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8/16/2019 Fungi as Animal Parasites
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FUNGI AS
ANIMAL PARASITE
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Summarize the identification and
classification of fungal disease
• Compare fungal agents
• Compare the clinical appearances of the
diseases resulting of the parasitic fungi
•
Describe the general manifestations ofmycoses
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OUTLINE
• Medical mycology
• Systemic mycoses caused by
at!oge"ic #u"gi
• Systemic mycoses caused by
oo$tu"istic #u"gi
•
Sue$#icial% cuta"eous% subcuta"eousmycoses
• &u"gal i"to'icatio"s
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&UNGAL (ARASITIC )ISEASE IN
VERTEBRATES
• &u"gal i"#ectio" – Mycoses
• To'icoses – Ac*ui$ed t!$u i"gestio"
– (oiso"ous mus!$oom
– $a$e
• Alle$gies – !ye$se"siti+ities $eactio"
– I"!alatio" o# #u"gal so$es
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Mycoses
• &u"gal disease
• Co"ditio"s i" ,!ic! #u"gi ass t!e
$esista"ce ba$$ie$s o# !uma" o$ a"imal
body a"d establis! i"#ectio"s
• Classi#ied - tissue le+els i"itially
colo"i.ed
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Mycoses
• Systemic mycoses due to at!oge"ic
#u"gi
• Systemic mycoses due to oo$tu"istic
#u"gi
• Sue$#icial mycoses
• Cuta"eous mycoses
• Subcuta"eous mycoses
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Mycoses T$a"smissio"
• I"!alatio"
• T$auma
•I"gestio"
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Eidemic
• Mass e'osu$e to some
e"+i$o"me"tal sou$ce o# #u"gi
– Bi$d d$oi"gs
– )e$mato!ytes
– Ca"dida
–("eumocystis
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Diagnosis of fungal infection
• Co$$elates sig"s a"d symtom ,it!
mic$oscoic e'ami"atio"s o#tissues
– Cli"ical
– Labo$ato$y cultu$es
– Se$ological testi"g
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Diagnosis of fungal infection
• Cli"ical –
$esi$ato$y dist$ess – (atie"ts !isto$y – )isti"cti+e mycelial g$o,t!
• Labo$ato$y cultu$es – Cultu$e #u"gi #$om atie"t o" Sabou$aud
de't$ose aga$ • T$ue #u"gi
» /0oC -12oC to $e+eal dimo$!ism
» Aea$a"ce o# colo"ies% mic$oscoicaea$a"ce o# yeast cells% mycelia% mold so$es
– GMS 3Gomo$i Met!eami"e Sil+e$4•
To stai" #u"gal cells blac5
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Diagnosis of fungal infection
• Se$ological testi"g – Immu"ologic test to diag"ose
• A"tibody6a"tige"
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Diagnosis of fungal infection
• )iag"osis o# oo$tu"istic #u"gi – No$mally "ot #ou"d
– (ulmo"a$y i"#ectio" $oduce symtom• 7 $ay o$ CT sca"
• St$o"gly $esembles tube$culosis6e"doge"ous
tumo$s
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&u"gal Age"ts
• T$ue #u"gal at!oge"
• Oo$tu"istic #u"gi
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T$ue &u"gal (at!oge"
• )imo$!ic #u"gi – 8east-li5ed a"d mold-li5ed t!alli – 9 1:oC ; mycellial t!alli comose o#
!y!ae
– 12oC ; e'ist as yeast t!alli – )i##e$ i" st$uctu$e a"d !ysical
– 8east li5e• Mo$e i"+asi+e• E'$ess e".ymes < ot!e$ $otei"• Tole$a"t o# !ig!e$ teme$atu$e• Resista"t to at!oge"ic 5illi"g
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T$ue &u"gal (at!oge"
• Blastomyces dermatitidis
• Coccidioides immitis
•Histoplasma capsulatum
• Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
• A$o$iate !ost $ega$dless o#immu"e status
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Oo$tu"istic #u"gi
• Lac5 ge"etic c!a$acte$istics associated
,it! t$ue #u"gi
– lac5 o# $otei" t!at aid i" colo"i.i"g
t!e body
– )o "ot cause disease i" !ealt!y
body
– Suscetible i"di+idual• Immu"ocom$omised i"di+idual
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Oo$tu"istic #u"gi
• )e$mato!ytes
– Microsporum s= – Epidermophyton s=
– Trichophyton s=
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Systemic Mycoses Caused By
(at!oge"ic &u"gi
• Systemic mycoses – &u"gal i"#ectio" t!at s$ead t!$oug! out t!e
body
–Results o# i"#ectio" by o"e6> at!oge"icdimo$!ic
– &u"gi di+isio" o# t!e Ascomycota;• Blastomyces
• Coccidioides• ?istolasma
• (a$acoccidioides
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• Systemic mycoses
– Ac*ui$ed t!$u i"!alatio"
– All begi" ge"e$ali.i"g ulmo"a$y i"#ectio"
– T!e" dissemi"ate t!$u blood to t!e $est o# t!e
body
– E't$emely !a.a$dous to labo$ato$y e$so""el
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• Systemic mycoses
– )oes "ot $emai" locali.e• Co"ti"ue as $og$essi+e lu"g disease
• &u"gus e"gul#ed but "ot dest$oy by
!agocytes i" t!e body
• E"te$ t!e lym! system @ s$ead t!$u out t!ebody
– It can multiply as a yeast phase
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Blastomycosis
• Blastomyces dermatitidis
• E"demic a$eas o# Sout!,este$" US to Ca"ada
• No$mally soil $ic! i" o$ga"ic mate$ial
– )ecayi"g +egetables
– A"imal ,astes
–
So$ulatio"s• Grows on Sabouraud agar
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Blastomycosis
• I"!alatio"
– )ust ca$$ies #u"gal so$es 3mic$oco"idia4 a"d
ieces o# !y!ae to lu"g
• !uma" immu"ocom$omised
i"di+iduals
• Cats% dogs% !o$ses
• (ulmo"a$y Blastomycosis – T!e most commo" blastomycoses
– So$e e"te$ lu"g% co"+e$t to yeast #o$ms a"dmultily
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Blastomycosis
• &u"gus dissemi"ate @ s$ead beyo"d lu"gs
•
Cuta"eous Blastomycosis
– >: o# AI)S atie"ts - me"i"gitis #$om
dissemi"atio" o# Blastomycoses
–Lu"g i"#ectio"% s5i" lesio"s o$ bo"e lesio"s
– Bladde$% 5id"ey% $ostate a"d testes may be
a##ected=
• T$eatme"t; It$aco"a.ole% &luco"a.ole%
eto"a.ole= Am!ote$ici" B @ se+e$e i"#ectio"s
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Blastomycosis
Cuta"eous blastomycosis o# /: yea$s
du$atio" s!o,i"g loss o# s5i"= Note
ad+a"ci"g edge o# lesio"
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Blastomycosis
Ulce$ated g$a"ulomadue to B. dermatitidi
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Cuta"eous blastomycosis s!o,i"g loss o# s5i" #$om t!e a$m a"d #i"ge$s
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Coccidioidomycosis
• Coccidioides immitis
• E"demic a$eas o# Sout!,este$" US to
No$t!e$" Me'ico
• No$mally dese$t soil
• A$c!aeological $emai"s• Mi"es
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Coccidioidomycosis
• Ve!icle i"#ectio"
– i"dsto$m o$ ea$t!*ua5es
• Coccidioides immitis g$o, as mycelium a"d
$oduce stu$dy c!ai"s o# ase'ual so$es call
a$t!$oco"idia6a$t!$oso$es
– Matu$e ge$mi"ate i"to "e, mycelia
• I"!ale t!e dust% a$t!$oso$es become t$aed i" t!e
al+eola$ saces o# lu"gs
– Ge$mi"ate i"to a$asitic #o$m s!e$ules – S!e$ule matu$e @ e"la$ge @ a lot o# so$es @
$eleased ------ coccidioides i"#ectio"
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Coccidioidomycosis
• Ca" be t$a"smitted #$om !ost to !ost
•D: o# atie"t "o symtom – T!e" #e+e$% coug!
• Small e$ce"tage dissemi"ate t!$u out t!e body
– Bo"es% oi"ts
• T$eatme"t ,it! Am!ote$ici" B% 5etoco"a.ole%
#luco"a.ole% o$ it$aco"a.ole
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Coccidioides immitis
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Coccidioidomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis s!o,i"g
c!$o"ic lesio"s o# t!e #ace= Acti+e
lesio"s a$e see" o" t!e c!ee5= A"
at$o!ic% deigme"ted sca$
$e$ese"ti"g a !ealed lesio" is o"
t!e #o$e!ead= 3Cou$tesy o# )$ J==Rio"% USA4=
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C!$o"ic cuta"eous
coccidioidomycosis s!o,i"g
g$a"ulomatous lesio"s o"
#ace% "ec5 a"d c!i"= 3Cou$tesy o# )$J== Rio"% USA4=
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?istolasmosis
• Histoplasma capsulatum – Most commo" #u"gal
• E"demic i" A#$ica% Sout! Ame$ica
• No$mally soil i" !ig! N
– )$oi"g o# bats a"d bi$ds
• H. Capsulatum a"d H =duboisii
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?istolasmosis
• So$es o# bot! may become ai$bo$"e a"d i"!ale
,!e" t!e soil co"tai"i"g #u"gus so$es is distu$bed
by ,i"d6!uma" acti+ities• H. capsulatum
– A" i"t$acellula$ a$asite
– Uo" i"!alatio"% #i$st attac5 al+eola$
mac$o!age i" t!e lu"gs – dise$se #u"gus beyo"d lu"g +ia blood a"d
lym!
– Cell-mediated immu"ity de+elo
• !ealt!y eole
– F0 $esol+e ,it!out damage
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?istolasmosis
• 0 de+elo !istolasmosis
• C!$o"ic ulmo"a$y !istolasmosis
– Se+e$e coug!i"g% $e-e'isti"g lu"g disease
• C!$o"ic cuta"eous !istolasmosis
– Ulce$ati+e s5i" lesio"
• Systemic !istolasmosis
– Li+e$% slee" - #atal
• Ocula$ !istolasmosis
– I"#lammatio" a"d $ed eye 3!ye$se"siti+ity4
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Histoplasma capsulatum
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Histoplasma capsulatum
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?istolasmosis
Histoplasmosis of the lower gum showing ulcer
around base of tooth.
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(a$acoccidioidomycosis
• Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
• Simila$ to blastomytosis a"d coccidioidomycosis
•No$mally cool% dam soil
• Not commo" disease
– geog$a!ically limited t!a" ot!e$ t$ue #u"gi
( idi id i
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(a$acoccidioidomycosis
• Asymtomatic @ systemic @ i"cubatio" last #o$ yea$s
• (ulmo"a$y #o$m @ c!$o"ic coug!% #e+e$
• (ai"#ul ulce$ated gums% to"gue% lis
• Lym!atic system lead to lesio"s i" i"testi"es%
li+e$% b$ai" a"d ot!e$ tissues
• T$eatme"t ,it! Am!ote$ici" B o$ 5etoco"a.ole
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Systemic Mycoses Caused By
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Systemic Mycoses Caused By
Oo$tu"istic &u"gi
• Oo$tu"istic #u"gi – Limited to eole ,it! oo$ immu"ity
– Causes o# !uma" disease a"d deat!
– 0 ge"e$a o# #u"gi $outi"ely e"cou"te$ed;• !spergillus
• Candida
• Cryptococcus
• Pneumocystis• Mucor
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Ase$gillosis
• A g$ou o# diseases
• )iseases $esulti"g #$om i"!alatio" o# so$es o#
!spergillus 3Ascomycota4
• &ou"d i" soil% #ood% comost% ag$icultu$al buildi"gsa"d ai$ +e"ts
• !spergillus niger @ t!e most classical oo$tu"istic
#u"gus• G$o,i"g $oblems #o$ AI)S atie"ts
1 cli"ical ulmo"a$y disease;Ase$gillosis
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1 cli"ical ulmo"a$y disease;
• ?ye$se"siti+ity ase$gillosis – Ma"i#ests as ast!ma
– Ot!e$ alle$gy symtoms
– Symtom maybe mild% o$ become c!$o"ic• it! $ecu$$e"t eisodes @ e$ma"e"t damage
• No"i"+asi+e ase$gillomas
– Ball-li5e masses o# #u"gal !y!ae
– &o$m i" ca+ities $esult #$om $e+ious
case o# ulmo"a$y tube$culosis – Coug!i"g blood-ti"ged sutum may
occu$
Ase$gillosis
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• Acute i"+asi+e ulmo"a$y ase$gillosis
– Mo$e se$ious – Symtoms i"clude
• &e+e$
• Coug!
• (ai"
• ("eumo"ia may be $ese"t
– Nec$osis o# lu"g tissue --- $esi$ato$y
imai$me"t
Ase$gillosis
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• No"ulmo"a$y disease
!e" ase$gillomas #o$m i" a$a"asalsi"uses% ea$ ca"als% eyelids%
co"u"cti+as% eye soc5ets o$ b$ai"
• Cuta"eous ase$gillosis
Ra$e
I"t$oduced i"to s5i" #$om t$auma o$
dissemi"ates #$om lu"gs
Ase$gillosis
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• Systemic ase$gillosis
I"+asio" o# t!e mao$ o$ga" systems
O#te" #atal 3es= b$ai" i"+ol+ed4
AI)S atie"ts a"d IV d$ug abuse$s
&u"gus $oduces abscesses i" B$ai"
id"eys
?ea$t
Bo"es
GI t$act
Ase$gillosis
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• )iag"osis must be co"#i$med +ia
labo$ato$y tec!"i*ues a"dimmu"ological tests
• T$eatme"t
– Va$ious alle$gy medicatio"s o$dese"siti.atio" to alle$ge"
– Su$gical $emo+al o# ase$gillomas
– ?ig! dose% i"t$a+e"ous o# Am!ote$ici" B=
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Aspergillosis
Aspergillosis
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Aspergillosis in air sacs of a hen during an epidemic of aspergillosis in poultry.(Courtesy C.V.L. eybridge! "ngland#.
C didi i
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Ca"didiasis• )iseases caused by +a$ious secies o#
Candida• Most commo" Candida albicans
• )imo$!ic ascomycetes
• Commo" membe$s o# t!e mic$obiota o#
s5i" a"d mucous memb$a"es
– )igesti+e t$acts
– No$mal i"!abita"t o# #emale
$e$oducti+e t$act
Ca"didiasis
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• Locali.ed% sue$#icial i"#ectio"s see" i"
i"di+iduals ,it! imai$me"t o# t!e ba$$ie$#u"ctio" o# t!e eit!elial laye$s
– "ewborn #$%& and elderly #'(%&
– !lmost all those in)ected with HI* once
they de+elop clinical !I,S
• )iag"ose @ sig"s a"d cluste$s o# buddi"g
yeast a"d seudo!y!ae
– Se$ies o# buds $emai"i"g attac!ed to t!ea$e"t cell - #ilame"tous !y!a
Ca"didiasis
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• I"#ectio"s i" immu"ocom$omised
i"di+iduals di##icult to t$eat
• O$al admi"iste$ed #luco"a.ole #o$ AI)S
atie"ts
• I"+asi+e ca"didiasis ,it! Am!ote$ici"B
a"d 0-#luo$ocytosi"e
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Candidiasis
$ral candidiasis in an infant showing characteristic patches of a creamy%white
to grey pseudomembrane composed of blastoconidia and pseudohyphae of C.albicans. &ote the mouth of normal newborn infants
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C!$o"ic o$al ca"didiasis o# t!e to"gue a"d mout! co$"e$s 3a"gula$ c!eilitis4 i" a" adult ,it! a"
u"de$lyi"g immu"e de#icie"cy= Note c!a$acte$istic ,!ite seudomemb$a"e comosed o# cells
a"d seudo!y!ae o# C. albicans=
C$ytococcosis
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C$ytococcosis
• Cryptococcus neo)ormans3basidiomycetes4
• C. neo)ormans gattii
• O$igi"ally co"side$ed as $oto.oa
• I"!alatio" o# so$es a"d d$ied yeast i"ae$osols #$om bi$d d$oi"gs
C$ytococcosis
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• (at!oge"esis e"!a"ced by
c!a$acte$istics o# #u"gus;
– ($ese"ce o# a !agocyt!osis
$esista"t casule su$$ou"di"g t!e
yeast #o$m – Ability o# yeast to $oduce mela"i"
– O$ga"ismHs $edilectio" #o$ CNS @
isolated #$om immu"e system byblood-b$ai" ba$$ie$
C$ytococcosis
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• ($ima$y ulmo"a$y c$ytococcosis
– asymtomatic
• I"+asi+e ulmo"a$y c$ytococcosis – Resulti"g i" c!$o"ic "eumo"ia
• Coug! a"d ulmo"a$y lesio"s
•
C$ytococcal me"i"gitis – Most commo" cli"ical #o$m o# c$ytococcal
i"#ectio"
– )issemi"atio" o# #u"gus to CNS
–Symtoms ; !eadac!e% d$o,si"ess%i$$itability% co"#usio" a"d "ec5 sti##"ess
– Late stages @ loss o# +isio" a"d coma
C$ytococcosis
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• C$ytococcoma
– Solid #u"gal masses #o$m i" ce$eb$al!emis!e$es% ce$ebellum o$ si"al co$d
3$a$e4
• Cuta"eous c$ytococcosis – Ulce$ated s5i" lesio"s
– I"#lammatio" o# subcuta"eous tissues• Mo$e commo" o" !ead a"d "ec5 es= i"
AI)S atie"ts
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Pneumocystis ("eumo"ia
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Pneumocystis ("eumo"ia
•Pneumocystis -iro+eci 3ascomycete4
• &o$me$ly 5"o," as P. carinii as "o$mal
$esi$ato$y mic$obiota
• Obligate a$asite
• T$a"smissio" t!$u i"!alatio" o# d$olet
"uclei co"tai"i"g t!e #u"gus
Pneumocystis ("eumo"ia
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• (C( 3o$igi"ally P neumocystis c arinii
"eumo"ia4
• Obse$+ed i" mal"ou$is!ed% $ematu$e
i"#a"ts a"d debilitated elde$ly atie"ts
• Almost diag"ostic #o$ AI)S
– O"ce e"te$ lu"gs% multilies $aidly%
e'te"si+ely colo"i.i"g lu"gs
– ides$ead i"#lammatio"% #e+e$%
di##icult to b$eat! "o"$oducti+e coug!
Pneumocystis ("eumo"ia
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• )iag"osis $elies o" cli"ical a"d
mic$oscoic #i"di"gs
– Use o# #luo$esce"t a"tibody o"
samles
• T$eatme"t a"d mai"te"a"ce t!e$ay
,it! a"ti$oto.oa" d$ugs t$imet!o$im
a"d sul#a"ilamide
ygomycoses
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ygomycoses
Mucor /hi0opus a"d !bsidia
ygomycota
Soil% decayi"g o$ga"ic matte$% as co"tami"a"t
cause #ood soilage
/hi0opus classic b$ead mold
(atie"ts ,it! u"co"t$olled diabetes
(eole ,!o i"ect illegal d$ugs Ca"ce$ atie"ts
ygomycoses
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• I"#ectio"s i" #ace a"d !ead a$ea
• Lu"gs% GI t$act o$ s5i"
•)issemi"ate t!$u out t!e body a"d $esult i";
R!i"oce$eb$al .ygomycosis
(a$a"asal si"uses @ $oo# o# mout! a"d
"ose 3mac$oscoic cotto"li5e g$o,t!4 -
b$ai" (ulmo"a$y .ygomycosis
)ee i"!alatio" o# so$es #$om moldy
#oods i"to b$o"c!ioles a"d al+eoli o#
lu"gs
ygomycoses
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Gast$oi"testi"al .ygomycosis
Ulce$s i" i"testi"al t$act
Cuta"eous .ygomycosis
Results #$om i"t$oductio" o# #u"gal
eleme"ts t!$u s5i" o$ t$auma Lesio"s $a"ge #$om ustules a"d ulce$s
to abscesses a"d dead atc!es o# s5i"
ygomycoses
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• )iag"osis made t!$u cli"ical
obse$+atio" o" #u"gus i" mout! o$"ose
•T$eatme"t by $emo+al o# i"#ectedtissues a"d Am!ote$ici" B
Sue$#icial Mycoses
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Sue$#icial Mycoses
• Ac*ui$ed by di$ect co"tact
• Most commo" #u"gal i"#ectio"s
• Co"#i"ed to t!e oute$% dead laye$s o#
s5i"% "ails o$ !ai$
• Comosed o# dead cells #illed ,it!$otei" @ 5e$ati"
• I" se+e$e immu"ocom$omised
atie"ts% s$ead to co+e$ sig"i#ica"ta$eas o# s5i" - systemic
Sue$#icial Mycoses
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Blac5 (ied$a a"d !ite (ied$a
)e$mato!ytoses Malasse.ia I"#ectio"s
Blac5 (ied$a a"d !ite (ied$a
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• (ied$a @ sue$#icial i"#ectio" t!at #o$ms
"odules o" !ai$ s!a#ts
• T$a"smissio" t!$u s!a$ed !ai$ b$us!es%
combs a"d i" #amily membe$s i"#ected
• Piedraia hortae 3ascomycete4 causes blac5
ied$a
– ?a$d% blac5 "odules e"ci$cli"g !ai$ s!a#ts
• Trichosporon beigelii causes ,!ite ied$a
– So#t% g$ay to ,!ite "odules o" !ai$ s!a#ts
Blac5 (ied$a a"d !ite (ied$a
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• Cli"ical aea$a"ces
• T$eatme"t- s!a+i"g i"#ected a$ea
• A"ti#u"gal age"ts - te$bi"a#i"e
)e$mato!ytoses
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y
• dermatophytes
• O"ly g$o, o" s5i"% "ails a"d !ai$
•Ri"g,o$msH - Ci$cula$% scaly atc!es
• $esemble a ,o$m lyi"g belo, su$#ace
• o# s5i"
• ti"ea @ commo" "ame i" de$mato!ytoses
• e$ati" @ as sou$ce o# "ut$ie"ts #o$ #u"gus
)e$mato!ytoses
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• 1 ge"e$a o# ascomycetes 3>: secies4;
– Trichophyton s=
– Microsporum s= – Epidermophyton )loccosum
• All s5i" a"d "ail but Trichophyton s= also i"#ect
!ai$ • Rest$icted to co$"i#ied laye$ o# eide$mis
• Usually see" as simle !y!ae
• I" !ai$s !y!ae may #$agme"t i"to a$t!$oso$es
3t!allic co"idia4
)e$mato!ytoses
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• Classi#icatio"
A"t!$oo!ilic 3!uma"s4
– ?uma" !ost – Mild% c!$o"ic i"#lammatio"
oo!ilic 3a"imals4
– Ma$5ed i"#lammatio" i# co"tact ,it! cats%
dogs etc= Geo!ilic 3soil4
– $eco+e$ed #$om soils occasio"ally i"#ect
!uma"
– Lea+e sca$s
)e$mato!ytoses
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• Cli"ically disti"cti+e
• T$eatme"t ,it! a"ti#u"gal age"ts
•O$al age"ts #o$ ,ides$eadi"#ectio"s o" scal o$ s5i"
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KMoccasi"-tyeK ti"ea edis caused by E. )loccosum 3le#t4 a"d
+esicula$ tye ti"ea edis caused by T. interdigitale 3$ig!t4=
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KTi"ea i"cog"itoK o$ ste$oid modi#ied ti"ea edis
caused by T. rubrum =
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'inea of the nails caused by T. rubrum.
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Ti"ea co$o$is
caused by T. rubrum
i" Aust$alia"
Abo$igi"es
li+i"g "ea$ )a$,i" i"
t!e No$t!e$"
Te$$ito$y
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Ti"ea caitis a"d co$o$is caused by M. canis
#ollo,i"g co"tact ,it! i"#ectious 5itte"s =
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'inea of the beard
'inea barbae
caused by T. rubrum .
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'inea capitis showing e)tensi*e hair loss
caused by M. canis. .
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+erion lesion caused by M. canis.
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+erion lesion caused by T. verrucosum following contact
with cattle.
Malasse.ia I"#ectio"s
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• Malasse0ia )ur)ur 3basidiomycete4
• No$mal i"!abita"t o# !uma" s5i"
•(ity$iasis @ c!$o"ic i"#ectio"s o# M. )ur)ur
• deigme"ted o$ !ye$igme"ted atc!es o#
scaly s5i" – Resulti"g #$om #u"gal i"te$#e$e"ce ,it!
mela"i" $oductio"
Malasse.ia I"#ectio"s
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• Tyically occu$s o" t$u"5% s!oulde$s a"d
a$ms
• Ra$ely o" #ace a"d "ec5• ti"ea +e$sicolo$
– +a$iable igme"tatio"
• M. )ur)ur also causes
&olliculitis @
– i"#ectio" o# !ai$ #ollicles o" bac5% c!est
a"d ue$ a$ms
– ($oduce #ollicula$ aules o$ ustules
Malasse.ia I"#ectio"s
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Seborrheic dermatitis
Dandruff • Affect the scalp! face! eyebrows! ears and
upper trun,
-atches of s,in infected with M. furfur fluorescepale green when e)posed to V light (/01 nm#
'reatment with antifungal imidazoles
+etoconazole shampoos
2inc pyrithione Selenium sulfide lotions
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(ity$iasis 3ti"ea4
+e$sicolo$
'he most common form of
the disease seen inCaucasians showing
typical hyperpigmented
lesions on the trun,.
Cuta"eous a"d Subcuta"eous Mycoses
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• Ac*ui$ed t!$u t$auma a"d $emai" locali.ed
• &u"gi i"+ol+ed a$e commo" soil sa$obes
• I"#ectio"s $e*ui$es t$aumatic i"t$oductio" o#
#u"gal eleme"ts be"eat! t!e oute$% dead laye$s o#
s5i"
• C!$omoblastomycosis a"d (!aeo!y!omycosis
• Mycetomas
• So$ot$ic!osis
C!$omoblastomycosis a"d (!aeo!y!omycosis
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• Caused by dematiaceous 3da$5-igme"ted4 #u"gi
• > ascomycetes cause C!$omoblastomycosis;
– Fonsecaea pedrosoi
– F. compacta
– Phialophora verrucosa – Cladophialophora carrionii
• > ascomycetes cause (!aeo!y!omycosis
C!$omoblastomycosis a"d (!aeo!y!omycosis
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• > ascomycetes cause (!aeo!y!omycosis
– Alternaria
– Exophiala – Wangiella
– Cladophialophora
• C!$omoblastomycosis – Small% itc!y but ai"less% scaly lesio"s o" s5i"
su$#ace
– ($og$essi+ely ,o$se"% la$ge% #lat to t!ic5% toug!
a"d ,a$tli5e – Become tumo$li5e % #ib$osis
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Mycetomas
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• Tumo$li5e i"#ectio" o# t!e s5i"% #ascia a"dbo"es
o# !a"ds o$ #eet
• By mycelial #u"gi o# se+e$al ge"e$a ascomycota
– Madurella Pseudallescheria E1ophiala a"d
!cremonium
• &ou"d i" soil% i"t$oduced i"to !uma" +ia $ic5
,ou"ds a"d sc$aes by t,igs% t!o$"s o$
co"tami"ated lea+es
Mycetomas
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• &o$matio" o# small% !a$d% subsu$#ace
"odules - ,o$se" a"d s$ead
• &u"gal g$a"ules 3so$es a"d #u"gal
eleme"ts4
• T$eatme"t i"+ol+es su$gical $emo+al o#mycetoma
• Se+e$e cases i"+ol+e amutatio" o# a"
i"#ected limb
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So$ot$ic!osis
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• Rose-ga$de"e$Hs disease• Sporothri1 schenc2ii
– )imo$!ic ascomycete
• Soil a"d i"t$oduced by t!o$" $ic5s o$ ,ood
sli"te$s
• &i'ed cuta"eous so$ot$ic!osis
• Lym!o-cuta"eous so$ot$ic!osis
• &u"gus $emai"s $est$icted to subcuta"eous
tissues a"d does "ot e"te$ blood
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So$ot$ic!osis
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&u"gal I"to'icatio" < Alle$gies
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To'icosis;
• Mycoto'icosis – Eati"g #ood co"tami"ated ,it! #u"gal to'i"s
• T!e #u"gus itsel# "ot $ese"t
• Mycetismus – Mus!$oom oiso"i"g #$om i"gestio" o#
#u"gus
&u"gal I"to'icatio" < Alle$gies
Mycoto'icoses
&u"gal I"to'icatio" < Alle$gies
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Mycoto'icoses
• Mycoto'i"s – I" #ood c$os – Mil5 #$om co, – Lo"g-te$m i"gestio" ca" cause li+e$
a"d 5id"ey damage o$ ca"ce$ • A#lato'i"s
– ($oduced by !spergillus – &atal to ma"y +ete$b$ates – Ca$ci"oge"ic – Li+e$ damage a"d li+e$ ca"ce$
Mycetismus
&u"gal I"to'icatio" < Alle$gies
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Mycetismus
• Some oiso" cause "ue$ological
dys#u"ctio"% !alluci"atio"s% o$ga"
damage o$ deat!
• Toadstools
• deat! ca mus!$oom
– !manita phalloides
Mycetismus
&u"gal I"to'icatio" < Alle$gies
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Mycetismus
/ olyetide to'i"s;
• (!allidi" – I$$e+e$sibly bi"ds acti"
,it!i" cells
• al!a-ama"iti" – I"!ibits mRNA sy"t!esis
• li+e$ damage
Alle$gies to #u"gi
&u"gal I"to'icatio" < Alle$gies
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Alle$gies to #u"gi
• &u"gal alle$ge"s – $oducts o# #u"gus 3$otei" o$ glyco$otei"s4
t!at elicit !ye$se"siti+ity $eactio"s
•
Tye I !ye$se"siti+ity – IgE bi"ds alle$ge"s @ t$igge$ ast!ma% ,ate$yeyes a"d "ose
• Tye III !ye$se"siti+ity
– C!$o"ic i"!alatio" o# a$ticula$ #u"gal alle$ge"s