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Cloud Book , Fundamentals of Cloud Computing
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FUNDAMENTALS OF
CLOUD COMPUTING
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Vikas
®
Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
FUNDAMENTALS OF
CLOUD COMPUTING
Prasant Kumar Pattnaik
Associate Professor
School of Computer EngineeringKIIT University
Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Manas Ranjan Kabat
Reader and Head
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
VSS University of Technology, Burla
Sambalpur, Odisha
Souvik Pal
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Nalanda Institute of Technology
Bhubaneswar, Odisha
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication which is material protected by this copyright notice may be repro-
duced or transmitted or utilized or stored in any form or by any means now known or hereinafter invented,
electronic, digital or mechanical, including photocopying, scanning, recording or by any information storage orretrieval system, without prior written permission from the publisher.
Information contained in this book has been published by VIKAS® Publishing House Pvt Ltd and has been obtained
by its Authors from sources believed to be reliable and are correct to the best of their knowledge. However, the
Publisher and its Authors shall in no event be liable for any errors, omissions or damages arising out of use of this
information and speciically disclaim any implied warranties or merchantability or itness for any particular use.
Disputes if any are subject to Delhi Jurisdiction only.
Printed in India
VIKAS® PUBLISHING HOUSE PVT. LTD. E-28Sector-8, Noida-201301 (UP) India
Phone: +91-120-4078900 • Fax: +91-120-4078999
Registered Ofice: 576, Masjid Road, Jangpura, New Delhi-110 014, India
E-mail: [email protected] • Website: www.vikaspublishing.com
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ISBN: 978 9325 976108
First Edition 2014
Vikas® is the registered trademark of Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
Copyright © Authors
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To Dr. Rajib Mall : The Great Teacher
— Prasant
To Sree Sree Thakur Anukul Chandra: The Supreme of Love
— Manas
To Maa, Baba: Constant Sources of Inspiration
— Souvik
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Fundamentals of Cloud Computing VII
Preface
This introductory text in the area of cloud computing is primarily based on the work
done by the author Souvik Pal during his M. Tech. Thesis. Cloud Computing is one of the
emerging topics in Information Technology. Cloud Computing is also included in the
syllabus of many universities. We, therefore, decided to work on a book on this subject
for the beneit of the students and teachers. Some topics in this book are unique and
based on published information which is current and timely. Some topics in this book
are intended for readers who have no prior knowledge of this subject. So we believe
that the book will be helpful to anyone who wants to learn cloud computing.
The book is organized into eight chapters, appendix and glossary. Chapter 1 provides
basics of cloud computing, like the working principles of Cluster, Grid and Mobile
Computing. Chapter 2 focuses on what Cloud Computing is and the services it provides
and also the different deployment models of Cloud Computing. Chapter 3 describes
the framework for Cloud Computing. Chapter 4 provides an overview of Virtualization
techniques, Virtualization Model and how Virtualization is related to cloud computing.
Chapter 5 presents different aspects virtualization procedure and the inter relation-
ship among them. This chapter discusses the issues in scheduling, load distribution,
energy eficiency, distribution pattern and also transactional approaches. Chapter 6
deals with the Live Migration Process in Cloud Computing. Chapter 7 is based on Cloud
database issues like Relational-Non Relational, SQL-based-No-SQL data base. Lastly,
Chapter 8 introduces ways to maintain privacy of the sensitive data and resources
using an auditing concept within the third party provider to ensure data privacy and
data integrity checks.
There have been several inluences from our family who have sacriiced lot of their time
and attention to ensure that we are kept motivated to complete this crucial project.
Prasant Kumar Pattnaik is grateful to his father Late Ramanarayan Patnaik, Mother
Smt. Jayalakshimi Patnaik, Father-in-law Er. Chittaranjan Mohanty, and Mother-in-law
Late Renubala Mohanty for their blessings. He is also thankful to his wife Bismita and
Daughter Prasannakshi for their love and support.
Manas Ranjan Kabat is grateful to his Parents for their blessings, wife Arundhati for her
unconditional love, patience and encouragement for this work. He is also thankful to
his daughter Anamika and son Manish for their support.
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VIII Fundamentals of Cloud Computing
Souvik Pal is grateful to his father Prof. Bharat Kumar Pal and Mother Smt. Tandra Pal
for their blessings and constant support. He is also grateful to his Grand Mother Late
Sakhi Rani Pal, Grand Father Late Ajit Kumar Pal for their affection and motivation.
He is thankful to his friend Smita Mukherjee for her encouragement and continuous
support.
The authors are thankful to all the members of Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd especil-
lay Mr. S. Verma, Mr. Nilabhra Poddar and Mr. Subhendu Sinha Roy for the given oppor-
tunities to write this book.
Above all God is Almighty.
Prasant Kumar Pattnaik
Manas Ranjan Kabat
Souvik Pal
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Content
Chapter 1
Basics of Cloud Computing
1. Introduction 1
1.1. Evolution of Cloud Computing 1
1.2. Cluster Computing Environment 4
1.2.1. The Architecture of Cluster ComputingEnvironment 5
1.3. Grid Computing Environment 6
1.3.1. Grid Related Technologies 6
1.3.2. Levels of Deployment 9
1.3.3. Architecture of Grid Computing Environment 10
1.4. Mobile Computing 14
1.4.1. Characteristics of Mobile Computing 14
1.4.2. Characteristics of Mobile Networks 15
1.5. Summary 15Exercise 16
Further Readings 16
Chapter 2
Introduction to Cloud Computing
2.1. Introduction 17
2.2. Popular Views 17
2.3. Characteristics of Cloud Computing 18
2.3.1. Elasticity and Scalability 18
2.3.2. Measured Metering and Billing of Service 18
2.3.3. Self-Service Provisioning of Resources 19
2.3.4. Application Programming Interface (APIs) 19
2.3.5. Performance Measurement Service 19
2.3.6. Device and Location Independency 19
2.2.7. Customization 19
2.3.8. Security 20
2.4. Need for Cloud Computing 20
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X Fundamentals of Cloud Computing
2.5. Types of Cloud 20
2.5.1. Public Cloud 21 2.5.2. Private Cloud 21
2.5.3. Hybrid Cloud 22
2.5.4. Community Cloud 23
2.6. Cloud Services 23
2.6.1. Resource as a Service (RaaS) 23
2.6.2. Infrastructure as a Service 24
2.6.3. Platform as a Service 24
2.6.4. Software as a Service 25
2.6. Security Paradigms and Issues of Cloud Computing 252.7. Some Popular Cloud Service Providers 26
2.7.1. IaaS Service Providers 26
2.7.2. PaaS Service Providers 28
2.7.3. SaaS Service Providers 28
2.8. Summary 28
Exercise 29
Further Readings 29
Chapter 3Cloud Framework
3.1. Introduction 31
3.2. Framework for Cloud Computing Environment 31
3.2.1. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) 33
3.2.3. Life Cycle of Services in SOA 34
3.2.4. Integrating SOA and the Cloud 36
3.2.5. Cloud Framework 37
3.2.1. Framework Constraints 40
3.4. Worklow and Co-ordination of Multiple Activities 41
3.4.1. Need of Worklow 42
3.4.2. Examples of Worklow Tools 43
3.5. Summary 43
Exercise 44
Further Readings 44
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XII Fundamentals of Cloud Computing
Chapter 6
Live Migration of Virtual Machines
6.1. Introduction 77
6.2. Need of Live Migration of Virtual Machine 77
6.3. Advantages of Live Migration 78
6.4. An Designing Process of Live Migration 78
6.4.1. Live Migration Process 80
6.5. Security Issues 82
6.5.1. Possible Attacks 82
6.6. Summary 83
Exercise 83
Further Readings 84
Chapter 7
Cloud Database
7.1. Introduction 85
7.2. Non-Relational Data Models 85
7.2.1. Transactions in Cloud Databases 86
7.2.2. Advantages of Cloud Database 86
7.3. Heterogeneous Databases in DaaS 87
7.4. MongoDB 89
7.4.1. Data Model 89
7.4.2. Replication 90
7.4.3. Sharding 91
7.4.4. Architecture 91
7.4.5. Consistency 92
7.4.6. Failure Handling 92
7.5. CAP Theorem 927.6. Issues in Live Migration of Databases
in Cloud Computing Environment 93
7.6.1. Cloud Database Classiication based
on Transaction Processing 94
7.7. Commercial Available Cloud Database Platform 97
7.8. Summary 98
Exercise 99
Further Readings 100
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Fundamentals of Cloud Computing XIII
Chapter 8
Auditing
8.1. Introduction 103
8.2. Data Security in Cloud Computing Environment 103
8.2.1 Characteristics of a Secure Cloud
Computing Environment 103
8.2.2. Need for Auditing in Cloud
Computing Environment 104
8.2.3. Auditing Background within Third Party
Service Provider 104
8.3. Cloud Auditing Outsourcing Lifecycle Phases 1048.4. Auditing Classiication 105
8.5. Auditing Service 106
8.6. Summary 108
Exercise 109
Further Readings 109
Appendix I
CloudSim: A Simulator for Cloud Computing Environment 111–124
Appendix II
Some of the Applications of Wireless Sensor Network in Cloud1 125–132
Glossary 133–156
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