From Republicanism to Democracy The Age of Jackson Government
reflected the belief in the Equality of Man. Degler Forces of
Change
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Essential Question: Essential Question: Champion of the Common
Man? King Andrew? OR
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"Andrew Jackson, I am given to understand, was a patriot and a
traitor. He was one of the greatest of generals, and wholly
ignorant of the art of war. A writer brilliant, elegant, eloquent,
and without being able to compose a correct sentence, or spell
words of four syllables. The first of statesmen, he never devised,
he never framed a measure. He was the most candid of men, and was
capable of the profoundest dissimulation. A most law-defying,
law-obeying citizen. A stickler for discipline, he never hesitated
to disobey his superior. A democratic aristocrat. An urbane savage.
An atrocious saint. James Parton, Father of the American Biography,
1830s
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Voting Requirements in the Early 19c
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Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860
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Campaigning on the Stump
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Changes of Andrew Jacksons Presidency President is viewed as a
representative of the people. He is seen as an expression of the
democratic spirit of them as well Shown by Jacksons incredible use
of the veto: doing the will of the people End to only the rich
having a stake- in-society
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Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon
achievements. new belief that all classes can participate
fully
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Why increased Democratization? White male suffrage given to
all. Spoils system/Rotation in Office Rise of Third Parties
Two-party system returned in the 1832 election: Dem-Reps Natl.
Reps.(1828) Whigs (1832) Republicans (1854) Democrats (1828)
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Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.)
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Caucus Caucus ---small group of individuals who would choose a
candidate Convention Convention ---members from the political
parties nominate a candidate. Eliminated, King Caucus Direct
Primary Direct Primary ---allow registered voters to participate in
choosing a candidate 1790 to 1828 1828 to 1900 Current System Used
Party nominating committees. Voters chose their states slate of
Presidential electors.
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Which changes of Jacksonian Democracy would you consider to be
positive? Which would be negative? Which changes are still with us
today?
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Jackson as Satan Dangles the Spoils of Victory over his
Supporters
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The Reign of King Mob
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Tariff Battles Tariff of 1816 on imports of cheap textiles.
Tariff of 1824 on iron goods and more expensive woolen and cotton
imports. Tariff of 1828 higher tariffs on imported raw materials
[like wool & hemp]. Supported by Jacksonians to gain votes from
farmers in NY, OH, KY. The South alone was adamantly against it. As
producers of the worlds cheapest cotton, it did not need a
protective tariff. They were negatively impacted American textiles
and iron goods [or the taxed English goods] were more
expensive!
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The Webster-Hayne Debate Sen. Daniel Webster [MA] Sen. Robert
Hayne [SC] Federal government versus States right debate continues!
Hayne mentions nullification.
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Votes in the House for the Tariff of AbominationTariff of
1828
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The Nullification Crisis Jackson favored states rightsbut not
if it would lead to disunion Tariff of 1832 was passed which
further upset the South South Carolina chose to follow VP John C.
Calhouns (SC) nullification theory 1832-SC held a special
convention to nullify the Tariff of Abominations and the new tariff
passed in 1832 States that both Tariffs are unconstitutional SC
passed a resolution forbidding the collection of Tariffs
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Jacksons response Response Told Secretary of War to prepare for
military action Persuaded congress to pass a Force Bill giving the
president authority to take military action in SC Issued a
proclamation to the people of SC stating that nullification and
disunion were treason RESULTS: Jackson opened the door for
compromise by suggesting to congress that they lower the tariff Did
not send in federal troops SC postponed nullification and later
formally rescinded it
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CherokeesCherokees Soon after the creation of the USA, many
Cherokee felt that the only way to save their land, was by
following Jeffersons advice They created an alphabet and learned
how to read and write They farmed and set up towns with meetings
and elected mayors
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The Cherokee Constitution We, the people of the Cherokee
Nation, in National Convention assembled, in order to establish
justice, insure tranquility, promote the common welfare, and secure
to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of freedom
acknowledging, with humility and gratitude, the goodness of the
Sovereign Ruler of the Universe in permitting us so to do, and
imploring His aid and guidance in its accomplishment--do ordain and
establish this Constitution for the government of the Cherokee
Nation.
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Indian Removal What was Jacksons Goal for the land? 1830 Indian
Removal Act Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) Worcester v. GA (1832)
Jackson: John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce
it!
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Indian Removal Act of 1830
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Trail of Tears
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Should Jackson be criticized for pushing the Indians off their
land? Or is he forgiven since this was a commonly held opinion of
the Native American people at that time?
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An 1832 Cartoon: King Andrew? Why was Jackson referred to as
King? Is this accurate? Why, Why not? An 1832 Cartoon: King Andrew?
Why was Jackson referred to as King? Is this accurate? Why, Why
not?
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Jacksons fight over the Second Bank of the United States
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The Second Bank of the U.S. Name is misleadingit was a private
bank that was granted a charter by the government It was a
storehouse for government/public funds and provided stability for
the ups and downs of the economy President was Nicholas Biddle who
ran the bank well; however many felt that he served the interests
of the wealthy Jackson felt this went against his idea of
democracyhe also felt that some of the branches supported Adams in
1828
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The Bank and the Election of 1832 Biddle was pushing for a bill
to renew the Banks Charter Jackson viewed this as an attempt to
block his re-election! Biddle & his associates preferred Clay.
Clay was Jacksons chief political rival Remember the Election of
1824? The Veto of the Maysville Road Project? Jackson vetoes the
bill on the grounds that the bank was unconstitutional (?) Nicholas
Biddle Nicholas Biddle [an arrogant aristocrat from
Philadelphia]
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Jackson is supported by many in the country who saw the bank as
favoring the wealthy Clays power play failed, and Jackson wins
re-election in a landslide Jackson feels this is his mandate to
quickly destroy the Bank 1832 Election Results
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The Monster Is Destroyed ! Jackson withdraws federal funds from
the BUS and puts them in pet banks (state banks that he favored) He
fired two Treasury Secretarys and is censured by the Congress 1836
the charter expired. 1841 the bank went bankrupt!
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The Downfall of Mother Bank
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The Specie Circular (1836) Due to Jacksons pet banks, and
speculation in western lands, rampant inflation affected the
country Jackson decides to issue the SC Required future purchases
of federal lands be made only in gold or silver Jacksons goal is to
curb land speculation and slow inflation
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Results of the Specie Circular $Banknotes lose their value.
$Land sales plummeted. $Banks stop lending money. $Businesses began
to fail. $Unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837 The Panic of
1837
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The Panic of 1837 Hits Everyone! IT IS ANDREW JACKSONS
FAULT!!!!!!
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Would you consider Jackson to be one of the Top 10 Presidents
of all time? Why or Why not?
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Reduction in credit started in England and spread to America
Led to a number of bank failures
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1837 After 8 years as President I have only two regrets: That I
have not shot Henry Clay, or hanged John C. Calhoun.
