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FSM Toolbox 2.0Durban
15th and 16h of October, 2019
Session: “Why FSM Toolbox?”
Defining Sanitation
Slide 2
Sanitation is defined as access to and use of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and faeces.
Three main ways to meet safely managed sanitation service (SDG 6.2). People should use improved
sanitation facilities which are not shared with other households, and the excreta produced should either be:
On-site Sanitation System
Safe Burial End use/Disposal
Treated and disposed in situ
Water ClosetSewer Network
Pumping Station
Treatment Plant
Reuse/Disposal
Transported through a sewer with wastewater and then treated off-site
Containment Emptying Transport Treatment Reuse/Disposal
Stored temporarily and then emptied and transported to treatment off-site
Source: JMP, 2017; WHO, 2018
63 % of urban population connected to
sewer network
Only 9 % of the rural population connected
to sewer network
29% of urban population uses improved OSS
48% of rural population uses improved OSS
Source: JMP, 2017; Boston Consulting Group, 2014
Sewerage Vs FSM: Global Perspective
Sewer Network: History, Institutions,
Investment, Capacity
FSM: Coverage, Cost, Feasibility,
Environmental Safety
OSS is the principal form of improved sanitation in Central Asia and Southern Asia, Oceania and sub-Saharan Africa
2,739 Million people need FSM services
Slide 4
88.29 % ODF Status (3386 ULBs)
Basic 44.15 %
Unimproved 3.78 %
Limited 12.23 %
• Unimproved - Use of pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines or bucket latrines
• Limited - Shared• Basic - Use of improved facilities which
are not shared with other households
62,000 MLD of human waste is generated in urban
India
STP capacity only available for 37% of the FS generated
> 47% of urban HHs depend on OSS
Sewerage Vs FSM: India Perspective
Source: MoHUA, 2018; JMP, 2015; MoUD, 2017
Slide 5
SA sanitation status
Percentage of households with access to an improved sanitation facility and the backlog, 2016
Slide 6
4 % ODF Status
> 36% of population depend on OSS
Sewerage Vs FSM: SA case study
No
municipality is
100% sewered0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Sanitation types
Directly to centralised foul/separate sewer
Fully lined tank (sealed), no outlet or overflow
Containment (fully lined tanks and pits, and unlined pits) failed, damaged, collaped or flooded - with no outlet or overflow
Lined pit with semi-permeable walls and open bottom
Unlined pit
Pit, never emptied abandoned when full and covered
Pit, never emptied abandoned when full NOT adequately covered
Slide 7
Challenges in FSM? Focusing on the Sanitation Value Chain
User Interface Containment Emptying Transport Treatment Reuse/Disposal
• Individual Toilets
• Community Toilets
• Public Toilets
• Septic Tanks
• Twin/Single Pits
• Other OSS
• Mechanized
• Semi – Mechanized
• Manual
• Electro – Mechanical
Systems
• Biological Systems
• Bio-Gas
• Soil Conditioner
• Others
Is it a linear process? Is it as simple as it looks?
Slide 8
Challenges in FSM? Focusing on the Sanitation Value Chain
User Interface Containment Emptying Transport Treatment Reuse/Disposal
• Individual Toilets
• Community Toilets
• Public Toilets
• Septic Tanks
• Twin/Single Pits
• Other OSS
• Mechanized
• Semi – Mechanized
• Manual
• Electro – Mechanical
Systems
• Biological Systems
• Bio-Gas
• Soil Conditioner
• Others
Is it a linear process? Is it as simple as it looks?
Slide 9
Steps for FSM Planning – Practitioner’s Guide
1. City-Wide Assessment
2. Stakeholder Mapping
3. Shortlist Intervention Areas
4. Design and Plan Interventions
5. Implementation
Procurement; Set up project mechanismTechnical Assistance
Financial Resource AllocationMonitor and Evaluate
Advocacy and awareness-raising
Map all the stakeholders and engage to identify priorities and constraintsDevelop engagement strategies
Identify the gaps in the city and areas demanding attention
InfrastructureInstitutional ReformsRegulatoryFinancialBehaviour Change and Capacity Building
Infrastructure TechnologyFinancial Estimates and Funding
Structure
Slide 10
Why FSM Toolbox?
City-Wide Assessment
Stakeholder Mapping
Shortlist Intervention
Areas
Design and Plan Interventions
Implementation
Cumbersome Resource Intensive Time Consuming Array of available tools
Web platform with a suite of tools and resources
Guide to understand the sector, diagnosing problems and planning new interventions
Educate and guide users on technical standards and approaches to plan new interventions
Encourage stakeholders to make informed decisions using survey-based inputs01. 02.
The tools on the platform seek to:
Covered under Toolbox Partially covered under Toolbox
Slide 11
Assessment
Infrastructure Enabler Ecosystem
Planning
Stakeholder Engagement
Infrastructure and Enabler Ecosystem
Business Model
Learn
Case Studies Manuals/ToRsPolicies Videos
Execu
teLe
arn
FSM Toolbox 2.0
FSM Toolbox Workflow and Global Convergence
World BankCity Service Delivery Assessment
ToolSusana/GIZ
Shit Flow Diagram (SFD)
Asian Institute of Technology Situational Assessment Tool
AIT Stakeholder Analysis Tool
World Bank Prognosis for Change Framework
IWMI Resource Recovery and Reuse
Thank You
www.fsmtoolbox.com