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7/30/2019 From the other group

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Body Temperature

andRespiration


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BODY

TEMPERATURE


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Body Temperature

It is an indication of theintensity or degree of

heat within the body.It represents a balance

between the heat that isproduced in the bodyand the heat that is lost.


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Factors affecting Body Temperature

Time of Day Lower early in the morning & Higher in theafternoon.

Age slightly decreases with age & slightly increasesin the very young.

Environmentaltemperature

slightly higher in a high environment andslightly lower in a cold environment.

Infectionwhen a major infectious process occurs.

Physical Activity Increases during a physical activity but lowerswhen the body is conditioned.

Emotional status Increases during stressful or emotional periods.

Site ofMeasurement

Temperatures differ once measured in differentbody parts. (Rectum, armpits, mouth)

Menstrual cycle Higher during ovulation and pregnancy.

Oral cavity

temperature


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Assessment of BodyTemperature

Oral cavity Most common and convenient

Rectum/Rectal cavity

Most accurate; can be used ininfants or young children.

Ear canal can be used in infants or youngchildren

Axilla least desirable due to air currents

Inguinal fold least desirable due to air currents


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Equipments used in takingBody Temperature

Clinical glass thermometer

Oral electronic thermometer with a probe

Chemical thermometer

Ear canal electronic thermometer


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Procedures in measuring BodyTemperature

Orally

Wash your hands and obtain a thermometer, recording form,pen, alcohol, and a wipe.

Position the patient and explain the procedure. Observe andevaluate the patient if there are signs & symptoms related to

body temp.

Check the level of the mercury in the thermometer if its below96F (37C). If it is higher hold the end and shake thethermometer.

Position the thermometer bulb under her tongue, and instructthe patient to hold it with her lips not her teeth, and to breaththrough the nose.

Leave the thermometer for 3-5 mins.


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Remove it using your thumb and your index fingerand lightly clean the thermometer by wiping thetop of the bulb end. (dont hold the bulb end)

Read the thermometer by holding it horizontallyat eye level so that the mercury column is visible.A special line usually marks 98.6F.

Clean and place the thermometer in its containerand was your hands.

Record the results.


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Orally with an Electronic thermometerWash your hands, probe cover, recording form, and a pen.

Position the patient and explain the procedure. Observe andevaluate the patient if there are signs & symptoms related tobody temp.

Turn the unit on and apply the disposable probe cover to theprobe.

Position the probe under her tongue, and instruct the patient tohold it with her lips not her teeth, and to breath through the

nose.

Leave the probe in place until it alarms, indicating that it hasalready ready a normal temperature.

Record the results.


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With an Ear thermometer

Wash your hands and obtain the ear thermometer, lens filter,recording form, and a pen.

Position the patient to expose one ear; an infant or a toddlermay be held on your lap; other persons may lie or sit.

Apply a clean lens filter and select either the oral or rectalsetting.

Gently but firmly pull and hold the ear to straighten the ear

canal.

Insert the thermometer lens cone, with a clean filter appliedinto the ear opening.


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Maintain the lens cone in the ear canal anddepress and hold the activation button for 1

second.

Remove the lens cone from the persons ear.Discard or thoroughly wash the lens filter if it is to

be used again.

Note: In the home, it may be appropriate to washand reuse the lens filter, but in otherenvironments it should be thrown.

Record the results using the value from the LCDreading.


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RESPIRATION(PulmonaryVentilation)


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Respiration

Provide Inflow (inspiration/inhalation)and Outflow (expiration/exhalation) ofair.


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Normal rangefor respiration:

12 18respiration

per minutesfor adults

30 50respirations

per minute forinfants

Age

Very young (infant to age

5) and elderly (65 andolder) have higherrespiration rates.

Physical

Activity

Rate and depth ofrespiration increases

during exercise.

Emotional Status

High stress, anxiety oremotion increases rate and

depth of respiration.

AirQuality

Impurities in atmosphere

either increases ordecreases respiration

depending on the effects.

AltitudeHigher altitudes =

increased respiration.

Affects various

Factors Affecting Respiration


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Assessment of Respiration

Rate number of breaths per minute.

Rhythm regularity of pattern .

Depth amount of air exchanged witheach respiration.

Character difference from normal, resting,quiet respiration..


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Normal breathing = Minimalinspiration, effortless expiration


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Measuring Respiration Rate

Wash your hands and obtain a timepiece thatmeasures seconds. Observe the patient for signs &symptoms of abnormal respiration. The Patient maybe sitting, lying, or standing as long as her abdomenor thorax can be observed.

Note: Do not explain the procedure to the patient.

Simulate measurement of the radial pulse with the

patients forearm resting on his/her abdomen.

Note: Observe the outward and inward movement ofthe patients thorax.


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Count either the inspirations or expirations for 1minute.The measurement period can be reduced to 30seconds once the rate, rhythm, and the character ofthe persons respirations have been determined.

Note: It must be multiplied by 2 to determine therate for a full time.

Reposition the patients clothing or bed linen if itwas removed or adjusted to expose the patientsabdomen thorax.

Note and record the rate, depth, and character ofthe persons respirations.


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Abnormal Responses Exhibited by Respiration Rate

The respiration rate slowly increases during exerciseor activity

The respiration rate does not increase duringexercise or activity

The respiration rate increases as the intensity of theexercise plateaus.

The rate declines as the intensity of the exercisedeclines and terminates.The rate does not decline as the intensity of theexercise declines.

The respiration rate declines during exercise before

the intensity of the exercise declines.

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