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8/9/2019 Fundamental Particle Ppt Finished
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Fundamental
Particles
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F a e tal particles are the
b il i g blocks of atter
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F r many
years t e
definiti n ffundamental
articles as
c anged
CHANGE
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Before it was a whole ato
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After ards it c anged t r t ns
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Neutr ns
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And Electr ns
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A fundamental articles is a
article kn n t ave n
su structure
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Or it exists
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Or it d esnt
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Finally t e definiti n f
fundamnetal article as reec ed
d n as
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Quarks
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Quarks are t e
uilding l cks fmatter
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Quarks are
divided u in 6
kinds r flav urs
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UpQuark
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UpQuark D n Quark
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UpQuark D n Quark C arm Quark
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UpQuark D n Quark C arm Quark
Strange Quark
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UpQuark D n Quark C arm Quark
Strange Quark T pQuark
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UpQuark D n Quark C arm Quark
Strange Quark T pQuark B tt m Quark
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Lepto s
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Lept ns are fundamentalparticlest at ave n
str ng interacti ns
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Electr ns and P sitr ns
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The electr n is theleast assive
chargedparticle fanytype.
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Itisabsol telystablebeca
seco servatio ofe erg
ya
electricchargetogetherf
orbi a y ecay.
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T e antiparticle f t e electr n iscalled a
positron
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T e ppositesignforitselectricc arge =
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However, electro apositro s ca
a ihilatewhe they
eet. Both the
electro a the
positro tra sfor th
e selfsi tophoto s
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Viceversa very strong photons can produce
electros and positrons
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++
-
+
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Muo s
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The
negativelycharged
muon (mu-minus)
is just likean
electron,
exceptitis more
massive.
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Muons are unsta le = theydecay
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The antiparticleof a mu-minusis a mu-plus.
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Muons are produced in
particlephysicsexperiments. Theyalso are
produced ycosmicrays.
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Becausethey areuch ore assive
tha electro s,
uo srea ily pass
through the
electricfiel s i si e
atterwithverylittl
e eflectio .
34
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Tau Leptons
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The tau-minusis a electron-likeparticle
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Theseparticleswere iscovere at SL C i
experi e ts at S EAR. The 1995 Noble rize
Marti L. erlwasawar e forthis iscovery.
36
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Thisthir typeofcha
rge lepto isalso
unstable.
37
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There are
severalpossi le aysf orittodecayForExampleit
can decayinto :
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An Electron
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There are
severalpossiblewaysforitto ecayForExa pleit
can ecayinto :
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An Electron An um- minus
muon
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There are
severalpossiblewaysforitto ecayForExa pleit
can ecayinto :
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An Electron An um- minus
muon
Down Quark
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There are
severalpossiblewaysforitto ecayForExa pleit
can ecayinto :
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An Electron An um- minus
muon
Down Quark Strange Quark
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Neutrinos
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There are
threetypesofNeutrinos.
All are similardo to thefact that they dont
participate in strong
interaction
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Neutrinos
Electron
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However, neutrinosdifferfromelectrons in
thattheyhave zero electriccharge and, as far
asweknowtoday, zero mass
44
Mass of
Neutrino= 0.0000000000000002m
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Gauge Bosons
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Gaugebosons are
osonicicparticlesthatactascarriersof thefundamentalforcesof nature.
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ere
Are typesofGaugeBosons
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Photons
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W and Z osons
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Gluons
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EachGuageBosoncorresondsto a
particlularinteraction
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Photons W and
ZBosons
Gluons
Electromagneticin
teraction
Weakinteraction Strong
interaction
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Despite the modern technology of
today we are not a le to e sure
that Fundamental or Elementary
particles are truly structure less
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History
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Research in the field of
particle science has
begun since
ancientGreece
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Philosefers asLecippus, Democritus and Epicurus
studied the essence of matter
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Throughhistory it has een influenced y
Indians, Europeans Americans till arriving now to
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The Standard Model
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CarrersConnectedtoFunda ental a
rticles:
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Scientist
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Physicist
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Philosopher
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Astronomer
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Teacher
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FundamentalParticles are verycomplex and hard
tounderstand and perhapsthey are of no
useforordinary people in theirdaily life
utasmanyanotherthings the make up the
knowledgeofhumankind
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K
nowledgeispower
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William Alexander