The Geological and Geophysical (G&G) process involves the study of the earth and gathering of data to discover favorable locations for oil and natural gas accumulation. After a seismic (sound waves) survey is acquired, the information is processed and interpreted as a part of the prospect-evaluation process. Geoscientists then decide whether conditions are favorable to drill for oil or natural gas.

If a prospect is identified based on the study of the data, then a drill site needs to be determined and the rights to drill and produce minerals must be acquired. The land operations team works with the land owner(s) and government entities to acquire these permissions.

Geologists, geophysicists, engineers and the operations teams work together to determine the exact spot to drill a well. Once construction of the drill site is completed and the drilling rig is brought on location, the operator will then begin drilling the well.

From Geology to Market: Exploration & Production

Geological and Geophysical

Geological and Geophysical

Geological and Geophysical

Land LeasingLand LeasingLand Leasing

ConstructionConstructionConstruction

ProductionProductionProductionDrillingDrillingDrilling

Hydraulic FracturingHydraulic FracturingHydraulic Fracturing

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OilOilOil

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After a well has been drilled to the predetermined depth and producing formations have been evaluated and tested, the drilling rig is removed and replaced with equipment for hydraulic fracturing, also called completion. Following hydraulic fracturing, permanent equipment will be installed for the production of oil and/or natural gas.

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4Oil and natural gas are gathered from the field locations and stored in tanks. It is held there until ready for processing. At the processing plant or refinery, the oil and natural gas are separated into various petroleum products.

After processing, products are marketed and transported to the consumer, including you. This energy may be used to heat your home, fuel your car or make thousands of consumer products we all use every day.

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When a well begins producing, reclamation crews shape and re-vegetate land around the wellhead to blend with its natural surroundings. When production is complete, crews begin restoration work to return the land to its original state prior to operations, which includes stabilizing the site and planting vegetation, crops or native grass seeds.

ReclamationReclamationReclamationMarketing and TransportationMarketing and TransportationMarketing and Transportation

StorageStorageStorage

CompressionCompressionCompression

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Once a well has been drilled and completed, the production phase begins. A safe, environmentally sound system, specific to the characteristics of the well, will be installed during the completion phase that enables production of the oil and/or natural gas in the most efficient and economic manner possible.

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Natural GasProcess Involving Both Oil & Natural Gas Oil

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