11stst ITRUS meeting, ITRUS meeting, Paris 30 June 2009TUC Slide 1 of total 9

Technology Innovation in Underground ConstructionSixth framework program

of the European Union

From geology to spatial models for simulations and TBM’s

George Exadaktylos Laboratory of Mining Engineering Design, Greece

Maria StavropoulouUOA, Greece

We aim at the transformation of the conceptual qualitative geological model (left) to the spatial model of each parameter needed either by the numerical model or the tunnel excavation machine (right) or for risk analysis or visualization

Objectives

“underground construction environment model”

Also for visualization by the publicAlso for visualization by the public

11stst ITRUS meeting, ITRUS meeting, Paris 30 June 2009TUC Slide 2 of total 9

Technology Innovation in Underground ConstructionSixth framework program

of the European Union

Developed concepts & IT tools for this transformation

Exploitation

1. The concept and tool of the web-driven, relational rock mechanics database (RMDB) that could become an add-on database of any numerical code for rock parameters selection by modeler. Applicability of RMDB has been extended to the rock masses by using the concept of the “Damage Mechanics”. These developments should be contrasted for example with PHASES-RockLab tools developed by the Rockscience group. Extended for soil mechanics applications (standardization of rock and soil mechanical testing)

2. The new Geostatistics package KRIGSTAT for 1D, 2D & 3D spatial analysis and interpolation through kriging (co-kriging) or simulation of geotechnical parameters inside each geological formation with evaluation of uncertainty of predictions. This software could be combined with the concept of “Discretized geological modeling” developed to feed directly numerical simulation tools, as well as Risk Analysis & Reliability Analysis software.

3. The new CUTTING_CALC software for excavation performance analysis & optimization of TBM’s & Roadheaders. The concept of transformation of “geological model” into “machine performance model”.

-The new software KRIGSTAT may be a stand-alone application or add-on of a commercial numerical code or risk analysis software.-CUTTING_CALC code may be add-on of tunneling machines or for work nearly real-time in the office.-The RMDB could be also exploited to become a useful tool for selecting rock mechanical parameters at the pre-design & design stages of an underground excavation (combined with numerical software).

11stst ITRUS meeting, ITRUS meeting, Paris 30 June 2009TUC Slide 3 of total 9

Technology Innovation in Underground ConstructionSixth framework program

of the European Union

Case study: Mas-Blau EPB tunnel in soft soil formations

2) Ordinary Kriging2) Ordinary Kriging

3) Annealing (stochastic simulation)3) Annealing (stochastic simulation)

Screenshot of KRIGSTAT codeScreenshot of KRIGSTAT code

1) Indicator Kriging1) Indicator Kriging

20 0

1

( ) ( )n

OK i ii

x x x

4) Prediction error or4) Prediction error or uncertaintyuncertainty

11stst ITRUS meeting, ITRUS meeting, Paris 30 June 2009TUC Slide 4 of total 9

Technology Innovation in Underground ConstructionSixth framework program

of the European Union

V

PtSE

1

SESE22 (MPa) calculation (MPa) calculation

Traces of knives,Traces of knives,calculate S=10 cmcalculate S=10 cm

pS

F

pS

F

V

FSE s

T

TsTs

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EPB head designEPB head design Knives designKnives design

y = 0.9877x

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SE1 [MPa]

SE

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Pa]

SE2Linear (SE2)

1) Specific Energy of soil cutting1) Specific Energy of soil cutting

11stst ITRUS meeting, ITRUS meeting, Paris 30 June 2009TUC Slide 5 of total 9

Technology Innovation in Underground ConstructionSixth framework program

of the European Union

Plasticity slip-line analytical model for soil cuttingPlasticity slip-line analytical model for soil cutting

0

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5500 5550 5600 5650 5700 5750 5800 5850 5900 5950 6000

Chainage, x [m]

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esio

n, c

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a]

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bab

ility

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inverse model estimation from SE

Penetration depth, p

kriging_estimation

Probability being on QL3 layer%

- Undrained conditions during cutting- Undrained conditions during cutting- Undrained pore pressure drop- Undrained pore pressure drop ppbb-p-p00 is very large is very large- SE independent of pSE independent of p00; only function of p; only function of pmm

S

pe

cSE

24tantantan

2tan

1

tan

1

24tan

sin1

cos22tan

tansn FF

1

1

fCp

)/4( vD

p

11stst ITRUS meeting, ITRUS meeting, Paris 30 June 2009TUC Slide 6 of total 9

Technology Innovation in Underground ConstructionSixth framework program

of the European Union

Screw conveyor modelScrew conveyor model

0.0

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rque

[kN

m]

Series1

Series2

11stst ITRUS meeting, ITRUS meeting, Paris 30 June 2009TUC Slide 7 of total 9

Technology Innovation in Underground ConstructionSixth framework program

of the European Union

Model calibration procedures in the RMDB

UpscalingUpscalingFailure criterionFailure criterion

DamageDamage

11stst ITRUS meeting, ITRUS meeting, Paris 30 June 2009TUC Slide 8 of total 9

Technology Innovation in Underground ConstructionSixth framework program

of the European Union

RMDB structure & web-application

11stst ITRUS meeting, ITRUS meeting, Paris 30 June 2009TUC Slide 9 of total 9

Technology Innovation in Underground ConstructionSixth framework program

of the European Union

11stst ITRUS meeting, ITRUS meeting, Paris 30 June 2009TUC Slide 10 of total 9

Technology Innovation in Underground ConstructionSixth framework program

of the European Union

main items for modern tunneling are risk reduction for workers and neighbourhood in urban areas, better production rates and less stops due to unexpected events or wear is also of interest, lowering costs and offering the infrastructures earlier to public (reduces social cost).

Ideas on the development of industrial systems for forecasting subsidence and visualisation.- Define and improve types of data adquisition, use of sensor networks, create homogeneous protocols, provide decision making tools.

11stst ITRUS meeting, ITRUS meeting, Paris 30 June 2009TUC Slide 11 of total 9

Technology Innovation in Underground ConstructionSixth framework program

of the European Union

On the development of the “Cutting Efficiency Mapping System (CEMS)” for

Roadheaders (RH)George Exadaktylos & George Xiroudakis

TUC Laboratory of Mining Engineering Design

Greece

Maria StavropoulouUOA

Greece

11stst ITRUS meeting, ITRUS meeting, Paris 30 June 2009TUC Slide 12 of total 9

Technology Innovation in Underground ConstructionSixth framework program

of the European Union

Objectives- Develop a “Cutting Efficiency Mapping System (CEMS)” using RH logged data and fast analytical algorithms (TUC).- Testing CEMS with the new roadheader prototype (Sandvik-TUC).

Benefits

Exploitation

-Further exploitation of new RH automations such as “Guidance System”, Sandvik – Geodata for continuous monitoring of the position of RH.-Shift by shift monitoring of RH’s performance and ground strength.-Prediction of RH’s performance (energy consumption-advance rate) from geological and rock mechanics test data already at the design phase.

-The new software may be added on the RH for the continuous monitoring of its performance or for rock mass characterization.- Also, the software maybe used for the optimization of excavation efficiency of a RH by selecting the best operational parameters or head design under given geological conditions.

11stst ITRUS meeting, ITRUS meeting, Paris 30 June 2009TUC Slide 13 of total 9

Technology Innovation in Underground ConstructionSixth framework program

of the European Union

Example case study: Montreal, Quebec, Canada metro tunnel

Left: Transformed geological model in kWh/m3 of the Montreal metro case

(Simulation Annealing Module of KRIGSTAT software).

Comparison of lithology (left), SE estimation from geostatistical analysis with KRIGSTAT

& from the analytical formula (middle), and

from registered machine data (right)(SE=Specific Energy in kWh/m3).

11stst ITRUS meeting, ITRUS meeting, Paris 30 June 2009TUC Slide 14 of total 9

Technology Innovation in Underground ConstructionSixth framework program

of the European Union

Developed modeling frameworka. Geostatistical code KRIGSTATb. New analytical performance model for RH (calculation of cutting geometry, cutting forces and specific energy of cutting considering the “size effect”)c. Implementation of analytical relations and part of the geostatistical model in the form of RH’s add-on software

Left fig.: KRIGSTAT Right fig.: Cutting_calc algorithm