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Frontiers of Science at the Intersection of Physical and Life Sciences
First Committee MeetingKeck Center of the National Academies
Washington, DCSeptember 14, 2007September 14, 2007
DOEDOE--BES PerspectivesBES Perspectives
Arvind KiniMaterials Sciences and Engineering DivisionMaterials Sciences and Engineering Division
Office of Basic Energy SciencesOffice of Basic Energy [email protected]
BASIC ENERGY SCIENCESBASIC ENERGY SCIENCESServing the Present, Shaping the FutureServing the Present, Shaping the Future http://http://www.science.doe.gov/beswww.science.doe.gov/bes//
Raymond L. Orbach
The Department of Energy: A Large, Complex, Mission AgencyThe Department of Energy: A Large, Complex, Mission Agency
BES
FY 2008 Request$1.45 B
Physical BiosciencesMichael Kahn, PNNL
Photosynthetic Systems
Photo- and Bio-Chemistry
Richard GreeneVacant, Prog. Asst.
Scattering & Instrumentation
Sciences
Helen KerchC. Howard, Prog. Asst.
Condensed Matter and Materials Physics
Jim HorwitzM. Agnant, Prog. Asst.
Materials Discovery, Design, and Synthesis
Arvind KiniVacant, Prog. Asst.
Chemical Sciences, Geosciences,and Biosciences Division
Eric Rohlfing, DirectorDiane Marceau, Program Analyst
Michaelene Kyler-King, Program Assistant
Harriet Kung, DirectorChristie Ashton, Program Analyst
Ann Lundy, Secretary
Materials Sciences and Engineering Division Scientific User Facilities Division
Pedro Montano, DirectorLinda Cerrone, Program Analyst
Secretary (Vacant)
Operations Construction
X-ray ScatteringLane Wilson
Helen Farrell, INL
Neutron ScatteringLane Wilson
Electron and Scanning Probe Microscopies
Jane Zhu
Ultrafast Science and Instrumentation
Jim Glownia (8/07)
Exp. Cond. Mat. Phys.James Horwitz
D. Finnemore, AmesDaniel Friedman, NREL
Theo. Cond. Mat. Phys.Dale Koelling
Randy Fishman, ORNLJames Davenport, BNL
Physical Behavior of MaterialsRefik Kortan
Mechanical Behaviorand Radiation Effects
John Vetrano
Tech. Coordination Program Management
John Vetrano
Materials ChemistryRichard Kelley
James McBreen, BNL
Biomolecular MaterialsArvind Kini
Synthesis and Processing Science
Tim FitzsimmonsBonnie Gersten
Exp. Program to Stimulate Competitive
ResearchKristin Bennett
Catalysis ScienceRaul MirandaPaul Maupin
Michael Chen, ANL
Heavy Element Chemistry
Lester MorssNorman Edelestein, LBNL
Separations and Analysis
William MillmanLarry Rahn, SNL
GeosciencesNicholas Woodward
Patrick Dobson, LBNLMarsha Bollinger, AAAS
Chemical Transformations
John MillerT. Russ, Prog. Asst.
Solar PhotochemistryMark Spitler, NREL
Atomic, Molecular, and Optical SciencesElliot Kanter, ANL
Condensed-phase and Interfacial Mol. Sci.Gregory Fiechtner
Computational and Theoretical Chemistry
Richard Hildebrandt
Fundamental Interactions
Michael CasassaR. Felder, Prog. Asst.
Spallation Neutron Source Upgrades
Tom Brown
NSLS II Tom Brown
TEAMAltaf (Tof) Carim
Instrument MIEs(SING, LUSI, etc.)
Tom Kiess
ALS User Support BldgTom Brown
Ultrafast Chemical Sciences
Gas-Phase Chemical Physics
Frank Tully, SNL
X-ray and Neutron Scattering Facilities
Roger Klaffky
Nanoscience Centers &E-beam CentersAltaf (Tof) Carim
Accelerator and Detector R&D
Facility Coordination, Metrics, Assessment
Linac CoherentLight SourceTom Brown
Patricia Dehmer, DirectorMary Jo Martin, Administrative Specialist
Office of Basic Energy SciencesOffice of Basic Energy SciencesBES Budget and Planning
Robert Astheimer, Technical AdvisorMargie Davis, Budget Analyst
BES OperationsLinda Blevins, International/IntergovernmentalRichard Burrow, DOE Technical Office CoordinationDon Freeburn, DOE and Stakeholder InteractionsKen Rivera, Laboratory Infrastructure/ES&HKaren Talamini, Program Analyst/BESAC
$311 M Materials Core Research
$254 M CSGB Core Research
$706 M Facilities Operations $160 M New Constructions$18 M Facilities Research
All funding levels based on FY2008 President’s Requests
Our Mission:
• Foster and support fundamental research program fundamental research program to expand the scientific foundation for new and improved energy technologies and for understanding and mitigating the environmental impacts of energy use
• Plan, construct, and operate major scientific user facilitiesmajor scientific user facilities for “materials sciences and related disciplines” to serve researchers at universities, federal laboratories, and industrial laboratories
Office of Basic Energy SciencesOffice of Basic Energy Sciences
Our Energy Future Depends on Atomic, Molecular, and Our Energy Future Depends on Atomic, Molecular, and NanoscaleNanoscale Level Level Control of Matter and ProcessesControl of Matter and Processes
Scientific Innovations Leading to Economic Competitiveness and Energy Security
Solid-state lighting and applications of quantum confinement
Bio-inspired nanoscale assemblies –Designer catalysts
Self-repairing and defect-tolerant systems
Mn
Mn MnMn
O
OO
O
OOMn
MnMn
MnO
O OO
2H2O 4H+ + 4e-
photosystem II
Reliable, high-capacity electric grid: High Tc
superconductors
Ru
Pt
Atomic scale control of catalytic reactions for energy technologies
Organic and quantum dot-based PV cells
Nanocomposites for extreme environments
Layer Thickness (nm)
Helium bubbles
5 nm
No Helium bubbles
2.5 nm Cu-Nbmultilayer
10 µm grain Cu metel
Technology Maturation& Deployment
Relationship Between the Science and the Technology Offices in DRelationship Between the Science and the Technology Offices in DOEOE
Applied Research
Basic research for fundamental new understanding on materials or systems that may be only peripherally connected or even unconnected to today’s problems in energy technologies Development of new tools, techniques, and facilities, including those for advanced modeling and computation
§ Basic research for fundamental new understanding, with the goal of addressing short-term showstoppers on real-world applications in the energy technologies
Discovery Research Use-inspired Basic Research
§ Research with the goal of meeting technical milestones, with emphasis on the development, performance, cost reduction, and durability of materials and components or on efficient processes§ Proof of technology concepts
Office of ScienceOffice of ScienceBESBES
Applied Energy OfficesApplied Energy OfficesEERE, NE, FE, TD, EM, RW, EERE, NE, FE, TD, EM, RW, ……
§ Scale-up research § At-scale demonstration§ Cost reduction§ Prototyping§ Manufacturing R&D§ Deployment support
Goal: new knowledge / understandingMandate: open-endedFocus: phenomenaMetric: knowledge generation
Goal: practical targetsMandate: restricted to targetFocus: performanceMetric: milestone achievement
I. Basic Research -- Mission challenges§ Basic Research Needs for a Secure Energy Future (BESAC)§ Nanoscience Research for Energy Needs (NSTC) § Basic Research Needs for the Hydrogen Economy§ Basic Research Needs for Solar Energy Utilization§ Basic Research Needs for Superconductivity§ Basic Research Needs for Solid State Lighting§ Basic Research Needs for Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems§ Basic Research Needs for Electrical Energy Storage§ Basic Research Needs for Materials Under Extreme Environments§ Basic Research Needs for Catalysis in Energy Applications In Preparation
II. Basic Research -- Discovery Science§ The ultra-small§ The ultra-fast§ Complexity§ Theory, modeling, and simulation
III. Enabling tools – Major scientific user facilities & other special instruments§ Scientific user facilities for the Nation
DOEDOE--BES Program Planning and Investment StrategiesBES Program Planning and Investment Strategies
Reports can be found at: http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/list.html
§ New materials discovery, design, development, and fabrication, especially materials that perform well under extreme conditions§ Science at the nanoscale, especially low-dimensional systems that
promise materials with new and novel properties§ Methods to “control” photon, electron, ion, and phonon transport in
materials for next-generation energy technologies§ Structure-function relationships in both living and non-living systems§ Designer catalysts§ Interfacial science and designer membranes§ Bio-materials and bio-interfaces, especially at the nanoscale where soft
matter and hard matter can be joined§ New tools for:§ Spatial characterization, especially at the atomic and nanoscales and
especially for in-situ studies§ Temporal characterization for studying the time evolution of processes§ Theory and computation
Topical Grand Challenges Topical Grand Challenges -- From the Basic Research Needs WorkshopsFrom the Basic Research Needs Workshops
Strategic Theme 1Energy Security
Strategic Theme 2Nuclear Security
Strategic Theme 3Scientific discovery and Innovation
Strategic Theme 4Environmental Responsibility
Strategic Theme 5Management Responsibility
DOE Mission and Strategic Themes
Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (BESAC)Subcommittee on Grand Challenges
Graham Fleming and Mark Ratner—Co-chairs
http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/BESAC/BESAC.htmDraft report ready and currently being finalized
1. Identify and articulate for the broader scientific community the most important scientific questions and science-driven technical challenges facing the disciplines supported by BES. The challenges should be limited in number to perhaps one dozen and should be described in a manner that is independent of current disciplinary labels and of terms such as “multidisciplinary” or “interdisciplinary.” These challenges should arise from major gaps in our understanding, future discovery potential, and excitement of the quest.
2. Describe the importance of these challenges to advances in disciplinary science, to technology development, and to energy and other societal needs.
3. Describe what might be needed to address these challenges, including the development of theories, instruments, facilities, and computational capabilities and education and workforce development.
4. Connect the challenges with disciplines outside of those supported by BES, as appropriate.
5. Use as resource material previous discussions at BESAC and relevant studies by BESAC, other SC Advisory Committees, the NRC, and other bodies.
6. Suggest follow-on activities, as appropriate.
Charge to BESAC Subcommittee on Grand Challenges
The Necessity of Grand Challenge Science § Properly posed Grand Challenges will provide the scientific foundation for transformative progress in basic energy sciences.§ They will provide necessary instruments and theoretical framework and language for understanding what happens when:
1) we go to the very small2) we go far from equilibrium3) we encounter strongly correlated systems & systems
with emergent properties 4) we want to define the limits of material properties5) we want to manipulate energy and information ever
more rapidly and efficiently6) we want to recreate in synthetic systems properties and
capabilities we find in nature
DOEDOE--BES Program Planning BES Program Planning –– Input from NAS, NRC StudiesInput from NAS, NRC Studies
• National Academy of Sciences– A Decadal Assessment and Outlook for the Field of Condensed Matter and Materials
Physics (Spring 2007)• Review of the field of CMMP; make recommendations on how U.S. research might realize the
full potential of CMMP research.
– Materials Discovery and Crystal Growth (Winter 2007)• An assessment of the status of U.S. capabilities in the discovery of new materials and in crystal
growth
– Biomolecular Materials and Processes (Spring 2008)• An assessment of the compelling science at the interface between biology and materials, and
identification of future research opportunities.
– Frontiers of Science at the Interface of Physical and Life Sciences (Winter 2008)• A more comprehensive assessment of the scientific opportunities at the broader interface
between physical and life sciences• Identification of complex, large-scale problems which, when successfully pursued, will produce
scientific breakthroughs in BOTH.
Some Currently Supported Studies
Charge1. Develop a conceptual framework for new scientific forefronts, 2. Identify and prioritize the most promising research opportunities, articulate the benefits to society,
and recommend strategies for realizing them,3. Explore ways to enable and enhance effective interdisciplinary collaboration.
Expected Outcomes§ A key outcome of the study will be to communicate the intrinsic scientific value of this interface
area to the core disciplinary research communities. For example, key questions in the life sciences also have relevance to basic research in the physical sciences and vice versa.
§ The study will also seek to communicate the excitement of this interface to a broad audience.
A Peer Review Comment
“All the example opportunities discussed in the application (protein folding, biomolecularmachines, signal transduction and mechanics and special structure of the cell) seem to put much of the focus on life sciences. For a balanced final report on the intersection of physical and life sciences, the application (and the study) should also emphasize the benefits to the physical sciences from life sciences.”
Frontiers of Science at the Interface of Physical and Life SciencesCommittee Charge, Outcomes, ExpectationsCommittee Charge, Outcomes, Expectations
Anticipated ImpactAnticipated Impact
§ Basic research for fundamental new understanding on materials or systems that may revolutionize or transform today’s energy technologies § Development of new
tools, techniques, and facilities, including those for advanced modeling and computation
§ Basic research for fundamental new understanding, usually with the goal of addressing showstoppers on real-world applications in the energy technologies
§ Research with the goal of meeting technical milestones, with emphasis on the development, performance, cost reduction, and durability of materials and components or on efficient processes§ Proof of technology
concepts
§ Scale-up research § At-scale demonstration§ Cost reduction§ Prototyping§ Manufacturing R&D§ Deployment support
Technology Maturation& DeploymentApplied ResearchGrand Challenges Discovery Research Use-Inspired Basic Research
Basic research to address fundamental limitations of current theories and descriptions of matter in the energy range important to everyday life – typically energies up to those required to break chemical bonds.Particularly challenging are the failures to understand systems that are ultrasmall or isolated or that display emergent phenomena of many kinds.
BES Basic Research Needs Workshops
BESAC Grand Challenges PanelDOE Technology Office/Industry Roadmaps
Forefronts of Science at the Intersection of the Physical and Life Sciences