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From the first neutrino to CTAA tribute to Astroparticle Physics in South Africa
Christian Spiering, DESYCape Town, April 17, 2012
Fred Reines SN Remnant Potchefstroom Space weather C T A RX J1713.7-3946 H.E.S.S. group with Harm artist‘s viewFirst atmospheric as seen with Moraal fromneutrino in H.E.S.S. O. de Jager Potchefstroom UniversitySouth African Mine C. Raubenheimer(with J. Sellschop from U. Witswatersrand)
From the first neutrino to CTAA tribute to Astroparticle Physics in South Africa
1912: Discovery of Cosmic Rays
Gamma Rays and Neutrinos from Cosmic Accelerators
Detection of TeV Gamma Rays and Neutrinos
Gamma Ray
camera image
Discovery of atmospheric neutrinos
February 23, 1965East Rand Proprietary Mine, South Africa, Depth = 3200 meters
Case-Witswatersrand Collaboration(later Case-Wits-Irvine)
F. Reines et al.
(J.Sellschop, U. Witswatersrand)
Long liquid scintillationcounters
Nearly horizontal track
Fred ReinesCWI experiment
Discovery of atmospheric neutrinos
February 23, 1965East Rand Proprietary Mine, South Africa, Depth = 3200 meters
Case-Witwatersrand Collaboration(later Case-Wits-Irvine)
F. Reines et al.
(J.Sellshop, U. Witwatersrand)
Long liquid scintillationcounters
Nearly horizontal track
Fred ReinesCWI experiment
reactiondetector
neutrino
light cone
muon
upward going muon in IceCube
TeV Gamma Astronomy
1980s: many non-imaging telescopes worldwide No single convincing discovery of a TeV gamma sources South Africa: Telescope arrays Mk-I
and Mk-II in Noitgedaacht
One of the sub-telelescopes of Mk-II (Raubenheimer, de Jager)
1989: First discovery of a TeV source with an imaging telescope in Arizona (Crab Nebula, Whipple Telescope)
The H.E.S.S. TelescopeGamma ray
Four 12-m dishes
One 23-dish inauguration in Oct. 2012
Namibia
TeV Gamma Astronomy 2012
RX J1713.7-3946
H.E.S.S. scan of the galactic plane
moon
0.5°
Source Type
TeV Gamma Astronomy 2012
~ 135 sources
We have seen until now only the tip of the iceberg !
The next, worldwide step: CTA
Construction 2014-2019Now prototype phase
Science Potentialof CTA
H.E.S.S. ~500 h
Expected with CTA ~500 h
GLAST
MAGIC
The “quite expensive”
line
H.E.S.S.
Crab
10% Crab
1% Crab10-14
10-13
10-12
10-11
10 100 1000 104 105
E x
F(>
E) [
TeV
/cm
2s]
E [GeV]
Fermi
E.F
(>E
)
[Te
V/c
m2s]
expect ~1000 sources
Space Weather Research
Quite recently, DESY (Zeuthen) and the University Kiel, together with a group from the Potchefstroom University (Harm Moraal) , have installed particle detectors at the German Antartic Research Station „Neumayer“ and at the German Research Vessel „Polarstern“.
The detected particles are muons and low-energetic neutrons which can be used to monitor the solar activity and provide data on space weather.
Summary
South Africa has played a notable role in astroparticle physics.
Germany and South Africa have built up close connections within the H.E.S.S. project, and now also on space weather research.
Gamma Astronomy at TeV energies is stormy developing. Next step: CTA
Hope for first neutrino discoveries with IceCube in the next couple of years true multimessenger TeV astronomy !