Fundamentals of Medication

7/31/2019 Fundamentals of Medication

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by: jairus magdadaro

In aNUTSHELL:

thefundamentalsof


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Pharmaceutics study of how various drug forms influence pharmacokineticand pharmacodynamic activities.

Pharmacokinetics study of what the body does to the drug or how bodydeals with drugs.

Pharmacodynamics the study of what drug does to the body (MOA)

Pharmacotherapeutics - the use of drugs and the clinical indications fordrugs to prevent and treat disease.


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Enteral route absorbed into the systemic circulation through oral or gastricmucosa, the small intestine, or rectum.

Oral

Sublingual

Buccal

Rectal

Parenteral routeIntravenous

Intramuscular

Subcutaneous

Intradermal

Intrathecal, intraarticular


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Topical Route Skin

Eyes

Ears

Nose

Lungs

vagina


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Tablet mixed with inert binder and compressed into a hard mass.Pill drug and binder are rolled into a sphere.Troche/Lozenge flavored tablet that dissolves in the mouth.Capsule - drug container is made of gelatin.Elixir sweet, aromatic, dilute alcoholic solution of a drug.Tincture alcoholic extract of a drug.Syrup drug in a concentrated sugar solution.Suspension an aqueous solution of an insoluble drug.Solution an aqueous preparation of a soluble drug.Emulsion one liquid distributed in small globules in another liquid.Gel a colloidal suspension of a drug.

Suppository drug in a waxy or fatty medium.


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Transdermal Patch a bandage-like system with controlled release of the drug

from a reservoir.Ointment/ Cream/ Lotion/ Liniment/ Paste drug incorporated with a solutinof a drug.Ampule a glass container with a solution of a drug.Vial a glass container with a drug in powder or crystal form.


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A CLOSER LOOK..

Generic Name:

mandatory as promulgated in RA 6675 (Generics Act of 1988) to emphasize the scientific basis for the use of drugs in order that healthprofessionals may become more aware and cognizant of their therapeuticeffects. to ensure the adequate supply of drugs with generic names at the lowestpossible cost and endeavor to make them available for free to indigent

patients.

Dosage:to ensure that correct dose is administered to avoid overdose andunderdose.It includes number of capsules, tablets and etc.


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Route:

To properly administer the drug to achieve its efficacy and desired effects.

Frequency:

To be properly guided of how many times should the certain drug be given in a dayto achieve the desired therapeutic effects of the medication.

Timing:

To maintain the efficacy of the drug (given that weve achieved its peak action).

To avoid resistance from the drug (especially to antibiotics).

A CLOSER LOOK..


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Mechanism of Action:

to be fully equipped on the action of the drug inside your body to fully understandwhy certain drug has this distinct effects.

for us to answer various and unending queries of the patient and/or significant otherswhen taking the drug (thats exhausting!)

Indication: to be knowledgeable on what specific purpose are you really trying to achieve ingiving a particular drug.

ex: captopril hypertension = P: lower down BP

A CLOSER LOOK..


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Contraindication:

to avoid untoward effects unto the patient worsening then the condition and mayeven lead to fatal complications and/or earlier death.

special precaution to people hypersensitive to certain ingredient found in the drug.

Effects:

To know what to expect and/or observe that the client will manifest upon

administration of the particular drug. Main Effects desired therapeutic effect.

Side Effects expected, well-known reactions that result in little or no change inpatient intervention.

Adverse Effects more severe, undesirable and unexpected effects occuring evenat normal dose.

A CLOSER LOOK..


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Nursing Responsibilities

to be fully aware of the necessary steps that should be done prior, upon, during, andafter the administration of drug.

A CLOSER LOOK..


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A nurse must.. Check for the following:

chief complaint

past medical history

family history

drug history

health management

reproductive history

personal and social history

health risk history


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Do health teachings about:

Therapeutic use and outcomesMonitoring side and adverse effects

medication administration (especially when patient will be discharged out from thehospital)

Observe Rights of Drug Administration:

Right Client Right Drug

Right Dose

Right Time

Right Route

Right Assessment

Right Documentation


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Right to education

Right EvaluationRight to refuse

Right Approach

Right Drug to drug interaction

Right drug to food interaction

Verify components of drug order: Date and time order is written

drug name

drug dosage

frequency and duration of administration

Any special instructions for withholding or adjusting dosage.


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physician or other health care providers signature or name if TO or VO

signature of licensed practitioner taking TO or VO

Must be checked three times:

Doctors order

Medication Sheet

Medication Ticket


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White once a day (OD)Red as needed (PRN)Green every 4 hours (8am, 12nn, 4pm, 8pm, 12nn)Pink every 8 hours or three times a day (TID) [8am,

1pm, 6pm]Orange every 6 hours (12nn, 6am, 12nn, 6pm)Yellow every 12 hours or twice a day (BID) [8am, 6pm]Blue four times a day (8am, 12nn, 4pm, 8pm)


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because we are NURSES! be fully equipped with knowledge and we will be moreconfident and more reliable for the patient and the significantothers.

patients cooperation is a guarantee.

patients trust will be easily gained and established. rewarding for yourself that youre on the right track and youhave done all of those correctly.

guilt-free feeling.

an avenue for an exchange of friendship and connection.


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Documents

Fundamentals of Medication