FROM COLONY TO

INDPENDENT NATION

Quiz: Wednesday! Aztecs, Incas, Cuban

Revolution, Zapatista Movement, Independence

Movements!

HW: finish notes and complete Multi-Level

Review

Tomorrow: We begin Government

GEORGIA PERFORMANCE STANDARD

SS6H2: The student will explain the

development of Latin America and

the Caribbean from European

colonies to independent nations. C. Explain the Latin America independence

movement; include the importance of

Toussaint L’Ouverture, Simon Bolivar, and

Miguel Hildalgo.

EARLY HISTORY

The governments of

Spain and Portugal

ruled most of Latin

America for nearly three

hundred years. There

had been several battles

for control of the land

and the people being

ruled by the Europeans

often grew restless.

They often thought

about what it would be

like to be free.

EARLY HISTORY CONTINUED….

The American Revolution gave some Latin

Americans the idea that they too could be free.

The French Revolution in Europe also proved

that the kings and queens of Europe could be

overcome.

These events encouraged Latin Americans in the

belief that they might be able to overcome their

European rulers.

TOUSSAINT L’OUVERTURE

Toussaint L’Ouverture was a famous black

freedom fighter.

He was a major leader of the slave revolts in

Saint Dominigue (present day Haiti)

He was later made governor of Saint Dominigue

Toussaint led a slave army and defeated French

troops

Toussaint was later captured, arrested and sent

to France.

Two years following his death the people of Saint

Dominigue declared their independence and

renamed their country Haiti

SIMON BOLIVAR

Simon Bolivar was a leader in the wars for independence in South America.

He and other leaders fought against Spanish rule.

They wanted independence for all people of Latin America

He led different groups of troops against Spanish rule

He was able to defeat the Spanish in 1824 and end Spanish rule in South America

Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela won their independence through his efforts

The country of Bolivia was named after Bolivar, and he wrote a constitution to organize the country

MIGUEL HIDALGO

Miguel Hidalgo is known as the

father of Mexican Independence.

He was a priest who led a peasant

army against the Spanish army in

Mexico, which was then called New

Spain

His force won some victories but

Hidalgo did not live to see

independence

3 ITEM COMPARISON GRAPHIC

ORGANIZER

Simon Bolivar

Miguel Hidalgo

Toussaint L’Ouverture

GEORGIA PERFORMANCE STANDARD

SS6H3: The student will analyze the

important 20th century issues in

Latin America and the Caribbean

CUBAN REVOLUTION

Cuba is an island nation located ninety miles

south of Florida. For most of the twentieth

century, it had political problems. Leaders came

to power and then were thrown out by others. At

the same time, American businesses were trading

with Cuba. In fact, much of Cuba’s trade with

other countries was with the United States.

American companies owned a large amount of

land in the country. Most of Cuba’s sugar cane

crop was sold to America. In the late 1950’s, a

change in leadership took place there.

Fidel Castro became dictator, creating the only

communist country in the western hemisphere.

CUBAN REVOLUTION CONTINUED….

Castro’s power was such that the ruled for nearly fifty

years.

In the late 1950’s, Fulgencio Batista was he ruler of Cuba.

He had been elected president at one time, but he later

made himself dictator. That meant that he ruled without

any controls on his power. Many people in Cuba were

unhappy with his rule.

There was much poverty. Education and health care were

not good for most Cubans. Fidel Castro led a group of

rebels against Batista. Because Batista was so unpopular,

many followed Castro. Castro defeated the Batista

government and made himself dictator in 1959

CUBAN REVOLUTION CONTINUED….

Castro began right away to organize a communist

government. He declared that all the property belonging to

Americans now belonged to the government. All farms,

factories, and businesses owned by Cubans also became

government property.

Castro had people who supported Batista arrested. Most

were executed by firing squad. Some spent decades in

prison. Cubans no longer had the right to protest against

the government. Cuban newspapers, radio, and television

were shut down. The government became the only source

for news.

Churches were closed, and all church property was taken

by the government.

CUBAN REVOLUTION CONTINUED….

Because of these harsh events, the United States

placed an embargo on Cuban goods. That meant

that Cuba’s sugar cane crop could not be sold to

the United States.

The Soviet Union became friends with Cuba.

They bought the country’s sugar cane each year.

They also supplied weapons and other goods to

the Cubans. The Soviets helped to educate young

Cubans and trained their military.

Under Castro’s rule, the Cuban people had some

benefits. Hospitals and schools were improved.

Women and blacks became better educated and

had better jobs. However, most parts of people’s

lives were controlled by the government.

CUBAN REVOLUTION

People who practiced their Christian religion

were discriminated against. Although everyone

was guaranteed a wage, the income of most

Cubans was low. The country was one of the

poorest in the region. Its people live in one of the

least free countries in the world.

Castro’s Government and the U.S. government

did not get along well. The United States did not

like having a communist country so close to

Florida. Americans who owned land and

businesses in Cuba did not like the lost of their

property the Untied States decide to keep the

pressure on Cuba.

It did not allow any travel by Americans to or

from Cuba

CUBAN REVOLUTION

It also tried to keep other countries from trading

with the Cubans

Cuba tried to spread communism into Latin

America. It supported revolutionary ideas in

many countries by providing military training,

money and weapons. One event, the Cuban

Missile Crisis, almost started a nuclear war. In

1962, Cuba gave the Soviet Union permission to

build a missile launching complex. Missiles

launched from the site could reach the U.S. cities.

U.S. President John F. Kennedy demanded the

missiles be removed. A tense time followed.

Finally, the Soviets agreed to remove the

missiles, and the United States said it would not

invade Cuba.

Knowledge/Comprehension

1. Who took over as dictator of Cuba in 1959?

MULTI-LEVEL

QUESTION

REVIEW

Application

2. Do you know of another instance where the

government was overthrown?

Analysis

3. How is the Cuban Revolution similar

to other independence movements in

Latin America?

Synthesis

4. Create an alternative ending to the Cuban

Revolution

Evaluation

5. What do you think about the Cuban

Revolution

COMPARE AND CONTRAST

Compare Fidel Castro to one of the Independence

leaders we have studied ( Toussaint L’ Oveture,

Simon Bolivar or Miguel Hidalgo)

ZAPATISTA GUERRILLA MOVEMENT IN MEXICO

The Zapatistas are a group of Mexicans who

support improved rights and living conditions for

Mexico’s indigenous people.

The group named after Emiliano Zapata, who

lived in the early 20th century and fought for the

rights of the native people. In the late 20th

century the Zapatistas were know for

harassment and sabotage against the

government.

On January 1st 1994, the North American Free

Trade Agreement (NAFTA) came into effect. This

was an agreement to allow free trade between

Canada, Mexico and the United States. Some

people in Mexico did not like this plan

ZAPATISTA GUERRILLA MOVEMENTS

CONTINUED….

They thought that NAFTA would allow cheap farm

goods to come into Mexico from the United States

The farmers of Mexico would not be able to compete

with the cheaper food.

On the day that NAFTA took effect, a group of

Mexicans called the Zapatistas took over several

towns in their part of Mexico. The army was sent to

remove the Zapatista. Fighting lasted for several

weeks. A cease-fire finally ended the fighting;

however the Zapatista did not go away.

The Zapatistas still have control of some small parts

of southern Mexico. The Zapatista argue that the

indigenous people of Mexico need more help to

improve health care, housing, education and jobs