UNIVERSITY ERASMUS HOGESCHOOL BRUSSELDEPARTEMENTE HOTEL AND TOURISME

Functional structure of the tourism infrastructure in Turkish Riviera, Antalya

TEACHER COORDINATOR: STUDENT:

Lector-Martine Louckx Ionescu Maria-Alexandra

-2011-

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CONTENT

INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………….....4

Chapter I.General Aspects of Antalya-Turkish Riviera…………………………6

1 General Presentation............................................................................................6

1.1Potential Tourism of Antalya…………………………………………….........7

1.1.1Natural Potential………………………………………………................8

1.1.2Antrophic Potential…………………………………………..................17

1.2Antalya the historic city………………………………………….…………..23

1.3 Ancient cities and arount it-historical places…………………….. ………...26

1.3.1 East of Antalya………………………………………………..............26

1.3.2 West of Antalya……………………………………………………….35

Chaper II.Turkish Riviera –Antalya Mediterranean Paradise………………….40

2. Turkish Riviera –Littoral Tourism……………………………………………40

2.1 Concept of Blue Flag in Turkey…………………………………………......41

2.2 Antalya Resort……………………………………………………………….44

2.2.1 Resorts in the Eastern Turkih Riviera………………………………...47

2.2.2 Resorts in the Western Turkish Riviera……………………………….52

2.3 Montain Tourism in Turkish Riviera ………………………………………..55

2.4 Sportiv Tourism in Turkish Riviera-Golg…………………………………...57

Chapter III.Tourism Infrastructure in Turkish Riviera………………………....62

3. Tourism development in Turkish Riviera-Antalya……………………………62

3.1 Touristic function/Touistic Circulation in Turkish Riviera………………….65

3.1.1 Evolution of indicator ‘’number of tourists’’………………………. ...67

3.1.2 Evolution the indicator ‘’number of nights spend’’…………………...70

3.1.3 Evolution the indicator ‘’average leght of stay’’………………………73

3.2 Cultural Function of Turkish Riviera………………………………………..74

3.3 Comercial Function of Turkish Riviera……………………………………...83

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3.4 S.W.O.T Analysis of Turkish Riviera………………………………………91

Chapter IV.Transport Infrastructure………………………………..………….95

4.1 Acces to Antalya……………………………………………………………..95

By Airplane………………………………………………………………….96

By Car………………………………………………………………………..97

By Ferry……………………………………………………………………...99

By Taxi……………………………………………………………………..100

Transport Public……………………………………………………………101

By Tram…………………………………………………………………….101

Rent a car…………………………………………………………………...101

Bycycle……………………………………………………………………..101

Conclusion………………………………………………………………….102

Bibliography………………………………………………………………..103

Anexes……………………………………………………………………..105

List of tabele

Table 1- Number of Blue Flags in Turkey trough years 2004-2009…………………...43

Table 2-Number of Blue Flags in 2009 in Euroanean Uniune…………………………….43

Table 3- Number of tourists in Golf-Clubs in Belek 2011…………………………………..43

Table 4-Top 10 Contry most visited tourist arrivals…………………………………………..62

Table 5-Top 10 Contrys most visited cities, estimated number of international

Visitors by years……………………………………………………………………………………………….65

Table 6-Number of foreign visitors in Turkey and in Antalya…………………………….67

Table 7-Number of foreigh visitors in Antalya 2006-2009…………………………………67

Table 8-Number of foreign in 2008-Antalya……………………………………………………..68

Table9-Number of foreign in 2009-Antalya………………………………………………………68

Table10-Number of foreign in 2010- Antalya……………………………………………………69

Table11- Number of foreign in 2011- Antalya-January-May……………………………..69

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Table 12- Number of nights spend in Turkish Riviera 2010……………………………….70

Table 13-Most desirable type of accommodation, number of arrivals in Turkish

Riviera………………………………………………………………………………………………………………71

Table 14-Number of arrivals in Turkish Rivera in hotels 2010……………………………72

Table 15- Main trip’s purpose…………………………………………………………………………..72

Table 16- Reason to travel………………………………………………………………………………..73

Table 17Most visited historic sites 2009-2011………………………………………………….75

Table 18- Visit numbers in art gallery/museums ( January-April) 2009-2011……77

Table 19-Antalya Airport Imcoming Passengers statistic in 2009-2010…….……….96

Table 20- Antalya Airport Imcoming Passengers in 2010………………………………….97

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INTRODUCTION

Tourism can be defined today as a social phenomenon - the economic relationship that

includes taking place in society, in the use of leisure time, both within each country, and the

circuit material and spiritual values among countries.

The tourism industry includes, in conclusion, business hotel and catering enterprises,

providing business services for population, business offices, agencies, associations and other

economic units that deal with training, promoting and realizing the benefits of travel.

Development of tourism sector requires the existence of a heritage tourism, which, by its

attractiveness, is meant to ensure the integration of areas, touristic regions or countries of

interest in domestic and international tourist circuit.

Among the components of heritage tourism should be mentioned first, natural resources with

the beauty of mountains and landscapes, sunny beaches, seaside resorts, factors of cure,

historical places, cultural traditions, art, folklore and climate. The resulted is that, the natural

values are based on the tourist potential of that region.

The natural resources are designed to enrich and facilitate the rational use of natural

tourism heritage, creating a potential offer in an effective touristic offer.

It necessary the development and diversification benefits of tourism services, reaching a level

of quality, able to meet high expectations and preferences were the tourists are constantly

changing, because the notion of heritage tourism is closely linked to the content of interest

benefits.

The touristic offer of a resort or touristic areas has an important role in ensuring a more

diverse range of tourist services, which contribute significantly to increasing the force of

attraction in regions.

Tourism by its vocation, it aspires to increase welfare by organizing tourist trips, vacations,

recreation, entertainment, etc.

Modern tourism1 is not just the desire for relaxation or recreation, also represent

pleasure of variation and increasingly, the desire to know other peoples, traditions, customs,

culture, historical sites, monument-art, etc ,also, tour organizers have the task of aligning the

offer for this enjoyments. Although tourism was once thought of as a “smokeless” industry

1 Bran F., Marin D., T. Simon, The Economics of tourism and environment Ed.Economica-1999, p.209

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with few, if any, environmental impacts, recognition of its potential for adverse impacts is

growing. Tourism consists of the activities undertaken during travel from home or work for the

pleasure and enjoyment of certain destinations, and the facilities that cater to the needs of the

tourist.2

Infrastructure is defined as system facility, equipment and services necessary creation an

organization. This word comes from the French "infrastructure", which means the technical and

material elements of (the system of communications and telecommunications, railways, roads).

In terms of tourism, remark refers primarily infrastructure the communication path: the road

network, railways, airlines, maritime, river and communication routes, and secondly, technical

tourist facilities referring tourist circulation from a space tourist, specific tourism activities

remark to: the ways of access to basic sightseeing material (hotels, villas, cottages, pensions,

etc.) complexes and tourist resorts

In this project I will treat the tourism on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey, respective

Antalya, know the pearl of the Turkish Riviera an exciting major city, and at the same time a

paradise for swimmers.

I will also present the tourist services provided by luxury hotels and resorts from Turkish

Riviera, respective Antalya. Travel services provided are structured in specific areas, tourist

activities, hotel services, catering service, leisure services completed with other related

activities.

In conclusion I will present the paradise of Antalya with the modern and the ancient

settlements, sites and ruins which containing history, myth and legend and also the most

important tourist resorts located along the Turkish Riviera.

CHAPTER I2 Mathison W.Wall, 1982, pag 1/Power, 1996, pag 214.

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I.GENERAL ASPECTS OF ANTALYA – TURKISH RIVIERA

1. General presentation.

Antalya which is located on the south of Turkey is a tourism destination with its

centre on the Mediterranean Sea coast in south-west. With an area of 20.723 km ² it is the main

province of Turkey, especially because the 657 km long coastline, 290 km of the coast

represents natural beach. About 60 % of the region is covered within pine forest and

Mediterranean plant life. Antalya is divided into 15 districts: the capital-Antalya, Akseki,

Alanya Demre, Elmalı, Finike, Gazipasa, Gundoğmuş, İbradı, Kaş, Kemer, Korkuteli,

Kumluca, Manavgat, Serik.

Stunningly situated on an arching bay, flanked to the west by the towering peaks of the

Beydağları Mountains, Antalya is rapidly expanding and predominantly modern city. With a

total population of about 1,719,751 and an urban population of 714,000, it’s a centre for light

industry as well as the administrative and commercial hub of a province which contains many

of Turkey’s tourist resorts.

Antalya and its environs have been used as settlements by many civilizations

throughout history, with its pristine nature and unique beauty, the city hosts millions of

travelers from the entire globe during all four seasons. Its beaches stretch for miles, and the

clean and calm Mediterranean takes on a different shade of blue by the hour. Forests descend

from the Taurus Mountains to the crystal blue sea and ancient settlements are hidden in the

costal and mountainous areas. Antalya presents travelers with unforgettable flavors and

colours.

The land is a virtual refuge for travelers, who desire the preservation of its pristine beauty, that

all living things can have a refuge in future centuries as well.

Mountains- Antalya is surrounded with high mountains from east to west, on Taurus Mountains

at Saklikent Ski-Center skiing and on Beydaglari Jeep Safari-Trekking-Mountaineering is

possible. In some seasons, hunting is also allowed. The Tahtali Aerial Cableway uniquely

combines two classic holiday destinations – the sea and the mountains. Mount Tahtali, at

2,365m above sea level, is situated in an attractive and rapidly growing tourist area and

provides the region with a new dimension.

The majors rivers- in the area are:Esen, Demre, Aksu, Köprü, Manavgat, Alara, Sedi,and the

steams are:Akcay,Alakir,Acisu,Varsak,Bogacay,Arapsuyu,Duden,Karpuz,Colakli,Delice

Dim,etc

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The majors’ plains-the vast pains of the area are ideal for cultivation of citrus fruits and

greenhouse produce. Along the coast are the plains of: Kumluca, Finike, Tekirova, Manavgat,

Alanya, Gazipasa,Inland, Tekeli ve Taseli Plateaux, Elmali, Mügren, Kizilcadag, Korkuteli.

Psychical map of Antalya –source:www.geomaps.com

1.1Potential tourism of Antalya

The tourism potential represent a touristic offer at territory which together with tehnic-based

material and general infrastructure and touristim constitute the real offer touritic ( actual) or

heritage tourism. More broadly, the tourism potential of a territory, represent all the natural

elements,economice şi cultural – istorice,which presents some options for capitalization in

tourism,give a specific functionality for tourism, so are prerequisites for the development of

tourism activity. The most important strengths of the region Antalya which made her become

the most wanted by the entire season are: beaches, climate, weather, hydrography, vegetation,

and wildlife, old city’s material and technical basis.3

1.1.1. Natural Potential

BEACH

3 Tourism and marketing touristic – Cristian Stoian, Mădălina Spânu, Ed. Fundaţiei România de Mâine, Bucharest, 2003

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Antalya most important tourist center of Turkey has a very long coastline of around

657 km. The beaches of Antalya where he can enjoy the best way to join the entire trio

Mediterranean: sun-fine sand and beautiful natural landscapes, also the best establishments of

accommodations and entertainment world.

The different services that they offer all inclusive hotels and holiday-village complex in

Various Stages of completion, all this attract, every year millions of tourists. Furthermore, it is

possible to practice all sorts of sporting activities such as surfing and skiing. Etc

Antalya is famous for its long stretches of beach, most of them awarded with the Blue Flag.

CLIMATE

Antalya is influenced by a typical Mediterranean climate where summers are

sunny and winters are mild. The area is shielded from the cold northerly winds by the Taurus

Mountain range; there are northeasterly winds and sea breezes which have a cooling affect.

Antalya has three seasons of spring and summer season, this means long, hot dry

summers, mild winters with some rain, and short, warm sprigs and autumns. Average daytime

temperatures are, April 21 °C, May 22 °C, June 24 °C, July °C, August 28-32 °C, September

29 °C, Octomber 25 °C.

Months Water Temperature °CJanuary 17°C

February 17°CMarch 18°CApril 21°CMay 22°CJune 24°CJuly 27°C

August 28°-32CSeptember 29°C

October 25°CNovember 22°CDecember 19°C

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Source: Ministry of Culture and Tourism

Source: Turkish State Meteorological Service, Genelia Müdürlüğü Isler;

From the tables we can deduce that summer temperatures can rise up to at least

30°C – 40°C is not a value unheard of .Whereas sea temperatures tend to go up to and to

stabilize around 28°C in summer months and minimal 17°C in January – February . These are

perfect conditions for sunbathing, and they last from June to September.

The average temperatures in winter starts from December to February, mainly

described as a rainy season, maintain around 15 or 16°C, which rules out the chance of

spending time at the beach, but offers a good reason for developing other activities in Antalya,

such as clubbing, partying and enjoying the sparkling nightlife of Antalya.

Snow is highly unlikely to occur during this time of year, given that air temperatures

maintain much above 0°C even at night. Transitional months from October to December and

March to June, feature a slow passage from higher to lower temperature, or the other way

around, combining occasionally warm days with the likelihood of rain falls.

Antalya has over 3000 hours of sunlight per year; this kind of climate makes it possible

for the resort to be frequented by tourists all the year round.

Natural cure factors are the climate of marine salt aerosols, solar radiation and sea water which

is chlorinated, sodium, magnesium, hypotonic.

HYDROGRAPHY

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Antalya has many natural sites including the four waterfalls that it owns, which represents an

important points for tourism in Antalya, they are: Upper Duden Waterfalls, Lower Duden

Waterfalls, Kurșunlu Waterfalls, Manavgat Waterfalls.

Upper Düden Waterfalls are a group of waterfalls in the province of Antalya,

Turkey. The waterfall, formed by the Düden River , one of the major rivers in southern

Anatolia, is located 12 km north-east of Antalya and rise from Kirkgoz and ends where the

limpid waters of the Lower Düden Falls drop off a rocky cliff directly into the Mediterranean.

The river Duden is leaving a higher plateau of the Taurus Mountains by falling about 15 m

deep and 20 m wide onto a lower plateau next to Antalya. Because of the raw ingredients in the

water, huge amounts of Tuff stone volcanic materials have formed the river bed as well as a

cave below the waterfalls. Upper Düden Waterfall is also called Iskender Waterfall locally,

because it is believed that horses of Büyük Iskender (Alexander the Great) drink water here.

There are beautiful caustic structures formed by corrosion of water in Düden. Just

under the waterfall there is a cave called Dilek Cave, meaning Cave of Wishes. Path inside the

cave goes behind the waterfall and it can be watched from another perspective. Intensity of

water flow can be felt well as you come close to waterfall inside the cave.There exists many

picnic areas and restaurants magnificent specialized in fishing foods.

Upper Düden Waterfalls -source:www.luciedebelkova.com

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Lower Duden Waterfalls, is the second largest waterfall with a height of 40 m and flows into

the Mediterranean Sea, also the water gushes down onto the massive rocks with great force.

The waterfall is known as ‘’Karpuzkaldiran,, name. This waterfall is located in Antalya, near

Lara and can be reached with the old coast street, as well.

Right next, Genclik Park (called the Youth Park) is a wonderful place to admire the waterfall,

also the best view of Lower Duden Waterfalls is from the view from sea.

Kurșunlu Waterfalls, located at a distance of 24 km east of the city centre, the waterfalls

and their environs cover an area of 33 hectares, and represent a unique place in the world

because connects the cascades falling from 18 km in height with small waterfalls and 7 small

ponds.

Dispose such a wealth of fauna and flora that the surroundings are very suitable for making of

eco-tourism activities including hiking, observation platforms and animals, also the green space

and beneficial birds in its environs make it a new conservation area.

On the way to Kursunlu there is nice smelling pine forest, and the parking is surrounded by

huge trees offering shadow and cool air. The way to the waterfall on well kept the amazing

view onto the river bed and natural walk ways and makes everyone forget the little longer way

to the waterfall.In addition, besides the waterfall, have arranged several small restaurants and

places to relax

Manavgat Waterfalls, the Manavgat waterfall is one of the best known waterfalls in

Turkey. It is located 3 km from the village of Manavgat. The small cascade on Manavgat Creek

is 2 m high and 40 m wide, which was formed as a result of the Manavgat River delta being

filled with alluvia, are strikingly beautiful.

The name Manavgat is known to mean Temple of Manauwa/Mother Goddess in the

Luwian/Etruscan language. It is thought that during various epochs it was used as the common

sacred site of the ancient cities of Seleukeia and Side. Of the Turkoman yörük4 descending in

masses from the Taurus Mountains down to the Mediterranean littoral after the Malazgirt Battle

in 1071, Tugayoðullarý settled in the west and Senir Beyleri in the east.

4 Yörük, also Yürük or Yuruk , are a Turkish people ultimately of Oghuz descent, some of whom are still nomadic, primarily inhabiting the mountains of Anatolia and partly Balkan peninsula.Vakalopoulos, Apostolos Euangelou. " Origins of the Greek Nation: The Byzantine Period, 1204-1461". Their name derives from the Turkish verb yürü- (yürümek in infinitive), which means "to walk", with the word Yörük or Yürük designating "those who walk, walkers".

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Located around it are a fish restaurant, a cafeteria, recreational sites and souvenir shops. The

great waterfalls are found in the Oymapýnar Dam direction of the small cascade. The delta

where the creek joins the sea has a unique beauty of its own. Here, daily river boat excursions

are organized during the summer season and sea products from the area are offered to tourists

during these excursion.

FAUNA

Antalya is also riche in terms of fauna and flora, depending on the climate and topographical

variation 54% of total surface is covered by forests and there are many national parks and

protected areas.

Fauna in Antalya boasts a great diversity, in the mountains and in region live, bears,

wolves, wild cats and deer, also we can find the fallow deer, and this species comes from the

foothills of the Taurus Mountains between Antalya and Adana.

In forest areas we can meet species of bats like (Bls Buldogyarasas), in rocky areas, are species

of reptiles, like (Blanus) specie, also many kinds of snakes. The Fauna area is a good place for

hunting safari. One of these places is the 100km (10,000 hackers) Düzlerçamı area. Also in this

place we meet birds that are allowed to be hunted like: partridges, quails, pigeons, thrush,

woodcock and wild duck.

During walks in nature and in rural areas there are herds of sheep, goats, and camels

sometimes. Locals grow cows, donkeys and horses, which they used for farm work. Among

birds of prey can often be seen eagles, hawks, their presence is a sign that you are in a corner of

Europe still untouched by the influence of modern civilization.

Antalya beauty is not limited to dry areas, on the beach we can see other creatures that

live near the sandy shore, sometimes thrown by the waves on the shore, most are mussels,

which filter the role of marine water, fed to fish, and by crushing shells and deposits beach,

contribute to the formation sand. On the edge of the lake they find shelter and food, all kinds of

birds: kingfishers, geese and ducks. Water is abundant in fish: Crab, Mediterranean jellyfish

(Cotylorhiza tubers), Gobi fish and fish bubble thorn, sea horses (Nipocamp), etc.

Fauna of Antalya dispose many species of animals endangered, where Mediterranean

Sea provide a refuge for monk seals and loggerhead turtles, Dalmatian pelican, pygmy

cormorant and the slender billed curlew, as well as flamingoes, wild ducks and geese.

Other endangered species include turtles which lay their eggs in the long sandy beaches of the

Mediterranean. Two species breed in Turkey, where efforts to protect them have been

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extremely successful. A tourism development project at Köycegiz has been scrapped to

preserve the breeding grounds of Caretta5 and the lake and marshes of Köycegiz declared a

Specially Protected Area.

Studies of the turtles along all Turkey's shores have been launched, and seventeen sand

beaches of foremost importance as breeding grounds for turtles are kept under constant

observation by the Turtle Preservation Committee. The Ministry of the Environment's

Authority of Specially Protected Areas is in charge of protecting the Belek area.

FLORA

Because of varied climate, vegetation in Turkey is of great richness and diversity. In

Antalya the most often grow palm trees, olive trees, hibiscus, myrtle, laurel and maple, crowd

bananas, figs and chestnut. The beaches are shaded by hundreds of orange trees and palms. In

some areas of this region may be the most common plantation, maples and chestnut trees.

Agriculture is well developed, growing potatoes, leguminous plants, sugar beets, sunflowers,

grapes and citrus. There are also increasing the areas planted with pistachio, hazelnuts and figs,

which are exported in large quantities.

The plant life of Antalya is extremely varied. Every kind of tropical plant can be

found along the coast.

In Antalya exists many types of giant cactus that reaching attention immediately for

tourists. By the foothills of the Taurus coast, is the sovereignty of the typical Mediterranean

Sea ( maquis)6 vegetation . Any kind of healthy and lush forests of oak and pine trees, shrubs

monitors. The most important products of area are cotton and cereals, together with sesame and

citrus fruits, while in recent years there have been also significant increase in the trade of cut

flower. Greenhouses allow a specialization in the early development of fruit and vegetables.

The extraordinary fertility resulting from the combination of rich soil, a plentiful water supply

5 The loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta), or loggerhead, is an oceanic turtle distributed throughout the world. It is a marine reptile, belonging to the family Cheloniidae. The loggerhead measures up to 213 centimetres (84 in) long when fully grown.6 maquis, plural maquis, Italian macchia, plural macchie, a scrubland vegetation of the Mediterranean region, composed primarily of leathery, broad-leaved evergreen shrubs or small trees. Garigue, or garrigue, a poorer version of this vegetation, is found in areas with a thin, rocky soil. Maquis occurs primarily on the lower slopes of mountains bordering the Mediterranean Sea. Many of the shrubs are aromatic, such as mints, laurels, and myrtles. Olives, figs, and other small trees are scattered throughout the area and often form open forests if undisturbed by humans;

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and the Mediterranean sun, has been a source of attraction for many people throughout the

centuries, leading to the foundation of rich and imposing cities.

Plantation regions, a cotton, sesame, citrus and banana grove creates a distinctive beauty.

From Antalya to Thermossos we can meet : Lilium candidum , hyacinthus orientalis

subspaces orientalis , muscari muscarini , muscari macro carpum , stenbergia Candida muscari

anatolicum , stenbergia fischeriana , muscari sandra sicum , muscari mirum , urginea

maritima , orchis , atropa belladona , cunuperus sabina , ruta , mustard , camphor , lemon balm ,

asparagus , wild jasmine,maize tassels,wild myrtle,centaury.

PROTECTED NATURE

Based in the foothills of the Taurus Mountains, the city of Antalya is very rich in terms of

caves. In this province indentifies around 500 caves, among the closest to the center we can see

Karain, Kocain, Kucuk Dipsiz, Beldibi and Buyuk Dipsiz,etc.

Karaalioglu Park

Located on the coastal cliffs of the city center of Antalya, the park Karaalioglu is the oldest

park green from the region, possesses the advantages of a balcony or you can cool off and

escape the suffocating heat of summer the city and relax al shade of pines and palms and all

while admiring the vastness of the blue Mediterranean Sea.

The park is built on an area of about 7000 square meters, has access from three directions.

Karaalioglu Park has a warm climate, rare flowers and trees, concrete road, casinos with the

most charming place in Antalya. The park also has toilets, children's playground, and children’s

education area, tea gardens; also in the park exist more than 120 species varieties of plant.

Atatürk7 Park

Atatürk Park, is one of Turkey's most beautiful parks from Antalya, the park was opened in

1937 ,with a total of 186 acres and was formed like a park in 1952 ,also in 1964 was named

Atatürk.

7 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–10 November 1938) was an Ottoman and Turkish army officer, revolutionary statesman, writer, and the first President of Turkey. He is credited with being the founder of the modern Turkish state. Atatürk was a military officer during World War I.[1] Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I, he led the Turkish national movement in the Turkish War of Independence. Having established a provisional government in Ankara, he defeated the forces sent by the Allies. His military campaigns gained Turkey independence. Atatürk then embarked upon a program of political, economic, and cultural reforms, seeking to transform the former Ottoman Empire into a modern, westernized and secular nation-state. The principles of Atatürk's reforms, upon which modern Turkey was established, are referred to as Kemalism.

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In 2006 the Atatürk park was modernized and reorganized with 3.5 acres , with

artificial lake, at the edge of the lake with a tea garden terrace, garden kiosks located in rural

areas ,navigation areas, waterfalls, walking trails, a modern children's gardens, bicycle

facilities, all this with an modern look. Sometimes in the park is organized many little

commercial markets.

Yavuz Özcan Park

Is an important historic city located opposite the port, it offers unique views of the

Mediterranean Sea.The park features several water games, design elements that provide a show

during the summer nights with games of light.

The park is equipped with many recreational areas, places to drink tea, terraces and also offers

an atmosphere of palm trees. There are also organizes events, festivals and outdoor

performances.

Recep Bilgin Park

Recep Bilgin Park is located west of Republic Square in Antalya. This park is used as

passive green space and is situated on a cliff. Equipped with many kinds of flowers, one

restaurant and many recreational places, also the Recep Bilgin Park is popular due to its

architectural design.

Köprülü Kanyon Milli Park ((Köprülü Canyon National Park)

The National Park Köprülü Kanyon Milli is located at a distance of 95 km from Antalya

and 65 km on the hillsides of the Taurus Mountains. The National Park covers an area of 37

thousand hectares.

Köprülü Canyon National Park covers 36,000 hectares, including part of Köprücay and the

ancient city of Selge, as well as is largest forest from Turkey

Within the Park flows the River Köprü, 120 km long, between the valleys and canyons. The

river valley within the Park is 14 km long and, at places, 400 m high and in the form of a

canyon with steep walls.The most important morphological characteristic at the site is this steep

cleft valley. Emerging from the Toros (Taurus) Mountains and running through a number of

amazing canyons, Köprücay flows into the Mediterranean Sea to the south of Serik, Antalya.

Exist underground springs in gorges that cut through steep, impassable canyons, the Köprücay

constitutes one of Turkey's most beautiful natural recreation areas. There are as well the

numerous archaeological sites in the area, especially the ancient city of Selge (Zerk), the

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fortresses on the banks of the river, arched Roman bridges and historic roads add to the

significance of the Köprülü Canyon.

The flora of the National Park mainly consist of red pine, black fir, cedar, fir, cypress,

ash, holly oak and oak trees, along with sessile glandules, wild olive, sandalwood, strawberry,

gum mastic, locust, bay, myrtle, sloe tree, oleander, pitch-pine, wild rose, heather, spurge,

tamarisk, thyme, fern and chinaberry. The chinaberry tree, which is also known under the name

“Kara Günlük (Storax)” was engraved on coinage as a symbol of the city during the ancient

epoch of Selge. This long and thin species of tree with a long life span has been processed since

ancient times because of its superior quality.

National Park-Altinbeșik Cave

The park is located 7 km from the Neslon village and 5 km from the Urunlu village, in

Antalya province, this area is poor but the most important objectiv is Altinbesik Cave .Is the

one of the most interesting and well known caves in Turkey.

It is located on the western slopes of the Manavgat River Valley the area around the cave is

famous for beautiful lakes, interesting rock formations, travertine, and streams. The cave is

named after Altinbesik Hill where it is located inside and it was discovered by the geologist Dr.

Temucin Aygen.Altinbesik cave has three levels; the lowest is still active with an underground

river, rim stone pools and waterfalls. The upper level completely lost, where formation of

stalagmites exists and stalactites, the middle level have large blocks of stones, sand and gravel

have travertine formations. In the first 200 meters from the entrance of the cave it creates a

lower level of the cave that is under water continuously. Lower level has an exit end of the 40

m vertically, this output and the adjacent walls are covered with white thick travertine, this is

the most beautiful part of the cave.

In addition, the tourists can see around the Altinbesik Cave the karts topography and the values

of the wild beauty of the landscape of national park.

The Karain Cave

Karain cave is located in north-west of Antalya, about 30 km, of Yagca village limits,

which is located at 5-6 km on old road between Antalya-Bourdur. Karain Cave is

internationally renowned and are a major point for lovers of nature tourism in Antalya

It is a prehistoric cave, located at a height of about 370 meters from the sea and about 80 meters

up the slope, where the Western Taurus calcareous zone borders on the travertine plain. Cave

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have not only the natural qualities, but it seem to be one of the oldest cave in the Anatolia , as

well, in the cave has been found very old digs during the stone age, copper and even bronze.

According to findings revealed, it was understood that Karain Cave was continuously inhabited

in the Middle Paleolithic (Stone) ages. It is possible to understand from the inscriptions and

monograms on the outer walls that this inhabitation also continued during the classical ages and

that the cave was used as a sacred votive and worshipping place. The only pass in the area

located to the North of the Inn going through the Taurus Mountains and connecting Central

Anatolia with the Mediterranean is Çubuk Pass at an altitude of 924 meters. Cultural findings in

Karain Cave include hand axes, various scrapers, jeweler and arrowheads made of Flintstone,

in addition to bones of animals such as hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses and elephants; pieces of

fossilized bones belonging to Homo sapiens, humans of the middle Paleolithic era. Most of the

findings unearthed at Karain Cave are displayed in the small museum located where the slope

borders on the plain and some of them at the Prehistory Hall of the Antalya Mus.

1.1.2 Atrophic Potential

Antalya is one of the towns from turkey which have the rich cultural background

and is one town full of history. Antalya has united his natural beauties with its cultural riches

and therefore made great improvements in the tourism field.

Remains and works like ancient cultures other than Turkish background that are preserved with

great importance for this art works there are thousands of art works and ancient remains that

could be called as a wonder in Turkey. All these historical and cultural treasures of Antalya

have been well preserved and till now is a great interest for tourists. The atrophic potential of

Antalya is very diverse; we can meet many of the mosque, museums, archaeological sites,

monuments, memorial houses, etc.

Hadrian's Gate

Hadrian's Gate is called Hadrian Kapisi (Uc kapilar) and is located in the east of

Antalya. Hadrian's Gate is one of the best preserved monuments of Antalya. He was built in

honor of Hadrian emperor, during his visit in 130 after Christ. The door is in superb condition

because the fact that over the time she was incorporated into an exterior walls of the city.

This gate has three original etched windows, making an exception to her columns, they are

built of white marble, and are remarkably decorated with floral and heads of lions having two

clocks at every corner. The north tower in the right was rebuilt by the Seljuk Sultan Alaeddin

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Keykubat in Turkish times I (1219-1238), as attested by a plaque set into it. The inscription is

in old Turkish, written in the Arabic script. Hadrian's Gate is located between the old town and

modern city of Antalya and the two towers represent a window open for the past Antalya and

the gate is also a vestige of civilization successive element.

Tower Hıdırlık

Tower Hıdırlık or Red Tower is located on the Mediterranean seafront in Antalya region; the

tower was built two centuries ago and has a height of 14 meters. The tower was roman origin,

having two floors, the first floor has cylindrical shape and the base is square.

The building served as a beacon or military stronghold. The interior consisted of a simple

room. Today it is used as a historical tourism attraction; this round roman tower is the best

place in town to watch the frequently spectacular sunsets over the snow-capped mountains

across the gulf of Antalya.

Clock Tower- Saat Kules

Clock Tower is located in Antalya city center, has a baroque building, is made of hard

limestone and carved. The Tower has a height of 14 m at its end is installed a clock, where the

name is coming.In the beginning, instead of the clock tower was a bell that was engraved on,

the cross Jesus and biblical texts. Over time it suffering many changes, and in 1942 was

covered with a dome. The tower is surrounded by beautiful park with a view to Karaalioglu

Mediterranean sea cliffs.

Kesik Minare- Broken Minare

Kesik Minare is located in the historical center of Antalya, and began existence in

2nd century AD as a Roman temple.

In the year 600s was turned into a byzantine church dedicated to Saint Mary, but in the 700s

was damaged by the Arab invasions and was turned into a mosque, when the empire was

conquered Antalya. The upper part was destroyed by fire in 1964, leaving only the base, from

here he comes the name of Broken Minare.

Currently the monument works as a mosque Kesik Minare and draws the attention of many

visitors because architectural features of ancient times, ottoman, byzantine and roman meet all

in the same building

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Source: Card book of Antalya (collection of farmable prints);

The complex religious Yivli Minare

Minare Yivli religious complex includes numerous historical architectural ensemble

consisting of a religion called kulliye built around a mosque.

This complex includes: Yivli Minare, Mosque Yivli Minare, the Giyaseddin Medersa,

tomb of Zincirkiran Mehmet Bey, Mevlevis Monastery, Medersa Karatay,Mosque of Murat

Pasa, Mosque of Iskele, Mosque of Tekeli Mehmet Pacha.

The Yivli Minare

Yivli contamination or fluted minaret is one of the first Islamic buildings in Antalya, is

a monument which dates from the 13th century, was built by Mehmet Beyin the foundation of

an old church. It is located east of the mosque Yivli mining, has a height of 38 meters, has 90

steps to the top and has 8 sections grooving. Are built with turquoise mosaic decorations and

cobalt blue tiles, this Minaret were a notch and became a symbol of Antalya.

The Mosque of Yivli Minare

It is located west of Yivli Minare, and relaxes by the six semi-spherical domes. It is an

old example of ancient buildings in terms of Anatolia. The mosque domes has elongated

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roughly rectangular plan on the east-west axis. It Measures about fourteen meters by eight

meters on the exterior and arched portals is Entered from Two Facing east and north.

Inside, the prayer hall is Composed by Three Bays and Have Seven Domed windows of

Various sixes - six of Them on the quibble wall - illuminated the interior. The walls of the

mosque are on the White-Washed outer domes and STIs is Covered with red brick tiles

Mosque was built by architect Tavşi Balaban in 1372.

The Mosque of Mevlevis

Located west of Mehmet Bey Tomb is believed to have been built in 1255 under the

orders of a Kaykobat Alaadin. This building has undergone renovations the time to get to this

day. It was used as a famous monastery dating from the 18th century, today is used as an office

by the Gallery of Fine Arts in Antalya and attracts curiosity of art lovers.

Medersa of Giyaseddin Keyhusrev

Represents a technological college of Giyaseddin Keyhusrev sultan, was built in 1239

by Governor Armagan in front of the college found another similar building that dates from the

13th century. The Merdesa was originally part of a much larger building complex of which

remains very less. In plan, proportion, and decoration it is the most developed of all Seljuk

madrasas. The plan follows a traditional four iwan courtyard madrasa, although the iwan

opposite the entrance no longer exists.

The mosque of Tekeli Mehmet Pasa

Located behind the clock tower, Tekeli Mehmet Pasha Mosque was built under the

Ottoman Empire at the end of 16th century(1593-1607) and was restored in 1940.This building

have a rectangular plane, the walls is made from stone and rubble, the doors have a arched

plan and have a very big dome. Also the mosque was built in the name of Mehmet Pasa, and

today is a place of worship space.

Merdersa of Karatay

Located on the modern marina of yachts in the street Karadayi, the Madrasa was built in

1250 by the Seljuk Vizier Karatay Celaleddin and is one of those types with two booths

opening on the court.

This building which has characteristics of the mosque has a mihrab decorated with rich

geometric patterns of the Seljuk Jewelry.

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The tomb of Mehmet Bey

In north of fluted minaret, the upper garden complex, this tomb was build in memory of

Mehmet Bey, who was also called Zincirkiran, which resulted in Antalya large companies,

during his whole life.

The building of tomb has construction in Seljuk style, made of rock cut tomb, covered with a

dome, and it has a round door stone. The simplicity of exterior, the window

and three levels of the tomb is a feature of Ottoman style.

The mosque of Murat Pașa

Murat Pasa Mosque was built on the orders of grand vizier Murat Pasa. Mosque has a

high dome, supported by a framework of 10 corners, is constructed T-shaped, with two arching

and a high tower. It has thick walls constructed of concrete, stone coupler, brick, and inside has

the white marble walls which are inscribed with calligraphic writings. All this art was done

manually with blue fountain pen inscriptions. With the inner walls running all through the

internal facade in the ribbon while presenting the most beautiful example of the Turkish-Seljuk

art of calligraphy.

Mosque has undergone changes in 1960 had repairs and currently represents a remarkable

landmark in Antalya.

Ataturk's House Museum

Ataturk8, who went three times in Antalya was the first time on 06 March 1930 and was

on the way to admire the Erenkuş-Lara sublime spectacle of the sea, beaches and Bey Monts

(Beydaglari) covered with snow, could not exclaimed to prevent that ,,Antalya is undoubtedly

the most beautiful place in the world,,. Today, visitors who go and visit the memorial house of

Ataturk in Antalya’s can relive his feelings and accept the fact that this city, because of its

natural and cultural values is truly a wonderful place. Ataturk's House has been transformed

into a museum, in order to support his memories. Hall has two floors, with a rectangular

serving as a museum since 1986; first floor has an exhibition of photographs taken during

Atatürk's visits to various events in Antalya, also still find documentation about city projects,

and his office tables. A floor above the room has Ataturk's personal items, room work, his

bedroom and another section which is exposed his tickets silver.

8 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk-Idem page 14

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The Archeological Museum

Archeological Museum is situated on the western edge of town at the far end of Kenan

Evren bulvari; in 1972 the Antalya archeological museum was transferred to this new building

situated by the side of several 5 stars hotels at the top of the road leading down to Konyaalti

beach.

The Exhibits were rearranged in 1985. At the museum entrance, is a small children’s section,

primarily used for school groups, provides the opportunity for play with old tools and pots, and

past this the well lead galleries are arranged both chronologically and thematically were are

preserved the most interesting of the findings discovered in the region, beautifully arranged in

the thirteen sections, with a large number of statues and

Excavations exhibited in the garden. All the well-preserved findings unearthed during the

excavations carried out in the ancient cities around the region are brought here for exhibition

the museum contains an extraordinarily rich

collection of objects ranging from prehistoric stone

implements to statues of the gods, from roman

imperial sculpture to roman and Greek coins and

from ancient floor mosaics to ethnographic artifacts

of the Ottoman period.

In the museum exist galleries which contain many

second century AD statues from Perge, this section

are The Perge Hall that contains smaller objects

including perfume flasks, bronze statuary and

lamps, and underwater case showing miscellaneous

finds from wrecks as well as yet more Perge statuary

honoring the various demigods and priestesses of

the roman imperial cult.

There are approximately 5000 artifacts exhibited in

the open air gallery of Antalya museum and was awarded with the special Prize of the Council

of Europe in 1988.

Large scaled exhibits which cannot be displayed in the halls such as sarcophagi, statues and

gravestones are the main items on display in the open air gallery. In the interior part of the

museum there are 13 exhibition halls incorporating many historical monuments. The natural

historic and Prehistoric Hall exhibits fossils and minerals from the geological period. The

gallery of the gods includes Zeus the father of the gods. The mother Goddess Artemis,

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Aphrodite, Demeter, Isis and Hermes. The hall of imperial statues displays large statues of

emperors such as Traian, Hadrianos and Augustus. The sarcophagus hall exhibits sarcophagi

and relief.

Finally, regional artifacts, clothing, and manuscripts of the Seljuk , ottoman and the

republic periods can be seen in the Ethnography hall. Beside all this collection at the end of the

museum exists, book shop, coffee shops and a pleasant shady garden scattered with some fine

overspill sculptures and tombs.

1.2. Antalya- The historic city.

The city of Antalya is situated on cliffs at the extreme end golf, the city centre is

located in the region contained within the old defense walls surrounding the yacht harbour9,

but, since 1970s and 1980s, the city has expanded very rapidly towards the west and north. In

the last twenty years, immigrations from central and eastern Anatolia have raised the urban

population by some 400%.

Antalya was founded in the 2nd century A.D by Attalus, king of Pergamon, the

name Attalia meant,, City of the Divine,, King Attala in the Etruscan/Luvian language, but

afterwards this name was changed to Adalia in Ancient Pamphylia, finally coming to be known

as Antalya. Despite being comparative late-comer in this region of very ancient cities, Attaleia

became the main Pamphylian port under Pergamene and later Roman rule. The city continued

to prosper during Byzantine times with its harbour acting as a staging post from where the

Christian Crusaders embarked on ships for the voyage east to the Holy land.

Antalya was captured by the Selcuk Turks in 1207, briefly falling into the hands of King Peter

of Cyprus and then the Turkomen Hamidoglu clan, before Murat I took the city in 1387 for the

Ottomans.

Antalya became a provincial backwater under the Ottomans, renowned primarily for the fruit

produced in its carefully tended walls gardens. In 1918 Italian forces took over the city along

with a large chunk of south-west Anatolia, only to be dislodged in 1922 by Ataturk’s nationalist

forces. A year later the city’s substantial Turkish-speaking Greek population was obliged to

leave for Greece as part of the post-treaty of Lausanne population exchanges.

9 harbour also spelled harbor, any part of a body of water and the manmade structures surrounding it that sufficiently shelters a vessel from wind, waves, and currents, enabling safe anchorage or the discharge and loading of cargo and passengers;

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The ancient city, whose main source of income were the trade in salt, olive oil, fish, cereals,

cedar wood and saddle beasts, was incorporated under the Roman Empire in 133 B.C in

accordance with the bequest of the last Pergamene king.

The harbour area is undoubtedly the most interesting part of the city, although construction was

begun at the time of the foundation of the city the surviving remains generally date back to the

3rd century A.D with traces work in the upper parts of the walls. Since the 1970s, many old

stone or wooden Ottoman houses that line the narrow streets contained within the old defense

walls have been restored and converted into pensions, hotels and restaurants. Now, the city

centre is composed of the old town and its environs.

Kaleici

Today, the area with the most historical artifacts is the centre of Antalya, and is called Kaleici,

which is a fortified region and is now a protected area in order to preserve the works of the

Byzantine and Seljuk eras. Kaleici also serves tourism as an accommodation and entertainment

centre. There are churches, basilicas, temples, houses and monuments of the Ottomans and

Seljuks, which date back thousands of years. Ancient walls of the historic center that dates back

over two thousand years, they remained part today, representing a collective work of all

civilizations.

There are many 19th century houses in the district and they are noteworthy examples of civil

architecture. These houses are original structures, climate compatible both structurally and

spatially, with their high garden walls separating the houses from the streets and with their

living spaces surrounded by cages, stone structures and extensions.

These houses have two or three floors, including a facade facing the street and other open into

to the garden, the colors of houses are painted in terracotta-blue, green and jostle for

prominence over the confusion network streets that are almost impossible to navigat perfectly

reflects the atmosphere of the eve of Antalya.

Kaleici is the tourist heart center of Antalya, Kaleici old center both inside and outside,

which is surrounded by two rows of walls.

Today, the old port Kaleici new port is used as a modernized, along with the ancient town

offers magnificent views of the city. Many artists, writers and poets were inspired by the

landscape that it offers the port.

Inevitably, the authentic atmosphere of the old harbour has been sacrificed to the

redevelopment, the harbour is now mainly home to day-trip boats, some charter gülets10 and a

10 plural of gullet/brigatine is a vessel with two masts, only the forward of which is square rigged.

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very few fishing boats, but on balance, the venture seems to have been a success and the area is

popular with tourists and local alike.

View from the old port of Antalya-(Yat Limanı/ Yacht Harbour) source: CARDBOOK of Antalya

The most important landmarks are in this side of Antalya – Kaleici, like Hadrianus Gate, in the

front and in the back of the gate, there are eight Corinthian columns resting on pedestals and

the guard towers on both sides if the door are square plan .This is the best preserved of three

gates in the region. Also there are the Hidirlik Tower, Yivli Minaret, Karatay Madrasa, Yivli

Minaret Mosque, all of which are prime examples of Seljuk architecture.

Minister of Culture and Tourism of Turkey was awarded ’’Golden Apples’’ by the

International Federation of Journalists and Travel Writers in 1984 for the restoration project of

Kaleici, which became an urban classroom.

1.3 Ancient cities and around it-historical places

1.3.1 EAST OF ANTALYA

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East of Antalya holds special beauty kept from history which is reflected in cities from

this part, Perge, Sillyon, Aspendos, Selge, Side, Manavgat, Alanya and Anamur.

PERGE

The ancient settlement of Perge is sited within the borders of Aksu district, 18 km east of

Antalya, in ancient times Perge was port city and also was called Parga, meaning high,

changing to Perge in the Ancient Pamphylia. Apollonios was from Perge and he was widely

known in ancient times for calculating the properties of the ellipse in geometry. The Persians,

Alexander the Great and the Romans in turn occupied this city, which grew and developed with

the survivors and refugees from the Trojan War. The temples build in the Romans period in the

names of the chief goddess Artemis and her brother Apollo were converted into in the Christian

period.

The most important remains in the city

belong to the 15.000 capacity theatre, which was

used as an arena in the Late Roman Period. The

façade towards the road was converted at a later

period into a Nymphaeum or monumental

fountain .The cave is divided by a board

diazoma11 with 19 tiers of seats below and 23

above, giving the theatre a total capacity of

12,000.The stage building, which collapsed as a

result of earthquakes, is adorned with a frieze of

Bacchus, god of wine and theatre.

Directly opposite the theatre, on the right hand side of the road, lies the stadium, one of the best

–preserved buildings o this type in Anatolia.(edifice long of 234 m and 24 m wide , it had 12

rows of seats, with space for 12.000 spectators.

Other attractions of the ancient Perge, is the first gate encountered at the entrance to

the city, is the relatively new south gate erected in the 4 th century A.D. The Hellennistic gate

have 90 m behind this, strengthened with cylindrical tower 13 m in diameter , dates ,like the

city defence walls, from the 3rd century B.C.

Between the Roman and Hellenistic gates stand the largest Roman bath in the province

of Pamphylia, with a palaestra12, used for physical exercises, in front. The black and with

11 The wide horizontal walkway between the lower and upper tiers of seats in a Greek theater;12 In ancient Greece or Rome-a public place devoted to the training of athletes;

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geometrical decoration on the floor and in the heading tunnels of the bath, have survived in a

good state of preservation .In the front of the bath stood o monumental fountain.

In the Roman gate at the entrance to the city is connected to the acropolis 300 m away by a

street 20 m wide flanked by a portico with columns, mosaic, pavements and shops.

There was water channel down the centre and the ruts made by the wheels of the carts or

carriages are still clearly visible. The surplus water from the fountain at the end of the street

flowed over stones placed every 8 m perpendicular to the flow of the water, giving the shoppers

a certain feeling of refreshing coolness.

Perge, remains the city with a beautiful relief for, his eloquent architecture, for historical

sculptures which many statues found here are now at the Museum of Antalya and also all the

archaeologist amateurs will want to see all this antiques.

SILLYON

Situated about 7 km of Perge ruins and was founded, for reason of defence, on a higt

flat-topped hill. Like Perge and another’s neighboring cities, Sillyon is said to have been found

by tribes arriving in the region after the Trojan War.

Sillyon in BC period started printing their own money on coins bearing the name of the third

century. The name of the city was changed during the Roman period fom Silyon in Silviys.

Sillyon remained an important centre of habitation from Hellenistic to Seljuk times. The

absence of archaeological excavations, is the distance from the main road and comparatively is

a small dimensions account for its failure to attract more than a very few visitors.

Visible remains in Sillyon include the terrace houses, a temple and city, together with a

few little’s temples, a stadium, a palaestra, an odeon and number of cisterns, towers from

roman times. The largest is a late Helenistic structure with several arched windows in its upper

storey that later served the Seljuk as a fortress.

Another’s interesting sights are the stadiums which is located near the palace building and

main gate. The western section of the sitting desks leans against a gallery with an extended

archway and the eastern section of these leans against the hill. The gymnasium which was used

as a bishop’s palace in Byzantine times and now home only the to sheep, the theatre which was

built right on the south western slope of the hill and large part of the theatre building was

ruined as a result of a landslide in the year 1969. The cavea and the lower section of the stage

building collapsed completely and only the last 15 rows have survived, Seljuk mosque. The

most interesting part of the acropolis is the arena around the ruined theatre, which offers

graphic visual evidence of nature’s erosion of the man-made past. Following the 199

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earthquake, only the top few sets remain, the rest of structure now lying scattered across the

plain below.

Sillyon is without doubt one of the best preserved ancient cities and his

anthropogenic landscape, that has plenty of examples of architectural Phamphylie, make this

city populous.

ASPENDOS

At the end of a road branching off left just before the Köprüpazariçayi Bridge, about

the 35 km along the Antalya, highway there is a yellow sign pointing to the ancient city of

Aspendos. In ancient times, the city which possesses the best preserved roman theatre , in

Anatolia ,was a port connected to the sea by the river Eurymedon, now known as the Köprü

pazariçayi. The name of the city was Asiawanda in the Etruscan/Luwian language, which

meant Horse Country. The name changed to Aspendos in ancient Phamphylia.

The city was founded on the acropolis hill, after Tojan War by the Mospus, very little

excavation has been conducted in the city so far, with the result that there are very remains of

the Hellenistic period.

In the 5th century the city had symbolized his independence by minting a silver coinage but

until it is liberation by Alexander the Great in 133 B.C.it remained under Persian rule. In the 1 st

century it came under Seljuk hegemony, and it was during this period that a bridge was erected

over the river and a caravanserai built inside of the theatre. In the 2nd and 3rd centuries the main

source of livelihood of the population was trade in the oil and the salt obtained from the nearby

Lake Capria.

The first object of interest one

encounters after leaving the Antalya

is the stone bridge, build by the

Seljuk in the 13th century. In order

to save money and time, the bridge

was constructed on the foundations

of an older bridge dating from the

roman period. From there the road

continues towards small restaurants

and some ruins of little general

interest, to arrive at the 2nd century

Roman theatre. This was built

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during the reign of the emperor Marcus Aurelius by two wealthy citizens, the brothers Curtius,

and designed by Xenon, one of the most famous architects of the time.

Built of sandstone, limestone and marble the theatre possesses marvelous acoustics, in the 3 rd

century, the semicircular orchestra, which is 24 m in diameter was surrounded by high walls,

making it suitable for wild beast shows. The cave or auditorium is divided into two by a central

passage known as the diazoma. With 20 tiers of seats above the diazoma and 21 below, the

theatre can seat a total of 20,000 spectators.

The colonnade of 59 arches surrounding the upper part of the theatre which was added at later

date in order to improve the acoustics. The stage building is a 10 m high and 62.5 m wide with

two storeys’s each containing eighteen niches in which statues were placed. In theatre are five

entrances in the outer façade with four rows of windows above this.

Used in roman times for large public gatherings and in ottoman times for sporting activities

such as camel wrestling, the Aspendos theatre was restored in 1930 on the orders of Mustafa

Ataturk, the founder of Turkish Republic, and given classified status. The theatre continues at

the present day in its service to culture as a venue for festivals of music and the arts.

The most interesting building in the Aspendos after the theatre itself is the aqueduct,

dating from the 2nd century A.D presented to the city by a wealthy citizen, named Tiberius

Claudius.

The aqueduct is 15 km long, with a central section 925 m in length rising in the place to a

height of 15 m. Before the construction of the aqueduct the city was supplied with water from

wells and the Eurymedone. At the north and south ends of the aqueduct there are water pressure

towers 30 m in height. Apart from the well-preserved theatre and aqueduct there are also a

stadium at 215 m in length, a basilica at 105 m in length, a two-storey nymphaeum 13, three

necropolises14, two domed bath buildings and an agora in the upper city. No scientific

excavation has so far been carried out on the site.

,, You may have seen yet the amphitheatres from Italy, France, in the Dalmatian and Africa,

the temples from Egypt and the Greek, palaces in Crete. You may not satisfied or you like

ancient ruins.But perhaps you do not love them all. But perhaps you have not yet visited the

Aspendos Theatre,,15

13 ancient Greek and Roman sanctuary consecrated to water nymphs; -an architecturally treated outlet of a reservoir or aqueduct;14 plural Necropolises, from Greek nekropolis, “city of the dead”), in archaeology, an extensive and elaborate burial place of an ancient city;15 David George Hogarth (was a British archaeologist and scholar associated with T. E. Lawrence and Arthur

Evans.) text from ,,The Ancient East,, Nabu Press-0ctomber 2010

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SELGE

The city valley formed by Kopru River between Bolosan village and Beșkonak, Selge now

known as Zerk, is located on the slopes of the valley formed by the Koprucayi in the middle of

the Toros Mountains, which surround Antalya region along the cypress and pine threes edges,

with simple village houses right next to or even on top of the ancient ruins.

Selge a city which minted it is the first coin in the 5th century B.C, was an important

Pisiadin centre for the trade in olives, olive oil, forest product, fruits and medicinal herbs.

In 333B.C the Selgians judiciously surrender to Alexander the Great as he approached,

however, up until its first century incorporation into the Roman Empire the city remained

wholly independent, protected from would-be aggressors by its remoteness and isolation.

Considering the present communities problematic water supply it seems amazing that city with

a population that reached 20,000 at its peak could have been supported in these dry mountains,

but Selge survived in one form or another well into the Byzantine period.

The best preserved of the ruins is the Greco-Roman theatre, which is situated very close

to the village, with a seating capacity of 10,000. As well, the theatre is 30 seating rows in the

lower section and 15 in the upper section and total it has 45 seating rows. There are four arched

gates which provide entry to the section for the spectators. The stage building has Roman style

and it is adjacent to the section for the spectators.

The theatre survived remarkably intact until a bold of lightning during a storm in 1948 reduced

the stage building to the heap of rubble

The early Selge, hold and ancient stadium, which is another landmark of this city, is

situated to the south west of the theatre and one of the longer sides of it leans against the same

hill and the other longer side leans against an arched gallery.

Stadium has a capacity of 5000 persons and has the dimensions of about 180x28m.

The unearthed inscriptions show that the traditional contests were held one in every four years

and that the statues of the winners were erected.

Which is a crowned by a jumble of stone that archaeologists have identified as a

Temples of Zeus, another city rich’s, which is dedicated to Zeus, the tutelary deity of Selge ,

lies o a hill above the village. Considering Selge’s location, surrounded by snow-covered

peaks and exposed to violent rain-storms and frequent thunder and lightning in spring, the

Selgeians choice of Zeus as their protector is very understandable.

As well in Selge, holds a large cistern, its dept is 7,5m and its diameter is 21m.

It was built for the purpose of collecting and distributing water to the city. Cistern was

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collecting and distributing the rain water and the water conveyed by a canal coming from the

north. A Byzantine church, which her foundation sit up on a hill to the southeast, with enjoy

panoramic views down the valley and up to the snow-streaked peck of Bozburum.

SIDE

The name Side used to mean Pomegranate 16 in ancient Anatolia dialect and was

founded in the 7th century B.C is a colonists attracted by the defensive potential of the rocky

cape. It grew into a rich port with estimated 60,000 inhabitants during its peak in the second

century A.D. Initially a significant proportion of Side’s wealth rested on the slave trade, with

the city authorities allowing pirates to run an illegal slave market inside the city walls, in which

thousands of human beings were bought and sold every day. Side survived only until the Arab

invasion. Despite later attempts by the Turkish government and various archeological agencies

to evict them, these villagers stayed, and by the 1980 s their descendants were starting to reap

the rewards of Side’s tourist boom.

The first settlement has been dated to the 1st millennium B.C. according to Strabo; it was

colonized by emigrants from Cyme in the Aegean province.

Now began the gold age of the city, with the construction of new defenses walls to

provide for the protection of a population which had now spread out beyond the old walls of

the Hellenistic period. Both lines of walls are clearly visible at the present.

By the side of the road leading to Side lie de ruins of the aqueduct which was used to bring

water to the great monumental fountain in the city from a distance of 35 km.

The present day road follows the

course of the ancient street and the

entrances to the shops are clearly visible

on the eastern side. The building now

used as a museum situated on the left of

the road leading to the theatre and the

monumental fountain was the agora bath.

This building was very probably used in

the roman period as a government house,

although some believe it to have been a

16 Fruit of Punica granatum, a bush or small tree of Asia, which with a little-known species from the island of Socotra constitutes the family Punicaceae.

32

library. The shell reliefs over the niches in this building testify to the great influence exerted by

the sea in Sidetan culture.

A small gate on the road leading from the government house to the theatre give access to the

village by the eastern road, and a short walk along this road will very clearly reveal the extent

to which the touristic village has encroached on the ancient site. Immediately after this, is the

Side sanctuary area containing temples of Athena and Apollo dating from the 2nd century A.D.

The twin temples are on a peripheral plan with 6x11 Corinthian columns. These temples also

served as lighthouses with fire burning on their walls. Several of the columns are capitals of the

temple of Apollo have been unearthed in recent excavations and re-erected.

Next to the temple is the harbour, were the ancient breakwaters surrounding it are still clearly

visible, and then turn to the north to enter the ancient colonnaded street. Also here is the

theatre, the most imposing of all the monuments in Side. A latrine is to be seen immediately

under the stage building in the side towards the monumental fountain. The theatre itself is

entered through a gate dating from the Byzantine period.

Unfortunately, an examination of the materials used in the construction, which included

meticulously carved Roman columns, column capitals and other architectural elements,

provides sad evidence of how Christian belief led to the destruction of a number of very fine

pagan temples and other monuments. The Side theatre was build over a small theatre of the

Hellenistic period, as the city of Side is situated on a level plain with no hills against which the

cave could be built the necessary height for this enormous theatre was obtained by the

construction of the great arches typical of roman architecture.

This colossal theatre, displaying amazing skill in static and a most impressive architectural

technique, is one of the finest and most successful of all the edifices in the ancient world.

Although several cracks and flaws caused by earthquakes can be seen in the upper tiers, the

building still preserves much of its original beauty and integrity.

Others ruins in Side city are, the Byzantine church that’s gradually disappearing under

the dunes. It is located at the part of this street close to the theater and to the west of the harbor

street. Partially it is undamaged. This Byzantine building dates back to the 5th century AD.

Having three sections and an abscissa the monument has a plan resembling a square.

Also in Side exist olds houses which are understood to be used also in the later Roman periods

but built in the 2nd century BC. It is thought that in front of the house on the street the three

rooms were shops and that they belonged probably to the owner of the house.

Both the rooms and atrium host colored marble coverings. Clay water pipes in the coverings

reveal the fact that there were water and bathroom in both houses.

33

Commercial agora has the sizes of 90X95m and was built 2nd century AD. Only the

foundations of this building which is made of a courtyard with the sizes 60X65m, the shops

behind these and the stoats around this courtyard have survived through the present day. The

building has a propylon (monumental gate in ancient architecture, located at the entrance of a

building or a group of buildings. There are columns on its sides facing both the interior and the

exterior) facing the street. Shops doors overlooking the streets open to street and those of the

shops overlooking the courtyard open to the courtyard. The building’s roof had the shape of a

pyramid with 12 sides. On its dome shaped ceiling there were the symbols of the Zodiac signs-

symbols of the star groups.

MANAVGAT

Manavgat is 76 km east of Antalya, the small city was established on the banks of the

Manavgat River , and its name was Manauwa in the Etruscan/ Luwian language. This was later

changed to Melas in ancient Pamphylia.

The attraction in this city is the Manavgat Waterfalls and Duden, ruins, Ahmetler canyon and

the Alara River. Just 30 km east of Manavgat, exist a road spears off north to Alarahan, with its

quirky thirteenth century Seljuk kervansaray17 built for the benefit of trades operating in the

Seljuk city of Konya, it was the creation of Sultan Alaeddin Keykubad.

In the same direction, there are the spectacular ruins of an ancient castle, scarcely discernible

against the stony back drop but accessible by way of steep stairs in a tunnel.

ALANYA

Crossing the Manavgat River is the ancient province of Cicilia, in the ancient times; the

most important town of the region was Coracesium, now known as Alanya. Although the date

of the first settlement here is uncertain the city is known to have been founded in the 2nd

century B.C. by the sailors of Tryphon, a famous pirate who held the whole trade of the Eastern

Mediterranean in his power. Alanya is one of the most beautiful tourist centers on the south

coast of Turkey and a district containing a number of sites of quite exceptional historical

signification. The plan created by the alluvium brought down by the Dim and Ova streams from

the Geyik Mts that form part of the Taurus range, is the most important banana growing area in

Turkey. The capture of the city by the Seljuk Sultan A.K. in 1221 was followed by extensive

17 English ,,caravansary”-a public building used for sheltering caravans and other travelers. The caravansary is usually constructed outside the walls of a town or village;

34

building operations, including the construction of the castle, which has survived in an excellent

state of preservation.

Alanya Castile, with it’s over 7 km of walls and over one hundred towers, is the most famous

castle on Turkey’s Mediterranean coastline.

The most important of the old monuments to be seen as one enters the gate through the outer

defense walls are the Suleymaniye Mosque, a very fine specimen of ottoman architecture. The

Akcebe Sultan Tekkesi built a good road and numbers of caravanserais18, the most famous of

these being the Alara Han built by the Seljuk Sultan A.K. in the first half of the 13 th century, a

building of particular importance on account of its very interesting architecture and the quite

extraordinary beauty of its monumental entrance door. Immediately beside the Seljuk Palace

stands the famous 11th century church of St George. Its careful preservation and its survival in

such excellent condition immediately adjacent to a Sultan’s palace constitute a remarkable

testimonial to the religious tolerance displayed by the Anatolian Turks. The five wells to be

seen by the side of the church were constructed to ensure an adequate supply of water to the

palace. The roof of the store-rooms of the inner keep offer magnificent panoramic view over

the whole of Alanya and Cleopatra beaches. The most interesting monument in the harbour and

landing-stage area is the old,, Red Tower ,, so called because of the color of the bricks of

which it is constructed. This tower has 33m high and building as a defense for the habour and

dockyard which can be seen the eastern side of the peninsula. Over the entrance can be seen a

five line inscription with the date 1227. The dockyard is of great historical importance insofar

as it lay at the origin of the Turkish fleet which later ventured out into the Mediterranean.

ANAMUR

Trough very beautiful road through a region where are the Taurus Mountains, came very

close to the see are the city Anmur located in a fertile plain formed and watered by the Anamur

River that flows down to the coast from the Taurus Mountains, with a latitude of 36’, the city

and the cape of Anamur are the most southern point on the Turkish coast. The ancient city of

Anemurion is situated immediately to the right of the point where the road from the mountains

joins the Anamur plain.

The first settlement on the site occupied by this ancient is now surrounded by banana

plantations and greenhouses for vegetables, goes back as far the 1st millennium B.C. The city,

18 Gr.(ˌkarəˈvansərʌɪ, -ri)- historical an inn with a central courtyard for travellers in the desert regions of Asia or North Africa;

35

liberated from the Persian yoke with the arrival of Alexander the Great, came under Seleucian

hegemony in 322.B.C.

The site is divided into two sections: the lower and upper city. The upper city, which consists

of the acropolis, has interesting remains of a theatre, odeon19, bath, basilica and colonnaded

street. The lower city has a very interesting necropolis, the third largest and most important

necropolis in Anatolia, with two-storied tombs over vaulted structures. There are also

interesting remains of a church dating from the Late Byzantine period. Continuing for 3 kmto

the east of Anamur is the,, Mamure castle,, built in the 3 rd century, in the roman period, it

continued to be used in byzantine times.

1.3.2 WEST OF ANTALYA

Most of western cities of Antalya, which have a huge footprint of the historic raids, are

Termessos, Lycia, Phaselis, Tekirova, Olympos, Aricanada, Kale-Myra.

TERMESSOS

The ancient city of Termessos is located in Gulluk, Termessos National Park, which are

declared as a protected zone, 30 north-west of Antalya. Also located on wild and rugged slopes

amid the peaks of the Taurus Mountains and surrounded by a vast necropolis of tombs broken

and scattered by a series of the devastating earthquakes, Termessos continues, in the sound of

the winds howling around the peaks of the mountains, to repeat to tourists arriving from all four

corners of the world the wild, warlike and heroic legends of the past.

Termessos enjoyed its first period of peace and prosperity during the Hellenistic era, and

its second under the Romans, when the citizen were given the right of drafting their own laws.

The city was founded at an altitude of 1050 m on a piece of level ground between two

mountains. The steep, winding road leading up to the site ends in a car-end, and the visitor

would be well-advised to rest here a little before attempting the rather difficult and arduous

climb up to the ruins. From the steep road leading up to the site the remains of an aqueduct can

be seen lying amidst these walls and various other ruins. To the left at the beginning of the

ancient track known as Kings Way, lies the lower section of the second largest necropolis in

Anatolia, while on the right there is a propylon20, dating from the reign of the Empeor Hadrian.

As well, here are the walls of the inner fortifications, immediately, behind them, are the

19 In ancient Greece or Rome a building used for musical performances.Known also like odeon;20 Propylaeum or propylon-an entrance or vestibule to a temple or group of buildings. Also called propylon;

36

remains of gymnasium, the theatre with unique and extraordinary beauty of the building. This

little Hellenistic theatre, set like an eagle’s nest in a hollow between two precipitous slopes

overlooking the Mediterranean from an altitude of many hundreds meters. Immediately beside

the theatre there is a bouleuterion21 in the form of a small odeon22 used for meetings of the city

council. This section, with the ruins of a temple scattered around it, possesses a certain divine

magnificence.

Returning to the agora, we will find surrounded by a dazzling wealth of historical

remains, the whole area being covered with hundreds of sarcophagi, temple-type tombs and

funerary monuments off all varies.

LYCIA

The region in the south-west corner of Anatolia known in ancient times as the province of

Lycia contains some of loveliest and most interesting historical sites in Turkey, together with a

whole line o beaches and beauty sports, each more attractive that the other, to which every

visitors is eager to return. Lycia consisted of the region jutting out into Mediterranean between

Antalya and Fethiye, in which the mountains of the Taurus range rise to a height of 2,500m.

Egyptian and Hittite sources refer to the inhabitants of the region as ,,Lukka,, who are

mentioned as having fought with the Hittites against the Egyptians at the Battle of Kadesh in

1295 B.C. Other source give the names, ‘’Lubi,, and ,,Leleg’’, celebrated for their warlike

character and passionate love of freedom, the Lycians offered fierce resistance to all attempts at

invasion. This is confirmed by Homer’s reference to the Lycians in the Iliand, where he

described how the heroes Sarpedon and Galucus joined Hector in defending Troy against

Achilleus and Agamemnon.

PHASELIS-TEKIROVA

Town Phaselis –Terikova is the city which has a great combination between forest and

history, the conversion of area into a National Park has freed Phaseelis from the blight of

touristic exploitation and transformed the whole area into an earthly paradise. Located in a

particularly beautiful setting, Phaselis was founded in the 7th century B.C, by Rhodian colonists

arriving in the area under the leadership of a commander by the name of Lakios. The

foundation of the city was immediately followed by a period of Persian rule, and, regained its

independence as the result of a naval expedition led by the Athenian commander Cimon in 449 21 A bouleuterion was a building which housed the council of citizens (boule) in Ancient Greece. There are several extant remains of Bouleuterions around Greece and former Greek territories of ancient times.22 Idem ,page 35;

37

B.C .Phaselis was soon forced once again to recognize Persian hegemony, it was one of the

cites that offered an exceptionally warm welcome to Alexander the Great when he arrived here

from the siege of Termessos. . After remaining for some times as a pirate stronghold rule by the

famous Mediterranean pirate chief Zenicetes, the city later passed into the hands of the ,, Pax

Romana,,23 that the city was enjoy the most brilliant period in its history.

The beauty of the city are the aqueduct beside the eastern harbour and in the opposite

side are the smallest of the three, one can still see the ancient breakwater and embankment of

cut stone. Another site are the ruins of the former theatre and ruins of the Hadriatic gate,

marble blocks ,with reliefs displaying cornucopias, clusters of grapes and a wealth of detailed

decoration, which can be seen scattered over the ground.

OLYMPOS

It is located 75 km west of Antalya, on the slopes of Mount Mouses (Musa Dagi),

where a river with the same name flows into to the sea in the Olympus Beydaglari National

Park. The name of the region used to be Aluamapa, in the Etruscan/ Luwian language and

meant,, Holy water source of the sky mother’’. The ancient city was founded on both banks of

the stream in the deep valley behind the bay. Olympus is a word describing high mountains and

acropolises. Today the area including the remains of the shore is called Korykos. In addition to

the remains of a theatre on the slope of the hills which is in a very ruined state.

On the vest of site are the necropolises of Olympus, which are now broadens out and is covered

at the present day with citrus plantations. As well, here are the Byzantine church and baths;

there are over 200 engraved tombs at the main necropolis.

ARYCANADA

The ruins of the ancient city of Arycanada are located at the meeting point of the Lycian

coastal cities of the inland region.

From evidence provided by the extant coins it would appear that the city was founded in the 5 th

century B.C. and that it joined the Lycian language in the 2nd century B.C. After the

establishment of Christianity the city remained until the 11th century the seat of a bishopric. The

acropolis is situated on a small hill to the south of the city on which fragments of the defense

walls are still visible. To the east of this lie the remains of a bath and a gymnasium, the temple

tomb with podium, while another tomb with podium, with relief carving can be seen 30 m t the

23 Latin for "Roman peace’’-was the long period of relative peace and minimal expansion by military force experienced by the Roman Empire in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD.

38

south. A flight of the steps leads from the theatre terrace to a stadium some 80 m in length,

immediately adjacent to the remains of a nymphaeum24, a second bath, a stoa25 and

bouleuterion26.

KALE-MYRA

From Finike the road winds its way along past a series of bays, each more beautiful than

the other and each with beautifully clear, limpid blue water to reach the ancient city of Myra, in

the present day Kale. Myra was one of the six most important cities in the Lycian League, like

other cities in the region, showed considerable growth in size and wealth during the roman

period and by the reign of the Byzantine Emperor Theodosius II it had become the capital of

the province and the most important city in the region because here St Nicholas lived in the 4 th

century, became a legendary figure on account of the generous assistance and the destitute and

as Santa Claus, became a celebrated figure throughout the whole world.

The most important of the buildings in the ancient of Myra is undoubtedly the theatre. This

imposing edifice, dating from the roman period and with a seating capacity of 10.000 is

remarkable for the extremely solid technique employed in its construction and the harmony of

its proportions. The orchestra is surrounded by a high wall, which suggests that is was also used

for gladiatorial combats and wild beast shows. There are also interesting figures of dolphins

carved on the edges of the seats.

Church of St Nicholas (Santa Claus), one the most important touristic sights in kale myra is this

church, popularly for as the name,, House of Santa Claus,,. St Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, was

born in Patara, one of the most interesting ancient sites in Lycia, around 300 A.D.Well known

for his philanthropy and benevolence, he became a legendary figure on account of he help and

assistance he offered to orphans and the destitute, and after his death was generally recognized

as a ‘’saint,, St. Nicholas won the love and affection of children by the surprise visits he paid

them and small gifts he brought. It was in this church that he lived and worked for many years,

investing it within a more unusually sacred character.

This church suffered extensive damage in the Arab raids on the 7th an 8th centuries and in the

11th century; some Italian merchants arrived here, broke open the sarcophagus of the saint and

carried his remains off the Bari.

24 Plural ( nymphaea -origin via latin from greek)- a grotto or shrine dedicated to a nymph or nymphs;25 a classical portico or roofed colonnade’;26 Idem page 32;

39

This first church, built here in the 4 th century, was destroyed by an earthquake shortly

after Nicholas death, but, as Myra had now became an important Christian centre, work as

immediately begun on the construction of a new basilica.

Rock-cut, Myra/Source: www.anatoliaholiday.com

CHAPTER II

II. Turkish Riviera- Antalya Mediterranean Paradise.

2. Turkish Riviera-Littoral Tourism.

The Turkish Riviera also known popularly as the Turquoise Coast is situated in south

part of the Mediterranean coast between the regions Mugla town in the west of Antalya, till

Alanya city in the east of Antalya, where Antalya is in centre and represent the heart of Turkish

Riviera, with one lovely beach long to 220 km coastline.

Indescribable natural beauties of the Turkish Riviera make from this coast an

incomparable land. On the whole of the year, the flanks of the Taurus Mountains are converted

40

to green forests and plunge into the waves of the magnificent Gulf of Antalya, creating an

irregular strip armrests beaches and mountains.

Source:www.visit-antalya.com

Its countless bays of crystalline turquoise are caught between the cliffs of the mountains with a

beauty that goes beyond words. In spring, the mild climate produces flowers with extraordinary

flavors. This coastal strip is favored by a lush vegetation of palms, pines, orange, lemon,

avocado and trees of banana. The Mediterranean coast is also spoiled by the 300 days of

sunshine per year. With its beaches and islands, this coast is a true paradise for boating

exploitation, such as sailing, swimming, surfing, nauting ski, diving and spear fishing. The

region also is suitable for mountaineering and caving.

Turkish Riviera gained through a good combination that offer the relief because, in March or

April, the Joys of skiing on mountain and those from the beach. That is why it is one of the few

regions in the world has to offer activities for all seasons. All these natural beauties are in

addition full of abundant historical memories. Lives since the Paleolithic period, this littoral

saw many civilizations flourish, and today the remains of theaters, temples, churches, fortresses

and mosques to trace the delight of visitors and prestigious this long history.

Turkish Riviera is very populated and known because of the services which offer for tourists,

with hospitality that receive the tourists, many hotels are also popular because servicing all

inclusive system, spa, fantastic scenery and attractions, all are a result of tourism at full

expansion of the Turkish Riviera.

Whatever the case, the region is brilliant for vacation purposes, with wonderful strips of beach

and a plethora of sites to balance out the rest and relaxation that waits. In fact, inhabitants of

41

Turkish Riviera towns love to boast that the area has more Greek and Roman relics, ruins and

monuments than Greece and Italy.

The region is anchored by three major ‘’mega,, resorts, each with a different character, Antalya,

the capital of the region is a city with a life outside tourism and a cosmopolitan atmosphere,

while Side is a pure resort town with a very mixed continental clientele. Alanya, the most

easterly of the three, has two great beaches and a magnificent citadel. Outside these are the first

purpose-built resorts- Belek and Kemer being the most popular- set in the finest locations and a

great range of up-to-date sports facilities. From all these and as well, from all the resorts from

Turkish Riviera can see the quality of services that will satisfy the most demanding desires of

tourists.

Resorts of Turkish Riviera are more concentrated mainly at the western end

Turquoise Coast around Fethiye and the region between Antalya to Alanya. The resorts of

Turkish Riviera in the eastern side are, Belek, Side and Alanya, the ,,capital,, of Turkish

Riviera is Antalya resort, in the western side are more complexes.

2.1. Concept of Blue Flag in Turkey

Blue Flag is an exclusive eco-label given to beaches and marinas having reached to a

standard stated in the criteria. It is an international programs currently being implemented in 48

countries around the world including Europe, South Africa, Morocco, Tunisia, New Zealand,

Canada and Caribbean and now in Turkey.

First time, Turkey has started studies for the Blue Flag Campaign in 1993 under the leadership

of the Ministry of Turkey Environment Education Foundation (TÜRÇEV) was established.

The Blue Flag works towards sustainable development at beaches/marinas through strict

criteria dealing with water quality, environmental education and information, environmental

management, and safety and other services. Having reached more than 20 years of experience,

Blue Flag introduces new criteria according to new developments.

Blue Flag, with the quality standards required of an international environmental award given to

beaches and marinas, which are clean well maintained, equipped, safe, civilized, and therefore,

the symbol of a sustainable environment.

How the beach is among the most important aspects of the tourist needs to spend a good

holiday during the summer period, this should happen in the best conditions. This was

implemented by providing as Blue Flag and Blue Flag beach is considered to be of superior

42

quality, it must meet some

criteria laid:

To receive a Blue

Flag beach must meet

several criteria:27

• sea water is clean, clear

and free of toxic algae,

• be quality sand,

• beach will always be

clean,

• sea water is not polluted, to be suitable for bathing in the sea,

• have an adequate number of lifeguards,

• algae or other vegetation should not be on the beach unless you are part of the natural

ecosystem,

• have first-aid,

• have points where tourists can buy their drinking water,

• points have toilets, including disabled people,

• make access to safe places and activities carried out by the beach to happen in conditions of

safety for tourists,

• the sea should not be affected by sewage leaks or spills of substances,

• marine ecosystems need to benefit from rehabilitation and preservation programs,

• to host at least five environmental activities,

All the beaches of Antalya and from Turkish Riviera region include the Blue Flag, which

gives the tourists the certainty that the water is always clean and unpolluted checked at high

standards, which offers for tourists an absolute trust.

Table 1. Number of Blue Falgs in Turkey/Source www.antalya-gov.tr/

As can be seen in Figure 1, the number of beaches and ports in Turkey that have obtained the

Blue Flag has grow considerably from 2004 until 2009, because each year assesses water

beaches and ports. This certifies that the beaches and ports in Turkey have announced an

assessment and increasingly get more Blue Flag beaches.

27 mayibayrak. Turkish word- is means Blue Flag. www.mavibayrak.org.tr

43

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

151174

192

235258

286

12 12 14 14 14 14

Number of Blue Flags in Turkey trough years 2004-2009

Beaches Marinas

Table.2 Numbers of Blue Flags

www.antalya.gov.

As can be seen in Figure 2,

Turkey ranks the 4th in terms

of water quality in the area

beaches. Spain ranks number 1 in Europe, which also holds the record with the most Blue Flag

beaches have earned a total of 486, followed by beaches of Greece, about 425 Blue Flag.

beaches, after that follow France on 3rd place, which has about 288 certified Blue Flag

beaches, Turkey is having 4th place in Europe has 286 certified Blue Flag beaches, most of

which are located in the Mediterranean.

2.2 RESORTS

ANTALYA RESORT Antalya, is the principal holiday resort in the Mediterranean region,as well is he heart off

Turkish Riviera, is an attractive city with shady palm-lined boulevards, a prize-winning marina

on the Mediterranean.

A lovely navy makes its presence felt in making the Mediterranean Antalya resorts to be

different from the rest. Antalya is a beautiful area of Turkey as the more beautiful by putting

more emphasis here is on natural beauty than on the artificial.

Alanya is one of the most visited and popular tourist resorts of the Mediterranean Sea, which is

visited each year by millions of tourists from around the world. The resort can accommodate

over 150,000 visitors at a time, with a well developed tourism infrastructure also the tourism is

the most important industry in this region and the resort is located in the famous tourist area,

44

Span

ishGree

ceFra

nceTu

rkey

Italy

Portugal

Danem

arkCroati

aIrla

nd

Engla

ndCyp

rus

Holland

Other countrie

sTo

tal

486 425 288 286 227 226 218 115 75 71 53 41 118

2696

Numbers of Blue Flags in 2009 in E.U

Beaches

Antalya.Antalya is also one of those unique places in the world where it is possible in the same

day, to Ski on Snow in the Morning and Sunbath on the Beach in the afternoon.

Offers of accommodation in Antalya are very diverse, resort hotels and hostels accommodating

both small and large hotels, which have hundreds of rooms. The offer is varied and in terms of

quality hotels and services, is the most popular five star hotels and offers a choice of an all-

inclusive stay. Hotel rooms are generally well equipped and maintained, and some hotels offer

tours and other opportunities for fun and relaxation, including, indoor or outdoor pool, jacuzzi,

sauna, sports, fitness, playground for children and many other.

Antalya resort has three beaches are always assailed by local and foreign visitors

frequently, Konyaalti beach, located at 3km west of town, Lara beach which is located at 12 km

east of Antalya and near Lara beach is the Duden beach which stream meets the Mediterranean

at the Duden Fall.

Konyaalti beach is a long wide bay stretching out west of the city centre along the shoreline of

Gulf of Antalya. The length of the beach is 1.5 km and it has mixture of sand and small

rocks,with a 7 km long sand and shingle shore public beach. The whole section is actually split

into 12 differently named pebble beach areas, each with its own access, cafés and activities,

which range from water sports to beach volleyball and soccer, as well as several very

glamorous hotels. It is the most crowded place of Antalya which accomodates some multiples

of its own population during daytime in summer.

This is where locals come for their evening stroll, the main tourist hotel strip on the far side of

the town.About 11km of the beach in west are Büyük Calticak and Kuçuk Calticak, while

places such as Phaselis, with its magical mix

of pine forests, ancient city and golden sand,

or Belek's beach white sand beaches are

within easy day-trip distance, the area

including the barn owl, a hundred species of

bird can be seen in the region, also its one of

te rare places on the Mediterranean where

turtles lay ther eggs.

Lara Beach located in the city of

Antalya, Turkey, Lara is receiving more

hotels from five to seven stars, many of which are placed in the Kundu. Lara/Kundu is a tourist

area in Turkey on the Mediterranean Sea, consisting of Lara district and suburb Kundu. Lara

has become popular for its crystal clear water just 10 years ago and developed very fast with

45

tourism. In this area many hotels were built in 10 years. Today, Lara region is one of the most

popular touristic areas in Turkey with fascinating sandy beach and crystal clear water

Tourists from this resort have a connection to lovely landscape in the west of the

beach they can visit the Lower Duden Waterfall, a stripe of land which pulls out to the Gulf of

Antalya. All through the past years, tourists have learned that vacationing in Lara Beach always

means keeping promises of trendy beaches, natural splendors and classy accommodation, and

so, it wouldn't be wrong of you to expect the superlative of Turkey's Riviera.

Lara Beach, has 11 units beach units, four food and beverage unit, four tea house, a disco, two

football fields, an amusement park, outdoor exhibition areas; many-many children's

playground, a bar & club and beach volley fields, beach soccer, activity areas, pergola, and

reaction areas; water sports, skating, jogging and bicycle-parking is free areas of change. The

resort is recommended that tourists love claims and social life.

In all tourist and hotel infrastructure, younger customers are not forgotten them, on the

contrary, they can enjoy the many worlds in miniature, where have all the necessary to play and

feel better. Water slides, mini-pools, playground, animation and mini-disco in the resort of

Antalya which makes it one of the most famous.

Many hotels have a piece of private beach and are equipped with pool, gardens and

entertainment areas, offering a unique taste and atmosphere, as well as the resort is harmful are

the Turkish Riviera resort of Lara is currently in the system all inclusive holidays .

Much of the hotels here, copies of some well known places around the world, brings name and

fame of Lara 'Turkish Vegas' most famous being, Lara Beach is one of the longest golden

brown beaches of Turkey.

All hotels in Antalya resort are renowned for their services with high quality and also the

numbers are few hotels which are under 3 stars, all starts start from 4 stars, the most present are

those of 5 stars, in present are more 209 hotel in this resort.The most famous resort hotels in

Antalya are: Hotel Royal Wings5* -Lara, Hotel Hillside Su5*-Lara,Hotel Lara Beach5*-Lara

,Hotel Sakip Sabanci Bulvari 5*, Hotel Crowne Plaza5*- Konyaaltı, Hotel Larespark Deluxe5*

-Lara, Hotel Grand Adonis5* -Lara,Hotel Kervansaray Lara Convention-Lara, Delphin Palace

Deluxe Collection 5*, Hotel Resort Dedeman - Lara 5*, Hotel Melas Lara-Lara 5* , Hotel

Falez - Konyaalti , Hotel Ozkaymak Falez- 5*, Hotel Barut Lara Resort-Lara 5*, Club Sera

Hotel5* - Lara, Titanic De Luxe Beach Resort 5*- Lara, Hotel Rose Resort 4*.

46

Hotel Titanic Deluxe Beach-Lara Beach/Source:antalyabeachresort.com

Hotel Ozkaymak Falez-Antalya Resort 2010/Source: antalyabeachresort.com

2.2.1 RESORTS IN THE EASTERN TURKISH RIVIERA

BELEK RESORT

47

It is one of the best loved resorts on the Turkish Riviera, located 40 km east of Antalya,

is near the ancient ruins of Aspendos Theater. Belek is a purpose of increasing its search for its

sandy beaches, luxury hotels as 5 stars and golf clubs, as well.

With over 300 days of sunshine each year and temperatures that rarely drop below 10 C, this

sheltered corner of Mediterranean coast was chose in the mid 1980 as the site of a new, purpose

planned resort. Recently it was chosen by the Ministry Of Culture and Tourism to be a tourism

model not just for today's tourist, but also for the tourist of the next thousand years.

It has been a huge success, and Belek has quickly gained a reputation in the marketplace as

great all-year-active resort.

This as new concept of Turkish Tourism, huge 4 and 5 star hotel complexes offering full

board or all-inclusive packages, with a high level of service and a whole range of activities. All

of the facilities that have been designated first-class provide an ideal atmosphere for families

and meticulously offer many opportunities and services aimed at pleasing their guests. All the

facilities offer floodlit tennis courts, indoor and outdoor swimming pools, completely equipped

health and fitness centers, play areas and many more possibilities. Belek hoteliers are proud

that Belek is the new face of Turkish tourism.

The beach in Belek is sundy ,en specially suitable for families and for swimming, ranks of

sundbeds and umbrellas streach as far as the eye can see, and there are watersports operators in

the front of each of the big hotels in Belek’s seafront.

Belek also serves professional and amateur sport teams with its 50 football grounds

and more than 200 tennis courts. Belek hotels have a righteous reputation in congress tourism

with a lot of halls providing simultaneous translation service and hosted international meetings,

healthcare and beauty tourism are given cognizance in Belek Hotels, as well. There are many

Thallasso28 centers, healthcare facilities, and beauty centers in Belek.

The sporting facilities attract the main Turkish football teams, Galatasaray and Fenerbahce, for

pre-season training, along with an increasing number of European teams including Sparta

Moscow.

As well ,Belek is an important space sheltering natural life characteristics of Mediterranean

Region, botanical researches have shown that there are 574 plant species in Belek and 29 of

them are endemic species existing in Turkey only,  1 relic endemic Serik Pear29 (Pyrus

28Thalassotherapy (from the Greek word thalassa, meaning "sea),is a treatment center in a medically supervised aiming to get in shape especially after health problems. The spa uses different resources from the sea for this purpose: bath and massage of seaweed, sea water pool, water aerobics, water spray of the sea.29 Serik Pear( Pyrus serikensis) is a species of plant in the Rosaceae family, it is endemic to Turkey. Güner, A. & Zielinski, J. 1998. Pyrus serikensis. Red List of Threatened Species. 23 August 2007.

48

serikensis), this one is the regional endemic unique to Belek.  Researches show that Belek hosts

more than 38 mammalian30 species, more than 109 birds, this figure is ¼ of the bird species of

Turkey, more than 30 reptilians, and 51 invertebrates, what makes Belek important in respect

of natural characteristic is that it is "the Breeding Ground of Sea Turtle’’

Beaches in the region are important nesting areas for the sea tortoises (Caretta caretta). Betuyab

has received counseling service from Hacettepe University in 1999 and a protection-usage

project has been started with the aim of being an international model with the name of "Belek

Sea Tortoises 1999, 2000 and 2001" in the coastal line of about 30 km. As of year 2000,

Turkish Republic Ministry of Environment official research project tender has been awarded to

Betuyab.

Belek resort has a total of approximately 71 luxury hotels, among the most famous

remember:Hotel Barcelo Tat Beach Golf Resort 5*, Hotel Vera Club Mare 5*, Hotel Alva

Donna Exclusive 5*, Hotel Limak Arcadia Golf & Sport Resort 5*, Hotel Iberostar Bellis 5*,

Hotel Limak Atlantis Resort 5*,Hotel Altis Resort 5*,Hotel Gloria Serenity Resort 5*,Hotel

Sensimar Belek Resort & Spa 5*,Hotel Adora Golf Resort 5*.

Adam and Eva Hotel, -Belek Resort/Source:antalyaresortbeach.com

SIDE RESORT

30 Mammals (formally Mammalia /məˈmeɪli.ə/) are members of a class of air-breathing vertebrate animals characterized by the possession of hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands functional in mothers with young.. The mammalian brain, with its characteristic neocortex, regulates endothermic and circulatory systems, including a four-chambered heart. Mammals range in size from the 30–40 millimetre (1- to 1.5-inch) Bumblebee Bat to the 33-metre (108-foot) Blue Whale.

49

Sitting on a peninsular, 65 km east of Antalya, surrounded by blue waters of the

Mediterranean, Side is a popular family beach resort that has grown up beside the atmosphere

remains of an ancient Roman city. Side is the meeting place of authenticity with modernity, for

the most luxurious hotels in Side standeth at ease with archaeological sites. As well, Side has

aptly prospered as one of the most popular resorts for holiday visitors from across the globe.

Here, concealed behind the various touristic establishments, stands the harbour baths, which

played such a very important role in the life of the ancient Sidetans.

Side combines evertyhing that is good about holiday in Turkey, with some great

ancient history that is not too overwhelming, good beaches and cheeky banter from the

shopkeepers, who sell the whole range of Turkish souvenirs. Modern Side’s reason d’être are

its excellent beaches which stretch away to the east and west of town.

The resort of Side is flanked by two beaches - to the west, between Sidi and Colak, beaches

totaling 30 km in length also there was also the principal of the resort hotel complex, and the

eastern beach is quiet and continues until the island Manavgat River.

There are also small beaches in town on the south side of the peninsula known as KÜÇÜK

PLAJ 31which is ideal for families with small children, though inevitably it gets pretty packed

in season. Some 3 km to the east at Sorgun there is a stretch of public beach which it’s served

by dolmuș from Manvgat. In the other direction is Kumkoy has larger hotel developments,

restaurants and beach clubs.

In west of the town is a long, slender beach reaching for several kilometers around the bay, and

in this is where he hotels and apartments were built in the 1970 and 1980. The eastern beaches

are wider and until the 1990 were totally unspoilt. Several larger hotel complexes offering

generally more up market accommodation have recently been built.

Despite the effects of package tourism, which have pushed up of the prices of accommodation

and food , Side remains a very attractive resort, especially in months of July and August.

Side Resort hold over 70 hotels from 3 to 5 stars, which combines the modern with the past,

where are surrounded by ruins, restaurants and bars, and the beach is never more than a few

minutes walk. Some of the hotels that can be found here: Hotel Golden Beach Club 4*, Hotel

Seamelia Beach Resort & Spa 5*, Hotel Club Voyage Sorgun Select 5*, Hotel Sunstar 4*,Alba

Resort Hotel,5*.

ALANYA RESORT

31 KÜÇÜK PLAJ tr.-in English its mean the children beach.

50

Alanya is a resort in southern Turkey and is one of the Mediterranean coast’s

major resort in Antalya region ,also is famous throughout Europe for its blue waters, warm and

sunny weather and beautiful beaches, a few kilometers long with fine sand. Some of the

beaches in Alanya are obtained over time and the Blue Flag, which certifies their quality.

Increasingly more tourists choose a holiday in Alanya. Currently the resort receives nearly 10%

of foreign tourists who visit Turkey, Alanya with 160 000 beds. Infrastructure and services

offered to tourists is in continuous improvement.Increasingly more tourists from around the

world choose a holiday in Alanya, attracted by good weather, blue sea, fine sand beaches and

services, as well as reasonable prices in this region.

Alanya’s beaches are impressive and very populars , the west beaches, the east

beaches and Cleopatra.

Cleopatra beach,situated on the westen side of town, sits in the shodow of the citadel and

is the smallest of the town beaches. Extending to the peninsula and the beach of large stones is

called Cleopatra little dark. According to legend, during her expedition out from Egypt the

Queen Cleopatra went to Alanya on the Mediterranean Sea, and have suffered and entered into

in the bay and dead and from then the beach is named. Now arrived to be the most popular

beach in Alanya, were welcomes thousands of people in the summer month.

Keykubat beach is situated in the east of the peninsula, about 3 kilometers long, starting

in front of city hall,and her water have the Blue Flag which mean is very clean, the beach have

golden sand, and somethere are some parts of the sand rock. The area also has the green areas

of parks and tourism facilities along the coastal beach also known as Bengonvil.

Here are all kinds of water sports can be made on the shore businesse,the entry are free, beach

services are fee-paying. As well here can be find the deck chairs, beach umbrella of services

such as kiosks located about 50 meters can be installed. Tourist facilities are open to guests

from outside the restaurants ,cafeterias, bars.

Orange beach or Oba, situated 1 km on the east coast of the city center, near the Oba

River estuary which have continuation of Keykubat Beach. The beach has some portion where

have 100 meters wide sandy. This beach has many facilities for tourists, beach hotels, various

water sports; cool sweet tea into the water entered the estuary areas, etc.

Ulaș Beach Road is situated at the edge of the road five miles west of Alanya.The beach

is well positioned with sand, placed in a rocky area and behind the image they see the old

castle. As well, the beach is visited by many tourists for the floral decorations that this beach

have. The transportation for between beaches is provided with regular bus service to the city

center.

51

Incekum Beach, which is situated 25 km west of Alanya , with golden yellow color of the

extraordinary fineness of sand, which sticking to the body. For this reason, the area was called

Incekum. The seawater has a very large depth, here there is more an ideal place for families

with children, the beach also has many shops, cafes and restaurants along the beach and hotels

are also close to the beach. Near the beach is a small forest which is called Incekum Forest, but

find very admired by tourists which is visiting them day by day, where here are organizing the

picnics.

Mahmutlar Beach, about 20 miles east of Alanya, which have five kilometers of the coast

is a part of the natural beach. Mahmutlar beach is full of nice shopping centers, services of the

deck chairs and umbrella, service which is provided from buffets restaurants and cafes located

on the coast in the tourist hotels. It’s famous sandy beach, which give waters sports activities,

bar actions and beach comfort services. Mahmutlar was well-planned and has a European

standard on the infrastructure.

2.2.2 RESORTS IN THE WESTERN TURKISH RIVIERA.

KEMER RESORT

Kemer is on the Gulf of Antalya, 53 km of sea coast with the skirts of the western Taurus

mountains behind also is one of the earliest government-approved, and therefore carefully

planned, tourist developments to have sprung up along the Turkish coast since late 1890.This

narrow corridor of the land southwest of Antalya had never a large natural population, but was

ripe for tourist development. A great beach, pristine waters and a magnificent backdrop of pine

clad rocky peaks were the idyllic natural stage on which to build a resort. The resort itself,

however, is not one of the most picturesque places, lots of functional white painted concrete,

but what Kemer lacks in charm it makes up for facilities, including an up-market marina that

attract a wealthy international clientele.

Gulf beaches and lush Kemer make one of the most popular resorts on the Turkish

Riviera. Symphony of colors that form in water Kemer area welcomes the bright blue

Mediterranean Sea and together with green tones of pine forest and with the traditional white of

the houses, everything creates an indescribable paradise resort. The main attraction is the

52

natural beauty of the area where the sea and sunny beaches, forests and mountains blend

harmoniously.

Everthing for a fun beach holydays is here, plus classy shopping although the night live is

a little more laid back tan further east along the coast. Over time, development has expanded

along the coast with other small resorts. Kemer is composed of nine ministration arranged

along the coast over a distance of 52 km. There are Beldibi, Goynuk, Kiris, Camyuva,

Tekirova, Arslanbucak, Kuzdere, Beycik and Cirali.

Starting from the neighborhood Beldibi to Tekirova is completely natural with all the coastal

beach. Indented coast has many bays and small natural harbors also the port provides facilities

for water sports. Kemer marina is one of the first modern marinas along the Turkish coast,

with berth for 300 yacht and others. There are some fantastic and extremely expensive craft

here it’s the perfect place for enjoy the maritime atmosphere and watch the activities of the

crews and clients.

Kemer's setting, however, is incredibly fascinating and beautiful, and it supposedly had its

origins as a Lycian settlement. Many hotels in Kemer offer their own activities and

entertainments for guests, and several have private beach access.The principals hotels there are

Hotel Rixos Sungate – 5*, Hotel Rixos Sungate –5*, Avantgarde Vogue Hotel –5*, Limak

Limra - 5*, Kemer Reach Hotel - 4*, Alatimya Village –5*, Asdem park – 4*, Greenwood

Resort – 5*,etc.

OLYMPUS

Olympus resort have a beautiful 3.5 km secluded beach named Cirali, as well as being a

protected area by the WWF32 for the nesting of Caretta, also known as loggerhead sea turtles.

The beach is surrounded by rocks, river beds flowing from the cool sea and the fine-grained

sand covered with a slight pebbly beach.To arrive to the beach, nide to pass through the tomb

of King Zeus, the ancient theater and Roman baths tobrings to the ruins.

Antalya Kemer ÇIRALI connected to the town, "sun, sea and natural beauty of the" historical

richness as well as to attract people. South end of the ancient city of Olympos, in north-west

Yanartaş (Chimera) are available. Cirali is a village near to Olimpus an recently the village

was served by a very poor road, with the result that so far there has been very little touristic

developemnt and Cirali remains a very charming villlage with almost all of its original ,

32 The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an international non-governmental organization working on issues regarding the conservation, research and restoration of the environment, formerly named the World Wildlife Fund, which remains its official name in Canada and the United States.

53

authentic character intact. In present in the and around of Cirali beach are only restaurants and

cafes on the beach. Regarding the accommodation system is composed of hotel 1-3 star hotels,

situated in a rural area and and all are built in traditional style,where

combines beach with village life: Porto Ceneviz Hotel 1*, Hotel Melisa 1*, Akdeniz Bahcesi

Hotel 1 *, Anatolia Hotel 2*, Hotel Villa Monte 3*, Kibala Hotel 3*, Blue Paradis Hotel 3*,

etc.

FINIKE RESORT

Finike is a district on the Mediterranean coast of Antalya Province of Turkey, 90 minutes

west of the city of Antalya and Finike is a wonderful destination of the Turkish Riviera, with

sandy beaches and cliffs that rise from the water seaworthy turquoise sea. Oranges are very

symbol of Finike, because is lined with the world famous orange trees that guide the way to this

charming little fishing port.Finike is one of the best equipped ports for yachts and a small fleet

of boats for fishing.

The coast is famous for its abundance of sea-life from swordfish to sea bass, sea turtles and

even the odd Mediterranean monk seal. Finike has a long pebble beach close to the town, but

great sandy expanses of beach are reachable quickly up and down the coast from Finike by

local transport. Accommodation in Finike system is developed as in Cirali, where there are

luxury hotels up to 4 stars: Presa di Finica Hotel & Suites 4*, , Hotel: Carols makadi Resort 4*,

Hotel: Arikandos 4*, Hotel: L'Orangeraie 3*, Hotel: Simsek 2*, etc

KEKOVA

Kekova, also named Caravola and is a small Turkish island near Kaş (ancient Antiphellos)

district of Antalya province which faces the villages of Kalekoy. Kekova has one most

beautiful and most attractive beach named Kaputas Beach and is located between the towns of

Kas and Kalkan. 20 km from Kas., 7 km from Kalkan.The beach which is a mixture of sand

and gravel with a sandy beach is a beach that offers all the colors of the Mediterranean.

54

This beautiful beach is a narrow valley between the forest and private vehicles or by bus and

transportation are provided.Unspoiled natural beauty of the scenery with a beautiful beach with

many visitors attracted to him. Acces to beach is throught down stairs at the beach separated

from the main road bridge there is an interesting and noteworthy

Kaputas Beach in Kekova/Source:antalyareservasyon.com

PHASELIS BEACH

As seen the coast, Phaselis beach is not very large has fine sand identified with the Blue Flag

water and surrounded by forest, there are still deasemea indicated areas for picnics. The

historical site which is very close to the beach.

Geographical position indicates that the city has three major ports. One is north of the

peninsula, and one in the northeast, and the third in south-west coast and bays

very deep.

2.3 Mountain Tourism in Turkish Riviera

With the development of tourism in recent decades and its transformation into a mass

movement, the mountain has become more cautions investors and promoters of this tourism,

just because of the many conditions they offer to do business with beneficial results. The

effects of mountain tourism development in economic and social, although sometimes hard to

quantify, are rated as very important.

55

Development of mountain tourism supply conditioning also increased demand. This was done

basically in two ways: by expanding around the initial site and building a large number of other

mountain resorts, as models similare.33

Turkish Riviera is one of the few places in the world were can sky and also in the same

time to make beach into Mediterene Sea.

The Mediterranean coast of Turkey, where the Taurus mountain range sweeps down to meet

the sea, broadly divides into three parts. The stretch from Antalya to Alanya is most accessible,

wih the looming presence of Taurus range separated from the sea by a fairly broad costal strip.

Once beautiful, intensive agriculture, particularly cotton growing and package tourism have

taken an enormous toll on the environment here. Est of Alanya, the mountains meet the sea

head-on, making for some of Turkey’s most rugged stretches of coastline, where hairpin bends

and mountain roads can make travel an agonizingly slow process.

Further east the mountains finally recede, giving way to the flat, monotonous landscape of the

Ceyhan river delta, made even drearier by relentless urban and industrial sprawl. A special

beauty is represents the Bey Mountain, which is part of the western extension of the Taurus

Mountains in the north and extending south west of Antalya Gulf. These mountains with

geographical and geological interesting formations, and which are formed in layers of

limestone, offers a magnificent landscape with their peaks reaching from 2000-3000 m altitude

and with a good physical structure for practicing extreme sports.The beauty of mountains is

restored by their clothing with forests of hornbeam, ash, oak, fir, cedar (Sedrus libani), juniper

(Juniperus oxycedrus),and are continuing their cooperation, in one region of conifers

(caniferos), all the vegetation that protects the trees,reflects the typical structure of this

region.Kizlar Sivrice is another important peak in the region of Antalya, with an altitude of

over, 3000 meters, to have access to these mountains, is necessary to reach the plateau

Camcukuru first time, the landscape is fascinating in this area, which offers for visitors

unforgettable scenery of Antalya and the Mediterranean from these mountains.Other major

peaks of the Taurus Mountains are Tahtali, Bakir and Teke, an important aspect found in this

area of the Turkish Riviera, near these peaks is the mountain resort Saklikent that is very

important tourist region.

33 D. Debarbieux, Tourisme et montagne, Publishing Economica, Paris, 1995, pag. 47.

56

Sakliken is a modern montan resort, which boasts a very short distance from Antalya,

about 50 km north-west of the center, that the Mediterranean Sea. Being situated at the foot of

Taurus Mountains ski this resort offers guests the opportunity to practice a variety of winter

sports. Sakliken Mountain resort season begins in November and ends in April, with around

120 days of skiing for tourists, they also can enjoy an average thickness of the snow, between

100 and 230 cm, and the average temperature rarely falls below -5 degrees Celsius. Between

2005,

Saklikent Antalya:

Source:http://www.kayakmerkezleri.info.tr

and 2006 has opened in Saklikent 240 beds for tourists, reaching up to 500 mountain vacation

homes.

All types of accommodation houses are all in the turkish style, and offer all kind of facilities

such as turkish bath, sauna, swimming pool, rooms with all modern utilities. Also the resort is

equipped with all sports equipment, skis, snowboards, montain bike, and also to teach ski

lessons at Ski Resort School.

Due to the natural landscape can practice hiking, horseback riding, hunting, sports such as

football and is an ideal refuge from the heat of the Turkish Riviera.

57

2.4 SPORTIV TOURISM IN TURKISH RIVIERA-GOLF

With the creation of a large number of golf courses, meet the highest international

standards and have emerged successively during the last years, Turkey has become a global

center for the sport, while combining hospitality , quality and prestige. Becoming the most

famous golfers in the world, owing ,in particular the field course which was built near Belek, it

allows the organization of tournaments in the world, Turkey was voted as the best European

golf destination in 2008 by IAGTO.34 The first tour in 2010 called Challenge Tour, males golf

professional circuit took place in Turkey, with over 22 countries, also in 2012, will be held in

Belek by the World Golf Championship, Olympic sports.

The presence of large space, the temperate climate of Mediterranean end Aegean coasts,

enabling the practice of golf throughout the year, is a great potential for tourism which

regarding this sport.

Belek region, located twenty miles east of Antalya, is somewhat heart of golf in Turkey, with many

units course. Possessing a large number of parks, golf courses, which respond with very severe

34 IAGTO-( International Association of Golf Tour Operators) is the global trade organisation for the golf tourism industry. Established in 1997, IAGTO's membership comprises 1594 accredited golf tour operators, golf resorts, hotels, golf courses, receptive operators, airlines, tourist boards, approved media and business partners in 85 countries including, at its core, 374 specialist golf tour operators in 52 countries. It is estimated that IAGTO’s operators control over 80% of golf holiday packages sold worldwide outside of Asia and turnover more than €1 billion per year./Source: http://www.iagto.com/

58

international standards further,

Belek, is presented with an

exceptional natural setting, which

is the symbiosis between forest and

sea and the serenity of this sport

Source: www.belektourismcenter.org

Golf is a precision club-and-ball sport, in which competing players (golfers), using many types

of clubs, attempt to hit balls into each hole on a golf course while

Source: www.belektourismcenter.org

employing the fewest number of strokes. Golf is one of the few ball games that does not require

a standardized playing area. Instead, the game is played on golf "courses", each of which

features a unique design, although courses typically consist of either nine or 18 holes. Golf is

defined, in the rules of golf, as "playing a ball with a club from the teeing ground into the hole

by a stroke or successive strokes in accordance with the Rules." Golf competition is generally

played for the lowest number of strokes by an individual, known simply as stroke play, or the

lowest score on the most individual holes during a complete round by an individual or team,

known as match play.

In planing the course, the architecs took into special account the wishes and expectations of

Europen golfers. The perfect sight of the golf courses present the wonderful panorama and

landscape of the neighborhood while providing the golf players with terrifie golf pleasure and

struggle.Some annex fields are being planned for the development of the golf facilities. There

are daily, even hourly tours from all resorts and holiday villages at the neighborhood to the golf

field and bookings are available via these tours and clubs.

Besides the beauty of buildings and history that makes his presence in Belek, were are

constructed many gofl courses, being famous and visited by many international tourists, where

they can meet in an environment at quality and prestige. Most golf courses are located in this

resort and have all the necessary means of accommodation, in terms of entertainment and

accommodation. These lands offer the tourists a dream natural environment, they are:

Antalya Golf Club - PGA Sultan Golf Course designed by the architects of the European

Golf Design, which is undoubtedly one of the best global company to providing an impeccable

design. The Sultan Golf Course is located in Belek resort, opened in September 2003 , quickly

became very famous, having a length of 6477 meters and 775 000 m area and is one of the

favorite places for golfers. David Jones and entrepreneurs have not brought any restrictions on

59

land development and have managed to obtain a complete harmony with the surrounding forest

land.

Pasha Golf Course, located in Belek with72 shots, an area of 550,000 meters and 5731

meters in length and various combinations of courses, with course Pasha is capable to test the

skills of high and low handicappers alike with a combination of different challenges. Tricky

dog legs, cleverly placed bunkers and undulating greens will ensure that the more experienced

golfer must think over each shot carefully. The shorter length coupled with generous fairways

will not unfairly punish the higher handicapper for any wayward shots. Towering umbrella

pines, crystal clear lakes and the snow capped Taurus Mountains provide a spectacular

backdrop to the course as it winds it's way through the forests of Belek.

Golf Academy, offers courses consisting of a team of experienced teachers who offer

lessons and educational programs tailored for each individual, teaching all levels of golfers,

whether beginners or advanced. The land is fully equipped practice, assisted by the permanent

information system.

Cary Golf Club, first and only golf course in Turkey which was arranged in a fairy of

shrubs and brambles, Cary Golf Club is located in the Turkish Riviera, Belek tourist area.

Built in a sandy area, surrounded by pine and eucalyptus, this area is equipped with 18 holes

and is very famous among international golfers. Golf Course was designed by architect Peter

Thomson, who was nominated with many trophies. The land is held on a length of 7 km, and

72 acres are landscaped with shrubs, where golf enthusiasts can apply new strategies.

Possessing a classical structure and traditional land was inaugurated in March 2008, with a type

of grass with obstacles, Tifway 419 Bermuda 35 and tees.

Cornelia Golf Club, designed by Nick Faldo, a famous global player, Cornelia Golf Club

is located near the city Iskele near Belek, at 45 km from downtown Antalya and 35 km from

the airport. With a total of 27 holes, the field consists of three passes with nine holes each

containing links between them as required by International standards. Being in the middle of a

pine forest in a landscape with a lake basin area of 90,000, the land has a Club House, which

can deliver a high quality work and comfort. With a different style and impeccable quality

Cornelia Golf Club gathers a community of professional’s golfers, this club has become a

favorite destination especially for British amateur.

35 Tifway 419 Bermuda is a very dense and fine textured hybrid bermuda grass. It is low growing and spreads rapidly. Its density, fine texture and soft blades provide a soft cushion in which to walk and play. Although not required, for those willing to devote extra time in maintenance, Tifway 419 will provide an extremely high quality turfgrass. Easton Sod Farms now has Certified Tifway 419 available. Recommended for residential and commercial landscapes, golf courses, parks and athletic fields.

60

Gloria Golf Club, have four separate golf courses, which were constructed with obstacles

and difficulties for the sport, also the terrain that has three horses running, which have the

signature by architect Michael Gayon. The land was arranged and incorporates with 4 large

lakes and 67 bunkers36 to create a better way for the players. The starting tees were built on two

axes of progression, for which the player must perform two runs with nine holes completely

different from one another. This site started in December 2004 with an area of 700.000m.

Lykia Links Golf Antalya,possessing the characteristic of being one of the 300 golf

courses in the world that have been build at the sea level, golf Likya Links Club, was built by

famous architect Perry Dye which is a true legend in golf terms .

Built in a sandy area just by the sea, the land has 18 holes, and covers an area of 80

hectares alongside the sea it

allows players to taste the

pleasure of golf in a pleasant

way. This site also has a

large hotel that is the true

center of relaxation.

The Montgomerie

Papillon Golf Club, is

located at 40 km away from

downtown Antalya and 35

km from the airport area, in

Belek region, possesses a

field with 18 holes and

covers an area of forest with steep and having 104 ha ,the main feature consists in that it has

developed into natural framework, surroundings

NationalGol Club/

Source:www.kaliteliresimler.com

land stretches over a length of 6420 m. This Golf Club was officially opened in September

2008 and is equipped with all the International requirements.

National Golf Club, Belek region is located in, under The Mediterranean cost, at 25 km

east from the airport and 40 km from Antalya and is the oldest club from this region. The club

36 Bunker-at strategic places along the preferred line to the hole and guarding the putting green are obstacles called bunkers, depressions filled with sand (sand traps). Some holes require the player to cross streams or ponds. Both bunkers and bodies of water are termed hazards.

61

is built in english style, which gives a sense of calm, is ranked among the best 39

championships europeenan granted by Golf Digest, which has awarded the best golf course in

the Mediterranean region. Union to respect national Golf Club has received an award in 1996

and 1997 Senior PGA tournament in the European Female Tournament.

Sueno Hotels Golf Belek, located 25 minutes from Antalya airport, the land covers an area of

1472 ha. Holds two 18-

hole championship runs

and was built by PGA

DC37. Golf Club offers his

guests a natural view of

the frame. It was

inaugurated on April 2007

and has places for disabled

people; the land is

cultivated with the highest

quality lawn and tourists

and also offers golf lessons.

Table 3.Source of statistic date : www.belektourismcentre.org/statistic

Because of a good quality of golf courses and internationally famous, they have become

increasingly in demand by tourists who practice this sport in the Turkish Riviera, Belek area in

particular, which saw many tourists during this year ( 2011). Belek gathered to date from

January until April 2011 is around 483,536 as thousands of tourists can be seen in Figure 3.

Gloria Club, in March gathered 15 811 thousand visitors and raised a total of 44 278 thousand

visitors made it the most sought after club in Belek region. Another, Antalya Golf Club is

renowned club, where in March registered, about 12,549 thousands of tourists and a total of 35

047 thousand tourists, suggests that this club is very popular in the Turkish Riviera. The third

place has Sueno Golf Club, where he recorded a total of 34 390 thousand tourists until April,

which is to be one of the most famous clubs.

This type of tourism is concentrated in the area, Turkish Riviera is an interest for many

tourists because all services, are provided at a quality level.

37 PGADC is a professional golf course architect design company with over 350 golf related projects in 40 countries across the world. PGADC has unparalleled experience in golf course design with many PGADC golf course arhitect designs becoming tournament golf venues.

62

LYKIA GOLF

CLUB

NATIONAL G

OLF CLUB

ANTALYA

GOLF CLUB

KAYA EA

GLES GOLF

CARYA GOLF

CLUB

SUEN

O GOLF CLUB

CORNELİA GOLF

CLUB

THE M

ONTGOMERIE M

AXX ROYAL G

OLF C.

GLORIA GOLF

CLUB

NOBİLİS GOLF

CLUB

010,00020,00030,00040,000

Number of tourists in Golf Clubs -Belek 2011

JANUARYFEBR.MARCHAPRILTOTAL

CHAPTER III

III. TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE TURKISH RIVIERA

3. Tourism development in Turkish Rivera-Antalya.

Tourism, a social phenomenon in the economic ample specific modern civilization,

strongly rooted in society's life is influenced by its evolution as such. Characterized by a high

dynamism and duties because it is a state in economic development, tourism must be regarded

as a complex phenomenon involving a direct employment to meet temporary visitors travel

motivations.For some time now, tourism has played a major role in Turkey’s social and

economic development. The history of tourism development dates back to the 1930s, just after

the Republic of Turkey was established in 1923. Tourism was incorporated into government

bodies with a certain status before becoming a separate ministry in 1963. In 1934, a small

tourism office was officially founded as part of the Ministry of Economy. Due to the great

significance of tourism in the country, the Ministry of Tourism (MT) was established in 1963.

Tourism development in Turkey can be assessed in three stages: awareness (1955-1970),

advocacy (1970-1982) and action (1980 to present).

TABLE.4 Top 10 Contrys most visited tourist arrivals-Source: WTO (Worl Turism Organisation)38

Country Regional

Market

International

touristarrivals(2009)

International

touristarrivals(2008)

International

touristarrivals(2007)

International

touristarrivals(2006)

1.France Europe 74.2 million 79.2 million 80.9 million 77.9 million2.United State N.America 54.9 million 57.9 million 56.0 million 51.0 million3.Spain Europe 52.2 million 57.2 million 58.7 million 58.0 million4.China Asia 50.9 million 53.0 million 54.7 million 49.9 million

5.Italy6 Englend7.Turkey

EuropeEurope

43.2 million28.0 million

42.7 million30.1 million

43.7 million30.9 million

41.1 million30.7 million

38 WTO –is one of the most important tourim organizations, with its headquartes in Madrid, Spain. The WTO represents all national and official tourist interests and is recognized as the objective is consultative body on tourism to the United Nations.The WTO’s basic objective is the promotion and development of tourism with a view to contributing to economic development, international understanding, peace, prosperity,etc.Michael M.Coltamn.Introduction to Travel & Tourism, page76.

63

8.Germany9.Malaysia10.Mexico

EuropeEuropeAsiaN.America

25.5 million24.2 million23.6 million21.5 million

25.0 million24.9 million22.1 million22.6 million

22.2 million24.4 million21.0 million21.4 million

18.9 million23.6 million17.5 million21.4 million

Turkey’s transformation to a liberalized economy and its strong commitment to that policy

suggest that the contry hs beeb adjusting well to the globalization of the world market with well

to the globalization of the world market with well developed destinations and qualified

personnel to provide tourism services.

The number of foreign arrivals in Turkey remained stable at about one million until the

beginning of the 1980s. Since Turkey adopted an open door policy in the early 1980s, its

economic ties with the rest of the world have developed rapidly. As a result, international

tourist arrivals in Turkey have grown substantially during the last two decades. Statistics

indicate Turkey was the 19th most popular destination in 1997 in terms of tourist arrivals, up

from its positions 52nd in 1980. In 2005, Turkey became one of top ten tourism earners hosting

over 20 million foreign tourists in 2006. It is assumed that tourism will be the leading industry

in the country’s economic structure and occupy a leading place among top tourist-receiving

countries in the 21st century.

As we can see from Table 4 Turkey has kept her position in Top 10 worlds, and from

2006 until 2009 it began to represent a growing interest for more tourists. In 2008, the United

States displaced Spain from the second place. Most of the top visited countries continue to be

on the European continent, followed by a growing number of Asian countries. In 2009,

Malaysia made it into the top 10 most visited countries' list. Malaysia secured the ninth

position, just below Turkey and Germany. As are other countries, Turkey is benefiting greatly

from tourism industry. Industry provides economic contributions to the balance of payments

and aids 38 subsectors with direct and indirect employment. As a developing country, Turkey

gives high attention to tourism industry. Today tourism is the second most important source of

foreign currency earnings.

Antalya is the leading tourism province of Turkey in terms of the increase in the values of

night spending, bed capacity and the number of tourism companies.Tourism affects positively

the economic development of Antalya, not only by attracting foreign tourists, but also by

creating new tourism enterprises and institutions in the city. Between the periods of 1983-1997,

hotel and restaurant services have been the highest growth sector with 6.6 percent average

growth rate per year. After 1980, mostly due to the tourism support policies supply, which was

less than the demand, has grown rapidly and exceeded the demand. At the end of the 199O's as

a result of the increasing competition; hotel enterprises in Antalya started to apply all inclusive

64

system to increase their occupancy rates (Uner, Sokmen and Birkan 2006). They were partially

successful; however, because the increase in demand was less than the increase in supply the

success of that strategy was a short term success.

For faster development in tourism have been implemented projects to improve the service

in the most concerned sectors from Turkish Riviera region which are Antalya- Lara, Belek,

Kemer and Side have had and still have the important contributions to the development of

tourism in Antalya-Turkish Riviera.

The Belek tourism center, located in the Eastern part of the Antalya Center covering 14

km of coastal area between Aksu stream and Acısu, helped very much in support of tourism in

Turkish Riviera, constitutes more than 45 accommodation establishments and 5 golf areas in

the scope of the Belek Tourism. The existing bed capacity is more than 30,000. Belek, which is

one of the most important tourism centers of the country, has a total bed capacity of 25,347. In

2006, approximately 18.7 percent of all the foreign tourists attracted to the country have visited

Antalya-Belek.

Kemer is the leading tourism settlement with 77 land allocations for tourism

establishments. The second important tourism settlement is Side with 45 tourism

establishments on allocated land. The third important settlement is Belek with 41 tourism

establishments that have made use of land allocations, the remaining are; Central Antalya with

16 tourism establishments, eight tourism establishments in Alanya and six tourism

establishments in Kale (Demre) which have used land allocation for tourism development in

Antalya.39 .

Mass tourism development and the increase in big sized hotel investments, such as the

increase in 4 and 5 star hotels, makes it dependent on tour operators.Increasing competitive

strategies based on a weak all-inclusive concept, even in small sized hotels, has created a

situations where tourists do not (need to) enter the city centre to fulfil their travel needs.

Therefore, tourists prefer to spend all the time inside the hotel Lara-Kundu and the Belek

tourism center are also examples that show the market segmentation.The type of tourism

development in these areas is solely meant for tourists who have higher incomes; in fact, this

structure of development is implicitly decided by the central state in the tourism development

plans of this area. This development is planned to promote mass tourism but also to develop a

competitive place for tourism by supporting thematic projects (establishment of thematic

hotels) with the help of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.

39 (T.C.Turizm Bakanlığı 2000)/ Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research.

65

However, in conclusion, from the planning point of view, it can be claimed that tourism

development in general in Antalya is triggered by the integrated efforts of some players; the

tourism plan and the interventions of non-governmental tourism associations. These, on the

other hand, act under the guidance of private tourism investors in collaboration with the central

state. In this respect, it is seen that the demands of rich tourism entrepreneurs and their

associations have been over-represented compared to the representation of municipalities and

local citizens. This in turn favours the creation of socio-spatial segregation in the city and we

can say that Antalya represent in present a pole of attraction increasingly large for foreign.

3.1.Touristic function/Touristic Circulation in Turkish Riviera.

Tourism as an object of invisible transactions as a direct participant in national and

international circuit of values is the result of the activities in all three sectors of economie. The

principal indicators at the main activity not only measure, but also provide required information

policies through which the working units on tourist market may influence by their offering the

demand. The essential role of the system of characteristics indicator of hospitality industry is to

compare the potential value of tourism and flow of visitors analysis according to which the

companies providing such services that can respond by answering their value causing demand

indicators that are analyzed.

The main indicators of tourist traffic such as: the number of tourists visiting Antalya, the

number of overnight stays, reason to come in Antalya, night spends or the average length of

stay, they will show us the absolute changes and rates of decline or growth of the tourism

phenomenon. In what follows, I want to show the tourist traffic in Antalya-Turkish Riviera, and

which are the most wanted targets and the power of attraction in the area.

City Country Internationalvisitors(millions)

Year

Paris France 15.1 2010London England 14.6 2010New York City America 9.7 2010Antalya Turkey 9.2 2010Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 8.9 2010

Singapore Singapore 8.6 2010Hong Kong China 8.4 2010Bangkok Thailand 7.2 2010

66

Istanbul Turkey 6.9 2010Dubay Arbe Emirate 6.8 2009Total 95.4

Table 5. Top 10 most visited cities /estimated number of international visitors by selected year

Source: WTO

Tourism affects positively the economic development of Antalya, not only by atracting

foreign tourists, but also by creating new tourism enterprises and institutions in the city.

Between the periods of 1983-1997, hotel and restaurant services have been the highest growth

sector with 6.6 percent average growth rate per year. The development of the city can be seen

from Table 5, where important Antalya occupies a position among the world's most visited it in

2010, occupying a 4th place after France, London and New York. With a total of 9, 2 million

visitors this proves that the city has a very high degree of attraction of tourists.

Many tourists choose Turkish Riviera because they have many reasons to spend a

holiday in this area and the tourist market has grown greatly. Tourists choose to come to

Antalya in particular for:

Strengths of the Turkish Riviera

67

Antalya is the leading tourism city in Turkey in terms of foreign (8,260,399 tourists in

2009) and local tourist numbers (962,226 tourists in 2009). It is also the leading destination in

terms of foreign tourism investments consisting of 567 foreign hotels, tourism transport and

service companies this involving a very rapid development process over the years. The politic

has played, as well one role in the period of fast development, by planning policies of the

central government,development projects and land allocations were very influential and gave a

mass tourism character to the pattern of tourism development in Antalya, the mass tourism

development has had several effects on the city.

Table 6. Number of foreign visitors in Turkey and in Antalya

Source dates: Ministry of Culture and Tourists

As is can see the number of tourists has increased

significantly in Turkey, because of the strategies adopted,

which in turn brought a large number of tourists also and in

Antalya. Antalya is the tourism pole of Turkey, which is

known in worldwide.

In table 6 is can seen that from 2000 until 2005 the number

of tourists was weighted with 10,428,153 milions of

68

HospitalityRelaxation

EntertainmentHistorical sites

TurkishRiviera Sea,

Beach and Sand

All Inclusiv

Services Quality

Years Antalya Turkey

1990 808.379 5.389.308

2000 3.145.598 10.428.153

2005 6.882.246 21.124.886

2006 6.011.183 19.819.833

2007 7.291.356 23.340.911

2008 8.564.510 26.336.677

2009 8.260.399 27.077.114

tourists maximum value where just 3.145.598 in Antalya.Almost a third of Turkey''s tourists

come to Antalya, where in Turkey repectiv in Antalya from 2005 until 2009 the numbers of

tourists has incrased considerable till 27,077,114 milion of tourists of which 8,260,399 milion

in Antalya.The number of visits who choose to travel to a particular ourist destination is a

function of teir desire to travel and comparative factors that tend to reduce that desire.The

desire to travel is influenced by that person’s psychographic and socioeconomic profiles.40

3.1.1 Evolution of the indicator "number of tourists”

Table 7.Number of foreign visitors in Antalya 2006-2009

Januar

y

Febru

ary

Mar

chApril

May

June

July

August

Septem

b

Octomber

November

Decem

ber0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

7000000

8000000

9000000

Number of foreign visitors in Antalya 2006-2009

2006

2007

2008

2009

With these data is posible to see that the Turkish Riviera tourist infrastructure is very active, in

a period of four years from 2006 till 2009 the months which registred more tourists are summer

months from June until the winter months, where this periode was very populated.

From Table 7, present that most tourists which reached maximum in this destination have been

in October and November months of 2008 and also year 2009 in November and December

when then had with a total 8.260399 milion tourists the reason is because Antalya can enjoy a

mild climate and have a long season.

40 Michael M.Coltman- Introduction to travel & tourism, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, page 98.

69

Germany

RussiaHollandU.K

UkrainaFrance

AustruiaU.S.ASpain

PolandNorway

BelgiumDanemarck

KazakistanSwitzerland

Czechosl.

BelarusRomania

IranFinland.

Slovakia

IsraelMoldova Itlay

2008

Table8:Number of foreigns in 2008-Antalya

Germany

RussiaHollandU.K

Ukraina

France

AustruiaU.S.ASpainPoland

NorwayBelgium

DanemarckKazakistan

SwitzerlandCzechosl.

BelarusRomania

Iran

Finland.

Slovakia Israel Moldova Itlay2009

Table9 :Number of foreigns in 2009-Antalya

Table10 :Number of foreigns in 2010-Antalya

70

Germany40%

Russia14%

Holland7%

U.K5%

Ukraina2%

France8%

Austruia4%

U.S.A0%

Spain0%

Poland1%

Norway3%

Belgium3%

Danemarck2%

Kazakistan0%

Switzerland2%

Czechosl.1%

Belarus0%

Romania0%

Iran3%

Finland.2%

Slovakia0%

Israel1%

Moldova0%

Itlay0%

2011

Table11 :Number of foreigns in 2011-Antalya.(January-May)

As is apparent from the tables and analyzes the phenomenon of tourism can be seen that

in years was weaker in 2008 than at present (2011). Compared to all the years it can say that

most tourists are from Germany with 47% in 2008 and 2011, followed by the Russians with

10% in 2008 and by 14% this year. A slight decrease is recorded among Dutch tourists who in

2008 represented 8% and this year (2011) just 7%. This is most interested is recording by

European countries, especially those from the East of Europe, but it can be said that increased

interest and Arab countries, just this year came to Antalya 45,832 thousands of Iranians and

9734 of thousands of Israelis.This process of growth of tourist flows culminated in 2011 when

71

Germany47%

Russia9%

Holland6%

U.K6%

Ukraina2%

France6%

Austruia4%

U.S.A0%

Spain0%

Poland1%

Norway2%

Belgium3%

Danemarck2%

Kazakistan0%

Switzerland2%

Czechosl.1%

Belarus0%

Romania0%

Iran2%

Finland.1%

Slovakia0%

Israel4%

Moldova0%Itlay0%

2010

the values of "number of tourists" reached the highest odds of the interval from 1990 to 2011

where he studied shows that most tourists compared to 2009 (8,260,399 foreign tourists) and

(9,759,044 tourists in 2010) most are currently with 1,502,315 million tourists.

3.1.2 Evolution the indicator ,,number of night spend,,

Antalya is the leading tourism province of Turkey in terms of the increase in the values of

night spending, bed capacity and the number of tourism companies.Antalya has certified with

1885 total number of facilities by Ministry and the Municipality and has a total of 160.973

rooms and 346.256 beds. Dynamics of phenomen tourism namely the ,,tourism traffic,,

registered in the Turkish Riviera and can be seen through the indicator "number of nights

spent" or as it is called, "the number of visitor-days’’. Generally hotels are located in Kemer,

Belek, Lara , Alanya and Side. District of Belek has more luxurious hotels compared to other

towns in Antalya. District of Lara has many new 5 star hotels and also this region is very close

to Antalya Airport.Especially 4 and 5 star hotels in Antalya are really very capacious and in

this type of hotels there are all kind of facilities and activities such as shopping centers, discos,

restaurants, beauty centers, etc

Table 12

Numbers of night

spend/Source: Ministry of Culture and Tourists;

72

hotel 1* hotel 2* hotel 3* hotel 4* hotel 5 *0

2000000400000060000008000000

100000001200000014000000160000001800000020000000

Number of nights spend in Turkish Riviera -2010

Foreigner Tr Citizen

13.Most

desirable

type of

accomodation/Source:www.antalyaturizm.gov.tr/istatistikleri

Accommodation at Turkish Riviera is very varied from 5 star hotels until motels, as shown in

Table 13, the most accommodation appreciated by foreign tourists are hotels with 90%,

Holiday villages 80%, tourism complexes 70% and 65% boutique hotels.

Table14 Numbers of arivals, Source: www.antalyaturizm.gov.tr/istatistikleri

73

Motel

Boarding H

ouse

Holiday

villa

ge

Hotels

Camping

Golf Est

Train

ning Est.

Touris

m Complex

Mountai

n House

Spec

ial Es

t

Boutique Hotel

s

Apart H

otels

Ther

mal House

Total

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Most desirable type of accomodation/ number of arrivals -Turkish Riviera 2010

Foreigner Citizen

hotel 1* hotel 2* hotel 3* hotel 4* hotel 5*0

500000100000015000002000000250000030000003500000400000045000005000000

Foreigner 3672472

Turkish citizen 1096066

Total 4768538

Number of arrivals in Turkish Riviera 2010 in hotels

Facility Number

Number of rooms

Number of Beds

Tourism FacilitiesManagement Certificate 673 137.754 294.870.

Turizm Yatırımı Belgeli Tesisler

118 23.183 51.386

Total791 160.973 346.256

Regarding among hotels, those that have a large coverage are the 5 star hotels with 90% by

foreigners and 45% by Turkish citizens, those 4 stars hotels are occupied about 60% of foreign

tourists, and 30% of Tukish tourists and the less appreciated are the 3 stars hotels with 40% of

foreign and 10% of Turkish tourists.

Another indicator is the reason for tourists to travel to this area, it tells us why is the popular

Turkish Riviera.

Table 15 shows that a

large majority of

tourists 38% came in

Antalya for relaxation

and holliday which

represents that Turkish

Riviera, implicit

Antalya is a good

touristic destination

favorable for weather,

climate and her

potential. Another reason why tourists visit the Turkish Riviera is the fun; with (33%) this is

due to discos aroud the Mediterannian coast, for diverse restaurants and festivals that take place

throughout the year.

Business, another motive for travel, many tourists come for business, this form of tourism has

become increasingly common, and is the strongest branch of the tourism industry because there

are many hotels in this area and people have more business customers in this area

Table 15.Main Trip Purpose/Source: Source: www.antalyaturizm.gov.tr/istatistikleri

74

Holliday38%

Business21%

Health2%

Entertainment33%

Visit familly4%

Looking for relocate 2%

Main trip's purpose

hotel 1* hotel 2* hotel 3* hotel 4* hotel 5 *Foreigner 205325 414170 2903986 9410427 19007300Tr Citizen 50580 172900 526966 813890 3103805

Holliday 82,6Business 46,3Health 3,8Entertainment 72,1Visit familly 8,6Looking for relocate 3,8

Culural and architectural

Natural Heritage

ChepnessFrends Recommadation

Luxurious services

Others

Reason to travel

Table 16.Reason to travel/Source: www.antalyaturizm.gov.tr/istatistikleri

Of course, the indicator, reason to travel, is also very good because we know the intentions of

the travel and what attracted him most during the trip.As seen from the table 16 is the most

important cultural relics and archaeological, many tourists come to these sites archeological

from many years old, tourists are also attracted a great service and quality in Turkish resort of

Riviera as we see 40, 2% of tourists are attracted to luxury hotels and the services available to

them.

Natural heritage was also a reason , 10.9% chose the region because of its cheapness, and 8.8%

answered they chose Antalya because of friends’ recommendation.

3.1.3 Evolution the indicator,, average leght of stay,,

The "average length of stay ', like the previous indicators, can not miss the tourist traffic

analysis, he gives us very important information relating to the period of stationary in Antalya

as well as tourists both in units of receipt of the travel companies and information about the

power of attraction of the Turkish Riviera, in general. The "average length of stay", recorded

similar values throughout the study, only in the case of foreign tourists has increased

considerably.

hotel1* hotel2* hotel 3* hotel 4* hotel 5*Foreigner 7,7 5 5,6 5,7 5,2Tr.citizen 2,8 2,8 3 1,7 4,6Total 6,8 3,2 4,9 5,3 4,6

75

Organisaid trip

69,2

Independent 28,3No respons 2,5

hotel1* hotel2* hotel 3* hotel 4* hotel 5*0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Average Length of Stay-Turkish Riviera 2009

Foreigner Tr.citizen

Table 15 Average Lenght of Stay/ Source: www.antalyaturizm.gov.tr/istatistikleri

Regarding this indicator, the ,,average leght of your stay,, the longest period of stationary

are 1* hotels to 6.8% and then followed by 4 * hotels by 5.3% and then at the hotels 5 stars by

4.6%, the lowest length of stay had a 3,2% 2 * hotels, after the data from 2010.

3.2 Cultural Function of Turkish Riviera

Modern tourism, from its inception was a cultural phenomenon in itself, cultural tourism

can be defined as a form of tourist mobility whose primary goal is broadening the horizon of

knowledge discovery and artistic heritage of the territories in which it endows.41 This form of

tourism sent out at the notion of heritage, museums or art set, monumental art assemblies

architect or cities, and prehistoric archaeological sites.

Intangible heritage includes cultural events and celebrations, traditions and skills

creative.Imbogatirea permanent cultural attractions is stimulated by two factors-public demand

and pressure the local administration.

The world’s cultural heritage is like a puzzle, each monument; each object is

irreplaceable part of the overall picture which gives for tourits insight in our origins our

development and lives today. Antalya Turkish Riviera centre was transformed into a cultural

and tourist center due to architectural remains Byzantine and otoman style.

Table 17 Most visited historic sites/Source dates: www.kulturturizm.gov.tr/istatistiklerl

41 CI.Origent du Clezeau ,, Le tourisme cultural,, PUF , Paris -2008.

76

Antalya Cultural live is very diverse, many tourists are attracted to art that has this

potential to encounter cultural tourists from the memorial houses, ancient cities, mosques,

archaeological sites, natural parks, up to a number of festivals and Turkish customs that

enriches the cultural life of every tourist.

. Natural attraction in Turkish Riviera.

Historic cities fromTurkish Riviera are famous for their structure and that it keeps a

long history. As shown in the table 17, the phenomenon of tourism is present from the early

months of the year from January to April, compare the years 2009-2011, the historical city was

visited by 95% Aspendos, followed by 60% Perge, Myra and the old part of Antalya Kaleci. In

the current year 2011, the most visited Perge was 70%, followed by Aspendos, Myra and

Kaleci. These four historical cities represent of particular interest to tourists

because continuously since 4 years they were the most visited historical cities.

77

High PlateausWaterfalls

Natural caves

Natural ParksHunting Areas

MontainWinter sportsWater sports

Beach

aspen

dos

perge

myr

a

xanth

os

simen

a

patar

a

term

esso

s

olympos

kara

ian

phaseli

s

aryk

anda

alanya

kales

i

alanya

kizil

kule

alanya

atat

urk m

usem

side

020000400006000080000

100000120000140000160000180000200000

Most visited historic sites from Turkish Riviera

2009 2010 2011

Historical attraction in Turkish Riviera.

The basic dilemma of tourism’s cultural impact is that people at home do not want their

local culture influenced by tourists, but when they themselves become tourists they often feel it

is their right, because they have paid of a trip, to impose themselves on other cultures.42

ARTS

Art holds a crucial place in the social life of Antalya, it is distinguished by other tourist

destinations because of the many artistic activities which are reflection through cinema, theater,

ballet, and numerous paintings or art gallery.Most important is the beauty of art National Art

Gallery, Mevlevis monastery which is situated at the entrance of the complex Yivli Minare

other such centers, Art Gallery, which holds a large exhibition of art with its large rooms is a

true center for tourists welcome the beauty of art in painting and sculpture.

Other institurti art turstic are organized for the public, are the Art Gallery and Museum in

Antalya, Art Gallery, Cultural Center of Antalya and Tomer Art Gallery.

EBRU ART, is the art of drawing the water, are drawing this sense made being translated

on paper, is a traditional Turkish art.Chaining penetration and color, without them interfering

with each other, that can easily distinguish all colors, shapes and models, obtained by

water.Predominant feature that characterizes this, that art is part of traditional Ottoman hand.

Ebru is also known as the,,Turkish leaf,,.

42 McIntosh and Goeldner (1984, page 113)

78

Museums

City Ruins

ChurchesMosques

Hisoricals castles

2009 2010 2011

51578

72453

46721

7638 90634046

0

24866

8009

Visitor numbers inart gallery/museums

antalya alanya side

Table 18: Source dates: www.kulturturizm.gov.tr/istatistikleri, period january-april

Starting from the indicators give, the more tourists, compared with last 3 years of

calculation, were present in cultural institutions in Antalya in 2010 about 72.453 thousand

tourists, another interest presented Side Art Gallery where he gathered around of 24 866

thousand tourists in 2010, and around Alanya has raised 9.06 thousand tourists.

This year(2011), most tourists have always been interested in art have been in Antalya with

46,721 thousand tourists known but a decrease from last year with 40% in Side-8.009 million

tourists and 4040 thousand tourists in Alanya.

FESTIVALS AND EVENTS

Turkey’s festivals and events rflect its fascinating and unique society, a secular republic,

it is very proud of its fight for independence, markeing the major events with great solemnity.

However, over 90 per cent of its population are Muslim, they ar also celebrate the main Islamic

festivals, especially in the countryside.On top of this, Turkey holds host of sporting

competitions and folk festivals.

There are well over hundred festivals organized, during all the year,in town or citys

across from Turkish Riviera. Festivals in this tourist pole are formed by transposing the events

that tourist activities, many of these festivals are visited by tourists from around the world.

Among the most prestigious international festivals are to arena from Aspendos where organized

International Opera and also concerts ballet events.Another important festival and also is

famous the Golden Orange Film Festival in Antalya.

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International Opera and Balet Festival, conducted in an atmosphere arhieological

mystical, this festival allows you to gather a large number of visitors made up largely of foreign

tourists.This festival is an international avengura in 1998, is named as part of the most famous

festivals in the world.Therefore artists participating in this event are equally renowned

personalities where they gather all sorts of people who approach the universal language of art

that bears a great importance and effective, it is also an important element of this festival.

Aspendos International Opera and Ballet Festival every year, with the growing audience of

history, music, and many nations of people come together has become a visual feast, has

collected an audience of approximately 10,000 spectators. Aspendos Theater is an important

part of Turkey country's cultural diversity and awareness of the theater during the festival will

not harm the historic fabric of the technical equipment and the security measures implemented

carefully. Festival presentation of the institutions with the support of co-operation is carried out

to reach the widest audience. Theatre starts running many internationally renowned shows such

as Carmen, Written by Meilhac Halevy Librettosu, Vienna Philharmonic orchestra, "Abduction

from the Seraglio", "Swan Lake", which will be this year for the entire public.

Another famous festival is Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival, The festival runs

continuously in the year in which he made his debut in 1964, and is a great movie oraganisation

of short reel and long length, film projects, piano recital and poetry reading. Concerts and

theatres performed in historical Aspendos Theatre in the mid 1950’s form the basis of Antalya

Golden Orange Film Festival. Performances which the public pays huge attention and occurs in

summer time becomes traditional and lasts in a mood of fiesta till the beginning of 60’s.

Festival turns into “Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival” taking film under its constitution.

The festival which has initiated another film competition for international films under the name

of Euroasia International Film Festival is organized by Antalya Culture and Art Foundation.

Institutor committee of the foundation is composed of 109 people including celebrities of

business, politics, media and culture-art of Antalya. Also,this feast is a paramount importance

for the world of cinema, this art festival bringing together a large audience consisting of both

domestic and foreign tourists

Lara Sand City International Sand Sculpture Festival, every year, here is the largest

sand castle competition on Lara Beach in Antalya and each time brings together in the sand

sculptors from around the world. The art of sand sculpture appeared in the world in recent

years, and is a type of art. Alternatively, the sand sculpture in the scope of arts activities is used

only water and sand.Two years ago in 2009, five sculptors have opened the festival, trying to

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build a Chinese dragon in 25 days, using 1,000 tons of sand and trying to get a world record

and also were other characters in Egyptian mythology, Greek, Japanese, Aztec.

This festival contribute to the promotion of Turkey is extremely important corporate

social responsibility is a project example. Their support of Institutions of Culture and Art

activities, not only consists of the use of the logo but is consist also a corporate sponsor to

support of this kind activities, referred to as socially responsible organizations. This festival

gathers a great number of tourists from around the world.

Lara Sand Festival 2009,Source:www.larasandland.tr

Other Festivals & Tournaments in Turkish Riviera:

Lara Alanya.

Lara Carnaval and Summer Festival, Alanya Atatutk Run and Marathon Race,

Antalya, Gagbeli Festival, Alanya Tourisme and Art FestivalScream,

Progranamte Festival, Alanya Beach Handball Campionship,

Lara Sand Festival Alanya international Triathlon Games

Fenike Kas

Phoenician Festival-June, Offshore Boat Race-june,

Fenike Festival, Paninting Sumposium Festival,

Kemer Lycian Brow Culture and Art

Kemer Carnivale –September Manvgat

Ms. Kemer, Altinnar BeautFestival, Manavgat Tourism Festival ,

International St.Nicholas Syphosium in Demre.

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Events:

In addition to New Year’s Day there are four public holiday observed in Turkey, inclusiv

in Antalya, and represent importante landmarks in the history of Turkish Republic, and all

banks, schools, universities and many private business are closed.National holiday ar an

opportunity for Turks to display their patriotism and Turkish Flags are dreaped everywhere.As

well are parades by local schools children, officials and the military typically take place in

towns and cities, and ubiquitous Ataturk statues become the focus wreath-laying and speech-

making by local dignitaries,there is even the occasional folk-dance or musical recital, such

holidays also give people the change of scene and resorts are filed with domestic tourists.

23 April- National Sovreignty and Children Day celebrate the establishment of the first

Grand National Assembly in 1920, which saw the end of the Ottomane Empire.

19 May- Ataturk Day and Sport Day mark the beginning of the Turkish War of

Independence in 1919, when Ataturk railed the contry to fight forces who had divided

Turkish territory forces over the Greek army in 1922.

30 August –Victory Day celebrates the success of Turkish forces over the Greek army

in 1922.

29 October- Republic Day marks the date when the present Turkish republic was

declared in 1923.

10 November- Ataturk’s Death: although not a holyday, Turks mark the day of

Ataturk’s death in a very poignant way.At 09.05 on 10 November, the exact time of his

death, the whole contry comes to a standstill for a minute of silent remembrance.

Major Muslim Celebration, the Muslim calendar runs on a lunar cycle different to our solar

Gregorian calendar, these celebrations change date each year.

Ramazan(Ramadan)- meaning the month of fasting when faithful Muslims abstain from eating

, drinking and smoking during daylight hours. Even in the cities and resorts of the west, where

Ramazan is less strictly observed. This marks the time when Mohammed wantered in the desert

an Allah revealed the verses of the Koran to him

The obligation requirement is clearly expressed in the Koran (Sura II Cow, 184) and the

traditions of Prophet Muhammad talking about fasting as one of the five pillars of Islam "Every

deed of the sons of Adam except it is their job and that's mine I will reward you "43.At sunset,

43 Sura II Cow, 184, Hadith-confirmed by Muslim, Abu Dawud, Nasa'i, Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah.

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when mulsulmani have the right to interrupt the channel, called,,iftar44,, meal takes place, it

adds together the night prayer ritual.

Ramadan impact on tourism:

In nontouristic areas the cooking food shops are closed

Water and other small food is still found in mini-markets, super-markets and small grocery

at the corner. They, along with markets will be open until around 16.30-17.00 hours when

they close for Iftar will be reopened later

In tourist areas, many restaurants and cafes are open during the day, which is still different

working hours and very low food consumption, the menu could be worse. Around Iftar's no

more home delivery because all restaurants prepare Iftar meals-many of which are dinners.

After serving Iftar's, restaurants stay open till morning, and preparing Suhur45 table.

Clothing should be conservative and it during Ramadan.

Means of transport: buses, trains, planes, according to the normal circulation. However on

the train no food or drinks available

Stores that sell alcoholic beverages are closed throughout the Ramadan. Top-class hotels

will still serve alcohol to their own bars.

End of Ramadan involves a 3-day holiday (Eid al Fitr) the period in which all public

institutions are closed.

Șeker Bayrami- (Sugar Holiday) represent the end of Ramazan is market by the three-

day long, when family,frends and neighbours get together to celebrate.Children show

respect to their elders by kissing their hands and are rewarded with gifts and

sweets.Government offices, museums and some shops are closed, however, restaurants

and hotels are generally open.

Kurban Bayrami- (Sacrifice Holiday) an important holiday universally observed by

Muslims which involves the ritual sacrifice of a sheep , or less commonly these days, a

cow or camel. Several million sheep ar dispatched each year across Turkey by having

their throats cut. This is a re-enactment of the Old Testament and Koranic story of

Abraham who was ordered by God to sacrifice his son, Isaac, on Mount Moriah.

However, at the last moment, convinced of his faith, God allows Abraham to spare his

son, instead directing him to kill a ram caught in a nearby thicket. Traditionally only the

44 Iftar refers to the evening meal when Muslims break their fast during the Islamic month of Ramadan. Iftar is one of the religious observances of Ramadan and is often done as a community, with people gathering to break their fast together. Iftar is done right after Maghrib (sunset) time. Traditionally, a date is the first thing to be consumed when the fast is broken.45 Suhur is meal (breakfast) before dawn, Islamic prayers before the first dawn.

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wealthiest households could afford o make a sacrifice and this meat was eaten by the

family and also distributed.

Other major and minor events are not necessarily holidays but are the time for special

prayers and family get-together, including:

Așure Gunu,( as-shoo-re gen-new), the tenth day of the Islamic lunar month of

Muharrem commemorate Adam repenting his sin, the birth of the Prophet Abraham,

Jonah’s deliverance from the whale and the martyrdom of Islamic hero Huseyin. Also,

Turks celebrate Noah’s ark coming to rest on dry land.

Mevlid-I Nebi,( mehv-leed ee neh- bee), the Prophet Mohammed’s birthday is

celebrated with mosque illuminations and special foods.

The other days of celebrations where mosques are decorated and lit up are: Regaib

Kandili, represent the Beginning of the Three Moons, Berat Kandili (day of

Forgiveness) and Mirac Kandili, celebrating the Prophet Mohammed’s ascent into

heaven.

Circumcision ceremonies, circumcision represent an important milestone in the life of

a young Turkish boy and take place at any time between birth and the age of seven.The

child is dressed in new clothes often a bright satinsuit and light blue headdress, and then

parade around the town visiting family and frends. This was traditionally on horseback

but today could be in a parade of cars that travels the streets with horns blaring. After

the ceremony there is a big family party.

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3.3 Comercial function of Turkish Riviera

Commercial operation consists in the main factor which reveals important purchasing

power of the Turkish Riviera. In many cities function appears dominant the commercial

position in principle which can not exist without the existence of a city commercial activity, so

this function into the definition is required in the city. W. Christaller46 believes that urban

activities are based on trade, administration, and less industry artisans. Many cities have

business born of necessity, and fairs for the exchange of products and goods to ports on behalf

of outsiders.Regarding the Turkish Riviera, it has many modern retail outlets and many

establishments that sell a wide range of products and services to meet the desires any tourists,

and it also has an important role in town’s development. Turkish Riviera offers customers a

vast commercial network, along the beaches and tourist resorts exist within a comprehensive

range of commercial chains. Turkish merchants are very good psychologists and know how to

’’assess’’ on a purchasing power of tourists that come in the store. Although there are fixed-

price shops (especially supermarkets and drugstores), at base at the trade remain the negotiating

practice. It is considered a lack of courtesy that once an agreed price, the buyer to leave without

buying stuff.

Almost every town of any size has its bazaar area, even if there is no covered bedesten 47 set

aside for the purpose the same time honoured,, folklore,, applies. The Antalya main bazaar has

wide verity of products, such originality handworks, different kinds of Turkish foods, all kind

of jewelry, Turkish delight such as halva, baklava, apple tea, locum48, pines honey, spices and

many shops of footwear and couture, as well as Turkish leather goods more. Almost all major

resorts from Turkish Riviera sell their leather, carpets and jewellery in ‘’high street’’ shops or

special shops like Calvin Klein, Lacoste,etc selling sea equipment shops, shoes, souvenir and

cafe shops and restaurants.Antalya region could well be the most deserving choice for shopping

in Turkey, because Antalya is one of the biggest and developed

46 Walter Christaller (April 21, 1893 – March 9, 1969), was a German geographer whose principal contribution to the discipline is Central Place Theory, first published in 1933. This groundbreaking theory was the foundation of the study of cities as systems of cities, rather than simple hierarchies or single entities. Applied geography and area research in Nazi society: central place theory and planning, 1933-1945. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 7, 419-43147 Persian and the fact that the "antiques", this word is precious, precious fabrics, jewelry, and other similar selling off the goods covered, reserved the name given to the whole of the bazaars.48 Turkish delight or lokum is a family of confections based on a gel of starch and sugar. Premium varieties consist largely of chopped dates, pistachios and hazelnuts or walnuts bound by the gel; the cheapest are mostly gel, generally flavored with rosewater, mastic, or lemon.- Oxford English Dictionary;

85

cities. Among the objects found in traditional bazaars in Antalya and its surroundings,

and always close interests of tourists are:

Carpets and Kilims, used as floor or wall- coverings, Tukish carpets are justly

renowened for their brilliant patterns and workmainship. Carpet is famous not just in Antalya it

is well known also all around Turkey. Their hand produce carpets using vegetable dyes and

wool from their own sheep. The patterns and design used in the carpets reflect their nomadic

culture which is expressed in the harmonious use of blues, reds and dark greens. This

traditional style of carpet and kilim making is concentrated in the villages around Antalya.The

peoples which are looking for an old Turkish carpet or kilim, need to know few things, who

buy the carpets or antiques, know that by the Turkish law, it is forbidden to export them out of

the country. The same goes for any historical items more than 100 years old.

Ceramics, traditional from Cappadocia are very popular in Turkey can be find modern

style besides the traditional ware, with briliantly coloured tiles like those that used to decorate

the sultans’’s palaces and mosques.

Decorative blue onyx: vases, ashtrays, chess sets, various colors - cream, pink, gray,

green. It is also one of the traditional occupations, the largest reserves of onyx can be found in

the area of Anatolia.Cappadocian onyx is used both for ornaments and jewellery, but the

cheapest and most popular jewel is the ceramic or glass blue beat to ward off the Evil Eve49.

Gold and silver jewellery is sold by weight, leaving the quality and design of

workmanship. Gold jewelry, antique or modern style, the official price of a gramme of gold is

displayed on the sign at the entrance of the Grand Bazaar Street Jewelers. Gold traded in

Turkey is 90% of 14k gold. Jewels are weighed, but weight is added to the stones and

workmanship.

Fashion, Turkey’s modern fashion designers have burst on the international scene with

subtle combinations scene of western and traditional Turkish style, in Antalya region’s are his

kind of boutiques.Among peasant clothes, light cotton blouses and headscarves are populare

and the brightly coloured heavy woollen socks which are great for winter periode.

Another important aspect is the Antalya is the Turkish cuisine, every visitor, every time

remains surprised by the variety of foods combined with traditional.

The Ottoman Empire spread its cusine throughout the Mediteranean, the food from

Greece, Egipt, Lebanon and further afield in North Africa is of Turkish origins. Turkish

49 Nazar Boncugu or Eveil-Eye is traditional blue and white charm/talisman can be found in various sizes, from

that of the coins to a plate (the Turks believe that the little eye has magical powers to keep away evil and bring

the wearer good luck), it may be in the form of jewelry, trinkets or incorporated into decorative objects.

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cuisisne is considered to be one of the greatest and richest

in the world. Yoruks’ alimentation style dominates over

Antalya alimentation culture. The basis of Yoruk

alimentation style is formed by animal husbandry and

wheat. Although fresh vegetables grow on the shoreline in

the hinterland there is more wheat and corn. One can find

all the cuisines of the world in Antalya hotels and

restaurants. But some of the special foods of the region: sac

kavurma (meat), Tandır kebab (meat), Kolle (cookeb by mixing different types of corn and fruit

sprinkles – sugar added), Tomato cive (cooked with tomato and wheat), Hibes (halvah). But the

Turkish enjoy their food as much for its colour, texture and aroma as for its sheer nourishment.

Turkish Breakfast consists of: cheese, honey, jam, (Antalya is also famous for its jams),

black and green olive, salami, egg, butter, tomato and cucumber, bread,fresh orange juice,

season fruits, yoghurt, bakery, corn flakes from the hotels.The indispensable beverage of the

Turkish breakfast is well-steeped tea.

Lunch-Kebab is mostly preferred. Kebab is cooked in a way that steak slices aresticked

on a skewer and cut into thin slices when it is ready to be served. Kebab can be eaten as fast

food as well as in bread or on a plate with rice.

Dinner,Turkish dinner begins with snacks: dolma, ezme, haydari, cacik, hibes, humus,

imambayild and like appetizers are salad and pickle, main meals are steak, chop – liver, fire

bar, tandoor, kagit kebab. An important feature of Turkish meals is that foods is served in small

quantities and eat too much bread. Even the other basic types such as rice and bulgur are eaten

with bread.

The main dish in Turkey represent by Pilaf is the bastion of Turkish cuisine. It is usually

prepared from rice, but can also be made from bulgur (crushed wheat), and sometimes sehriye

(vermicelli - thin rice noodles). Traditionally, pilaf served as a main dish, usually with meat,

chicken or fish. Today, it serves as seal pilaf dishes of meat or chicken. Pilaf can be prepared

more easily, less filling replacing meat with peas, beans, eggplant and chickpeas.Variations of

pilaf are innumerable, but one feature in common: the rice should be sticky, unlike Italian rice

should be separated into individual grains.

Drinks-Turkis coffe (kahve) is now more popular with discerning foreigners than with the

Turks them selves. A Turkish proverb describes as coffee: ‘’Coffee should be black as hell,

strong as death and sweet as love’’. Cafes have been very popular in Turkey for almost 200

87

years(two centuries before Starbucks) The cafe is a

traditional place where people (mostly students) spend

time and discuss politics & soccer.Modern cafes offer a

variety of beverages as well as traditional soft drinks.

Turkish coffee is made by grinding the coffee grains

coming from Yemen and Brazil and it is served by

cooking with water and sugar with its bubbles.

Cay or tea is served weak without milk in tulip-shaped

glasses, tea is also consumed in Anltalya where is very

hot in summer in order to relief, another delicious non-

alcoholic drink is ayran, a refreshing natural-yoghurt

drink.

Another important aspect of Antalya, where many

tourists come, they are beauty centers very famous, also Turkish baths and natural treatments

methods which all the luxury hotels offer this service to tourists. The natural methods applied at

Turkish specialists are: Main balneotherapy methods50 are as follow;

1. Baths: Thermo mineral water peloid and gas baths and regional applications of these agents.

2. Drinking cures: drinking cures made with mineral waters or applied to living areas.

3. Inhalation applications: inhaling applications performed with thermo mineral water props.

4. Peloidotherapy: applications in method of bathing in healing mud and clay, packaging and

padding.

5. Applications of hydrotherapy: taking shower, bathing, washing and these types of

applications performed with thermo mineral waters.

Spa Treatment, Spa Cure

Supplementary and alternative treatments in spa treatment on the other hand, more

accurately in spa cure since it is administered with application of certain treatment methods, for

certain period of time in a series in form of a cure are also used in many countries. Especially

exercise and massage mainly; acupuncture, herbal treatments and aroma therapies are found

among these methods. Finally series of supporting methods are also allowed in spa cure

programs in some countries again.

Turkish bath (Hammam), the first to set up common ancient baths were Romans and

Greeks, these being later taken over by the Ottoman Turks, they adapted their traditions. 50 Balneotherapy is simulation-adaptation treatment applied in form of cure at certain periods of time with repeated and regular use in series in manner of bathing, packaging, drinking and inhaling thermal and/or mineral waters, healing clay and gasses at specific dosages and in specific methods;

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Hamam's typically in the form of Turkish is rooted in the Islamic traditions related to cleaning

and purifying the body. Hammam is a large room, beautifully decorated with glass mosaic in

oriental color combinations. The edges are covered with mosaic and heated benches, the floor

is heated, and in the middle room there is a mass of ceramic or glass mosaic, heated massage

with soap is made after the body was prepared in advance by a hot bath. Hamam site consists of

three main rooms – sicaklik (hot room), tepidarium (middle room) and sogukluk (cold room).

Sicaklik is dome-shaped ceiling, with several small windows and round the sun rays that

penetrate to illuminate the room. Hammamist massage is accomplished by two stages: the first

is a loofah and then peeling massage with a natural soap foam extract olive oil.Conditions are

very different: a Turkish bath temperature is moderately large with big moisture content,

compared to the sauna where heat is dry.

Benefits after a Turkish bath are numerous and have great success because to the

beneficial effects on the body. Helps eliminate toxins through controlled heating and cooling

blood. Give a good feeling, relaxing the entire body, and psyche. It also dilates the pores, and

finally the skin is lighter and more elastic. This bath can help heal certain respiratory diseases

and can be tested at any age.

ENTERTAINMENT

Night live in resorts from Turkis Riviera are very colorful night life, especially, during

the summer months ( june – july - august ), the award-winner marinas and its surrounding host

a rich variety of discos, bars and pubs all of which are very popular among both the locals and

tourists. Likewise in Titreyengol and Kemer there are plenty of very appealing rock bars, pubs

and traditional Turkish taverns. Antalya's night life becomes even more and more exciting

during the International Golden Orange Film Festiva

In Antalya is posible to choose to have a quiet drink in a traditional bar, or huge outdoor clubs.

There is a wide variety of nightclubs, discos and bars, which will give the opportunity to try

something different every night of the week. The numerous activities one can indulge in at

night are enabled by the plethora of bars, discos, clubs and pubs scattered throughout the resort,

including on the beaches.

In Kas is ranked second among resorts in this region of Turkey, with an abundance of

tourist activities and a lively nightlife. Night is when the streets in the resort of Kas is filled

with light, laughter and music but often romantic atmosphere attracts especially young couples

than noisy.

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Of all the resorts in the Riviera, Antalya has the best record for tulmuluous and active

night life. Among the most popular and famous bars and discotheques are:

Ally's, has become the most favorite night club in Antalya, during the hot summer nights, in

especially at Friday and Saturday nights, it is really very crowded. Girls and boys do wear their

fancy clothes and it is a good quality night club. The club is located in the historical center

Antalya, namely, Kaleici. Inferno, quite trendy place mostly for trendy people. After midnight

the place is very crowded. Club 29 also referred to as Club Arma, should not be overlooked,

since it offers great dancing conditions and, as compared to Ally’s, at daytime is noteworthy,

since the club overlooks the Antalya Marina. As a plus, it is the biggest club in Antalya.

However, if in the mood for a rather cannier night activity, places like O’Neil’s Irish Pub and

the North Shield Pub enable good drinking and conversation moments. All in all, what is

characteristic of all these venues is that they do not enforce a certain dressing code. The only

rule that applies is doing whatever is takes to feel good. And if casual dressing is what it takes,

than it is unlikely to become a problem. A complementary mainstream tendency is for fancy

clothing: even if casual, one has to show off, even if discretely.

Inferno is the kind of club which promotes this kind of trendier wearing. Eventually, the

overall picture of nightlife in Antalya exceeds all differences between the numerous dancing

and drinking venues, and comes down to an extremely dynamic environment which is at least

worth getting acquainted with. The flourishing belly dancing in Antalya is, on top of all, what

decisively rounds up the nightlife picture of the resort.

Almost all luxury hotels from Turkish Riviera have in their program the evening Turkish

traditional dances which could not miss and the famous Turkish belly dancing, "ORYANTAL

Dance "(dance oriental, Turkey). Belly dance is the oldest form of dance, the oldest dance of

the entire civilization, is a major way of expressing femininity of thousands of years now. Its

origins are lost in the mysteries of ancient cultures of fertility.

The proofs of his existence removed from the Middle East, North Africa and the ancient

temples of India, since the Pre Christian period, with strong religious connotations and are also

an important part of social life of those times.

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Aquatic amusement parks have become

in the last perode, undoubtedly at the

forefront of tourists preferences without

which no holiday is not possible to spend

the holidays in this kind of parks. Antalya

possesses numerous water parks that allow

such activity, some more diverse than

others.These amusement parks have many

slides, artificial waterfalls, pools for children and

adults, also for excitement are slides for surfing.

All these parks are made so as to satisfy all

tourist customer wishes, and spend a wonderful

vacation, as some of the parks own

animations with dolphins and seals and also

parks have inside of parks, restaurants, cafe-bars

and all kinds of sophs.

In conclusion, the amusement parks from Antalya are an ideal place to satisfy the tourists

and also represent a refuge from the torrid heat to Mediterranean coast. The three amusement

parks in Antalya are: Dolphinland is located in Dumlupinar Bulvari, Konyaalti Korulugu Yani,

and also Dolphinland has made its way through in the world of amusement parks by the several

dolphins, the couple of white whales and sea lions performing their regular shows for the thrill

and satisfaction of visitors of all ages. The Dolphiland give the oportunite to visitors have the

opportunity to swim with the dolphins, an activity which is proven to have an extremely

benefic impact on the learning skills of those who choose to enjoy in this more dynamic

manner the company of the lovely sea mammals.

The Aqualand water park is located in Dumlupinar Bulvari, Konyaalti Korulugu Yani,

belongs to the same complex as Dolphinland, everything in this park actually revolves around

the splendid and inviting water amenities in view of enriching the many water related activities.

Swimming can be a transitory leisure activity which turns the thrill of a ride on a slide into a

soothing water massage at the Jacuzzi Bar in Aqualand. The numerous safe boxes and changing

rooms in this water park are meant to bring a touch of comfort and a feeling of security to all

clients choosing to spend a day in Aqualand.

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Antalya Aquapark situated in

Rixos Premium Hotel is the

biggest water park in the

Mediterranean region and

represent a choice of 23 spiraling

waterslides, quite a few artificial

wild rivers that are molding the

abrupt cliffs, extremely large

water pools covering as many as 65000m.

Every year in Turkish Riviera are numerous sporting activities which are true

international competitiveness such as, water sports, volleyball, football.etc.

Alanya, Antalya, Kas and Olundenz all have superb facilities for sailling, water-skiing and

paragliding. Scuba diving among the underwater archeological sites off Kekova Island needs

official autorization. Antalya is another hot spot for scuba divers and Side is going to be one of

the best places to go scuba diving in the future. The dives are supervised in principle by a

diving teacher or a diving-guide and there is a depth limit of 30 meters. Moray eels, calamari

and octopi are regulars around many of the local sites and you won’t have to look too hard to

find some of the many amphora that make intriguing subjects for photographers.

Rafting trip are very popular in Antalya and exciting day out which gives the opportunity

to race the rapids whilst viewing the breathtaking cedar forests of especially the Koprulu

Canyon national Park. There are many agencies that can be arrange rafIting, the trips can last

from one till six hours and also include a three course seafood lunch, also , the trips include

visiting the spectacular Duden Waterfalls or the Gulf of Antalya islands.

Cilmbing, there are excelent climbing opportunities to be found in the Taurus Mountains

and the very western Lycian peaks to the nord and west of Antalya . Within the Turkish Riviera

area there are several other rock

climbing areas, and these are as follows:

Further inland from Geyikbayiri and

high up in the mountains (2000m high)

at a place called Feslekan Yayla is a

fantastic limestone bouldering area.

Further south is another excellent sports

climbing area at Olympos, with several

crags. Here there are over 160 routes on perfect limestone rock across all grades. Akyarlar

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another place for climbing is a small limestone crag but it has the advantage that the climbing is

straight off the beach, this is a great advantage for this Antalya area, and so she became very

famous.

Jeep safari-what can be practice in Antalya region is to spend the day driving around the

Taurus Mountains in a jeep convey stopping for panoramic views and visiting traditional

villages. Jeep Safari is one of the marvelous adrenalin voyages towards Taurus Mountain to

discover real beauty of Turkey and takes 10 hours starts in the morning 8am.

Hiking and Skiing, for hiking is possible in the national parks, near to Termessos, west of

Antalya, offers this potential, or the Koprulu Valley park north of Aspendos.In the interior lake

distrinct, the Kova Golu park is conveniently close to Egirdir.51 Also, at Saklikent, the slopes of

Mount Bakirli provide opportunitry skiing in March and April.

Antalya offers a wide range of activities and sports in particular this is due largely to the

geographical position and climate which makes the city a splendid place for sports. Antalya

region, in conclusion, is very famous because the tourists can enjoy winter sports in mid-

summer, or feel the extreme sensations skiind or floating in the beautiful canyons.

3.4 S.W.O.T -Analysis of Turkish Riviera

SWOT analysis is a summary of the marketing audit summarizes the strengths and

weaknesses of the organization, of a territory or firms, and external environmental

opportunities and threats. It is done as a list of positive and negative characteristics of the

analyzed, which distinguishes it from competing organizations.

Also SWOT analysis is an efficient method, used in strategic planning, to identify potential,

priorities and creating a common vision of achieving the development strategy.

SWOT comes from English and represents the initials of words Strengths, Weaknesses

Opportunities and Threats. In conducting a SWOT, Turkish Riviera tourist destination should

be regarded as a unit that has many positive points, strengths acting on a moving market, it has

weak points, hitting and threats inherent but also, benefit of many opportunities.

Strengths :

51 Egirdir (Turkish: Eğirdir Gölü, formerly Eğridir) is the name of a lake and of the town situated on the shore of that lake in Turkey, and is situeted 186 kilometers north of Antalya, in Turkish Riviera region.Source:EğirdirTurkey.com.

93

The region benefits from the numerous historical monuments of national

importance and international (UNESCO);

Tourism potential natural attractive;

Tourism potential anthropogenic attractive;

Offer cultural diverse: festivals, theater performances, concerts, exhibitions,

sporting events, customs and traditions.

A large number of protected areas (National parks and Natural reserves) included

in the European network, caled Natura 2000;

Traditional cuisine and regional specialties;

Large capacity of accommodation hotels from 1*- 5* is provided by the resorts

hotel chains;

Luxury hotels with all inclusive system: three meals included, snacks and drinks

throughout the day, various services: sauna, Turkish bath, tennis, volleyball, water

polo, animation, belly dance, etc;

Tourism service quality, the best quality price;

Long season: so much coastline and mountain, from April until October the

season coastal Mediterranean, and from November until April at the mountain

season;

Various possibilities for recreation: leisure destination for children's clubs for

children, entertainment, animation, slides, and for adults sports games, raftin,

swimming, riding,etc

Blue Flag beaches identified;

Golf courses, spread across endless green acres,

Considerable revenue growth from tourism activities;

The large variety of clubs with different styles of music with renowned DJ.

Well developed tourism infrastructure: road network renovated, modern and

comfortable transportation, accessibility between resorts;

Visas can be obtained very simply: on arrival at the airport the visa fee is paid,

depends on the amount according to nationality;

Weaknesses:

Inefficiency greening of areas of interest;

Overcrowding beach;

Poor public transport infrastructure, and rail;

94

Turkey is not a member of the European Union,

Impose certain restrictions for tourists, due to issues of tradition, custom and

religion, as a mulsulman country;

Opportunities:

Restoration / renovation / rehabilitation objectives related to cultural and

historical heritage and tourist valorisation their;

Involvement of major tour operators in the incoming international market seaside;

Increasing the number of tourists / visitors who have motivated various forms of

cultural tourism;

Expanding the geographical area, with direct impact on tourist traffic, particularly

business;

Tend to diversify its byproducts;

Very good opportunities to exploit the mountain throughout the year by hiking,

riding, climbing, extreme sports skiing;

Increasing number of tourists which have motivation different forms of cultural

tourism;

Threats:

Strong competition at the destination, foreign destinations and conditions related

to higher prices;

The Islamic world also has some implications in the political and economic

affairs, it follows that there is some risk of terrorist acts occur either internally or

in neighboring areas;

Overtraining in hotels in summer;

Unfavorable weather conditions, natural disasters (floods, landslides);

CHAPTER IV

4. TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCURE

95

Between transport and tourism, there is an essential connection; pogress leading travel

means automatically the changing forms of tourism. Opening large shipping lines, aviation

networkings have contributed to the internationalization of tourism, and expansion of car use

imposed by mass tourism. The fact that currently 91% from the worldwide network of

highways, 80% of the fleet and 70% in international air traffic is concentrated in Europe and

North America and that, consequently, very large regions they hold large tourist flows world it

is the most obvious effect of this correlation.

Transportation is important for tourism in two component parts: accessibility

and the weight which deal the tourist budget. Accessibility is one of the important factors for

capitalization touristic at a region, in most cases, the decision of planning a communications

network is in direct correlation, to the extent that it has taken or may take tourism.

The simple presence of channels communication infrastructure not training by itself the tourism

development.The share which came from transportation costs is the budget of tourists is in

direct correlation to the distance at which they move. The mode of transport adopted at national

level depends on the type and scale of tourism flows. Developed European countries are

characterized by using the car as the primary means of transport; it has the advantage that

ensures certain independence. At the international level depends on the type of transport chosen

for physical-geographical, the degree of development of road network, air transport lacking

competitor for distant destinations from across the oceans, even if sometimes it is more

practical to lick croazirele way.

Postwar mass tourism due to enormous considerable development of the technique of

transportation.Until the beginning of our century, travel touristic was limited both social

reasons, but also because of insufficient means of transport, inadaptable with the demands of an

organized tourist. Since its origins, however, the tourist transport has hijacked the initial

purpose of tourism which was seen as seize at activities with comercial caracter.52

Demands of modern tourism in terms of transport are:

Mobility and accessibility, for travel anywhere in space regardless of the obstacle;

High capacity, to move hundreds of million tourists;

Rapidity, necessary to comply with agreements rental and reservation of seats in

clubs or hotels, etc.

Rapidity is not always an essential factor, but depends on the distance; this sense plane is

preferred for large distances or short break.

52 Albert G. Wackerman- ,, Tourisme et Transport, SEDES, Paris, 1993, pp 35.

96

In conclusion, the relationship between space and time became the capital in tourist travel, and

current techniques allowing completion shame distances in a short time.

4.1 ACCES TO ANTALYA

Quick access to Antalya airport is due or which is located at 13 km from Antalya city

center. Antalya is one of the major airports in south-west Turkey, the others being Bodrum and

Dalaman.The airport is big and modern, built to accommodate the millions of passengers who

come to Turkey's Mediterranean beaches in summer. Antalya Airport is approximately 15

million passengers in 2006, the most important tourist gateway for the Turkish Riviera is the

nature of being. Antalya, the tourism sector continues to grow, ICF Airports, an airport

experience of international standards and is committed to providing world class facilities of this

experience. Based on the projection from data from peak months (eg August 2009), it currently

has an estimated capacity of accommodating up to 35 million passengers/year, theoretically.

IATA code of the airport is AYT and the airport has two terminals.

Antalya Airport is used by low cost airlines for domestic flights, international and

transcontinental. The most important is the low cost airline SunExpress, which has a hub on the

airport. Other airlines flying to AYT are Air Berlin, ArkeFly, Cimber Air, Condor, Condor,

easyJet, Germanwings, Thomac Cook airline and others, in total there are 19 low cost airlines

flying to AYT.

Antalya airport is open from 24 to 24 hours in a context very secure and comfortable, have

tourist information offices, (comptoirs de)TO53 stores, voyage agencies, banks, health services

and, are also places to eat, restaurants.

Today people have a choise of trasportation to get to many destinations, in general, the decision

of which to use probably on a combination of three factors: lenght of trip, number of people in

the group, and disposable income avaible for travel. Other considerations affecting this decision

may found among the followings:

Availability, frequency and flexibility of each mode;

Time it takes to travel to a destination using various travel modes;

Relative comfort or luxury of one travel mode over another.

Ground services or terminal facilities avaible for each travel mode.

Status or prestige involved.

53 Comptoirs de France Bakery is a foreign company dedicated to the production and distribution of high quality varieties of breads, pastries, chocolates and ice-creams. Comptoirs de France as a "Maison de Qualité" offers the best of the French bakery and pastry products; source:www.comptoirsdefrance.com

97

Airplane

The fastest way to

transport and most used by

tourists toTurkish Riviera is by

plane, and is the most

accessible of all transport

routes.

Table 19. Antalya Airport

Imcoming Passengesr Statistics

in 2007-2010.

Source: antalyaturizm.gov.tr

The following table shows that tourists who visited the fastest method are very numerous, their

number increasing from year of 2008 where 7893.388 thousands of tourists, came in 2009

around 8679.519 thousands, last year from 2010 - 9552.694 thousand.

This year 2010 the table shows the tourists who used this means of transport grow from month

to month, in January come 126, 272 tourists in February around 201,141 in March, 297,898

thousands of tourists from in April this number has begune to grow significantly, reaching

1,306,508 thousand tourists.

98

1 2 3

2008 2009 2010

7893.3888679.519

9552.69399999999

Antalya Airport Incoming Passengers Statistics in 2007-2010

0%

8%

12%

29%

51%

Antalya Airport Imcoming Panssengers in 2010

January February March AprilMay

2008 7893,3882009 8679,5192010 9552,694

Table 20 Antalya Airport Imcoming Passengesr Statistics in 2007-2010.

Source: antalyaturizm.gov.tr

Table 21 Antalya mode travel in 2009Source: Source: Provincial Directorate of Security

After the 2009 data, among tourists from Turkey

were 1,569,621 incoming passengers, and among

international tourists were 60% more than 7,467,737

thousands of tourists, among the departures from

Antalya,Turkish domestic tourists have left the

territory around 1,593,551 thousand touristsand

among the international were 7,751,508 thousands of tourists.Another way the access to

Antalya is by car which is a convenient way for tourists unite. Automobile offer travelers many

advantages over other forms of transportation, buses, rail and ships have fixed starting and

ending points and inflexible schedules.The indroduction of automobile thus offered an

alternative way to travel and allowed many new destination to

99

In-com-ing

Flight0%

Out-boun

d Flight

0%

Incoming Passenger49%

Departures50%

Airline mode travel in 2009

2011January 126,272February 201.141March 297.898April 755.352May 1.306.580total 2.561.097

2009

Domestic

International Flights

Incoming Flight

14.313 49.323

Outbound Flight

14.163 49.479

Incoming Passenger

1.569.621

7.467.737

Departures 1.593.551

7.751.508

be opened. Nevertheless, many other destinations created initially by ships and rains are

still popular today as automobile destination. In addition, the automobile is avaible on arrival at

a destination and allows people to plan distant trips on their vacantions.

Table 22.Number of registred vehcle come to Antalya Source: Provincial Directorate of Security

Regarding the mode of transport

by car comparing 2009 with

2010, in January 2009 were 263

909 thousand cars in 2010 were

275,689 and the year 2010

brought an increase of 4.46% compared to

2009. With minibus in 2009 were 12,065

thousand and in 2010 were 11,962 fewer registered, -0.85%. Again in 2010 saw a decrease of -

2.14% among bus where in January 7999 and in 2010 to 7828. In conclusion, the most used

means of transportation after the table 22 was the car, which is widely used by air transport.

Antalya is easily accessed from most parts of the country. Because of the competition

among the private bus companies, the quality of services is quite high as well. And many

tourists are choosing to use bus in Antalya because Turkey has of good quality at highways.

There are numerous bus company offices on Cumhuriyet and Atatutk Caddesi and they usually

povide a free service bus to the otogar for,, Yeni Otogar,,.

Several bus companies offer services from Austria, France, Germany, Iran, Jordan, Saudi

Arabia, Switzerland and Syria to Turkey, using luxury buses that ensure comfort on the long

drive. These buses arrive at Istanbul, where passengers can connect to Antalya by bus, car,

flight or train, bus services run every 30 minutes to Antalya.

Another way to arrives in Anatalya is by Ferry. The cruise ship buisiness is one of the

fastest-growing branches of touism, with the number of people taking cruises in the millions

annualy.The fly-cruise concept makes it cost effective for people to vacantion this way,as it

allows ticketed cruise passengers to fly to and from to the ships’ ports of call at substantially

100

Car Minibus Bus Special Purpose Vehicles

-50,000

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

Number of Registred Vehicles coming to Antalya ,January 2009-2010

Mode de transport January, 2009

January 2010

(%)

Car 263.909 275.689 4,46

Minibus 12.06511.962

-0,85

Bus 7.9997.828

-2,14

Special Purpose Vehicles

934

984

5,35

reduced rates. The fly-cruise concept allows passengers to reach the ship embarkation point

rapidly and beach home again quickly at the end of the cruise. Cruise ships are basically self-

contained ‘’destination,, resorts where guests are roomed, fed, entertainment and transported.

Today’s cruise ships offer live shows, gambling, slot machines, movies, a variety of bars,

discos, other dancing sports, exercise areas, shopping arcades and sightseeing at the various

ports of calls.Apart from private yachts sailing in from all over the world, and numerous cruises

in the Mediterranean, several foreign shipping companies have regular services to the port of

Antalya. Travelling by ferry is very comfortable, but depending on the destination port,

journeys can be quite long.

Table

23 Water

transport

Antalya in

January 2011/

Source:

antalyaturizm.gov.tr

101

antalya alanya kemer finike

27916 1 187 0 0 0

3598

3034 65

Water transport-Antalya 2011January

yacht ship turists

2011 yacht ship turistsantalya 279 7 3598alanya 16 0 303kemer 1 0 4finike 18 0 65

Table24 tip of Travel Organisation/Source: tourism sesone Antalya

Table (23) show that in January this year (2011) most yachts have arrived in the port of Antalya

about 279 and only seven yachts, Port of Finike is the second after receiving fewer Antalya

than this about 18 yachts, only 16 Alanya and Kemer than 1.This type of trip is not flooded

with tourists.

Another form is taxis are easily available in all Turkish cities and towns, and are

recognisable by their chequered black and yellow bands. Although most taxis are metered, it is

advisable to negotiate a price for longer journeys. Travellers can pre-book taxis by telephone or

hail themas and when needed. There are taxi stands all over the city where the drivers have

their base and tea pot. Each taxi is metered and there are two different rates, after midnight

(24:00) till morning (06:00) it will cost 50% more than the daytime fare. For popular

destinations there are price lists showing the rate in Euro.

Table 25.Transportation

mode in 2009/ Source:

tourism sesone Antalya

102

Organisaid trip

Independent

No respons

Travel Organisation

airplan

road

0.00%20.00%40.00%60.00%80.00%

100.00%

Transportation mode2009

Organisaid trip 69,2Independent 28,3No respons 2,5

airplan 95,50%road 4,50%

Regarding organization how to travel many tourists, after the data in Table 25 shows that

tourists prefer to travel in an organized way, calling the travel agency extensively with a total

of 69.2% and independently about 28.3%.

And the most widely used mode of reaching the Turkish Riviera resort of the airplane is being

the fastest way and recently dropped fares airline tickets. Around 95, 50% travel by air and by

road only 4.50%.

Public transport, long distance buses from otogar54are privately owned and highly

competitive. Antalya offers a variety of public transportation, such as public buses, trams, mini-

buses, taxicabs and dolmus.The simplest way to get somewhere in Antalya is to use the

“dolmus”. Dolmus literally means "filled up", and is a large cab, a station wagon, a regular taxi

or a minibus that travels a certain route. Most major public transportation stations have a

dolmus station, in Antalya dolmus does not wait until it fills up.

By tram-the historic tramway has been donated by the German city of Nuremberg and

connects the western Konyaalti Beach and Antalya Museum to the eastern part of the city

center. It runs all 30 min. in either direction and costs 1.75 TL per person. Tramway can be

used for sightseeing as it passes most beautiful places of the city center. The new tram system

("AntRay") currently (04/2011) consists of one line, serving the route Fatih-Otogar-Muratpaşa-

Ismetpaşa-Meydan every 15min during the day. To get to the Kaleiçi or to the interconnection

with the historic tram line, get off at Ismetpaşa station. Tickets (1.75TL) can be obtained at the

stores around the stations or at specific AntRay-counters.

Rent a car. The largest companies are able to prevail largely because of their national and

international adverstising. The auto rental business is extremely competitive.The car rental

orients its advertising primarly to business travelers, but they also offer fly-drive and train/ auto

packages that appeal more to vacation travelers.

Car rentals in Antalya are available in the bus terminal, air port and city center. In Antalya

there are many car rental services and despite the fact that Turkish authorities are demanding

requirements are not too complicated and requires only a driver's license to be valid

international. Car rental Antalya and its towns Belek, Kemer, Side, Alanya, Tekirova is

available for car hire services with delivery and drop-off.

By bicycle.Using bicycle in crowded roads might be dangerous and tiresome (especially in

summer as the temperature hits high 40's at noon (100F-120F). However, there are a few

bicycle-only roads passing beside the sea having incredible views.

54 Bus station

103

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, all forms of tourism that are meeting in Turkish Riviera, coastal tourism,

are highly diversified, with luxury hotels and quality services; mountain tourism,

with Saklikent Resort from Turkish Riviera, where the tourist can combine the two forms of

tourism at the same time; cultural tourism which has a particular value

because the traditional is combined with tourism,with a very rich culture, full of history and a

series of traditional events that the tourist gets to participate in them; sports tourism, which is

also highly developed,tourists may choose to practice a variety of sports which is practiced in

Turkish Riviera, from summer sport until the winter sports; golf which is a real tourist pole

which draws so internal and international business peoples and made to know the Turkish

Riviera an internationally renowned.All this together donot as ,,tourist life’’ is always active,

and make Antalya the true be know as a tourist center.

I option for this destination to promote first, for belongs to another civilization and

culture, which may arouse interest each person and secondly for wealth and natural beauty

that it offers. Antalya is not only an exotic destination, but noted and combines a rich

architectural heritage, cultural and historical worth not missing, may be known

and as the "tourism capital" of Turkey is an exotic place with a fascinating history, combining

spectacular the sea and mountains.

Today, Antalya is a resort with a large crowd of villas, hotels, restaurants, a variety of

styles that address the foreign and Turkish tourism.Antalya is for the first time that one sees as

a wonderful surprise while the passenger already in love found here, quiet beaches, boulevards

shadowy palm, landscape richness. In other words, I can say that, for nature lovers and sun,

Antalya is the perfect destination to spend an unforgettable holiday.

With al this, will remain an exuberant resort,an international resort, will be really

one of the Mediterranean Riviera, valuing with lucidly the natural and human potential

available.

104

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Albert G. Wackerman, Tourisme et Transport, SEDES, Paris, 1993;

2. Altman Jack, Southeran Turhey, JMP Publications S.A, 1006 Switzerland;

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105

Publications:

1. Cigdim Atakuman, Value of Hritage in Turkey, History and Politics of Turkey’s

World, Heritage Nominations, Ankara 06100, Turkey;

2. Hilal Erkus Ozturk, Planing of Tourism Development, The case of Antalya.

Anatolia:An Intenational Jounal of Tourism and Hospitality Reseach, Turkey 2010;

3. Mihat Uner, Nezir Kose, Soner Gokten, An Econometric Model of Tourism Deman

and Room Rates.

Internet Sites:

www.goturkey.com

www.kulturturzm.gov.tr

www.antalyaturizm.gov.tr

www.turizm.gov.tr

www.antalya.gov.tr

www.antalya.org

www.turkishdictionary.net

www.britannica.com

www. larousse .fr

www.visit-antalya.com

www.world-tourism.org

www.turkey-now.org.

http://www.tuik.gov.tr

106

Top towns in Turkish Riviera/Source:antalya.org

Top Places in Turkish Riviera/Source:antalya/org

Top 6 hotels from Turkish Riviera

Hotel Rixos PremiumBelek5*/Source:Boutiquestylehotels.net

Hotel Rixos Sungate Kemer 5*/Source:maniatravel.ro

107

Kemer

Side

Belek

LARA

1.Olympus

4.Saklikent

7.Duden Waterfall

2.Karaian cave

5.Beldebi Cave

8.KursuluWaterfall

3.ManavgatWaterfall

6.KopruluKanyon

9.SarapasaInn

Hotel Cornelia Diamond Golf Resort/Source:turkeyholidaytours.com

Wow Top Kapi Palace, Lara/Source:ematour.ro

108

Belek Sunsensi Deluxe Resort/Source:mymotels.com

109

Calistra luxury Resort-Belek 5*/Source:calistra.com.tr

110