Full Scale Test SSP 34m blade, edgewise loading LTT. Extreme … · For LTT test, the blade is mounted on a test rig as presented in Figure 2.3. The loading system was designed specifically

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Full Scale Test SSP 34m blade, edgewise loading LTT. Extreme load and PoC_InvEData report

Nielsen, Magda; Roczek-Sieradzan, Agnieszka; Jensen, Find Mølholt; Nielsen, Per Hørlyk; Berring, Peter;Sieradzan, Tomasz; Roudnitski, Vatslav; Bitsche, Robert; Knudsen, Henrik Witthøft; Rasmussen, AndersBentTotal number of authors:22

Publication date:2010

Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of record

Link back to DTU Orbit

Citation (APA):Nielsen, M., Roczek-Sieradzan, A., Jensen, F. M., Nielsen, P. H., Berring, P., Sieradzan, T., Roudnitski, V.,Bitsche, R., Knudsen, H. W., Rasmussen, A. B., Rasmussen, J. J. A., Uldahl, U., Andrlová, Z., Branner, K., Bak,C., Kallesøe, B. S., McGugan, M., Lagerbon, M., Wedel-Heinen, J., ... Jensen, C. (2010). Full Scale Test SSP34m blade, edgewise loading LTT. Extreme load and PoC_InvE Data report. Danmarks Tekniske Universitet,Risø Nationallaboratoriet for Bæredygtig Energi. Denmark. Forskningscenter Risoe. Risoe-R, No. 1748(EN)

https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/5d7c6cd7-19c5-4faf-96cd-6627b0f6eabe

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Full Scale Test SSP 34m blade, edgewise loading LTT. Extreme load and PoC_InvE Data report

Risø DTU:

Magda Nielsen, Agnieszka Roczek-Sieradzan, Find M.

Jensen, Per H. Nielsen, Peter Berring, Tomasz

Sieradzan, Vatslav Roudnitski, Robert Bitsche, Henrik

Knudsen, Anders Rasmussen, Jens Rasmussen, Ulla

Uldahl, Zuzana Andrlová, Kim Branner, Christian Bak,

Bjarne Kallesøe, Malcolm McGugan, Mikkel Lagerbon

Vestas: Jakob Wedel-Heinen

LM-Wind Power A/S: Torben Lindby

SSP-Technology A/S: Hans Jørgen Riber

ECC: Christian Jensen

Risø-R 1748(EN)

September 2010

Author: Magda Nielsen, Agnieszka Roczek-Sieradzan, Find

M. Jensen, Per H. Nielsen, Peter Berring, Tomasz Sieradzan,

Vatslav Roudnitski, Robert Bitsche, Henrik Knudsen,

Anders Rasmussen, Jens Rasmussen, Ulla Uldahl, Zuzana

Andrlová, Kim Branner, Christian Bak, Bjarne Kallesøe,

Malcolm McGugan, Mikkel Lagerbon, Jakob Wedel-Heinen,

Torben Lindby, Hans Jørgen Riber, Christian Jensen

Title: Full Scale Test SSP 34m blade, edgewise loading LTT.

Extreme load and PoC_InvE Data report

Division: Wind Energy Division

Risø-R 1748(EN) September 2010

Abstract :

This report is the second report covering the research and

demonstration project “Eksperimentel vingeforskning:

Strukturelle mekanismer i nutidens og fremtidens store vinger

under kombineret last”, supported by the EUDP program. A

34m wind turbine blade from SSP-Technology A/S has been

tested in edgewise direction (LTT). The blade has been

submitted to thorough examination by means of strain gauges,

displacement transducers and a 3D optical measuring system.

This data report presents results obtained during full scale

testing of the blade up to 80% Risø load, where 80% Risø load

corresponds to 100% certification load. These pulls at 80%

Risø load were repeated and the results from these pulls were

compared.

The blade was reinforced according to a Risø DTU invention,

where the trailing edge panels are coupled. The coupling is

implemented to prevent the out of plane deformations and to

reduce peeling stresses in the adhesive joints. Test results from

measurements with the reinforcement have been compared to

results without the coupling.

The report presents only the relevant results for the 80% Risø

load and the results applicable for the investigation of the

influence of the invention on the profile deformation.

ISSN 0106-2840

ISBN 978-87-550-3846-2

Contract no.:

Group's own reg. no.:

(psp1120180-01)

Sponsorship:

Cover :

Pages:

Tables:

References:

Wind Energy Division

Risø National Laboratory for

Sustainable Energy

Technical University of Denmark

P.O.Box 49

DK-4000 Roskilde

Denmark

Contents

Terms and Definitions ........................................................................................ 1

1. Introduction ............................................................................................... 3

2. Experimental Procedure ........................................................................... 4

2.1 Loading ........................................................................................................ 4

2.2 Measurements .............................................................................................. 5

3. Results ......................................................................................................... 7

3.1 Strain Gauge Measurement at the Adhesive Joint ....................................... 8

3.2 Flapwise Deflection ................................................................................... 11

3.3 Strain Measurements at the Middle of the Trailing Edge Panels............... 13

4. Structural Solution under Investigation ................................................ 14

4.1 The Patent / The invention ......................................................................... 14

4.2 Measurements for Prove of Concept ......................................................... 15

5. Results With and Without Reinforcement ............................................ 17

5.1 Overview of the Deformation .................................................................... 17

5.2 Strain Result Study .................................................................................... 18

5.3 Influence of the Reinforcement on the Shear Distortion ........................... 22

6. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and FEM results ............................... 25

6.1 DIC Comparison With and Without Reinforcement ................................. 25

6.2 Comparison between FEM Analyses and DIC .......................................... 27

6.3 Behaviour of the Panels under Tension ..................................................... 29

7. Summary and Conclusion ....................................................................... 31

8. References................................................................................................. 32

9. Appendices ............................................................................................... 33

Risø-R 1748(EN) 1

Terms and Definitions

The blade cross section with the main structural features is presented in Figure 0.1.

Figure 0.1. Picture of a blade cross-section indicating construction elements.

Definitions

DIC: Digital Image Correlation, 3D optical measuring system

Table 0.1. Loading directions with respect to the blade.

Load case

PTS - pressure side towards suction side

STP - suction side towards pressure side

TTL - trailing edge towards leading edge

LTT - leading edge towards trailing edge

Blade root: Part of the wind turbine blade that is closest to the rig

Box girder: Primary lengthwise structural member of a wind turbine

blade

Edgewise: Direction that is parallel to the local chord of the blade

Flapwise: Direction that is perpendicular to the surface swept by the

non-deformed rotor blade axis

Trailing edge (TE): Edge of blade pointing opposite travelling direction

Leading edge (LE): Smooth edge of blade pointing the travelling direction

FEM: Finite Element Method

Trailing

Edge Leading

Edge

Webs

Suction Side

Pressure Side

Cap

Cap

2 Risø-R 1748(EN)

The coordinate system

Figure 0.2. Coordinate system.

The x-axis is directed in edgewise (wind) direction, positive towards leading edge.

The y-axis is in flapwise direction, positive in direction from pressure to suction

side. The z-axis is along the blade, pointed from the root of the blade, as indicated

in Figure 0.2.

Measurement equipment

Linear transducers (LT)

LT-ASM Length Transducer from ASM – Cable actuated position sensors

LT-NT Length Transducer from NovoTechnik

Optical measurement

DIC: Digital Image Correlation

Aramis: 3D-DIC-system from GOM (www.gom.com)

Strain gauges (SG)

UD Uni Directinal (0° in longitudinal direction)

Bx Biax (0°/90°)

Tx Triax-Rosette (0°/45°/90°)

Back to back One strain gauge on each (inner and outer) side of the blade

Z X

Y

Risø-R 1748(EN) 3

1. Introduction

This report documents measurements from tests up to 80% of extreme loads (called

Risø load), where 80% extreme loads correspond to the certification load. The

measurements presented in this report are the results from pulls at 80% Risø and

pulls performed for prove of concept Invention E, called PoC_E, where the trailing

edge panels are coupled. The coupling was implemented to prevent the out of plane

deformation of the panels in order to reduce peeling stresses in the adhesive joints.

The results in this report are obtained as additional results when carrying out the

EUDP project “Eksperimentel Vingeforskning. Strukturelle mekanismer i nutidens

og fremtidens store vinger under kombineret last”, sponsored by the Energy

Technology Development and Demonstration Program 63011-0066. Industrial

partners of the project are Vestas, LM-Wind Power A/S, SSP-Technology A/S.

The edgewise load case up to 60% Risø load is presented earlier in “Data report 1”

ref. [1]. This previous data report includes a comprehensive description of the load

set up, measurements and data acquisition system.

The purpose of this data report is to present results obtained during full scale

testing of a 34m blade in leading towards trailing edge (LTT) direction up to 80%

of Risø loads. Moreover, results comparison for repeated loading is performed.

Finally, the results from test with Invention E implemented are also presented.

4 Risø-R 1748(EN)

2. Experimental Procedure

This chapter gives a short presentation of the test conditions. The test itself, its set

up and preparation are described in details in the “Data report 1”, ref. [1]. The tests

presented in the two data reports differ in that the load is increased to 80% of the

Risø load in several tests and that a „maintenance hole‟ in the web was reinforced.

The function of this hole is to allow people to crawl between the trailing edge

panels in order to instrument and reinforce them. The maintenance hole was

reinforced to prepare for the future combined load test. This reinforcement is

shown in Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2.

Figure 2.1 The maintenance hole in the web. Figure 2.2 Reinforcement of the hole.

When the tests were carried out, the blade was, as previously mentioned, loaded up

to 80% Risø load. This load corresponds to the certification loads. Therefore,

acoustic emission measurements were performed during the first two tests at that

load in order to enable detection of crack initiation, see the results from the

acoustic emission in Appendix C.

The blade has been tested with and without the reinforcement suggested in

Invention E. The reinforcement between the panels can be seen in Figure 4.2 and

Figure 4.3, and ref. [2].

2.1 Loading

The forces applied in the investigated load case are presented in Table 2.1. These

values define the so-called Risø load, which is considered the extreme load, and is

defined as the design load multiplied by 1.23. The background for this factor is

experimental testing of a similar blade, which has carried such amount of load (in

flapwise direction) before it failed, see ref. [3], [4].

Table 2.1. The forces applied on the blade in the investigated LTT load case.

Section of application

[m from the root] Applied force [N]

13.21 40013

18.61 31675

24.91 58099

Risø-R 1748(EN) 5

When testing to 80% Risø load, the loads applied to blade are 0.8 of the above

mentioned loads.

For LTT test, the blade is mounted on a test rig as presented in Figure 2.3. The

loading system was designed specifically for this test facility and it is described in

details in ref. [1].

Figure 2.3. Sketch of the blade bolted to the test rig. The tip has been cut off, so only 25m is

tested. The arrows indicate the pulling direction in the LTT load case.

In order to allow comparison between the current test and the previous ones, the

load caused by the gravity force needed to be considered while establishing the

applied load. It was decided to account for the gravity load by reducing the values

of the applied load. The gravity load was represented by forces acting on the blade

in the same three sections at which the test load is applied. Moreover, the truncated

tip needed to be compensated for. Therefore, a preloading was applied at the tip in

order to account for the forces from the missing part. The calculations and

adjustments made are presented in ref. [1]. After applying the preloading and the

adjustment forces, all the measuring equipment excluding the measurement of the

applied forces was set to zero. Due to the gravity load (including the tip

preloading) and adjustment, the measurements were started at 30% of the Risø

load. A more detailed explanation and verification can be found in ref. [1].

2.2 Measurements

The experimental methods used in the tests include a large number of strain gauges

and displacement sensors. Moreover, an advanced 3D optical measuring system

(DIC) and acoustic emission equipment has been used. A detailed description of

the data and measurements equipments as well as how the tests were performed

can be found in ref. [1].

This report covers the results from pulls with 80% Risø load and for the region of

interest when evaluating the coupling between the panels presented in Figure 4.2.

Figure 2.4 presents the placement of measurement equipment at the 3m section, for

some important measurements when evaluating invention E. The letters are

notations for specific placements at all sections of the blade. The indices to these

letters refer to the side of the blade: S for suction side and P for pressure side. The

strain gauges were mounted in the „back to back‟ manner where it was practically

feasible.

F1 F2

F3

6 Risø-R 1748(EN)

Figure 2.4. Positions of the measurement equipment crucial for the investigations presented in

this report.

The direction of the strain with respect to the blade are 1 - longitudinal direction, 2

- transversal direction, as indicated in Figure 2.5.

Figure 2.5. Directions of the strain measurements with respect to the blade.

For further, detailed explanation of the measurement equipment positioning see ref.

[1], [3] and [4]. All the strain gauge positions for the test at 80% Risø load are

listed in Appendix A and the remaining ones are presented in the first data report

ref. [1].

1

2

suction side

pressure side

Risø-R 1748(EN) 7

3. Results

The pulls were performed in order to test the blade up to 80 % of Risø load, which

corresponds to the certification load, and at the same time performing

measurements to investigate the influence of the invention E. At 80% Risø load the

data was collected by means of the measurement equipment situated in the areas

where the blade was most likely to fail.

The pulls at 80% Risø load were repeated, and the study of these results revealed

that the results changed when the pulls were recurrent. The pulls

ELLT_6_250610_A, ELLT_6_250610_B and ELLT_6_250610_C were all

performed at the same date. The pulls ELLT_6_250610_B and ELLT_6_250610_C

were performed in order to get DIC measurements in 4 and 11m sections without

the invented reinforcement implemented. The pulls ELLT_4_131009_A and

ELLT_6_250610_A are performed with the reinforcement (see the description of

the reinforcement in chapter 4.1). Between pull ELLT_6_290110 and

ELLT_6_250610_A the reinforcement of the maintenance hole in the web has been

implemented, see Figure 2.1 in Section 2.

Table 3.1 presents the individual pulls and the order in which they were performed.

Table 3.1 . List of tests presented in this data report

Name of pull Load

in%

Date Invention

implemented

Center of DIC-

measurements

ELLT_4_131009_A 60% 131009 yes 4m P

ELLT_1_191009_A 60% 191009 no 16m S

ELLT_6_290110 80% 290110 no no

ELLT_6_250610_A 80% 250610 first pull yes 4m P

ELLT_6_250610_B 80% 250610 second pull no 4m P

ELLT_6_250610_C 80% 250610 third pull no 11m P

This chapter describes the findings from pulls performed at 80% Risø load which is

not concerning the investigation of the Invention. The findings described are:

- Strain measurement at the adhesive joint in 4.5 m in position Ep

- Global flap wise deformation in 10 m

- Strain gauge measurements at the middle of pressure side trailing edge

panels

In Appendix A, a list with the measurement equipment used in the tests is

presented.

8 Risø-R 1748(EN)

3.1 Strain Gauge Measurement at the Adhesive Joint

One of the measurements which changed during repeated measurements is the

longitudinal strain inside the blade in 4.5m at position Ep. These results are shown

in the diagrams in this section. Figure 3.1 shows the location for these

measurements.

Figure 3.1. The position inside the panels showing changes during repeated pulls.

The transversal strain measurements at 4.5m inside and outside the blade at the Ep

position, as described, did not show any evident changes during repeated pulls.

The results from these measurements can be found in Appendix B.

The result from the longitudinal strain measurements inside the panels are shown in

Figure 3.2. As described in section 2.1 and in ref. [1], strains are reset to zero at

30% Risø load, as the load is adjusted according to the gravity load of the blade.

For strains being a linear function of the moment, the total strain is found by

elongating the strain curve to horizontal axis.

Risø-R 1748(EN) 9

A. First pull with 80% Risø load. This pull is performed

without reinforcement of the maintenance hole and

without the invented reinforcement between the panels

B. Third pull with 80% Risø load, and second pull

without the invented reinforcement and also the second

pull with the reinforcement of the maintenance hole.

C. Forth pull with 80% Risø load. It is the third pull

without the invented reinforcement, and the third pull

with the reinforcement of the maintenance hole.

D. Second pull with 80% Risø load, which is the first

pull with the invented reinforcement and the first pull

with the reinforcement of the maintenance hole.

Figure 3.2. Results from strain measurements in 4.5 m where the strain behaviour has changed during repeated measurements.

The strain gauges presented are placed back to back and the strain gauge studied is SG_256_1.

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Str

ain

[µ

S]

Local bending moment [kNm]

SG 256_1 (ELTT_6-290110.bin) SG 257_1 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)

strain measured @ 4,5[m] from rootELTT_6-29011019

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Str

ain

[µ

S]


SG 256_1 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin) SG 257_1 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)

strain measured @ 4,5[m] from rootELTT_6_250610_B19

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Str

ain

[µ

S]


SG 256_1 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin) SG 257_1 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)

strain measured @ 4,5[m] from rootELTT_6_250610_C19

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Str

ain

[µ

S]


SG 256_1 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin) SG 257_1 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)

strain measured @ 4,5[m] from rootELTT_6_250610_A19

10 Risø-R 1748(EN)

During the first and second pull performed at 80% Risø load, the blade was

monitored with acoustic emission in 4m and 11.5m. These measurements did not

show any indication of damage on the blade. A failure in the blade during test was

expected to be recorded, since the microphones in 4m were close to the investigated

strain gauge. The acoustic emission results are given in Appendix C.

The strain gauge giving interesting measurement was placed at the glued connection

between the box and the panels. This area of the blade was examined visually.

Inspection of the adhesive joint between the panels and the box did not reveal any

significant phenomena.

The photos in Figure 3.3 shows the strain gauge glued to the surface.

Figure 3.3 Photos of the area near to the strain gauge measurement at 4.5m.

Measurements given in previous pulls by this strain gauge, called SG 257_1, were

examined in order to explore its history. Study of the result from pre-test and the first

test revealed that this strain gauge shown peculiar behaviour from the beginning, see

Figure 3.4.

Fig. a Fig. b

Figure 3.4 Fig. a. Result from a pre-test with SG 257_1. The result above presents both loading

and unloading of the blade. Fig. b. Results from the first pull with measurements of SG

257_1.

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

0 200 400 600 800 1.000

Str

ain

[µ

S]


SG 256_1 (ELTT_3 - 060809_A.bin) SG 257_1 (ELTT_3 - 060809_A.bin)

strain measured @ 4,5[m] from rootELTT_3-060809_A40

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

0 500 1.000 1.500

Str

ain

[µ

S]


SG 256_1 (ELTT_3_041109_a.bin) SG 257_1 (ELTT_3_041109_a.bin)


Risø-R 1748(EN) 11

3.2 Flapwise Deflection

During repeated pulls some interesting change in the flapwise deflection

measurement occurred at 10m. The deflection was reduced during repeated load

application. At the same time the deflection was more sensible to the load

application procedure, and it rose abruptly when the loads were adjusted.

In Figure 3.5, measurement equipment at 10m section is shown, and measurement

called ASM_100_23, ASM_100_24 and ASM_100_25 are examined. They are placed

on the suction side of the blade and are connected to the wall.

Figure 3.5. Measurement equipment at section 10m.

The results from the measurements discussed above are presented in Figure 3.6 to

Figure 3.8.

12 Risø-R 1748(EN)

Figure 3.6. ELTT_6_290110

10m flapwise deflection

First pull at 80% Risø

load (without the

invented reinforcement

and reinforcement of the

maintenance hole). The

maximum deflection is

10mm.

Figure 3.7

ELTT_6_250610_B 10m

flapwise deflection

Second pull at 80% Risø

load (without the


and with the

reinforcement of the



8mm.

Figure 3.8

ELLT_6_250610_C 10m

flapwise deflection

Third pull at 80% Risø

load (without the


and with the

reinforcement of the



6.5 mm.

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

0 500 1000 1500

Defle

ctio

n[m

m]


ASM-100-23 (ELTT_6-290110.bin) ASM-100-24 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)

ASM-100-25 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)

deflection measured @ 10[m] from rootELTT_6-29011028

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

mm

.


ASM-100-23 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin) ASM-100-24 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)

ASM-100-25 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)

Deflection measured @ 10[m] from root

ELTT_6_250610_B28

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

mm

.


ASM-100-23 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin) ASM-100-24 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)

ASM-100-25 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


ELTT_6_250610_C28

Risø-R 1748(EN) 13

3.3 Strain Measurements at the Middle of the Trailing Edge

Panels

Strain measurements at the middle of the trailing edge panels were compared before

and after reinforcing the maintenance hole in the web. The point for the comparison

is called Dp, its location is presented in Figure 2.4.

The pull performed before implementing the maintenance hole reinforcement is

ELLT_6_290110 and the one with the reinforcement is ELLT_250610_C.

The difference can be seen in the longitudinal strains around 4m and 5m.

Figure 3.9 Longitudinal strain at the middle of the panels (Dp)

for the blade before the maintenance hole in the web

was reinforced.

Figure 3.10 Longitudinal strain at the middle of the panels

(Dp) for the blade after the maintenance hole in

the web was reinforced

The changes could be caused by the reinforcement of the maintenance hole but other

explanations might be possible.

When the tests ELLT_6_290110 and ELLT_6_250610 were performed, the blade

was monitored with acoustic sensors in 4m and 11.5 m. The results from these

measurements did not indicate that any damage occurred to the blade during test, see

Appendix C.

In Appendix B the results from pulls with 80% Risø loads and at 60% Risø loads

with the invented reinforcements can be found.

The remaining measurements at 60% Risø load are documented in the previous

report, see ref. [1].

2 3 4 5 6 71.4 10

3

1.2 103

1 103

800

600

400

200

0

inner

outer

Pull ELLT_6_290110

Distance from root [m]

Lo

ngit

ud

inal

str

ain

[m

yS

]

2 3 4 5 6 71.4 10

3

1.2 103

1 103

800

600

400

200

0

inner

outer

Pull ELLT_6_250610_C


Lo

ngit

ud

inal

str

an

[m

yS

]

14 Risø-R 1748(EN)

4. Structural Solution under Investigation

4.1 The Patent / The invention

Out of plane deformations of wind turbine blade trailing edge panels cause peeling

stresses in the trailing edge that often result in fatigue failure in the trailing edge

adhesive joint. This phenomenon is presented in Figure 4.1. The load-carrying box

girder is also attached to the outer skin (aerofoil) with an adhesive joint sensitive to

peeling stresses. This can lead to another failure, i.e. skin debonding, see ref. [7] and

[8].

Figure 4.1. Sketch of the trailing edge shells with out of plane deformations. The close ups show

fatigue failure at the trailing edge as well as debonding of the outer skin on the box

girder.

The failure in adhesive joints might be addressed by preventing the panels‟

deformations as in the patented solution presented in Figure 4.2. Implemented

connecting wires (or thread) prevent from urging the two connected points away

from each other, strengthening the shell against deformation.

Figure 4.2. Reinforcement solution with the trailing edge panels coupled. Patent E, ref.[2].

Risø-R 1748(EN) 15

4.2 Measurements for Prove of Concept

The experiments presented in this section are from tests performed in order to

investigate the influence of the reinforcement on the structural behaviour of the

blade cross-section. The implementation of the reinforcement is shown in Figure 4.3,

where trailing edge panels were coupled with 6mm nylon line (called wires). This

coupling was established between 3.5m to 4.5m.

Figure 4.3. Photo inside the blade showing the reinforcement between the panels.

The test was conducted as described in ref. [1], and the measurements were

compared to sections in the relevant area. In order to capture the magnitude of the

forces in the reinforcement wires, three force transducers were connected to the

wires. Figure 4.4 presents the results from these transducers at pulls with 60% Risø

load. The result shown is between 30% and 60% Risø load, and before the pulls were

performed the wires were pre-stressed to around 100N. As depicted in the figure, the

maximum forces were measured to be 270N.

16 Risø-R 1748(EN)

Figure 4.4. Graphs showing the forces in the reinforcement wires during testing.

Appendix A presents the measurement equipment placement for this test. The data

from the measurement shown by means of graph tool can be found in Appendix B.

-0,30

-0,25

-0,20

-0,15

-0,10

-0,05

0,00

0 500 1.000 1.500

Fo

rces [kN

]


FT-4 (ELTT_5_181109_A.bin) FT-5 (ELTT_5_181109_A.bin) FT-6 (ELTT_5_181109_A.bin)

forces measured @ 4[m] from root

ELTT_5-181109_A1

Risø-R 1748(EN) 17

5. Results With and Without Reinforcement

This section presents the comparison of results obtained during full scale testing of

the blade with the invented reinforcement and the blade without this reinforcement.

The results for 60% Risø load from full scale test without reinforcement are

presented in the previous data report ref. [1] and the ones from pulls with the

reinforcement can be found in Appendix B.

5.1 Overview of the Deformation

As the invented reinforcement is mounted in the middle of the trailing edge panels, it

is suitable to start the investigation by comparing the deformation at this position

before and after the reinforcement. In Figure 5.1 and Figure 5.2 the deformations are

compared, respectively at the pressure and the suction side.

The results presented are for 60% Risø load, as the measurement equipment for these

measurements was removed at 80% Risø load. This was done because the frames

used for these measurements would disturb the DIC measurements.

It is visible in Figure 5.1 presenting the pressure side that the deformation at 4m is

reduced when the blade is reinforced. The difference in magnitude of the

deformation is 1mm, so the deformation has been reduced by approximately 20%. It

shows that the reinforcement reduces the maximum deformation, where the

reinforcement is placed. However, at the same time the reinforcement increases the

area with large deformation amplitude in the area towards the tip where there is no

reinforcement. The curve of the deformation of the reinforced blade shows a double

wave. This wave appears in other measurements as well. The deformation shown is

moving toward the tip.

Figure 5.2 presents similar results for the suction side. The deformation on this side

is somewhat smaller than on the pressure side, and the behaviour of the deformation

with and without the reinforcement is similar. In this figure, the sign of the presented

deformation results are reversed according to the sign of the measurements in order

to illustrate that the panels are moving apart from each other.

Figure 5.1 Comparison of the deflection measured in

the middle of the pressure side panel for the blade with

and without reinforcement.

Figure 5.2. Comparison of the deflection measured in

the middle of the suction side panel for the blade with


0 4 8 12 16 202

0

2

4

6

Without reinforcement

With reinforcement

Pressure side panel deformation


Def

lect

ion

[m

m]

0 4 8 12 16 202

0

2

4

6

Without reinforcement

With reinforcment

Suction side panel deformation


Defl

ect

ion

[m

m]

18 Risø-R 1748(EN)

5.2 Strain Result Study

In this section, the strain measurements at relevant locations on the blade are

presented in order to study the effect of the reinforcement. Of interest is the strain

measurement at the middle of the panels as the reinforcement is acting in this

position. This position is denoted as D, see Figure 5.3. The reinforcement is to

prevent problems at the adhesive joints at the trailing edge, position A, and between

the box and the panels, position E, and they are presented as well.

As the change in suction side deformation is not significant, only results from

pressure side and the trailing edge are presented further.

Figure 5.3. Positions of the measurements crucial for the investigations presented in this section.

Strain measurements results for each position are presented separately. The first

results are at Dp. These strains are presented for both 60% and for 80% Risø load,

since the web has been reinforced in between the measurement at 60% Risø load and

80% Risø load.

Figure 5.4 to Figure 5.11 are all strain measurement at point D on the pressure side

panel. The results are shown for the area around 4.5m.

Figure 5.4 and Figure 5.5 are longitudinal and transversal strain for 60% Risø load

and with the invented reinforcement between the panels.

Figure 5.6 and Figure 5.7 shows the same measurement as the above but without

reinforcement.

Figure 5.8 and Figure 5.9 present longitudinal and transversal strain for 80% Risø

load with the invented reinforcement. In these pulls the maintenance hole in the web

was reinforced.

Figure 5.10 and Figure 5.11 the same measurement as the previous ones but without

the invented reinforcement.

Figure 5.4 presents strain results in the longitudinal direction measured on the

pressure side at position D (in the middle of the panel) throughout the region of

interest. It indicates a significant deformation around 4m section. Comparison

between measurements in Figure 5.4 and in Figure 5.6 (the same measurement

without reinforcement) shows that the maximum strains, as expected, are reduced as

the panel deformation is prevented around 4m in the reinforced blade.

Risø-R 1748(EN) 19

Figure 5.4. Strain in the longitudinal direction (1) at

position D (in the middle of the panel) at the pressure

side. The measurements were taken for 60% loads and

with the reinforcement implemented.

Figure 5.5. Strain in the transversal direction at position D

at the pressure side. The results are for the reinforced

blade at 60% load.

Figure 5.5 presents strain results for transversal direction. It shows that a significant,

although smooth and not localised, deformation is formed also in the transversal

direction. It indicates some characteristic of a double-wave. Comparison of the

results in Figure 5.7 with those in Figure 5.5 (reinforced) clearly shows that the

reinforcement has also an influence on the transversal strain at that region.

Figure 5.6 Strain in the longitudinal direction at 60% load for

the blade without reinforcement

Figure 5.7. Strain in the transversal direction at 60% Risø

load for the blade without reinforcement.

The results shown in Figure 5.8 to Figure 5.9 are measured at the position D on the

pressure side as well. However, this time the load is 80% of Risø load, and these

tests were performed after the maintenance hole was reinforced.

Pull called ELLT_6_250610_A is performed with the reinforced blade, and pull

ELLT_6_250610_C is without reinforcement.

The results from these tests are similar to the test from 60% Risø load.

2 3 4 5 6 7700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

inner

outer

Pressure side strain (Reinforced blade)


Longitunin

al s

trai

n [

myS

]

2 3 4 5 6 7100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

inner

outer

Pressure side strain (Reinforced blade)


Tra

nsv

ersa

l st

rain

[myS

]

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10800

600

400

200

0

inner

outer

Pressure side strain. 60%load. No reinforcement


Longitudin

al s

trai

n[m

yS

]

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10200

0

200

400

600

800

inner

outer

Pressure side strain, 60% load. No reinforcement

Distance from root[m]

Tra

nsv

ersa

l st

rain

[my

S]

20 Risø-R 1748(EN)

Figure 5.8. Strain in the longitudinal direction at 80% Risø

load for the reinforced blade. Before this

measurement the maintenance hole in the web was

reinforced too.

Figure 5.9. Strain in the transversal direction. The blade is

reinforced in the panels and the maintenance hole

web is reinforced as well.

Figure 5.10 Strain measured in the longitudinal direction for

80% Risø load. There is no reinforcement

between the panels.

Figure 5.11 Strain measured in the transversal direction for

80% Risø load. The panels are not reinforced.

The reinforcement investigated is invented in order to prevent failure in the adhesive

joints. Therefore, the strain measurements at the adhesive joints in the trailing edges,

position A, and at the adhesive joints between the box and the panels, points E, are

examined.

In Table 5.1 and Table 5.2, the strain measurements at the trailing edge, (A) are

presented at 4m for the blade both with and without the reinforcement. In Table5.3

and Table 5.4 results from strain measurements in the same section at the adhesive

joints between box and panels (point E) are presented.

The results are presented for 60% Risø load, as these measurements were not

performed at 80% Risø load.

2 3 4 5 6 71.4 10

3

1.2 103

1 103

800

600

400

200

0

inner

outer

Pull ELLT_6_250610_A

Distance from root[m]

Lo

ng

itu

din

al s

trai

n [

my

S]

2 3 4 5 6 7600

300

0

300

600

900

1.2 103

1.5 103

inner

outer

Pull ELLT_6_250610_A


Tra

nsv

ersa

l st

rain

[m

yS

]

2 3 4 5 6 71.4 10

3

1.2 103

1 103

800

600

400

200

0

inner

outer

Pull ELLT_6_250610_C


Longit

udin

al s

tran

[m

yS

]

2 3 4 5 6 7600

300

0

300

600

900

1.2 103

1.5 103

inner

outer

Pull ELTT_6_250610_C


Tra

nver

sal st

rain

[m

yS

]

Risø-R 1748(EN) 21

Table 5.1 Strain measurements at the trailing edge adhesive joint for the test with reinforcement.

Reinforced blade: Strain measurement at trailing edge

Distance from

root [m] Ao1 Ao2 Ai1 Ai2

3 -810 -710

4 -900 -100 -750 750

5 -900 -900

Table 5.2 Strain measurements at the trailing edge adhesive joint for the test without the

reinforcement.

Blade without: Strain measurement at trailing edge

Distance from

root [m] Ao1 [μS] Ao2 [μS] Ai1 [μS] Ai2 [μS]

3 -800 -710

4 -900 -200 -700 800

5 -890 -900

In the 4m section the reinforcement influence on the panels is most pronounced.

Thus, the results from the strain measurements at the adhesive joints between the

box and the panels are presented for this section.

Table5.3. Strain measurements on the inner and outer side of the pressure side panel at the

adhesive joints at box girder (position E), 4m section. Comparison of the results for the test with


Table 5.4. Strain measurements on the inner and outer side of the suction side panel at the

adhesive joints at box girder (position E), 4m section. Comparison of the results for the test with


Pressure side strain measurement at 4m, Ep , with and without reinforcement

Epo1 [μS] Epo2 [μS]

With reinforcement -340 165

Without -320 120

Suction side strain measurement at 4m, Ep with and without reinforcement

Eso1 [μS] Eso2 [μS] Esi1 [μS] Esi2 [μS]

With reinforcement -120 100 -120 160

Without -115 130 -115 120

22 Risø-R 1748(EN)

5.3 Influence of the Reinforcement on the Shear Distortion

The trailing edge panels and the box girder are connected with adhesive joints.

Therefore, the reinforcement might influence the box behaviour and was therefore

examined. The measurements presenting the deformation of the box are therefore

compared to tests with and without the panel reinforcement. Figure 5.12 presents the

positions, where the measurements discussed in the following table were taken.

Table 5.5 and Table 5.6 give the box girder deformation measurement data for 60%

Risø load without and with the reinforcement. The results in 3m from these two tests

indicate that the reinforcement might have influence on the distortion of the box.

Table 5.5. Measurements of shear deformation inside the box for the unreinforced blade

section Gs-Ep Es-Gp I-J J-K Ds-Dp

3 m -0.4 0 2.5 x 0

4 m -1.1 0 1.5 0 5.5

5 m 4.3

6 m 3.2

7 m -1.6 0.7 0.4 -0.07 2.7

10 m -0.7 0.7 0.2 -0.05 0

Table 5.6. Measurements of shear deformation inside the box for the reinforced blade

section Gs-Ep Es-Gp I-J J-K Ds-Dp

3 m. -0.65 0 2.5 x 0

4 m. -0.9 0 2.5 -0.1 3.7

5 m. 4.3

6 m. 3.2

7 m. 2.8

10 m. -0.9 0.9 -0.03 0.16 0.05

The maintenance hole in the trailing edge web were reinforced between the first and

second pull at 80% Risø load, as presented in Section 2. Therefore, comparison of

tests with and without the invention at 80% Risø load is only possible after the

maintenance hole reinforcement is implemented. However, the test performed on

January 29th 2010 (290110) without the web reinforcement and without the invented

panel reinforcement is presented in order to give an impression of the influence of

the maintenance hole reinforcement on the box girder.

In Table 5.7, results called 250610_A are the test with the invention implemented,

whereas 250610_B and 250610_C are tests without it. The 4m section results for

tests B and C differ slightly. But they together differ significantly from pull (A) with

the reinforcement. The shear distortion is much more pronounced in the reinforced

blade, see Table 5.7

Risø-R 1748(EN) 23

Table 5.7. Measurements inside the blade with and without the invented reinforcement.

Gs-Ep Es-Gp I-J J-K Ds-Dp

4 m.

290110

250610_A

250610_B

250610_C

-2.2

-3

-1

-0.6

1.7

2

1.2

0.7

2.2

3.5

3.5

3.5

1

0

0

0

11

7

11

11

5 m.

290110

250610_A

250610_B

250610_C

7.3

6.5

7

6.8

6 m.

290110

250610_A

250610_B

250610_C

5.5

5

4.5

4.5

7 m.

290110

250610_A

250610_B

250610_C

4.8

4.3

4.3

4.3

10 m.

290110

250610_A

250610_B

250610_C

-2

-2.5

-1.2

-0.8

2

1

0.9

0.8

-0.13

0

0

0

0.35

0

0.06

0

1.2

0.6

0.55

0.65

24 Risø-R 1748(EN)

Fig. a Fig. b

Figure 5.12. Fig. a. Scheme presenting positions for measurement equipment that gathered the

data discussed in Table 5.7 (4m section is shown). Fig. b. Photo taken inside the

blade showing the measurement equipment.

Risø-R 1748(EN) 25

6. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and FEM

results

This section presents the results from the DIC measurement performed during tests

with and without reinforcement. The comparison between the FEM analyses and

DIC of the pressure side trailing edge panel (not reinforced) is presented as well. The

FEM analysis of the panels in tension is studied together with the behaviour under

compression.

6.1 DIC Comparison With and Without Reinforcement

The digital image correlation system (DIC), described in a previous data report, ref.

[1], is used to document the behaviour of the panels between 3.5m and 5m sections.

These measurements were performed at 60% load both with and without

reinforcement of the panels. Figure 6.1 and Figure 6.2 present the measurements

with and without the reinforcement respectively.

Figure 6.1 Snapshot from 3.5m - 5m section at 60% Risø load without reinforcement between the

panels

26 Risø-R 1748(EN)

Figure 6.2 Snapshot from 3,5m-5m section at 60% Risø load with reinforcement between the

panels.

These results show, confirming the displacement measurements presented in Section

5.1, that the displacement of the middle points of the panels is reduced when the

blade is reinforced.

Figure 6.2 showing the displacement field of the panel with the reinforcement clearly

indicates that there is a double wave. This behaviour was also revealed by the

displacement measurements.

The DIC measurements in the same area at 80% Risø load display similar results

except from the fact that the double wave is more pronounced at 60% Risø load, see

Figure 6.3 and Figure 6.4.

Figure 6.3 Snapshot from 3.5m - 5m section at 80% Risø load without reinforcement between the

panels

Risø-R 1748(EN) 27

Figure 6.4 Snapshot from 3,5m-5m section at 80% Risø load with reinforcement between the

panels.

More results from the DIC measurements can be found in Appendix D.

6.2 Comparison between FEM Analyses and DIC

In Figure 6.1 (without reinforcement) a double wave is visible, even if not evident.

Comparing these results with the reinforced blade (Figure 6.2), implementing the

reinforcement has „pulled‟ the top of the waves away from each other.

The discussed double wave for the unreinforced blade was also recognised in FEM

study. The deformation distribution field obtained by FEM was compared to that

found with the DIC measurements. The results, presented in

Figure 6.5, confirm that the FE-model corresponds well with the full-scale test. In

both cases, there appears a „double wave‟ and there is no „phase shift‟ of the

deformation position. Some insignificant differences come from the fact that the

frames of reference (black frames visible in

Figure 6.5a) was mounted in not precise positions. Nonetheless, the distribution is

virtually identical both in shape and values attained.

28 Risø-R 1748(EN)

Figure 6.5 Comparison of experimental and numerical results for the out of plane deformation.

Fig. a: Deformation distribution obtained with Aramis. Fig. b: FEM results from

a corresponding load step in the same region. The scale has been adjusted for a better

visualization of the comparison. From [5].

The results presented above come from an experiment performed during the summer

of 2009. The experimental procedure has been further developed since that time.

Nonetheless, the findings are relevant. It is further shown that the same behaviour

was captured in the latest tests.

In Figure 6.6, a profile of the deformation obtained with FE analysis is presented. It

shows the pressure side trailing edge panel deformation at several load increments.

The displacement plotted is measured at the panel midpoints, which correspond to

the point where the deformation reaches its highest amplitude. This figure

demonstrates highly localized character of the deformation. It also visualizes the

duplex shape of the deformation even in very early stage of its development. At 5%

of load the amplitude is very small and the double wave is not easily visible, thus,

these results were scaled 4 times.

Figure 6.6. Development of the out of plane deformation profile at the pressure side trailing edge

panel in the blades' root section. From [5].

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,5

de

form

atio

n [

mm

]

distance from the root [m]

Development of the out of plane deformation at the pressure side trailing panel

5% load

5% load scaled 4 times

25% load

50% load

Frame of reference (5m)

Fig. a Fig. b

Risø-R 1748(EN) 29

6.3 Behaviour of the Panels under Tension

The study of the root region behaviour confirmed a structurally significant local

deformation of the pressure side trailing edge panel. An investigation of the nature of

deformation was conducted. The aim was to test if the nonlinear behaviour of the

deformation is dominated by buckling. First, the strain results were studied and

then to further test the hypothesis of buckling influence, the response of the panel

subjected to tension was investigated.

Buckling occurs only in compression and that causes local compression. Therefore,

if the studied panel in tension does not deform, it will indicate that the phenomenon

may be caused by buckling.

In order to put the panel under tension, load was applied to the blade in Trailing

Towards Leading edge direction (TTL). The trailing edge panel under this load is

presented in Figure 6.7. Not only an oppositely directed (inwards) deformation

occurs in tension but also it has a similar shape to the one observed in compression.

Figure 6.7. The pressure side trailing edge panel in tension (TTL loading of the blade). The fringe

presents displacement transversal to the loading direction. From [5].

The local displacement in the point of the deformation‟s highest amplitude is

presented in Figure 6.8. It is clearly visible that the deformation develops in the same

non-linear manner achieving virtually the same value as in compression (the

difference is 2%). More details on this study can be found in ref. [6].

-18

-16

-14

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

dis

pla

cem

en

t [m

m]

load [% of the ultimate load]

Comparison of local deformation development for different loading directions

LTT

TTL mirored at max

30 Risø-R 1748(EN)

Figure 6.8. Local out of plane displacement comparison for tension and compression of the panel

(corresponding to LTT and TTL load cases). From [5].

These results show that behaviour corresponding to the one observed in compression

occurs for the panel in tension. Therefore it can be concluded that the investigated

local deformation nonlinearity is not buckling driven. However, if the loading

continues above the ultimate value it can be expected that the deformation will result

in buckling occurrence.

It needs to be stressed that the deformation needs to be addressed independently of

its nature. This is because the high deformation amplitude causes the failure in the

adhesive joint.

Risø-R 1748(EN) 31

7. Summary and Conclusion

This report presents tests carried out on a truncated blade from SSP technology A/S,

for 60% and 80% Risø-defined load. The test at 80% Risø load was repeated before

and after a maintenance hole in the web was reinforced. This reinforcement reflected

on the measurement results. This data report contains the raw data from pulls with

80% Risø load and the results from pulls where the blade was reinforced according

to a recently patented invention E, i.e. coupling of the trailing edge panels.

Test results with and without the reinforcement implemented were compared. It

showed that the maximum amplitude of the trailing edge panel deformation was

reduced by approximately 20%. However, at the same time the area of the

deformation increased. Study of the strain at the adhesive joints with and without the

reinforcement did not reveal significant difference. The measurements indicating the

deformation of the box girder showed increase of the distortion behaviour when

implementing the reinforcement.

The DIC measurements presenting the displacement field of the panel indicate that

there is a double wave. This behaviour was also revealed by the displacement

measurements. The DIC results also confirm that the displacement of the middle

points of the panels is reduced when the blade is reinforced.

The FEM results for the not reinforced blade were compared to the DIC

measurement and the agreement was satisfactory. The behaviour of the panel in

tension is also presented briefly implying that the studied deformation is not

buckling driven.

32 Risø-R 1748(EN)

8. References

[1] Nielsen, M., Jensen, F. M., Nielsen, P. H., Berring, P., Martyniuk, K.,

Roczek, A., Sieradzan, T., Roudnitski, V., Kucio, P., Bitsche, R., Andreasen, P.,

Lukassen, T., Andrlová, Z., Branner, K., Bak, C., Kallesøe, B., McGugan M., “Full

Scale Test of SSP 34m blade, edgewise loading LTT. Data Report 1” Risø-R-

1718(EN). (January 2010)

[2] Jensen, F. M., “PCT/DK2009/000149 Coupling of trailing edge panels

(patent E)”

[3] Jensen, F. M., Branner, K., Nielsen, P. H., Berring, P., Antvorskov, T. S.,

Nielsen, M., Lund, B., Jensen, C., Reffs, J. H., Nielsen, R. F., Jensen, P. H.,

McGugan, M., Borum, K., Hansen, R. S., Skamris, C., Sørensen, F., Nielsen, R.

S.,Laursen, J. H., Klein, M., Morris, A., Gwayne, A., Stang, H., Wedel-Heinen,

J.,Dear, J. P., Puri, A., Fergusson, A. “Full-scale Test of a SSP34m box girder 1 –

Data Report”. Risø-R-RIS88(EN). (March 2008)

[4] Jensen, F.M. , Branner, K., Nielsen., P. H, Berring, P., Antvorskov, T. S.,

Nielsen, M., Reffs, J.H., Jensen, P.H, McGugan, M., Skamris, C., Sørensen,

F.,Nielsen, R.S., Laursen, J.H., Klein, M., Morris, A., Stang, H., Wedel-Heinen,

J.,Dear, J.P., Puri, A., Fergusson, A. “Full-scale Test of a SSP34m box girder 2 –

Data Report”. Risø-R-1622(EN). (April 2008)

[5] Roczek, A.“Optimization of Material Layup for Wind Turbine Blade

Trailing Edge Panels” Master thesis. Risø DTU National Laboratory for Sustainable

Energy (2009)

[6] Roczek, A., Sieradzan, T. “Structural behaviour of trailing edge panels in

an SSP34m wind turbine blade” Student report (Special course). Technical

University of Denmark and Risø National Laboratory. (February 2009)

[7] Jensen, F. M. ”Ultimate strength of a large wind turbine blade”, Risø-PhD-

34(EN) (May 2008)

[8] Find M. Jensen, Amit S. Puri, John P. Dear, Kim Branner, Andrew Morris.

“Investigating the impact of non-linear geometrical effects on wind turbine blades

Part 1: Current design status and future challenges in design optimization”, (Wind

Energy Journal August 2010-DOI:10.1002/we.415)

Risø-R 1748(EN) 33

9. Appendices

A List with measurement equipment and its placement ......................p. 1

Strain gauge position extreme load

Group with deflection measurements

Section on the blade with measurement equipment

B Data presented by graph tool ............................................................p. 15

B1 Measurement of pull with panel reinforcement................................p. 16

60% Risø load ELLT_131009_A

B1a Strain gauge measurement

B1b Deflection measurement

B2 Strain measurements of pulls with 80% Risø load..... .....................p. 37

B2a ELLT_6_290110

B2b ELLT_6_250610_A

B2c ELLT_6_250610_B

B2d ELLT_6_250610_C

B3 Deflection measurements of pulls with 80% Risø load................... p. 98

B3a ELLT_6_290110

B3b ELLT_6_250610_A

B3c ELLT_6_250610_B

B3d ELLT_6_250610_C

C Acoustic emission................................................................................p. 112

D DIC.......................................................................................................p. 118

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Appendix 14 of 124

B Data presented by Graph tool

Appendix 15 of 124

B1 Measurement of pull with trailing edge panel reinforcement at 60% Risø load (ELLT_131009_A)

B.1.a Measured strain vs. bending moment

Measurements obtained from strain gauges in: Main section in Test ELTT_4-131009_A

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 304_1 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin) SG 303_1 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin)


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 500 1.000 1.500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]



strain measured @ 4[m] from rootELTT_4-131009_A11

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 500 1.000 1.500

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 16 of 124

-180

-160

-140

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

0 500 1.000 1.500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1.000 1.500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

0 500 1.000 1.500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-140

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

0 500 1.000 1.500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 17 of 124

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

0 500 1.000 1.500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-160

-140

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

0 500 1.000 1.500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

0 500 1.000 1.500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

0 500 1.000 1.500

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 18 of 124

-50

050

100150

200250

300350

400450

0 500 1.000 1.500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 500 1.000 1.500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 500 1.000 1.500

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 117_1 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin)

SG 117_1 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin)


-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 117_2 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin)

SG 117_2 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin)


-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1.000 1.500

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 19 of 124

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1.000 1.500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1.000 1.500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 500 1.000 1.500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 500 1.000 1.500

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 20 of 124

-50

050

100150

200250

300350

400450

0 500 1.000 1.500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 500 1.000 1.500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 21 of 124

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 22 of 124

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 23 of 124

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 24 of 124

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-140

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 25 of 124

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200-180-160-140-120-100

-80-60-40-20

020

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 26 of 124

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




-900

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 27 of 124

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 28 of 124

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 29 of 124

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 30 of 124

B.1.b The deflections measurements vs. local bending moment

Deflections measured in test ELTT_4-131009_A

-0,16-0,14-0,12-0,10-0,08-0,06-0,04-0,020,000,020,040,06

0 500 1000 1500

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


NT-50-1 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin) NT-50-2 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin)

Deflection measured @ 3[m] from rootELTT_4-1310091

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

0 500 1000 1500

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


ASM-100-8 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin) ASM-100-10 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin)


-0,8

-0,7

-0,6

-0,5

-0,4

-0,3

-0,2

-0,1

0,0

0,1

0 500 1000 1500

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]




-0,1

-0,1

-0,1

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,1

0,1

0,1

0 500 1000 1500

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


ASM-100-1 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin)


Appendix 31 of 124

-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

0 500 1000 1500

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


NT-50-3 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin)


-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

0 500 1000 1500

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]

Local bending moment [kNm]ASM-100-29 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin) ASM-100-30 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin)

ASM-100-31 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin)


-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

0 500 1000 1500

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]




-1,0

-0,8

-0,6

-0,4

-0,2

0,0

0,2

0 500 1000 1500

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]




-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

0 500 1000 1500

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]




-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

0 500 1000 1500

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


ASM-100-2 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin)


Appendix 32 of 124

-0,04

-0,02

0,00

0,02

0,04

0,06

0,08

0,10

0,12

0,14

0 500 1000 1500

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


ASM-100-26 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin)


-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

0 500 1000 1500

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


NT-100-1 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin)

Deflection measured @ 4,5[m] from rootELTT_4-1310094

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

0 500 1000 1500

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]




-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

4,5

0 500 1000 1500

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


ASM-100-3 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin)


0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

0 500 1000 1500

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]




-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

0 500 1000 1500

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


ASM-100-4 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin)


Appendix 33 of 124

-1,6

-1,4

-1,2

-1,0

-0,8

-0,6

-0,4

-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


ASM-100-34 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin)


-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]




-0,10

-0,05

0,00

0,05

0,10

0,15

0,20

0,25

0,30

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


ASM-100-17 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin)


-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


ASM-100-5 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin)


-0,1

-0,1

-0,1

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,1

0,1

0,1

0 500 1000

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


ASM-100-27 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin)


-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

1,6

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]




Appendix 34 of 124

-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]




-0,4

-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

0 200 400 600 800

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]




-1,0

-0,8

-0,6

-0,4

-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

0 200 400 600 800

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]




-0,05

0,00

0,05

0,10

0,15

0,20

0 200 400 600 800

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]




-0,01

0,00

0,01

0,02

0,03

0,04

0,05

0 200 400 600 800

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


ASM-100-6 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin)


-0,02

-0,02

-0,01

-0,01

0,00

0,01

0,01

0,02

0,02

0 200 400 600 800

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


ASM-100-28 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin)


Appendix 35 of 124

-0,4

-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

0 200 400 600 800

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]




-0,5

-0,4

-0,3

-0,2

-0,1

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0 200 400 600 800

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


NT-100-5 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin)


-0,8

-0,7

-0,6

-0,5

-0,4

-0,3

-0,2

-0,1

0,0

0,1

0 100 200 300 400

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


NT-100-6 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin)


-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

0 20 40 60 80 100

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


ASM-2000-7 (ELTT_4-131009_A.bin)


-0,30

-0,25

-0,20

-0,15

-0,10

-0,05

0,00

0 500 1.000 1.500

Forc

es [k

N]


FT-4 (ELTT_5_181109_A.bin) FT-5 (ELTT_5_181109_A.bin) FT-6 (ELTT_5_181109_A.bin)

forces measured @ 4[m] from rootELTT_5-181109_A1

Appendix 36 of 124

B2 Strain measurements of pull with trailing edge panel reinforcement at 80% Risø load

B2a ELLT_6_290110

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0,00E+00 5,00E+02 1,00E+03 1,50E+03 2,00E+03

Stra

in [µ

S]




-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]



strain measured @ 4[m] from rootELTT_6-2901103

-500

50100150200250300350400450500

0,00E+00 5,00E+02 1,00E+03 1,50E+03 2,00E+03

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 37 of 124

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0,00E+00 5,00E+02 1,00E+03 1,50E+03 2,00E+03

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0% 50000% 100000% 150000% 200000%

Stra

in [µ

S]




-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 38 of 124

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0 500 1.000 1.500 2.000

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 41_1 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 41_2 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1.000 1.500 2.000

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 117_1 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


-50

0

50

100

150

200

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 117_2 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 39 of 124

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-900

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0,00E+00 5,00E+02 1,00E+03 1,50E+03 2,00E+03

Stra

in [µ

S]




-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0,00E+00 5,00E+02 1,00E+03 1,50E+03 2,00E+03

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0% 50000% 100000% 150000% 200000%

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0,00E+00 5,00E+02 1,00E+03 1,50E+03 2,00E+03

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 40 of 124

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

0% 50000% 100000% 150000% 200000%

Stra

in [µ

S]




-40-20

020406080

100120140160180

0,00E+00 5,00E+02 1,00E+03 1,50E+03 2,00E+03

Stra

in [µ

S]




-500-450-400-350-300-250-200-150-100

-500

50

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 122_1 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


-1000

100200300400500600700800900

1000

0% 50000% 100000% 150000% 200000%

Stra

in [µ

S]




-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 41 of 124

-1000-900-800-700-600-500-400-300-200-100

0100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 78_2 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)

SG 78_2 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 42 of 124

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-500-450-400-350-300-250-200-150-100

-500

50

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-900

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 43 of 124

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 53_2 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 83_2 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


Appendix 44 of 124

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-900

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

-50

0

50

100

150

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 45 of 124

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 130_1 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 43_1 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 43_2 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 46 of 124

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 267_1 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 47 of 124

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 45_1 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 45_2 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)

SG 45_2 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 48 of 124

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 49 of 124

-900

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1800

-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 50 of 124

-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1800

-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 51 of 124

B2b ELLT_6_250610_A

-900

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 500 1000 1500 2000S

train

[µS

]Local bending moment [kNm]



-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]



strain measured @ 4[m] from rootELTT_6_250610_A3

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 52 of 124

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-900

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 53 of 124

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 41_1 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)


-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 41_2 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)


-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 117_1 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 117_2 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)


-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 54 of 124

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1000-900-800-700-600-500-400-300-200-100

0100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 55 of 124

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-500-450-400-350-300-250-200-150-100

-500

50

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 122_1 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)


-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0,00E+00 5,00E+02 1,00E+03 1,50E+03 2,00E+03

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 56 of 124

-900

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 78_2 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)


-1000-900-800-700-600-500-400-300-200-100

0100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 57 of 124

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-500

50100150200250300350400450500

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-900

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1000

100200300400500600700800900

1000

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 58 of 124

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 53_2 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)


-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




-500

50100150200250300350400450500

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 83_2 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)


Appendix 59 of 124

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




-80-60-40-20

020406080

100120140

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 60 of 124

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 130_1 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)


-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 43_1 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)


-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 43_2 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)


-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 61 of 124

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 267_1 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)


-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 62 of 124

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 45_1 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)


-500-450-400-350-300-250-200-150-100

-500

50

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 45_2 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)


-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 63 of 124

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 64 of 124

-900

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1800

-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 65 of 124

-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 66 of 124

B2c ELLT_6_250610_B

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0 500 1000 1500 2000St

rain

[µS




-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]



strain measured @ 4[m] from rootELTT_6_250610_B3

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 67 of 124

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]Local bending moment [kNm]



-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




0

50

100

150

200

250

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 41_1 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)


-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 41_2 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)


Appendix 68 of 124

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 117_1 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ


SG 117_2 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)


-900

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 69 of 124

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ




-900

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-40-20

020406080

100120140160180

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 70 of 124

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 122_1 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ




-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-900

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 78_2 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)


Appendix 71 of 124

-900

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ




0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 72 of 124

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ




-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 73 of 124

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ


SG 53_2 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)


-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 83_2 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)


-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 74 of 124

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ




0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




-80-60-40-20

020406080

100120140

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 130_1 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 75 of 124

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ


SG 43_1 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)


-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 43_2 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)


-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 76 of 124

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ


SG 267_1 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)

SG 267_1 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 77 of 124

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ


SG 45_1 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)


-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 45_2 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)


-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 78 of 124

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ




0

50

100

150

200

250

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 79 of 124

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ




-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 80 of 124

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Stra

in [µ




-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 81 of 124

B2d ELLT_6_250610_C

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 500 1000 1500 2000St

rain

[µS




-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]



strain measured @ 4[m] from rootELTT_6_250610_C3

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 82 of 124

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ




-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 41_1 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 41_2 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


Appendix 83 of 124

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 117_1 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


-200

20406080

100120140160180200

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ


SG 117_2 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


-1000-900-800-700-600-500-400-300-200-100

0100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 84 of 124

-1000

-900

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ




-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-50

0

50

100

150

200

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 85 of 124

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 122_1 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ




-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1000-900-800-700-600-500-400-300-200-100

0100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 78_2 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


Appendix 86 of 124

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ




-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 87 of 124

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ




-900

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 88 of 124

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ


SG 53_2 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 83_2 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-900

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 89 of 124

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ




-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

-50

0

50

100

150

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 130_1 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 90 of 124

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ


SG 43_1 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 43_2 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 91 of 124

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ


SG 43_1 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 500 1000 1500

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 43_2 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 92 of 124

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 267_1 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)

SG 267_1 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 93 of 124

-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 45_1 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]


SG 45_2 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 94 of 124

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-900

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 95 of 124

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1800

-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1800

-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 200 400 600 800

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 96 of 124

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Stra

in [µ

S]




-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Stra

in [µ

S]




Appendix 97 of 124

B3 Strain measurements of pull with trailing edge panel reinforcement at 80% Risø load

B3a ELLT_6_290110

-1,0

-0,8

-0,6

-0,4

-0,2

0,0

0,2

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Def

lect

ion[

mm

]


NT-50-1 (ELTT_6-290110.bin) NT-50-2 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

0,00 500,00 1000,00 1500,00 2000,00

Def

lect

ion[

mm

]




-1,5

-1,0

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]




0,00

0,05

0,10

0,15

0,20

0,25

0,30

0,35

0,40

0,45

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


ASM-100-1 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


Appendix 98 of 124

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


NT-50-3 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)

deflection measured @ 3,5[m] from rootELTT_6-2901102

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

0,00 500,00 1000,00 1500,00 2000,00

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]




-2,5

-2,0

-1,5

-1,0

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]




0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]




-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0,00E+00 5,00E+02 1,00E+03 1,50E+03 2,00E+03

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


ASM-100-2 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


NT-100-1 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)

deflection measured @ 4,5[m] from rootELTT_6-2901104

Appendix 99 of 124

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]




0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


ASM-100-3 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

4,5

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]




-1,0

0,0

1,0

2,0

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


ASM-100-4 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

0 500 1000 1500

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]




-0,10

-0,08

-0,06

-0,04

-0,02

0,00

0,02

0,04

0,06

0,08

0,10

0 500 1.000 1.500

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


ASM-100-17 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


Appendix 100 of 124

0,0

1,0

2,0

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

0 500 1000 1500

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


ASM-100-5 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

1,6

1,8

0 500 1000 1500

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]




-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

1,6

1,8

0 500 1000 1500

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]




-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

0 500 1000 1500

Def

lect

ion[

mm

]

Local bending moment [kNm]ASM-100-23 (ELTT_6-290110.bin) ASM-100-24 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)

ASM-100-25 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


-2,5

-2,0

-1,5

-1,0

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

0 500 1000 1500

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]




-0,2

-0,1

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0 500 1000 1500

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]




Appendix 101 of 124

-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

0 500 1000 1500

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


ASM-100-6 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

0 200 400 600

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


ASM-2000-4 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


-0,6

-0,5

-0,4

-0,3

-0,2

-0,1

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0 200 400 600

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


NT-100-6 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

0 50 100 150

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]


ASM-2000-7 (ELTT_6-290110.bin)


Appendix 102 of 124

B3b ELLT_6_250610_A

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

0 500 1000 1500 2000

mm

.


ASM-100-11 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin) ASM-100-12 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)

Deflection measured @ 4[m] from rootELTT_6_250610_A15

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

0 500 1000 1500 2000m

m.




0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 500 1000 1500 2000

mm

.


ASM-100-2 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 500 1000 1500 2000

mm


ASM-100-3 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)


ELTT_6_250610_A17

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 500 1000 1500

mm

.


NT-100-3 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin) NT-50-7 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)

Defection measured @ 6[m] from rootELTT_6_250610_A6

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 500 1000 1500

mm

.


ASM-100-4 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)


Appendix 103 of 124

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

mm

.




0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

4,5

5,0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

mm

.Local bending moment [kNm]

ASM-100-5 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)


-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

mm

.




-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

mm

.




-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

mm

.

Local bending moment [kNm]ASM-100-23 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin) ASM-100-24 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)

ASM-100-25 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)


-0,4

-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

mm

.


NT-100-6 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)


Appendix 104 of 124

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

mm

.




-1,0

-0,8

-0,6

-0,4

-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

mm

.




0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

mm

.


ASM-100-6 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)


-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

0 100 200 300 400 500

mm

.


ASM-2000-4 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)


-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

0 50 100 150

mm

.


ASM-2000-7 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 50 100 150

mm

Local bending moment at 22 m [kNm]ASM-4000-2 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin) ASM-4000-1 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)

ASM-2000-1 (ELTT_6_250610_A.bin)

Deflection measured at 10,16 and 22[m] ELTT_6_250610_A25

Appendix 105 of 124

B3c ELLT_6_250610_B

-1,5

-1,0

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

0 500 1000 1500 2000

mm

.



Deflection measured @ 4[m] from rootELTT_6_250610_B15

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

0 500 1000 1500 2000m

m.




0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 500 1000 1500 2000

mm

.


ASM-100-2 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 500 1000 1500 2000

mm

.


ASM-100-3 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)


0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

4,5

0 500 1000 1500

mm

]


NT-100-3 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin) NT-50-7 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)


0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

4,5

5,0

0 500 1000 1500

mm


ASM-100-4 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)


Appendix 106 of 124

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

mm




0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

4,5

5,0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

mm


ASM-100-5 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)


0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

1,6

1,8

2,0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

mm

.




-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

mm

.




-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

mm

.

Local bending moment [kNm]ASM-100-23 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin) ASM-100-24 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)

ASM-100-25 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)


-0,3

-0,2

-0,1

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

mm

.


NT-100-6 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)


Appendix 107 of 124

-1,5

-1,0

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

mm

.




-0,10

-0,05

0,00

0,05

0,10

0,15

0,20

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

mm

.




0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

mm

.


ASM-100-6 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)


-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

0 100 200 300 400 500

mm

.


ASM-2000-4 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)


-50

-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

0 50 100 150

mm

.


ASM-2000-7 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 50 100 150

mm

.

Bending moment [kNm] at 22mASM-4000-2 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin) ASM-4000-1 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)

ASM-2000-1 (ELTT_6_250610_B.bin)

Deflection measured at 10 m, 16m and 22m from rootELTT_6_250610_B25

Appendix 108 of 124

B3d ELLT_6_250610_C

-0,8

-0,6

-0,4

-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

0 500 1000 1500 2000

mm

.



Deflection measured @ 4[m] from rootELTT_6_250610_C15

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

0 500 1000 1500 2000m

mLocal bending moment [kNm]



-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 500 1000 1500 2000

mm

.


ASM-100-2 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


ELTT_6_250610_C14

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 500 1000 1500 2000

mm

.


ASM-100-3 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


ELTT_6_250610_C17

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

4,5

0 500 1000 1500 2000

mm

.


NT-100-3 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin) NT-50-7 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

0 500 1000 1500 2000

mm

.


ASM-100-4 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


Appendix 109 of 124

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

0 500 1000 1500

mm




-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

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0 500 1000 1500

mm


ASM-100-5 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


-1

0

1

1

2

2

3

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

mm

.




-1

0

1

1

2

2

3

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

mm

.




-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

mm

.

Local bending moment [kNm]ASM-100-23 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin) ASM-100-24 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)

ASM-100-25 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


-0,4

-0,3

-0,2

-0,1

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

mm


NT-100-6 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


Appendix 110 of 124

-0,8

-0,6

-0,4

-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

mm

.




-0,5

-0,4

-0,3

-0,2

-0,1

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

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0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

mm

.




-0,1

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

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0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

mm

.


ASM-100-6 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

mm

.


ASM-2000-4 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

mm

.


ASM-2000-7 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)


-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

mm

.

Local bending moment [kNm] at 22m.ASM-4000-2 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin) ASM-4000-1 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)

ASM-2000-1 (ELTT_6_250610_C.bin)

Deflection measured at 10m, 16m and 22m from rootELTT_6_250610_C25

Appendix 111 of 124

Appendix C – Acoustic Emission

Blade test at VIM facility

1615140-00 (AFM PSP for this work)

Friday 25th June 2010

Arrive early

System installed and Sensors checked by 0800

Pocket PAC running bladetest01.lay (40dB THS, 26dB gain from inline preamp)

CH1 4m Trailing edge RED

CH2 11,5m Trailing edge GREEN

Both sensors are sensitive returning hits from strip flicks 1,5m away on either face

The blade will be tested to 80% load but not broken!

11,5m is a critical area and activity here is likely to stop the test � AE monitoring key today

This loading is a repeat of the test done in January (100129), the reason for the repeat is to get the ARAMIS system working this time.

Tap test analysis

Using a plastic strip to flick the structure close to the sensors gives amplitude hits between 45 and 85 dB, one and a half meters away the response is AMP between 40dB and 50dB.

Close 20 hits 45-85dB 650 counts 1100 NRG

1,5m 11 hits 40-46db 50 counts 20 NRG

Other test set up

Delay for breakfast

Sensor check again � CH1 sensor has twisted in the tape!

Has to be re-set; but there is a risk this could occur again…

CH2 (11.5m) CH1 (4m)

Appendix 112 of 124

I can see from the AMP trace that about 2k seconds there was a series of hits, and a single one at 4,5k on CH1 These hits show no visibility on the count trace and very slight on the NRG. Could have been tape peel followed by sensor turn…?

1000 Ready to test

Delay for ARAMIS

1030 Time to take CH1 down and tape it again, but I still don’t like…

Load to 30% Pre-load.

1045 Test start

40% no AE

60% blip at 11,5m

70% more at 11,5m and a blip at 4m

80% a few more hits at both locations

1050 The load is kept

1115 Drive down to 30%

1125 Now everyone is in and looking at the blade.

1130 Drive down to almost 0 load on all cells

Test finished.

GRAPHS (extracted from DiSP system bladeviewer.lay)

AMP vs time (point) All hits from Ch1 and 2

Hits vs time (Burst) Ch1/4m – RED, Ch2/11m - GREEN

Appendix 113 of 124

Hits vs time (CUM) Ch1/4m – RED, Ch2/11m - GREEN

Cnts vs time (Burst) Ch1/4m – RED, Ch2/11m - GREEN

Cnts vs time (CUM) Ch1/4m – RED, Ch2/11m - GREEN

Energy vs time (Burst) Ch1/4m – RED, Ch2/11m - GREEN

Appendix 114 of 124

Energy vs time (CUM) Ch1/4m – RED, Ch2/11m - GREEN

Thursday 28th pm

System installed and Sensors checked

Pocket PAC running bladetest01.lay (40dB THS, 26dB gain from inline preamp)

Friday 29th

0800 Sensors attached – CH1 at 4m trailing edge, CH2 at 11,5m trailing edge

The blade will be tested to 80% load but not broken!

11,5m is a critical area and activity here is likely to stop the test � AE monitoring key today

The sensors are sensitive returning high AMP hits from lead breaks up to 1m away on either face.

0900 Breakfast at VEA while they try to get ARAMIS to work…

1030 Back to do the test with or without ARAMIS

1050 Test starts at 30% load

Direct load up to 81% and down again

Data stopped at 1100

First hits at 11,5m after 30s

First hits at 4m after 150s

All hits detected were low energy and under 60dB

EXCEPT for one hit of 65dB at 11,5m and 81% load

Total activity CH1 (4m) 100 Counts

Total activity CH2 (11,5m) 700 Counts

Appendix 115 of 124

GRAPHS (extracted from DiSP system bladeviewer.lay)

AMP vs time (point) All hits from Ch1 and 2

Hits vs time (Burst) Ch1/4m – RED, Ch2/11m - GREEN

Hits vs time (CUM) Ch1/4m – RED, Ch2/11m - GREEN

CH2 (11.5m) CH1 (4m)

Appendix 116 of 124

Cnts vs time (Burst) Ch1/4m – RED, Ch2/11m - GREEN

Cnts vs time (CUM) Ch1/4m – RED, Ch2/11m - GREEN

Energy vs time (Burst) Ch1/4m – RED, Ch2/11m - GREEN

Energy vs time (CUM) Ch1/4m – RED, Ch2/11m - GREEN

Appendix 117 of 124

Test: ELTT_5_251109_BThe maximum load during this test was 60%.

The DIC - measurement was conducted in the 4 meter region on the pressure side. The blade has been reinforced, see snapshot.

Appendix 118 of 124

Test: ELTT_2_101109_A

The measurement was started at 30% load. The maximum load during this test was 60%. The DIC - measurement was conducted in the 4 meter region on the pressure side of the blade (no reinforcement), see snapshot below.

Appendix 119 of 124

Test: ELTT_5_181109_AThe maximum load during this test was 60%.

The DIC - measurement was conducted in the 4 meter region on the suction side where the blade was reinforced, see snapshot below.

Appendix 120 of 124

Test: ELTT_2_171109_A

The measurement was started at 30% load. The maximum load during this test was 60%. The DIC - measurement was conducted in the 4 meter region on the suction side (without reinforcement) of the blade, see snapshot below.

Appendix 121 of 124

Test: ELTT_6_250610_AThe maximum load during this test was 80%.

The DIC - measurement was conducted in the 4 meter region on the pressure side. The blade has been reinforced, see snapshot.

Appendix 122 of 124

Test: ELTT_6_250610_B

The maximum load during this test was 80%.

The DIC - measurement was conducted in the 4 meter region on the pressure side, The blade was not reinforced, see snapshot below.

Appendix 123 of 124

Test: ELTT_6_250610_C The measurement was started at 12.5% load. The maximum load during this test was 80%. The DIC - measurement was conducted in the 11.5 meter region on the pressure side of the blade, see snapshot below

This measurement was performed because the strain gauge measurements at the trailing edge showed maximum values in this area. The DIC measurement does not show anything peculiar. The blue to the right (circled) shows strain gauge cables loosening from the blade surface.

Appendix 124 of 124

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Documents

Full Scale Test SSP 34m blade, edgewise loading LTT. Extreme … · For LTT test, the blade is mounted on a test rig as presented in Figure 2.3. The loading system was designed specifically