

A;%653736C # ,W;& () [(/4 ,7#, `%+- #7a ,( ,7& [(/4 )(%%([1+P 5+1O5& 1+ ,7#, 1, 5#-0 /&0&1!& #+ #00&+, U#05,&X 1) 1, 0(>&- #, ,7& &+4 ()

U2#7C372+6#7X #+4H U*5A-"; X #%-(C &!&+!!! U2#""-'*+6A- 2#7C372+6#70 X $(,7p#+4

\ \#,&%W )(%%([- 1,C (/ # 6%;;#5473I# 6%&X=&673%& #00&+, 07#+P&4 ,( P/#!&C -1+0& #+(,7&/ [(/4 [(5%4 >(-, %19&%W )(%%([ 1,

[1,7 +( 1+,&/!&+1+P ;5+0,5#,1(+]

D?]

DK]


32/541

@/(> :%;7# ,( Y>&P#DQ f

FS#;63$#$

E;## U#&7#&6#$


33/541

D<

N&--(+ K@1/-, A&0%&+-1(+

@&>1+1+& B(5+-C .#/, <

e(+& () .&/1#+4&/b- -#W1+P-C O5(,&4 $W A1(P&+&- N#&/,15- 1+P (/ -1P+1)W1+P # ;&/-(+C ,71+PC (/ #$-,/#0, 14]8/&&9 +(5+- #/& %&-- )(/>14#$%& ,7#+ 8/&&9 !&/$- $5, -,1%% 07#%%&+P1+P]

2#65#&$3%&$ 0#%%&4 4&0%1+1+P 4&0%&+-1(+ ,7/&& 4&0%&+-1(+-]

P&+4&/C +5>$&/C #+4 0#-&]E#&9#;1 "7& P&+4&/ () # +(5+ >#W $& >#-05%1+&C )&>1+1+&C (/ +&5,&/] "7&P&+4&/ () +(5+- 4&+(,1+P >#%& ;&/-(+- 1- #%>(-, #%[#W- >#-05%1+&C #+4,7& P&+4&/ () +(5+- 4&+(,1+P )&>#%& ;&/-(+- 1- #%>(-, #%[#W- )&>1+1+&C

$5, ,7& P&+4&/ () -&2%&-- ($I&0,-C 0(+,/#/W ,( [7#, W(5 >1P7, &2;&0,C 1-+(, #%>(-, #%[#W- +&5,&/H 1, 1- I5-, #- (),&+ )&>1+1+& U%19& ,7& 8/&&9 [(/4)(/ `>#/9&,;%#0&aX (/ >#-05%1+& U%19& ,7& 8/&&9 [(/4 )(/ `/1!&/aX] @(/-507 +(5+- ,7& P&+4&/ 7#- +(,71+P ,( 4( [1,7 ,7&1/ `-&2aH 1, 1- -1>;%W #P/#>>#,10#% ,/#1, U0(>;#/#$%& ,( # $%((4\,W;&XC [7107 7#- ,( $& >&>(/1_&4

;#/,105%#/ P&+4&/C #+4 ,7#, P&+4&/ +&!&/ 07#+P&-]

J=KB#;1 "7& +5>$&/ () # +(5+ 1- -1>1%#/ ,( ,7& +5>$&/ () # !&/$H 1, >#W $&-1+P5%#/C 45#%C (/ ;%5/#%C 4&;&+41+P (+ 7([ >#+W ;&(;%&C ,71+P-C (/ #$-,/#0,14- ,7& -;&/ 7#- 1+ >1+4] F1+0& ,7& 45#% U1>;%W1+P # ;#1/X 1- /#/&%W5-&4 1+ :,,10 8/&&9C 1, 1- /&%&P#,&4 ,( ,7& #;;&+412 () ,71- ,&2,$((9]

D4$#1 "7& 0#-& () # +(5+ 1- # 0%5& ,( 7([ ,7& +(5+ 1- )5+0,1(+1+P 1+ 1,- () ,7& +(5+C ,( 1+410#,& 1,- )5+0,1(+] 3+ `,7& 4(P 07#-&- ,7& 0#,Ca [& 9+([,7#, `4(Pa 1- ,7& -5$I&0, $&0#5-& 1, 1- ;%#0&4 $&)(/& ,7& !&/$C [71%& `0#,a1- -7([+ ,( $& ,7& ($I&0, $W 1,- ;%#0&>&+, #),&/ ,7& !&/$] 3) ,7& ;(-1,1(+- ()

DR]

DE]


34/541

@/(> :%;7# ,( Y>&P#DD f

`4(Pa #+4 `0#,a 1+ ,7& -&+,&+0& #/& /&!&/-&4C `4(Pa $&0(>&- ,7& ($I&0,C`0#,a $&0(>&- ,7& -5$I&0,C #+4 ,7& -&+,&+0& >+- ,7& (;;(-1,& () [7#, 1,(/1P1+#%%W 414]

3+ 8/&&9 ,7& ;(-1,1(+ () # +(5+ 4(&- +(, 410,#,& 7([ 1, 1- )5+0,1(+1+P 1+,7& -&+,&+0&H ,71- 1- -7([+ 1+-, $W ,7& +(5+b- 0#-&] "7& 14 () ,7& 4(P07#-1+P ,7& 0#, 0(5%4 $& &2;/&--&4 1+ 8/&&9 [1,7 #+W () ,7& )(%%([1+P#//#+P&>&+,- () [(/4-6 `,7& 4(P 07#-&- ,7& 0#,Ca `,7& 0#, 07#-&- ,7& 4(PCa`,7& 4(P ,7& 0#, 07#-&-Ca `,7& 0#, ,7& 4(P 07#-&-Ca `07#-&- ,7& 4(P ,7&0#,Ca `07#-&- ,7& 0#, ,7& 4(P]a 3+ +(+& () ,7& 8/&&9 !&/-1(+- [(5%4 ,7&/&

$& #+W 4(5$, ,7#, ,7& 4(P 1- 4(1+P ,7& 07#-1+PH ,7& +(5+ )(/ `4(Pa [(5%4 $& 1+ ,7& 0#-& #;;/(;/1#,& )(/ ,7& -5$I&0, () # -&+,&+0&C [71%& ,7& +(5+ )(/`0#,a [(5%4 $& 1+ ,7& 0#-& #;;/(;/1#,& )(/ ,7& ($I&0,] "7& -;&/ [(5%4

$& )/&& ,( 07((-& [7&,7&/ ,( ;5, ,7& +(5+- $&)(/&C #),&/C (/ (+ &1,7&/ -14& (),7& !&/$H ,7& 4&01-1(+ [(5%4 4&;&+4 (+ [7107 [(/4- ,7& -;&/ [1-7&4 ,(

&>;7#-1_& (/ [7107 P/(5;1+P () -(5+4- [#- >(-, ;%-1+P ,( ,7& /] +(>1+#,1!&C P&+1,1!&C 4#,1!&C #005-#,1!&C #+4!(0#,1!&] 3, 1- ,/#41,1(+#% ,( %1-, ,7&> 1+ ,7#, (/4&/C [1,7 ,7& %#-, )(5/ 0#-&--&&>1+P ,( `4&0%1+&a (/ )#%% )/(> ,7& +(>1+#,1!& U,7& [(/4 2*0- 0(>&-)/(> ,7& N#,1+ [(/4 )(/ `# )#%%1+PaX] "7& +&2, -&0,1(+ P1!&- #+ (!&/!1&[ (),7& 0#-&- #+4 ,7&1/ 5-&-]

J%K3&473I#\ "7& +(>1+#,1!& 0#-& 4&-1P+#,&- ,7& -5$I&0, () ,7& -&+,&+0&] 3+# -&+,&+0& ,7#, 7#- # `%1+91+P !&/$a 0(++&0,1+P ,7& -5$I&0, [1,7 # ;/&410#,&+(5+C $(,7 ,7& -5$I&0, #+4 ,7& ;/&410#,& +(5+ [1%% $& 1+ ,7& +(>1+#,1!&0#-& U&]P]C `[& #/& )/1&+4-Ca `W(5 7#!& $&0(>& # +51-#+0&Ca `,7&W [1%% $&

-5$I&0,C # ;/&410#,& +(5+ 1- &O5#,&4 [1,7 ,7& -5$I&0, #+4 ,7&/&)(/& >5-, $&14&+,10#% [1,7 1, 1+ 0#-&]

E#&373I#\ "7& P&+1,1!& 0#-& 4&-1P+#,&- # +(5+ ,7#, 1- $&1+P 5-&4 ,( >(41)W#+(,7&/ +(5+ 1+ ,7& -&+,&+0&] "7& /&%#,1(+-71; $&,[&&+ ,7& ,[( +(5+- 0#+ #1 U&]P]C `,7& P/#;&-() [/#,7Ca `%(!& () %1)&Ca `,7& $((9 () ,7& -,54&+,aH 1+ ,7& %#-, &2#>;%&,7& ;7/#-& -7([- ;(--&--1(+ #+4 0(5%4 $& &2;/&--&4 #%,&/+#,1!&%W #- `,7&-,54&+,b- $((9aX] "7& P&+1,1!& #%-( )5+0,1(+- #- # -5$-,1,5,& )(/ 3+4(\ ,7& P&+1,1!& 1- ,7& #;;/(;/1#,& 0#-& )(/ +(5+- 4&+(,1+P # -(5/0& (/ ;(1+, ()(/1P1+ U`#[#W )/(>Ca `(5, ()aX]

2473I#\ "7& 4#,1!& 0#-& 4&-1P+#,&- # +(5+ ,7#, 7#- -(>& /&%#,1(+-71; ,(,7& #0,1(+ $5, 1- +(, ,7& -5$I&0, (/ 41/&0, ($I&0, () ,7& -&+,&+0&] Y),&+ ,7&

$&-, [#W ,( ,/#+-%#,& # 4#,1!& 1- [1,7 ,7& ;/&;(-1,1(+ +# (/ 1#" U&]P]C `P1!&,7& ;/1_& ,( ,7& [1++&/aH `)(/ 4509-C ,7& [,7&/ 1- ;&/)&0,aX] "7& 4#,1!& 0#-&-C $(,7 () [7107 7#!& +/%W !#+1-7&4 1+ 8/&&9] "75- ,7& 4#,1!& 1- ,7&#;;/(;/1#,& 0#-& )(/ +(5+- 4&+(,1+P >+-C #00(>;#+1>&+,C %(0#,1(+C (/,1>& U`$WCa `[1,7Ca `1+Ca `#,aX]

DM]


35/541

N&--(+ K f D?

@66=$473I#1 "7& #005-#,1!& 0#-& 4&-1P+#,&- ,7& -&+,&+0&b- 41/&0, ($I&0,C ,7&+(5+ ,7#, 1- $&1+P 41/&0,%W #0,&4 5;(+ $W ,7& -5$I&0,] 3, 1- #%-( 5-&4 )(/+(5+- ,7#, 4&+(,& # 4&-,1+#,1(+ (/ P(#% (/ #+ &2,&+, () ,1>& (/ -;#0& U`1+,(Ca`,(Ca `,([#/4Ca `)(/aX]

P%6473I#1 "7& !(0#,1!& 0#-& 4&-1P+#,&- # ;&/-(+C &1,7&/ /% (/ 1>#P1+#/WC[7( 1- $&1+P #44/&--&4] 3, 1- 0(>>(+ 1+ 8/&&9 ,( ;&/-(+1)W ,71+P- #+40#%% (5, ,( ,7&> #- [&%% #- ,( 75>#+ $&1+P- U&]P]C `)#/&[&%%C F(0/#,&-kaH `Y4,7C [7&/& 1- ,7W -,1+PnaX]

@1/-,\4&0%&+-1(+ +(5+- 0#+ $& 41!14&4 1+,( ,[( P/(5;-6 )&>1+1+&- #+4>#-05%1+&-] "7& )&>1+1+&- #/& 41-05--&4 7&/& #+4 1+ ,7& +&2, %&--(+C ,7&>#-05%1+&- 1+ N&--(+ =]

Y/1P1+#%%W #%% 7#4 -,&>- &+41+P 1+

$W \ X] "71- >+, ,7#,C 1+ :,,10C ,7&/& [&/& ,[( \-,&>-6

B(>1+#,1!& 8&+1,1!& A#,1!& :005-#,1!&

B(>1+#,1!& 8&+1,1!& A#,1!& :005-#,1!&

\ ,7#, ,7& +(>1+#,1!& #+4 ,7& !(0#,1!& )(/>- #/& 14&+,10#%] l(5 [1%% -((+ 41-0(!&/

,7#, ,7& +(>1+#,1!& #+4 !(0#,1!& #/& 14&+,10#% 1+ ,7& ;%5/#% () &!&/W 4&0%&+-1(+U,7(5P7 +(, #%[#W- 1+ ,7& -1+P5%#/X]

L#;$3$7#&7 @66#&71 "7& #00&+, () ,7&-& #+4 #%% (,7&/ 8/&&9 +(5+- 1- ;&/-1-,&+,C

1]&]C ,7& %(0#,1(+ () ,7& #00&+, 1+ ,7& +(>1+#,1!& -1+P5%#/ -7([- [7&/& ,7& #00&+,

[#+,- ,( -,#W (/ `;&/-1-,]a `N(0#,1(+a /&)&/- +(, ,( #+,&;&+5%,C ;&+5%,C &,0]C $5,

,( ,7& #0,5#% %&,,&/- >#91+P 5; ,7& #00&+,&4 -W%%#$%&H 1+ ,7& +(>1+#,1!& -1+P5\

,( /&>#1+ [1,7 ,7#, ;#/,105%#/ P/(5; () %&,,&/-] UB(,10& ,7#, ,71- 1- 41))&/&+, )/(>

07#+P&-C ,7& P&+&/#% ;/1+01;%&- () #00&+,1+P U-&& m#W )(/0& ,7&

\

+(>1+#,1!& -1+P5%#/]

D=]


36/541

@/(> :%;7# ,( Y>&P#DK f

# 1+ ,7& P&+1,1!& #+4 4#,1!&C -1+P5%#/ #+4 ;%5/#%C

\ \

,7& #/,10%& #/& +&0&--#/W )(/ W(5 ,( %/+] "7&W 0%(-&%W /&-&>$%& ,7& &+41+P-

F1+P5%#/ @&>1+1+& .%5/#% @&>1+1+&B(>1+#,1!& B(>1+#,1!& 8&+1,1!& 8&+1,1!& A#,1!& A#,1!&

:005-#,1!& :005-#,1!& \ P(44&--C %1-,&+ka]

-7(5%4 1+0%54& `,7&a 1+ W(5/ ,/#+-%#,1(+6 8/&&9 5-&- `,7&a 1+ >(/& [#W- ,7#+

>+ `-&+4 ,7& %&1-5/& h1]&]C ,7& ;#/,105%#/ -(/, () %&1-5/& ,7#, ,7& -;&/ 7#- 1+>1+4ikaH 1, [(5%4 ,7&+ $& #005/#,& ,( 1+0%54& `,7&a 1+ W(5/ ,/#+-%#,1(+] 3, 1- #%-(

U&]P]C `,7& F(0/#,&-Ca `,7& j&5-Ca `,7& 8/&&0&aX] 3) `,7&a -(5+4- #[9[#/4 1+

Q&93;#67 ]BX#671 Y+& () ,7& >(-, )/&O5&+, 5-&- () ,7& 4#,1!& 0#-& 1- ,(4&-1P+#,& ,7& 1+41/&0, ($I&0, 1+ # -&+,&+0& 0(+0&/+&4 [1,7 P1!1+P U,7& [(/45*+6A- 0(>&- )/(> ,7& N#,1+ !&/$ >+1+P `P1!&aX] 3+ -507 # -&+,&+0& ,7&-5$I&0, P1!&-C ())&/-C ;/&-&+,-C 4&410#,&-C &+,/5-,-C (/ ;/(>1-&- -(>&(+& (/

?Q]

?


37/541

N&--(+ K f DL

Z1,7 !&/$- () -&+41+PC [/1,1+PC (/ -#W1+Pe#- (;;(-&4 ,( P1!1+PeC,7& -;&/ 7#- ,7& 07(10& () 5-1+P #+ 1+41/&0, ($I&0, U4#,1!& 0#-&C +(;/&;(-1,1(+X (/ # ;/&;(-1,1(+#% ;7/#-& U1]&]C # ;/&;(-1,1(+ >+1+P `,(a)(%%([&4 $W # +(5+ 1+ ,7& #005-#,1!& 0#-&X] :- ,7& ($I&0, () ,7& ;/&;(-1,1(+C,7& /&01;1&+, 1- !1&[&4 #- # 4&-,1+#,1(+ (/ P(#%C ,7& ;(1+, ,([#/4 [7107 ,7&

P%64B=54;V

8/&&9 %&210# #%[#W- P1!& # +(5+b- +(>1+#,1!& #+4 P&+1,1!& -1+P5%#/ #+4 #, ,7& &+4 () %&--(+]

T&0#%% ,7#, ,7& [(/4- #/& %1-,&4 #00(/41+P ,( ,7&1/ ;#/, () -;&&076 !&/$-C

+(5+-C ;/(+(5+-C #4I&0,1!&-C #4!&/$-C ;/&;(-1,1(+-C 0(+I5+0,1(+-C ;#/,10%&-]

-&+4 h0)] ("#(-$(+62#7i >#/9&,;%#0&C >#/9&, h0)] *.#"*()#;6* i %&,,&/C >&--#P& h0)] -(60+'- i

%&1-5/&C -,1%%+&--C ,/#+O51%%1,W P(44&-- ,&+, h0)] 02-7- i

%#+4C 0(5+,/WC 0(5+,/W-14&C -;#0&C ;(-1,1(+ U ("-(#06+6#7 #;C-2+ 67 *2230*+6A- 2*0- X 1+,(C ,( U ("-(#06+6#7 #;C-2+ 67 .-76+6A- 2*0- 60

30-5 ;-1#"- ?#"50 0+*"+67. ?6+) * A#?-' X h0)]

-2'-2+62@ -20+*08 i

U ("-(#06+6#7 #;C-2+ 67 5*+6A- 2*0- X 1+ h0)] -7+"#(8@-7;%1&-,7#, -(>&(+& (/ -(>&,71+P 1- 1+ # 0&/,#1+ &+!1/(+>&+,C +&1,7&/ &+,&/1+P 1,

+(/ >(!1+P (5, () 1,]

?D]


38/541

@/(> :%;7# ,( Y>&P#DR f

U67+-"C-2+6#7 30-5 ?6+) * 7#37 67 +)- A#2*+6A- X Yk $5, ,7&W >#W $& ;%#0&4 #, ,7& -,#/, () # -&+,&+0& )(/ &>;7#-1-] Z7&+

-5/;/1-&4 `(7kaH 1, 1- +&!&/ 5-&4 #%(+& #- #+ &20%#>#,1(+]

FS#;63$#$

E;## U#&7#&6#$

3) W(5 -&& # +(5+ ,7#, 0#+ -&/!& #- ,7& -5$I&0,C -5$-,1,5,& ,7#, +(5+ )(/ ,7& `7&Ca

`-7&Ca `1,Ca (/ `,7&Wa ,7#, W(5 [(5%4 7#!& 5-&4 1) ,7& -&+,&+0& 7#4 7#4 +( +(5+

1+ ,7& +(>1+#,1!& 0#-& #+4 W(5 7#4 7#4 ,( /&%W -(%&%W (+ ,7& !&/$\&+41+P] l(5/

-&+,&+0& -7(5%4 +(, /C )(/ &2#>;%&C `"7& P(44&-- -7& 1- P&/]a

+(, -,% ,7& %&,,&/- (5, () ,7& >#/9&,;%#0&-kL] "/#+O51%%1,WC 7#-,&+ 1+,( ,7& %#+4 () ,7& P(44&--k

??]


39/541

DE

N&--(+ L@1/-, A&0%&+-1(+

@&>1+1+& B(5+-C .#/, D

e0(>>&+, $W Y4W--&5- 1+ V(>&/b- ,5800-8 #%% U$5, -,1%% 1>;(/,#+,X -5$0#,&P(/1&- 6

F1+P5%#/ B(>1+#,1!&

.%5/#%

"7& ;%5/#%- () ,7&-& +(5+- #/& +( 41))&/&+, )/(> ,7& ;%5/#%- () ,7& +(5+-

#%;7# 1+ ,7& +(>1+#,1!& 410,#,&- ,7#, ,7& #005-#,1!& #+4 !(0#,1!& -1+P5%#/

B(5+- 1+ ,7&-& -5$0#,&P(/1&- 7#!& ;&/-1-,&+, #00&+, [1,7 ,7& ,[(

5%,1># () P&+1,1!& #+4 4#,1!& -1+P5%#/ #+4 ;%5/#%C 1) #00&+,&4H P&+1,1!&

?K]


40/541

@/(> :%;7# ,( Y>&P#DM f

`;5%%&4a )/(> ,7& #+,&;&+5%, ,( ,7& ;&+5%, [7&+ ,7& 0#-&\&+41+P 1- # %(+P

-5$I&0,C 7#- -(>& /&%#,1(+ ,( 1,C (/ 1- # ;7W-10#% ;#/, () 1,] "75-C [7&+ ,7&8/&&9 %1,&/#%%W -#W-C ̀ "&/- /+ ,7& -#%#/1&-Ca ̀ A( W(5 %(!& ,7& )#,7&/naC`Z& #/& [#-71+P ,7& 7#+4-Ca 1, >#W #0,5#%%W >+C `"&/- /+ ,7&1/-#%#/1&-Ca `A( W(5 %(!& W(5/ )#,7&/naC `Z& #/& [#-71+P (5/ 7#+4-]a "7&

`"7& %#4W 0(>>#+4- 7&/ ([+ -&/!#+,-]a

P%64B=54;V .-76+6A- #" *2230*+6A- X 7/C %1-,&+C %1-,&+ ,( h0)]

*2#30+620 i"7& P&+1,1!& 0#-& 1- 5-&4 1) 1, 1- # ;&/-(+ [7( 1- $&1+P 7/4C ,7& #005-#,1!&

0#-& 1) 1, 1- #+ #0,5#% -(5+4 ,7#, 1- $&1+P 7/4] "71- >#9&- -&+-& -1+0& #

;&/-(+ 0(5%4 $& ,7& -(5/0& () # -(5+4C $5, +&!&/ ,7& -(5+4 1,-&%)]

7#/>C 75/, U?6+) *2230*+6A- #" 5*+6A- X (/4&/ U,(XC

0(>>#+4 U,(XC 5/P& U,(X"7& ;&/-(+ [7( /&0&1!&- ,7& (/4&/ ,( 4( -(>&,71+P >#W #;;/ 1+ &1,7&/

,7& #005-#,1!& (/ ,7& 4#,1!& 0#-&] 3) ,7& -;&/ /&P#/4- ,7& ;&/-(+ #- ,7&

,7& #005-#,1!& 0#-& 1- #;;/(;/1#,&e# P/#>>#/ ;(1+, ,7#, [1%% $& 41-05--&4

1+ %#,&/ %&--(+-] 3) ,7& -;&/ ,71+9- () ,7& ;&/-(+ #- ,7& /&01;1&+, () ,7&

(/4&/C ,7&+ ,7& 4#,1!& 0#-& U4&-1P+#,1+P #+ 1+41/&0, ($I&0,X 1- ;/&)&/#$%&]

l(5 7#!& ,7& (;,1(+ ,( 5-& [7107&!&/ () ,7& ,[( 0#-&- W(5 [1-7H W(5/

07(10& [1%% +(, #))&0, ,7& $#-10 >+1+P () ,7& -&+,&+0&]

>1-,/&-- U#1 +)- )#30-)#'5 XC %#4WC N#4W U+6+'- 1#" * .#55-00 X

- h0)] +)*'*00#2"*28 i

-&/!#+, U1-$*'- XC >#14 0(507C $&4 h0)] 2'6762 i

*0 * .#55-00 X

--(+C 7(5/H U?6+) *2230*+6A- #" 5*+6A- X1, 1- ,1>& U,(X h0)] )#"#02#(-@ )#3" i

-&+,&+0& #;;/- ,( 7#!& +( >#1+ !&/$] :0,5#%%W 1, 1- I5-, ,7#, ,7& -;&/

7#- 07(-&+ ,( %!& (5, ,7& [(/4 )(/ `1-Ca #--5>1+P ,7#, W(5 [1%% -5;;%W

U`1, 1- ,7& 7(5/ ,(]]]a (/C >(/& -1>;%WC `1, 1- ,1>& ,(]]]aX] "7& ;&/-(+ [7(

?L]

?R]


41/541

N&--(+ L f D=

1- &2;&0,&4 ,( 4( ,7& #0,1(+ 1- ;5, 1+,( ,7& #005-#,1!& (/ ,7& 4#,1!& 0#-&C

(/ U2#7C372+6#7X [7&+C #),&/C -1+0&C $&0#5-& #4!&/$1#% 0%#5-& ,7#, ,&%%- [7&+ (/ [7W ,7& >#1+ #0,1(+ () ,7& -&+,&+0&

(005/-] "7& 0(+,&2, [1%% -7([ [7&,7&/ ,7& 0%#5-& 1- ,&>;(/#% U1+410#,1+P

,7& ,1>& #, [7107 -(>&,71+P 7#;;&+-X (/ 0#5-#% U1+410#,1+P ,7& /-(+ )(/

1,- 7#;;&+1+PX]

FS#;63$#$

E;## U#&7#&6#$


42/541

@/(> :%;7# ,( Y>&P#?Q f

Z#493&G

U:&-(;b- @#$%& LLX

P%64B=54;V ^#5A C%; 7># Z#493&G

U%1+&


43/541

?<

N&--(+ R

@5,5/& :0,1!& 3+410#,1!&

I6"50 KRK

"7& )5,5/& ,&+-& U#0,1!& !(10&X () ,7& 1+410#,1!& >((4 5-&- ,7& -#>& T&>&>$&/ ,7#, () ,7&-& 1- #0,5#%%W # 0(>$1+#,1(+ () # ,7&>#,10 !([&%

Y=7=;# @673I# Q&936473I#

U`3 -7#%% ,J-7#%% $& ,G+PaX U`W(5 h-P]i [1%% ,J[1%% $& ,G+PaX U`7&J-7&J1, [1%% ,J[1%% $& ,G+PaX

.%5/#% U`[& -7#%% ,J-7#%% $& ,G+PaX U`W(5 h;%]i [1%% ,J[1%% $& ,G+PaX \ U`,7&W [1%% ,J[1%% $& ,G+PaX

\

%19&%W ,( 7#!& 1>;&/)&0,1!& ,7#+ #(/1-,10 #-;&0,C ,7& )5,5/& ,&+-& 1- I5-, #- %19&%W ,( 7#!& #(/1-,10 #-;&0, U&]P]C `[& 0)*'' -*+ 41++&/ [7&+ [& #/& 75+P/WaX #- 1, 1-

,( 7#!& 1>;&/)&0,1!& #-;&0, U&]P]C `[& 0)*'' ;- -*+67. 41++&/ )(/ #+ 7(5/aX] "7&

)5,5/& ,&+-& >#W $& ,/#+-%#,&4 [1,7 `-7#%%Ca `[1%%Ca (/ `#>J#/&J1- P(1+P ,(]a

F=A>%&V1 3) ,7& ;/&-&+, -,&> &+4- 1+ # !([&% (/ # 41;7,7(+PC #441+P # -1P>#,( )(/> ,7& )5,5/& -,&> ;/&-&+,- +( 0(>;%10#,1(+-] 3) ,7& ;/&-&+, -,&> &+4-1+ # 0(+-(+#+,C 7([&!&/C ,7& 0(%%1-1(+ $&,[&&+ ,7& 0(+-(+#+, #+4 ,7& -1P># 4&-1P+&4 ,( #!(14 /(5P7+&-- 1+ -(5+4] "7& #+01&+, 8/&&9- #%[#W- -,/(!& )(/&5;7(+WC # ;%-1+P $%&+4 () -(5+4-C 1+ ,7&1/ %#+P5#P&]

V&/& 1- # -5>>#/W () ,7& &5;7(+10 07#+P&- ,7#, ,#9& ;%#0& [7&+ ,7& )5,5/&-,&> 1- )(/>&46

?M]


44/541

@/(> :%;7# ,( Y>&P#?D f

U7#K #&93&G 3& 4 54B345\

U7#K #&93&G 3& 4 A454745\

U7#K #&93&G 3& 4 9#&745\

\ \

*(+,/#/W ,( ,7&1/ #;;/#+0&C ,7&-& -,&>- #/& +(, 4&+,#% $5, ;#%#,#%6 ,7&W #0,5\

\

&2;%#1+&4 1+ # %#,&/ %&--(+]

U#6%&9 L;3&63A45 L4;7 ] G#+W 8/&&9 !&/$- #/& 1//&P5%#/ 1+ ,7& )5,5/& ,&+-&]"71- >+- ,7#, 9+([1+P 7([ # !&/$b- )5,5/& -7(5%4 ,7&(/&,10#%%W %((9 1-+( P5#/#+,&& ,7#, 1, [1%% %((9 ,7#, [#W] @(/,5+#,&%W ,7& %&210(+ [1%% #%[#W- %!& W(5 [1,7 ,7& )5,5/& -,&>]

@/(> +([ (+C [7&+&!&/ # !&/$ 1- 1+,/(450&4C W(5 [1%% +&&4 ,( %/+ +(, I5-, ;#/,- () () ,7& !&/$- 1+ N&--(+- ?\LH $&1+P #$%& ,( /&0(P+1_& &5;7(+1007#+P&- -7(5%4 7&%; W(5 >&>(/1_& ,7& )(/>-6

)(/ >144%& !(10&C &!&+ [7&+ 1,- >+1+P [#- #0,1!&] @5,5/& #0,1!& &+41+P-

l(5 [1%% +(, $& #-9&4 ,( ,/#+-%#,& (/ 0(>;(-& -&+,&+0&- [1,7 ,7& )5,5/& ,&+-& ()

\

@/(> # %(P10#% -,#+4;(1+,C 1, [(5%4 -&&> ,7#, 8/&&9 -7(5%4 +(, +&&4 #

0#+ -7([ ,1>& /&%#,1!& ,( ,7#, () ,7& >#1+ !&/$H 1+ -507 0#-&- # )5,5/&

?=]


45/541

N&--(+ R f ??

,7& >#1+ !&/$]

\ #(/1-,10 #-;&0, U&]P]C `,( $& P(1+P ,(, (+ (+& (00#-1(+aX (/ 1>;&/)&0,1!& #-;&0, U&]P]C `,( $& P(1+P ,( $& ,G+P

)(/ # [71%&aX] "7& 0(+,&2, [1%% -7([ [7107 #-;&0, 1- 1+,&+4&4]

3+ ,7& !(0#$5%#/W %1-, #, ,7& &+4 () %&--(+C ,7& +(,#,1(+ ,7& 14 &2;/&--&4 $W ,7& !&/$] "7& (+%W !&/$ 1+ ,71- ,&2,$((9 ,7#, &!&/

#> #$(5, ,( ,a (/ `3 1+,&+4 ,( ,aX 1- ,7& /(5P7 &O51!#%&+, () -#W1+P #[9[#/4+&-- () `3 #> #$(5, ,( $& P(1+P ,( ,]a

>#W >+ `3 4&%#Wa (/ `3 7&-1,#,&Ca 1>;%W1+P ,7#, ,7& -;&/ 1+,&+4- ,(

[1%% 4&;&+4 (+ ,7& 0(+,&2,]

P%64B=54;V

07#+P&C #%,&/ h0)] (*"*''*= i /#,7&/C 1, >+- `3 >#9& -(>&,71+P (/ -(>&(+& 07#+P&]a "75-C 1+ ,7& #0\

,1!& !(10&C 1, #%[#W- 7#- # 41/&0, ($I&0, [1,7 1,H 1]&]C 1, 1- #%[#W- ,/#+-1,1!&]

;5/-5&C 07#-&C 75+,C 4/1!& #[#WC $#+1-7 X $& #$%& U,(X h0)]

2*+)-=60 i

X 4&%#W U,(XC 7&-1,#,& U,(X

*7#+)-"7*$- 1#" /-"0-()#7-@ 5*3.)+-" #1 +)- .#55-00

J-$-+-" X h0)] )8(#2#"60$i

KQ]


46/541

@/(> :%;7# ,( Y>&P#?K f

7(5-&C 7(5-&7(%4 U*5A-"; X -,1%%C W&,C %(+P&/ U*5A-"; X +( %(+P&/C +( >(/& U*5A-"; X +( %(+P&/C +( >(/&

>((4X]

U*5A-"; X $#09C $#09[#/4-C #P#1+C (+0& >(/& h0)] (*'6$(0-0+ C (*'675"#$- i

U2#7C372+6#7 60 ?"6++-7 ;-1#"- * A#?-' X !([&% 1- 4/(;;&4 #+4 +( %(+P&/ ;/(+(5+0&4X [7&+ 1, 0(>&- $&)(/& # [(/4

-,#/,1+P [1,7 # !([&%] "7&-& &%1-1(+- #/& (),&+ ,#9&+ )(/ P/#+,&4 #+4 %&),

5+>#/9&4 1+ >#+5-0/1;,-C $5, 1+ # )&[ 0(>>(+ [(/4- ,7#, #/& )/&O5&+,%W

(+& () ,7(-& [(/4-]

FS#;63$#$

E;## U#&7#&6#$

#/9&,n

D] 3 1+,&+4 ,( &450#,& ,7& P1/%-C >1-,/&--C -1+0& 3 -,1%% 7#!& %&1-5/&]

?] "7&W [1%% P5#/4 ,7& ,&+,-C $5, ,7&W [1%% +(, [/1,& ,7& %&,,&/-]

K] Z1%% W(5 U0. ]X $& #$%& ,( 07#+P& W(5/ 4&-,1+W 1+ ,7&

0(5+,/W-14&n

L]

7#-,&+ (5, () ,7& 7(5-&]

K


47/541

N&--(+ R f ?L

Z#493&G

]59 ^4B37$ J#I#; 23#U:&-(;b- @#$%& LQX

P%64B=54;V ^#5A C%; 7># Z#493&G

U%1+& 2#7+"*2+-5 1"#$ U%1+& #+ U

$*023'67- 7#37X

U%1+& DX )/(> * 2#7+"*2+ A-"; X6 ,#9& ,( [1)&C >#//W *7#+)-" 2#7+"*2+ A-";

.-76+6A- X6 ,&-,C >#9& ,/1#% U()X

U%1+& DX ,7& 7#$1,-C 07#/#0,&/ U*2230*+6A- ('3"*' #1@ * 0-2#75H5-2'-706#7 $*023'67- 7#37@ ("-2-5-5 ;8 +)- X

U%1+& ?X >(5-& U*2230*+6A- 067.3'*" #1 @ * +)6"5H5-2'-706#7 X

U%1+& KX W(5 #/& U0-2#75H(-"0#7 067.3'*" ("-0-7+ *2+6A- 67562*+6A- #1+)- 6""-.3'*" A-"; $-*767. E;-F X

L


48/541


49/541

?E

N&--(+ EF&0(+4 A&0%&+-1(+

G#-05%1+& B(5+-

U^&[#/&C 0(>/#4&C () # -0(/;1(+ 5+4&/ &!&/W -,(+&X

e./#21%%#C )/#P>&+, K

U#6%&9 2#65#&$3%&] >#-05%1+& -5$P/(5; /&>#1+- ,( $& 41-05--&4 1+ N&--(+ =XC $5, [& #/& P(1+P,( ;5, 1, #-14& ,&>;(/#/1%W #+4 4&!(,& ,7& +&2, ,[( 07#;,&/- ,( ,7& -&0(+44&0%&+-1(+] B(5+- 1+ ,71- 4&0%&+-1(+ 0#+ $& 41!14&4 1+,( ,[( P/(5;-6>#-05%1+&- #+4 +&5,&/-] "7& >#-05%1+&- #/& 0(!&/&4 1+ ,71- %&--(+C ,7&+&5,&/- 1+ N&--(+ M] l(5 [1%% $& P%#4 ,( %/+ ,7#, ,7& -&0(+4 4&0%&+-1(+

:%% -&0(+4\4&0%&+-1(+ >#-05%1+&- 7#!& ,7& -#>& -&, () &+41+P-H ,7&/& #/&+( !#/1#,1(+- 0#5-&4 $W ),5/&- () ,7& :,,10 41#%&0,] "7& &+41+P- /&-&>$%&

U#6%&9[2#65#&$3%& W4$6=53 J%=&$

F1+P5%#/ U`75>#+ $&1+PaX U`/1!&/aX B(>1+#,1!& 8&+1,1!& A#,1!& :005-#,1!&

.%5/#%

B(>1+#,1!& 8&+1,1!& A#,1!& :005-#,1!&

B(,10& ,7#, ,7& #00&+, 1- ;&/-1-,&+,C /&>#1+1+P #$(!& ,7& -#>& %&,,&/- #- 1+

_ ,7& -1+P5%#/ #+4 ;%5/#% &+41+P- () ,7& P&+1,1!&

KD]

K?]


50/541

@/(> :%;7# ,( Y>&P#?M f

7([&!&/C -&0(+4\4&0%&+-1(+ +(5+- 4( +(, #$(!& ,7& P&+1,1!& ;%5/#% &+41+PH 1+-, ,7& #00&+, /&>#1+-C 1) 1, 0#+C 1+ 1,-

-&0(+4 4&0%&+-1(+ 4(&- +(,]

-1+P5%#/ #/& 14&+,10#%H 1+ -&0(+4\4&0%&+-1(+ >#-05%1+& +(5+- ,7&W #/& O1 N:- +(,&4 1+ mD=() N&--(+ KC ,7& +(>1+#,1!& ;%5/#% #+4 !(0#,1!& ;%5/#% [1%% #%[#W- $&14&+,10#%]X

() -&0(+4\4&0%&+-1(+ >#-05%1+& +(5+-6

F1+P5%#/ G#-05%1+& .%5/#% G#-05%1+&

B(>1+#,1!& B(>1+#,1!& 8&+1,1!& 8&+1,1!& A#,1!& A#,1!& :005-#,1!& :005-#,1!&

+( #00&+,] :- [1,7 ,7& )&>1+1+& )(/>- () ,7& #/,10%&C ,7&/& 1- +( !(0#,1!& 0#-&]

E#&9#; 1+-, () >#-05%1+&] 3,- 5+5-5#% P&+4&/ [1%% $& -7([+C +(, $W ,7& )(/> ()

"( 0(>;%10#,& >#,,&/- )5/,7&/C -(>& -&0(+4\4&0%&+-1(+ +(5+- #/& !#/1#$%&1+ ,7&1/ P&+4&/6 ,7&W >#W $& &1,7&/ >#-05%1+& (/ )&>1+1+&e(),&+ [1,7 # 0#%%&4 `&;10&+&a #+4 #/& -#14 ,( 7#!& 0(>>(+ P&+4&/] 3+ # !(0#$5%#/W %1-,

] : +(5+ 1+ ,7& 4#,1!& 0#-& >#W1+410#,& ,7& >+- (/ ,7& 1+-,/5>&+, $W [7107 -(>&,71+P 1- 4(+& U&]P]C

`3 , [1,7 I(Wa (/ `3 , I(W)5%%WaX] "7& 4#,1!& () >+- 1- 5-5#%%W,/#+-%#,&4 [1,7 ,7& ;/&;(-1,1(+ ?6+) (/ ;8 H ,7& 4#,1!& () >#++&/ 1- 5-5#%%W,/#+-%#,&4 [1,7 ,7& ;/&;(-1,1(+ ?6+) (/ [1,7 #+ #4!&/$ )(/>&4 )/(> ,7&+(5+ #+4 &+41+P 1+ \'8 ] 3+ 8/&&9 +( ;/&;(-1,1(+ 1- /&O51/&4 )(/ &1,7&/ ,7&4#,1!& () >+- (/ ,7& 4#,1!& () >#++&/]

KK]

KL]

KR]


51/541

N&--(+ E f ?=

P%64B=54;V

5*+6A- X /&I(10& U1+XC ,#9& 4&%1P7, U1+X

P/&&,1+P- U`$& 7#;;Wkae1]&]C `7&%%(kaX (/ #- ;#/,1+P [(/4- U`$& 7#;;Wkae 1]&]C `)#/&[&%%kaX]

-1-,&/ $/(,7&/ UA#2B 0. )*0 "-2-006A- *22-7+G

A#2B ('B 60 "-.3'*" X h0)] /)6'*5-'()6* i U$*02 ]X 75>#+ $&1+PC ;&/-(+C >#+C >#+91+4C

75>#+91+4H U1-$]X [(>#+C [(>#+91+4 h0)]

*7+)"#(#'#.8@ ()6'*7+)"#(62 i

5-5#%%W 4(&-C 1+0%54& $(,7 \

U$*02 ]X P(4H U1-$]X P(44&-- UA#2B h0)] +)-#'#.8@ *+)-60+ i

A5/1+P ,7& *%#--10#% #P& ,7& P(4- [&/& 1+!(9&4 5-1+P ,7& !(0#,1!& ;%5/#%

5+,1% ,7& ;&/1(4 () g(1+& 8/&&9]

U$*02 ]X 7(/-&H U1-$]X >#/& h0)] )6((#5"#$-@/)6'6( i

-,(+& h0)] (*'-#'6+)62@ $#7#'6+)i ;#1+C P/1&) [#WC ;#,7C /(#4C I(5/+&W h0)] -=#530@ $-+)#5 i

/1!&/ h0)] )6((#(#+*$30 C K-0#(#+*$6* i I(WC 4&%1P7, U ("-(#06+6#7 .-76+6A- ;-1#"-

0$##+) ;"-*+)67.@ ;-1#"- "#3.) ;"-*+)67. X h0)]

*(#2*'8(0-@ *(#.--@ *(#'#.8 i () (+& /&P1(+ 1+,(

KE]


52/541

@/(> :%;7# ,( Y>&P#KQ f

FS#;63$#$

E;## U#&7#&6#$

#+ $&1+P]

?] N1-,&+C >#+k F&+4 W(5/ -1-,&/- #[#W )/(> ,7& 7(5-&k

K] Y P(4-C 1- P/1&) (+0& #P#1+ P(1+P ,( 07#-& I(W (5, () ,7& %#+4n

L] Z7&+ [& -7#%% 0(>>#+4C %&, ,7& 7(/-& 7#-,&+ I(W)5%%W 1+,( ,7&

/1!&/]

Z#493&G

Y5##73&G `%V$ 4&9 Y5##3&G Y3$>U:&-(;b- @#$%&


53/541

N&--(+ E f K<

P%64B=54;V ^#5A C%; 7># Z#493&G

7#$67*+6A- ('3"*' #1 * +)6"5H5-2'-706#7$*023'67- 7#37X

X *2230*+6A- ('3"*' #1 * +)6"5H

X

U%1+& DX ,7&W 4#+0& U+)6"5H(-"0#7 ('3"*' ("-0-7+ $655'-67562*+6A- #1 * 5-(#7-7+ A-";D+# ;- -=('*67-5 '*+-" X

U%1+& RX 1- U+)6"5H(-"0#7 067.3'*" ("-0-7+ 67562*+6A- #1 +)- A-";

E;-FG 6+ )*0 7# *22-7+ ;-2*30- 6+ 60 *7 -72'6+62D+# ;- -=('*67-5 '*+-" X


54/541


55/541

K?

N&--(+ MF&0(+4 A&0%&+-1(+

B&5,&/ B(5+-

:4I&0,1!&-

@1/-,JF&0(+4 A&0%&+-1(+

e*#&-#/b- 4W1+P [(/4- ,( ^/5,5-C O5(,&4 $W F5&,(+15- 1+ L3'630 M*-0*" MD

+(5+-] "7&W 41))&/ )/(> >#-05%1+&- (+%W 1+ ,7& +(>1+#,1!& U-1+P5%#/ #+4;%5/#%XC ,7& !(0#,1!& U-1+P5%#/ #+4 ;%5/#%XC #+4 ,7& #005-#,1!& ;%5/#%6

U#6%&9[2#65#&$3%& J#=7#; J%=&$

F1+P5%#/ U`P1),aX U`;%#+,aX N0)] >#-0] O N0)] >#-0] O

.%5/#% B(>1+#,1!& N0)] >#-0] O A#,1!& N0)] >#-0] O N0)] >#-0] O

\ 5%,1>#C #+4 ,7& 5%,1># () ,7& P&+1,1!& ;%5/#% 4(&- +(, 1+!#/1#$%W /&0&1!& #+ #0\

0&+, U-&& mK? () N&--(+ EX]

3+ -&0(+4\4&0%&+-1(+ +&5,&/- U1+ )#0,C 1+ &!&/W +&5,&/ +(5+ 1+ 8/&&9XC +(,(+%W #/& ,7& +(>1+#,1!&C #005-#,1!&C #+4 !(0#,1!& 14&+,10#% 1+ ,7& -1+P5%#/C

$5, ,7& -#>& ,7/&& 0#-&- #/& 14&+,10#% 1+ ,7& ;%5/#% #- [&%%] Z71%& ,71-4&0/-&- ,7& +5>$&/ () &+41+P- ,7#, W(5 +&&4 ,( >&>(/1_&C 1, 0(>;%10#,&- 0#++(, 1>>&41#,&%W ,&%%C (+ ,7& $#-1- () ,7& )(/> #%(+&C 7([ ,7& [(/4 1-

K=]


56/541

@/(> :%;7# ,( Y>&P#KK f

$&1+P 5-&4] l(5 >5-, %((9 #, ,7& /&-, () ,7& -&+,&+0& ,( #-0&/,#1+ [7&,7&/,7& +(5+ 1- ,7& -5$I&0,C ,7& 41/&0, ($I&0,C (/ ,7& #44/&--&&] *(>;#/& ,7&)(%%([1+P -&+,&+0&-6

1- 3+ ,7& ,71/4 -&+,&+0&C `,7& 7(/-&a 1- #005-#,1!& #+4 ,75- ,7& 41/&0, ($I&0,C

;&/-(+ $&1+P #44/&--&4 U!(0#,1!& 0#-&X]

4&0%&+-1(+ +&5,&/ +(5+- U#- 5-5#%C ,7&/& 1- +( !(0#,1!&X6

F1+P5%#/ B&5,&/ .%5/#% B&5,&/B(>1+#,1!& B(>1+#,1!& 8&+1,1!& 8&+1,1!& A#,1!& A#,1!&

:005-#,1!& :005-#,1!& %1-,&4 1+ ,7& (/4&/ >#-05%1+&C )&>1+1+&C +&5,&/6

F1+P5%#/ G#-0] @&>] B&5,] .%5/#% G#-0] @&>] B&5,]B(>1+#,1!& 8&+1,1!& A#,1!& :005-#,1!&

L5=;45 U=BX#67 :37> U3&G=54; P#;B1 Z7&+ # +&5,&/ +(5+ U() #+W 4&0%&+-1(+C+(, I5-, -&0(+4X 1- 5-&4 1+ ,7& ;%5/#% #- ,7& -5$I&0, () # -&+,&+0&C 8/&&94(&- -(>&,71+P ,7#, -&&>- 1%%(P10#%6 1, ;5,- ,7& >#1+ !&/$ () ,7& -&+,&+0&1+,( ,7& -1+P5%#/] "75- ,7& 8/&&9 !&/-1(+ () ,7& -&+,&+0& `"7& 071%4/&+ )*0 7(/-&-]a Y+0& 1+ # [71%&C ,( -,/&-- ,7#, ,7& -5$I&0, 0(+-1-,- () >(/& ,7#+ (+&1+41!145#%C # ;%5/#% !&/$ >#W $& 5-&4C $5, >(-, () ,7& ,1>& # +&5,&/ ;%5/#%-5$I&0, 1- /&P#/4&4 #- # -1+P%& 0(%%&0,1!& 5+1,C /&O51/1+P # -1+P5%#/ !&/$]Z7&+ ,/#+-%#,1+P -&+,&+0&- 1+,( 8/&&9C W(5 -7(5%4 #--5>& ,7#, # +&5,&/;%5/#% -5$I&0, #+4 1,- !&/$ 4( +(, #P/&& 1+ +5>$&/]

@9X#673I#$] "71- 1- # P((4 ,1>& ,( 1+,/(450& #+(,7&/ () 8/&&9b- &1P7, ;#/,-

LQ]

L


57/541

N&--(+ M f KL

+(5+-C ,7&W #/& +(, `$(/+a [1,7 # ;#/,105%#/ P&+4&/H 1- >&/&%W #P&+4&/%&-- -,&> [#1,1+P )(/ #+ &+41+P ,7#, [1%% P1!& 1, P&+4&/ #- [&%% #-+5>$&/ #+4 0#-&]

"7&/& #/& ,[( ,W;&- () #4I&0,1!&- 1+ 8/&&9C ,7(-& [1,7 ,7& -#>& &+41+P-

F1+P5%#/ G#-0] @&>] B&5,] .%5/#% G#-0] @&>] B&5,]

A#,1!&

F1+P5%#/ G#-0] @&>] B&5,] .%5/#% G#-0] @&>] B&5,] A#,1!&

F1+P5%#/ G#-0] @&>] B&5,] .%5/#% G#-0] @&>] B&5,]

"7&-& #4I&0,1!& &+41+P- #/& # 0(>$1+#,1(+ () ,7& &+41+P- () -&0(+4\4&0%&+-1(+

\

N19& +(5+-C #4I&0,1!&- 7#!& ;&/-1-,&+, #00&+,6 ,7& ;/&)&//&4 %(0#,1(+ )(/ ,7& #00&+,

@ #+4 -&0(+4\4&0%&+-1(+ +(5+-] "7& 5%,1># 1- #00&+,&4C 7([&!&/C (+%W 1) 1, 1- ,7&

;/&)&//&4 %(0#,1(+ )(/ ,7& #00&+,H ,75-C 1+ ,7& )&>1+1+& P&+1,1!& ;%5/#%C ,7& #00&+,

8/&&9 %&210# 4( +(, ,&%% W(5 &2;%101,%W ,7#, # [(/4 1- #+ #4I&0,1!&H 1+-, ,7&W

-1>;%W %1-, 1,- ,7/&& +(>1+#,1!& -1+P5%#/ )(/>- 1+ #+ #$$/&!1#,&4 [#W6 &]P]C


58/541

@/(> :%;7# ,( Y>&P#KR f

@G;##K#&7 ] : +(5+ #+4 1,- #4I&0,1!& >5-, #P/&& [1,7 (,7&/] "71- 4(&-+(, >+ ,7#, ,7& ,[( [(/4- >5-, 7#!& ,7& -#>& &+41+P] 3, >+- (+%W,7#, ,7& #4I&0,1!&b- &+41+P >5-, 1+410#,& ,7& P&+4&/C +5>$&/C #+4 0#-& ()

071%4 1- -%&&;1+PaH 7&/& `P((4a 1- #+ #,,/1$5,& () ,7& 071%4C #+4 ,7& ;(-1,1(+

0%/X] :+ #,,/1$5,1!& #4I&0,1!& #+4 1,- +(5+ ,(P&,7&/ )(/> # +(5+ ;7/#-&C[7107 0#+ )5+0,1(+ #- ,7& -5$I&0, (/ ,7& ($I&0, () ,7& -&+,&+0& (/ 1+ #+W(,7&/ [#W 1+ [7107 ,7& +(5+ $W 1,-&%) 0#+]

#4I&0,1!& 1+ $&1+P ;#/, () ,7& !&/$#% 14 U1]&]C [7#, 1- $&1+P ;/&410#,&4X 1+,7& -&+,&+0&] "7& ;/&410#,& #4I&0,1!& [(/9- [1,7 # %1+91+P !&/$ ,( 4&-0/1$&,7& -5$I&0, U&]P]C `,7& 071%4 1- P((4aH 7&/& ,7& %1+91+P !&/$ `1-a &O5#,&- ,7&-5$I&0, [1,7 ,7& ;/&410#,& #4I&0,1!&X]

@77;3B=73I# L%$373%&

,71- 1- I5-, (+& () ,7/&& ;(--1$%& ;(-1,1(+- )(/ ,7& #,,/1$5,1!& #4I&0,1!&6

`,7& P((4 071%4a U%1,&/#%%WC `,7& 071%4e,7&P((4 (+&aX

`,7& P((4 071%4a U%1,&/#%%WC `# 071%4e,7& (+&,7#,b- P((4aX

+(5+C 1- ,7& >(-, 0(>>(+ #+4 ;5,- &>;7#-1- (+ ,7& #4I&0,1!&] 3, 1- +(, (+& 1+ )/(+, () ,7& +(5+e>5-, $& #44&4 1+ )/(+, () ,7& #4I&0,1!&] Z1,7 ,71-[(/4 (/4&/ ,7& -;&/ 0#+ P1!& P/,&/ &>;7#-1- ,( ,7& +(5+] Y00#-1(+#%%WC #,,/1$5,1!& #4I&0,1!& ,( 0%#/1)W ,7& ,7(5P7,]

L;#93647# L%$373%&

;/&410#,& ;(-1,1(+] V&/& #/& ,[( &2#>;%&-6

L?]

LK]


59/541

N&--(+ M f KE

] `"7& 071%4 h1-i P((4]a

:%,7(5P7 ,7& ;/&410#,& #4I&0,1!& >(-, (),&+ )(%%([- ,7& +(5+ ,7#, 1,

,7& %1+91+P !&/$ [7&+ 1, 1- # )(/> () `$&Ca -(C #- W(5 0#+ -&& )/(> ,7&&2#>;%&-C # 0(>;%&,& -&+,&+0& >#W 0(+-1-, () I5-, #+ #/,10%&C # +(5+C #+4 #;/&410#,& #+ #,,/1$5,1!& #4I&0,1!& 1- #%[#W- # >&/& ;7/#-&C +&!&/ # 0(>;%&,& -&+,&+0&]

-;&/ 1+,&+4- ,7& [(/4- #- # +(5+ ;7/#-& U[1,7 #+ #,,/1$5,1!& #4I&0,1!&X(/ #- # 0(>;%&,& -&+,&+0& U[1,7 # ;/&410#,& #4I&0,1!&X] *7#+P1+P ,7& [(/4(/4&/ U#4I&0,1!&\+(5+C +(5+\#4I&0,1!&X [1%% #))&0, ,7& &>;7#-1- $5, +(, ,7&

$#-10 >+1+P6

* (/ *7 7#- ,( $& #44&4 $&)(/& # -1+P5%#/ +(5+ ,( >#9&

L;#93647# J%=&$] : %1+91+P !&/$ >#W &O5#,& ,7& -5$I&0, [1,7 # ;/&410#,&+(5+ /#,7&/ ,7#+ [1,7 # ;/&410#,& #4I&0,1!&] : ;/&410#,& +(5+ #%[#W- 7#-,7& -#>& 0#-& U+(>1+#,1!&X #- ,7& -5$I&0, -1+0& ,7& ,[( +(5+- #/& ;#/#%%&%

,( (,7&/C $5, 1, /&,#1+- 1,- ([+ P&+4&/ #+4 +5>$&/] 3+ 8/&&9 1, 1- 41-,1+P51-7 ,7& ;/&410#,& +(5+ )/(> ,7& -5$I&0,C $5, 1, #%-( %!&- #>$1P5(5-

P%64B=54;V

Documents

From Alpha to Omega - A Beginning Course in Classical Greek