From Requirements toFrom Requirements to Code: …€¦ · From Requirements toFrom Requirements to Code: A Full Model-Driven Dl tP tiDevelopment Perspective Óscar Pastor LópezÓscar

From Requirements toFrom Requirements to Code: A Full Model-Driven D l t P tiDevelopment Perspective

Óscar Pastor LópezÓscar Pastor López

Centro de Investigación en Métodos de Producción de Software (ProS)Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaC i d V / 46071 V l i E ñ (S i )Camino de Vera s/n, 46071 Valencia, España (Spain)[email protected]: +34 96 387 7000, Fax: +34 96 3877359

SYSTEMATIC APPROACHMETHODOLOGICAL GUIDANCE

MODELLING TECHNIQUES OFFER!!!TAKE 3 PAY 2METHODOLOGICAL GUIDANCETAKE 3, PAY 2

CRITERIAYET ANOTHER

METHODNICE & CHEAP NICE & CHEAP

Business process modelling (BPM) Specification of the (current and/or proposed) enterprise processes.

Important practice in Requirements Engineering and Software Engineering

Multiple BPM techniques

P t i N tMerodeBPMN

IDEF0DFD

Use Cases TaxisPetri Nets SADT

PSL/PSA

Merode

DFDNIAM Merise Workflow

REVS ISACS UML Activity Diagrams

Business process modelling (BPM) Specification of the (current and/or proposed) enterprise processes.

Important practice in Requirements Engineering and Software Engineering

Multiple BPM techniques

N t tiTh ti l M th d l i lNotation

MODELLING

Theoreticalunderpinning

Methodologicalguidance

MODELLING PRIMITIVESCONCEPTS CRITERIA

OLIVANOVA

CONCEPTUAL MODELLING The OLIVANOVA approach: Conceptual modellingCLASS

DIAGRAMATION

▪ Object Model

▪ Dynamic ModelDYNAMIC

DIAGRAMATION

▪ Functional Model

▪ Presentation Model

Model compilation

FUNCTIONALDIAGRAMATION

PRESENTATION Model compilation

PRO

BLE

M

SPA

CE

PRESENTATIONDIAGRAMATION

LUTI

ON

SPA

CEMODEL COMPILATION

FINAL APPLICATION SOL

INTERFACE LAYER

BUSINESS LAYER

PERSISTENCE LAYER

5

REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING

(1) STRATEGIC

Communication Analysis

Communication Analysis: Requirements engineering

(1) STRATEGIC DESCRIPTION OF ORGANISATION

approach for information systems

Provides a requirements structure(2) COMMUNICATIVE

EVENT DIAGRAMATION

(3) BUSINESS OBJECTS

IDENTIFICATION

Provides a flow of activities(5) BUSINESS

OBJECTS(4) COMMUNICATIVE

EVENT BLE

M

E

The OLIVANOVA approach: Conceptual modelling

OBJECTS SPECIFICATION

EVENT SPECIFICATION

OLIVANOVAPR

OB

SPA

CN E

▪ Object Model

▪ Dynamic Model

F ti l M d l

O OSO

LUTI

ON

SPA

CE

CONCEPTUAL MODELLING

▪ Functional Model

▪ Presentation Model

Model compilationMODEL COMPILATION

Model compilation

6

FINAL APPLICATION

Good practices in IS requirements Engineering: Offer external view of the IS.

A communicational approach to IS analysis.

Offer external view of the IS.

pp y

interactionscommunicative

i interactionscommunicativeinteractionsrequirements

specificationinteractions



Differentiate problem space vs. solution space.

Problem spacemessage

Solution spacepin person web form



Differentiate problem space vs. solution space.

(Stepwise) refinement of complex systems.

Wise (stepwise) refinement of complex systems

L1. System /L1. System /

Subsystems

L2L2

System /subsystemsSystem /subsystems

space

space

C i iL2.ProcessL2.Process

L3L3Prob

lem s

Prob

lem s

Logical eventsCommunicative events( )

L3.Communicative interaction


PP

Physical eventsL4. Usage environment

L4. Usage environment

space

space

Physical events

L5. Operational environment

L5. Operational environmentSo

lutio

n Solutio

n

An observer wants to interpret a domain.(e.g. an analyst wants to understand and model organisational processes)

A set of concepts is the result of the interpreting action. Concepts are structured by composition relations (part‐of).

Conception of Communication Analysis Stems from research on IS fundamental concepts

▪ Extension of the FRISCO report.

Evolves in collaboration with industry▪ Valencia Port Authority

▪ Infrastructure and Transport Ministry of the Valencian Regional Government

▪ Anecoop S. Coop. (2nd grade cooperative that aggregates +100 agricultural cooperatives)cooperatives)

Requirements structure and method activitiesl

(1) STRATEGIC DESCRIPTION OF

Requirements levels Communication Analysis activitiesDynamic perception Static perception

L1. System/L1. System/ DESCRIPTION OF

ORGANISATION

COMMUNICATIVE (2)COMMUNICATIVE (3) BUSINESS

PROBLEMDECOMPOSITION

L2L2

System/subsystemsSystem/subsystems

space

space

( )EVENT

DIAGRAMATION

( )OBJECTS

IDENTIFICATIONCOMMUNICATIVE EVENT DIAGRAM

BUSINESS OBJECT GLOSSARY

L2.ProcessL2.Process

L3L3Prob

lem s

Prob

lem s


SPECIFICATION

(4)COMMUNICATIVE EVENT

SPECIFICATIONCOMMUNICATIVE EVENT TEMPLATES

DETAILED B.O.G.



PP

(6) USAGE REQ. CAPTURE AND

INTERFACE DESIGN

(7) OBJECT CLASSES

MODELLING

S

INTERFACE I S MEMORY



space

space

IMPLEMENTATION

COMPONENT DESIGN LOGICAL DESIGN

INTERFACE DESIGN MODEL

I.S. MEMORY MODEL



lutio

n Solutio

n

IMPLEMENTATION

LEGEND Activity Influence Outcome ProductionLEGEND Activity Influence Outcome Production

Activity 1. Strategic description of organisation.

Describe the Organisational System from a strategic p.o.v

Decompose the problemL1. System/L1. System/ Decompose the problem

L2L2


space

space • Customer Service Departments (salesmen)

• Production Department (clerks)L2.ProcessL2.Process

L3L3Prob

lem s

Prob

lem s oduct o epa t e t (c e s)

• Accounting Department (accountant)• Management Board

Strategic business indicatorsL3.Communicative interaction


PP

• Increase in the number of photographersL4. Usage environment


space

space

• Increase in the number of photographers• Increase in the number of exclusives• Cash flow

tL5. Operational environment


lutio

n Solutio

n • etc.





ORGANISATION



L2L2


space

space

( )EVENT

DIAGRAMATION

( )OBJECTS




L3L3Prob

lem s

Prob

lem s


SPECIFICATION



DETAILED B.O.G.



PP


INTERFACE DESIGN

(7) OBJECT CLASSES

MODELLING

S




space

space

IMPLEMENTATION



I.S. MEMORY MODEL



lutio

n Solutio

n

IMPLEMENTATION


Activity 2. Communicative event diagramation

Communicative interaction. Interaction between actors in order to exchange information.L1.

System/L1. System/ ▪ Ingoing communicative interaction primarily feed the IS memory

with new meaningful information.

▪ Outgoing communicative interaction primarily consult IS memoryL2L2


space

space

▪ Outgoing communicative interaction primarily consult IS memory.L2.ProcessL2.Process

L3L3Prob

lem s

Prob

lem s

Communicative event. An ingoing communicative interaction that fulfils the following unity criteria.L3.

Communicative interaction


PP interaction that fulfils the following unity criteria.



space

space



lutio

n Solutio

n

[ISO 1982] Extended from [FRISCO 1998]

Activity 2. Communicative event diagramation

L1. System/L1. System/

Communicative event. An ingoing communicative interaction that fulfils the following unity criteria.

L2L2


space

space UNITY CRITERIA FOR BUSINESS PROCESS MODELLING

TRIGGER Trigger responsibility is externalL2.ProcessL2.Process

L3L3Prob

lem s

Prob

lem s TRIGGER

UNITYTrigger responsibility is external. The event occurs as a response to an external interaction.S t t bli h t t ith th IS dL3.



PP Some actor establishes contact with the IS and triggers organisational reaction.

COMMUNICATION Each and every event involves providing new L4. Usage environment


space

space

UNITYy p g

meaningful information. Input messages are representations of something that happens in the IS environment



lutio

n Solutio

n that happens in the IS environment.

REACTIONUNITY

The event triggers IS reaction, which is a composition of synchronous activities.Events are asynchronous among each other.

Illustrative example

PhotographyA IPhotographer

Publishing houseAgency, IncPhotographer

1

2

1

2

Communicative event diagram of Photography Agency, Inc.


L2L2


space

space


L3L3Prob

lem s

Prob

lem s



PP



space

space



lutio

n Solutio

n

Activity 3. Business objects identification. Business Object Glossary. Structure that specifies business objects.

Business objects are conceptions of entities of the Subject SystemL1. System/L1. System/ ▪ Business objects are conceptions of entities of the Subject System

in which the Organisational System is interested.

▪ Complex aggregates of properties (not o‐o fragmentation)L2L2


space

space


L3L3Prob

lem s

Prob

lem s

• Report record• Photographer record R t d li t

▪ Business forms are catalogued.



PP • Report delivery note

Business indicators at the process level.L4. Usage environment


space

space



lutio

n Solutio

n

•Production department: productivity and profitability indicators• Delivery performance to customer• Photographer productivity• Photographer productivity





ORGANISATION



L2L2


space

space

( )EVENT

DIAGRAMATION

( )OBJECTS




L3L3Prob

lem s

Prob

lem s


SPECIFICATION



DETAILED B.O.G.



PP


INTERFACE DESIGN

(7) OBJECT CLASSES

MODELLING

S




space

space

IMPLEMENTATION



I.S. MEMORY MODEL



lutio

n Solutio

n

IMPLEMENTATION


Activity 4. Communicative event specification. HeaderContact

requirementsqCommunicational

content requirementsReaction

requirementsL1. System/L1. System/

Template structure

HeaderL2L2


space

space

Contact requirementsL2.ProcessL2.Process

L3L3Prob

lem s

Prob

lem s

Communicational content



PP

requirementsL4. Usage environment


space

space

Reaction requirementsL5. Operational environment


lutio

n Solutio

n





L2L2


space

space


L3L3Prob

lem s

Prob

lem s

S

CONTACTRECEIVERINFORMATION

SYSTEML3.Communicative interaction


PP SENDER MESSAGE

RECEIVERREACTION



space

space

RECEIVER



lutio

n Solutio

n





L2L2


space

space

PHO 3. Management board resolves applicationsL2.ProcessL2.Process

L3L3Prob

lem s

Prob

lem s g ppPHO 3. Management board resolves applications

Goals: The IS aims to obtain a response to outstanding photographer applications.Description: Monday mornings the management board holds a meeting AL3.



PP Description: Monday mornings, the management board holds a meeting. A member of each department is present. A Production Department clerk has prepared a list of outstanding (pending) photographer applications and a résumé of each applicant. Management board proceeds to evaluate and



space

space

résumé of each applicant. Management board proceeds to evaluate and resolve each application. Depending on the documentation, a photographer is either accepted or rejected. Accepted photographers are classified into a quality level (this level will determine their rates). After the meeting, the list of



lutio

n Solutio

n

q y ( ) g,resolved applications is returned to Production Department.Explanatory diagram:

PHOTOGRAPHY AGENCYPHOTOGRAPHY AGENCYPHOTOGRAPHER

TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT CLERK MANAGEMENT BOARD

PREPARE LIST OF OUTSTANDING

Goals: The IS aims to obtain a response to outstanding photographer applications.Description: Monday mornings, the management board holds a meeting. A member of each department is present A Production Department clerk has

Activity 4. Communicative event specification.

member of each department is present. A Production Department clerk has prepared a list of outstanding (pending) photographer applications and a résumé of each applicant. Management board proceeds to evaluate and resolve each application. Depending on the documentation, a photographer is

HeaderContact

requirements


resolve each application. Depending on the documentation, a photographer is either accepted or rejected. Accepted photographers are classified into a quality level (this level will determine their rates). After the meeting, the list of resolved applications is returned to Production Department.

qCommunicational


requirements

L2L2


space

space

eso ed app cat o s s etu ed to oduct o epa t e tExplanatory diagram:

PHOTOGRAPHY AGENCYPHOTOGRAPHER

TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT CLERK MANAGEMENT BOARDL2.ProcessL2.Process

L3L3Prob

lem s

Prob

lem s

PREPARE LIST OF OUTSTANDING APPLICATIONS

OUTSTANDINGL3.Communicative interaction


PP OUTSTANDING APLICATIONS

EVALUATE AND RESOLVE

APPLICATIONS

CREATE PHOTOGRAPHER

RECORD



space

space

SEND LETTER INFORMING OF RESOLUTION

RECEIVE LETTER

RESOLVED APPLICATIONS



lutio

n Solutio

n RESOLUTION ACCEPTANCE /

REJECTIONLETTER

LEGENDLEGEND

INFORMATIONFLOW

PHYSICALEVENT

ACTORPOOL

INFORMATION OBJECTS

C i

OUTSTANDING APPLICATIONS

OUTSTANDING APLICATIONS

Activity 4. Communicative event specification.EVALUATE AND

RESOLVE APPLICATIONS

CREATE PHOTOGRAPHER

RECORD

RESOLVED APPLICATIONS

HeaderContact

requirements


SEND LETTER INFORMING OF RESOLUTION

ACCEPTANCE /REJECTION

RECEIVE LETTER

APPLICATIONS qCommunicational


requirements

L2L2


space

space

LETTER

LEGEND


L3L3Prob

lem s

Prob

lem s INFORMATION

FLOWPHYSICAL

EVENTACTORPOOL

INFORMATION OBJECTS

Contact requirementsContact requirementsP i t M t b d C i ti h l IL3.



PP Primary actor: Management board. Communication channel: In person.Temporal restrictions: This communicative event occurs Monday mornings. Frequency: Of the 10‐20 monthly applications, around 5 are accepted.



space

space Communicational content requirementsCommunicational content requirements

Support actor: Production Department clerkCommunication Structure:



lutio

n Solutio

n

RESOLUTIONS ={ Application()=< ID card # + i text

PHOTOGRAPHER(ID card #)=< 19 345 631 Q

FIELD OP DOMAIN BUSINESS OBJ. EXAMPLE VALUE LEGEND

CSs Primitives< ID card # +

Name +Address +Postcode +City +

idddd

texttexttexttexttext

< 19.345.631-QSergio Pastor GonzálezCamino de Vera s/n46022Valencia

<+> aggregation{ } iteration[ | ] alternative( ) selection




requirements

Communication Structure of event PHO 3

RESOLUTIONS ={ Application()=

PHOTOGRAPHER(ID card #)=

FIELD OP DOMAIN BUSINESS OBJ. EXAMPLE VALUE LEGEND

CSs Primitives{ Application()=< ID card # +

Name +Address +

idd

texttexttext

(ID card #)=< 19.345.631-Q

Sergio Pastor GonzálezCamino de Vera s/n

CSs Primitives

<+> aggregation{ } iteration

Postcode +City +Phone # +Equipment +

dddd

texttexttexttext

46022Valencia9638700000 ext 83534Canon A1 w telemacro

[ | ] alternative( ) selection

InformationEquipment +Experience +Portfolio +Resol. date +

dddi

texttextdocumentdate resol date +

Canon A1 w. telemacroWorked for Mangum PhN/A (sample of work)November 21, 2008

Information aquisition operations

Decision +[ Accepted =

< Level > ]>

i

i

[acc|rej]Decision=accRate<level>

decision +

level>

acc

1 (highest quality level)

d derivationi input

>}

>

Contact requirements

Activity 4. Communicative event specification.

qContact requirementsPrimary actor: Management board. Communication channel: In person.Temporal restrictions: This communicative event occurs Monday mornings. Frequency: Of the 10 20 monthly applications around 5 are accepted

HeaderContact

requirementsFrequency: Of the 10‐20 monthly applications, around 5 are accepted.

Communicational content requirementsCommunicational content requirementsSupport actor: Production Department clerkL1.

System/L1. System/

qCommunicational


requirements

Communication Structure:

RESOLUTIONS = PHOTOGRAPHERFIELD OP DOMAIN BUSINESS OBJ. EXAMPLE VALUE LEGEND

L2L2


space

space

{ Application()=< ID card # +

Name +Address +Postcode +

iddd

texttexttexttext

(ID card #)=< 19.345.631-Q

Sergio Pastor GonzálezCamino de Vera s/n46022

CSs Primitives

<+> aggregation{ } iteration[ | ] alternative


L3L3Prob

lem s

Prob

lem s

City +Phone # +Equipment +Experience +Portfolio +

ddddd

texttexttexttextdocument

Valencia9638700000 ext 83534Canon A1 w. telemacroWorked for Mangum PhN/A (sample of work)

[ | ] alternative( ) selection

Information aquisition operations



PP

Portfolio +Resol. date +Decision +[ Accepted =< Level > ]

>

dii

i

documentdate[acc|rej]Decision=accRate<level>

resol date +decision +

level>

N/A (sample of work)November 21, 2008acc

1 (highest quality level)

operations

d derivationi input



space

space

>>

>

Reaction requirements



lutio

n Solutio

n

qqBusiness object: If the application is accepted, the photographer becomes part of the agency The





DESCRIPTION OF ORGANISATION

COMMUNICATIVE (2)COMMUNICATIVE (3) BUSINESS L2L2


space

space PROBLEM

DECOMPOSITION

( )EVENT

DIAGRAMATION

( )OBJECTS

IDENTIFICATION


L3L3Prob

lem s

Prob

lem s

COMMUNICATIVE EVENT DIAGRAM



SPECIFICATION


SPECIFICATION



PP

COMMUNICATIVE EVENT TEMPLATES

DETAILED B.O.G.


INTERFACE DESIGN

(7) OBJECT CLASSES

MODELLING



space

space

S


IMPLEMENTATION

COMPONENT DESIGN LOGICAL DESIGNL5. Operational environment


lutio

n Solutio

n INTERFACE DESIGN MODEL

I.S. MEMORY MODEL

IMPLEMENTATION


Communication Analysis offers a systemic way to structure requirements

Specific techniques for IS analysis Communicative Event Diagram.

▪ Communicational perspective on business process modelling

▪ Unity criteria to deal with encapsulation (granularity of processes)

Communication Structures▪ Specifies messages related to communicative events

▪ Derivation of IS memory from communication structures

Future work Future work Propose precise guidelines to derive IS memory

D i i f f i i Design user interface from communication structures

Report industrial case studies in the use of Communication Analysis

Take advantage of MDD and code generation frameworks

Extremely long etcetera under the proposed “full MDD” perspective…

Model Driven Development permits Reason about the system prior to its construction Reason about the system prior to its construction

▪ You can simulate the behavior to foresee the consequences of a system

Derivate the final system in an automatic wayDerivate the final system in an automatic way▪ Obtaining a consistent result

We have been building Traditional Information Systems Web‐based Information Systems

b d SOA‐based systems Pervasive Systems

… but, what is next?

Conceptual models are needed for a systematic development of biological systems

00010011 00000111 00000011 00001000 Physical Level

ADD $7 $3 $8

Semantics: Add the values from the processor

Instruction Level

Semantics: Add the values from the processor registers ‘3’ and store the result in the register ‘8’

Representation Level

3 + 4 = 7

AUG GAA CAC GAC GAG UAA Physical Level

START STOPGlu GluHis Asp

Semantics: Process a protein with the four Instruction LevelSemantics: Process a protein with the four selected aminoacids

R t tiYou haveHowever Representation Level

You have blue eyesHowever, ¿Why?

Thanks for your attention!Thanks for your attention!

Centro de Investigación en Métodos de Producción de Software (ProS)Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaC i d V / 46071 V l i E ñ (S i )Camino de Vera s/n, 46071 Valencia, España (Spain)[email protected]: +34 96 387 7000, Fax: +34 96 3877359

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From Requirements toFrom Requirements to Code: …€¦ · From Requirements toFrom Requirements to Code: A Full Model-Driven Dl tP tiDevelopment Perspective Óscar Pastor LópezÓscar