fld<U fldgqfõ we;s ckdêm;s ukaÈrh' ±kg jir foishhlg;a wêl ld,hla wLKavj furg rdcH kdhlhdf.a ks< ksjihs' f.dvke.s,a,la jqj o fï ukaÈrh tla ,kafoais wdKavqldrjrhl=g o ì%;dkH wdKavqldrjre ;sia fofkl=g o Y%S ,dxlsl wdKavqldrjre fofofkl=g o ckdêm;sjre y;a fofkl=g o fijk ie,iQfha muKla fkdj Tjqfkdjqkaf.a fndfyda lghq;= fjkqfjka Èßh fijk ÿkafka h’

fld<U msysá ±kg zckdêm;s ukaÈrhZ kñka ye¢kafjk ckdêm;sjrhdf.a

ks, ksjdih bÈ lr we;af;a ,kafoais md,k iufha § h' 18 jk ishjfia §

w¢kq ,enQ m<uq fld<U is;shfï o bÈßmi fldä lKqjla isgjd we;s uqyqo

foig uqyqKÆ i|¿;,hla iys; Oj, j¾K f.dvke.s,a,la olakg we;' ta

j;auka ckdêm;s ukaÈrhhs'

j;auka ckdêm;s ukaÈrh msysgqjd we;s N+ñfha ñka fmr

f.dvke.s,a,la ;snQ nj i|yka' th Ydka; *%ekaisia m,a,shhs' fuu

foajia:dkh wdikakfha lk;a;la o mej;shd' fld<U r|jd isá fodka cqjka

O¾umd, rcq wdodykh lr we;af;a o fï wdikak N+ñfha §' ,kafoais md,k

iufha § mej;s mDÓ.Sis m,a,sh ,kafoais m,a,shla njg m;ajqKd' miqj fuu

f.dvke.s,a, lvd bj;a lr we;s w;r wdikak N+ñhl kj m,a,shla bÈlr

we;af;a 1757 § fjd,afjkavd,a foajia:dkh kñka' 1883 § muK Y%Su;a wd;¾

f.d¾âka úiska fuys Wµdkhla lrjd ;sfnkjd' wo o th f.d¾âka

Wµdkh kñka y÷kajhs'

furgg meñKs ,kafoais wdKavqldr fcrdâ jeka wï.,aîla

miqld,Skj fuu N+ñfha ysñldÍ;ajh ,nd .;a;d' 1794 - 1796 jljdkqfõ

furg ,kafoais wdKavqldrjrhd jQ

T y q ú i s k a b È l < k j

f.dvke.s,a, zwdKavqldr ukaÈrhZ

kñk a ye¢k aj qKd ' we;eï

jd¾;djkag wkqj weï.,aîla fuys

ñh hk f;lau Ôj;aj ;sfnkjd'

kuq;a we;eï jd¾;d lshd isákafka

Tyq h<s ishrg .sh njhs' flfia

kuq;a Tyqf.ka miq ish ñKsìßhg

fuys ysñldÍ;ajh mjrd ;sfnkjd'

weï., aîl a ñKsìßh

ì%;dkH isú,a fiajlhl= jQ fcda¾

fu,aúka f,ia,s iu. újdy ù

;sfnkjd' f,ia, sf. a u qo, a

.KqfoKqjl a iïnkaOfhka

Woa.;jQ .eg¨jl wjika m%;sM,h

jQfha ovhla f,i mjqï oi oyila

rchg f.jk f,i ksfhda.

lsÍuhs' tu ovfha Khg ys,õ

f,i ;u ìß|g whs;s fuu

f.dvke.s,a, rchg mjrd §ug

Tjqka ;SrKh l<d' fuu fhdackdj

ms<s.;a Y%Su;a f*ä%la fkda¾;a

ì%;dkH wdKavqldrjrhd fuu

f.dvke.s,a,g mjqï 8"700 l

,xiqjla bÈßm;a l<d' ta wkqj"

f,ia,sf.a ovhg ys,õ f,i 1804

fld<U ckdêm;s ukaÈrh

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ckjdß 17 jeksod weï.,aîla ukaÈrh ì%;dkH

rchg mjrd § ;sfnkjd'

ukaÈrh rchg mjrd .;a Y%Su;a fkda¾;a

wdKavqldrjrhd fuys jdih l< njg b;sydifha

idlaIs fkdue;' Tyqf.a ks< ksji ù we;af;a

j;auka kd.,kaùÈfha we;s f.dvke.s,a,ls' fuu

ukaÈrhg meñKs m<uq ì%;dkH wdKavqldrjrhd

jkafka Y%Su;a f;duia fuÜ,kaâ h' bkslaì;af;a

ì%;dkH wdKavqldrjre ;sia fofkl=g ksjyk jQ

fuu ukaÈrh ta iEu flfkla úiska u jdf.a l=uk

fyda ms<silr lsÍulg ,la lf<a h' ta w;r Y%Su;a

frdnÜ fydaÜka iy Y%Su;a fcdaka wekav¾ika lemS

fmfka'

ckm;s ueÿf¾ wisßh

fcdydka fcrdâ jeka weka.,aîla,kafoais

wdKavqldr ^1794 - 1796&

04

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wdKavqldr ukaÈrh f,i Ndú; jQ fuu ukaÈrh 1830 § rc f.or njg m;a úh' bka wk;=rej úlafgdaßhd /ðkf.a md,k iufha § /ðk ukaÈrh jQ fuu ukaÈrh h<s;a rc f.or njg kï ù t,sin;a /ðk ì%;dkH lsÍgfha Tgqkq me<|ùfuka miq /ðk ukaÈrh njg m;a úh'

fld<U ckdêm;s ukaÈrh tkñka yeÈkaùu wdrïN jQfha 1972 jif¾ isghs' fuu ye¢kaùu ,eîu o tla ffofjdam.; isoaêhls' m<uq ckrc jHjia:dfjka 1972 § m<uq jrg furg rdcH kdhl;ajh orkakd ckdêm;sjrhd f,i kï lf<a h' ta wkqj tf;la wdKavqldrOqrh ±rE ú,shï f.dm,a,j ue;s;=ud tÈk WoEik wjÈ jQfha furg wjika wdKavqldrjrhd f,ihs' ysre fkdnisk wêrdcHfha lsÍgh udre fjk ysi .eyeKq o msßñ o hkak u; rc f.or o /ðk ksji o hkqfjka ;u ku l,ska l,g fjkia jQ fuu ukaÈrhg /ðk ksji f,i ysre Wodjk wjika Èkh o th úh' fmjre 8'45 muK jk úg tf;la wdKavqldrjr ú,shï f.dm,a,j ue;s;=ud w.úksiqre fyau niakdhl

uy;d bÈßfha ,xldfõ m<uq ckdêm;sjrhd f,i Èjqreï § wiqka .kakd úg u /ðk ukaÈrfha t ku .e,ù ckdêm;s ukaÈrh hk ku we,jqfKa h'

1972 jif¾ isg ìysjQ ckdêm;sjre y;a fokdu fuu ukaÈrh ish ks< ksji f,i Ndú; lr we;' 1978 § úOdhl ckdêm;sl%uh wdrïN ùfuka miq o ckdêm;sjrhdf.a uQ,ia: ks< ksji f,i fuka u ckdêm;s ld¾hd,h yereKq úg rdcldÍ uOHia:dkhla f,i o Ndú; lrhs'

ukaÈrfha fijk ,enQ kdhlfhda

uq,a ysñlre ̂ 1794 - 1796&fcdydka fcrdâ jeka weka.,aîla ̂,&

rcf.or yd /ðkksji Y%Su;a f;dauia fuÜ,kaâY%Su;a frdnÜ n%jqkaß.aY%Su;a tâjâ mecÜY%Su;a tâj¾â ndkaiaY%Su;a frdn¾Ü fyda¾ÜkaiagqjÜ uelekaiSfld,ska leïn,a

úkaikaÜ fgdßkagkaY%Su;a fcdarÊ wekav¾ikaY%Su;a fykaß fjda¾âY%Su;a pd,aia ueld;sY%Su;a y¾lshq,sia frdìkaikaY%Su;a ú,shï f.%.ßY%Su;a ú,shï f,dkavkaY%Su;a wd;¾ f.da¾âkaY%Su;a wd;¾ yeõf,dlaY%Su;a fcdima fjiaÜ ßÊfõY%Su;a fykaß íf,alaY%Su;a fykaß uel,ïY%Su;a frdnÜ ld,au¾iaY%Su;a fcdaka wekav¾ikaY%Su;a ú,shï uekskaY%Su;a pd,aia la,s*¾âY%Su;a y¾nÜ iaeka,sY%Su;a .%eyeï f;dïikaY%Su;a tâj¾â iagíiaY%Su;a wekaavD le,aäfldÜY%Su;a fykaß fïika uqj¾úkaikaÜ fida,anß idñY%Su;a T,sj¾ .=K;s,lú,shï f.dm,a,j

ckdêm;s ukaÈrhú,shï f.dm,a,jcQkshia ßp¾â chj¾OkrKisxy fm%auodiäx.sß nKavd úfÊ;=x.pkaøsld nKavdrKdhl l=udr;=x.m¾is ufyakaø rdcmlaIffu;%Smd, isßfiak

/ðk ukaÈrhg br mdhdckm;s ueÿrg br uqÿka fjhs

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fuu ukaÈrh woaor úYd, kq. .ila fõ' uy kq. .i .ek l;d fkdlr fld<U ckdêm;s ukaÈrh .ek l;d l< fkdyels ;rug u fuu kq. .i fuu ukaÈrh yd ne£ mj;shs' fuu kq. .i frdamKh lr we;af;a 1895 - 1903 ld,fha furg ì%;dkH ksfhdað; wdKavqldr Y%Su;a fcdaima fjiaÜ ßÊfõf.a wd¾hdj úisks' úlafgdaßhd /ðk rdcH;ajhg meñK 25 jirla msÍu ksñ;af;ka mej;s ߧ cqì,s ieurefï § 1897 cQks 25 jeks od fuu kq. .i frdamKh lr we;' 1897 cQ,s 1 jeksod isf,daka fï,a mqj;amf;a m, jQ jd¾;djl ±lafjkafka /ðk ukaÈr Wµdkfha isgjQ w¨;a uy kq. me<h wi,g /iajQ ishh blaujQ msßila .S .hñka" k¾;kfha fhfoñka úfkdao ù úlafgdaßhd /ðkf.a rdcH;ajfha ߧ cqì,sh ieurE njhs'

1902 cQks 25 jeksodg fhÿKq úlafgdaßhd /ðkf.a moúm%dma;sfha 30 jeks ieureu fjkqfjka furgg f.k wd úlafgdaßhd /ðkf.a ms<srejla o ukaÈrh msysá f.da¾âka Wµdkfha msysgqjd we;'

fld<U ckdêm;s ukaÈrh

06

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ckm;s ueÿf¾ wisßh

07

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ks¾udKlrKh

08

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uykqjr ckdêm;s ukaÈrh

Y%S úl%u rdcisxy rcq úiska t oji m;a l< m<uq wÈldrï fofokd jQ ms<su;,õfõ iy weyef,afmd< hk whg rcq úiska rc ud,s.hg kqÿßka j,õ folla ;kjd ÿkafka h' ms<su;,õfõ uy wÈldrï hkq Tgqkq fkdm<ka rcq hk wkaj¾: kdufhka ye¢kajQfha h' rcqf.a úYajdijka; u ysff;Yshl= jQ ms<su;,õfõ miq lf<l Y%s úl%u rdcisxy rcqg tfrys úh' wo uykqjr ckdêm;s ukaÈrh f,i Ndú; lrñka isákafka ta ms<su;,õfõ uy wÈldruf.a ms<su;,õfõ j,õj h'1815 § Wvrg bx.%SiSkag hg;a ùfuka miq mqoa.,sl foam, rchg mjrd .ekSfï m%;sm;a;sh u; 1818 § muK ms<su;,õfõ j,õj o ì%;dkHhka úiska rchg mjrd .;af;a h'

1818 jk úg furg wdKavqldr tâjâ ndkaia m<uq jrg ms<su;,õfõ j,õj wdKavqldrjrhdf.a ks< ksji f,i ms<su;,õfõ j,õj Ndú;hg f.k we;' tu Ndú;h;a iu. f.dvke.s,a, ;jÿrg;a mq¿,aj bÈlsÍug;a kjdx. Tl;= lsÍug;a m shjr f.k we; ' n dk ai a wdKavqldrjrhd úiska mjqï 13"000 la

jeh fldg fuu f.dvke.s,a, ixj¾Okh l< nj Wvrg m%fõKsh kï lD;sfha i|yka h' tys§ bxðfkarejreka f,i rdclSh yuqod bxðfkare wxYfha ¨;s;ka l¾k,a n%jqka iy ¨;s;ka fmdama úiska jev wëlaIKh lr we;'

1820 oYlfha furg fiajh l< Y%Su;a fykaß pd,aia úiska ,xldj iy isxy,fhda lD;sfha 70 jeks msgqfjys fufia ,shd we;"zWIaK l,dmhg .e,fm k wkaoñka bvlv yd myiqlï iys;j ish¨ wxf.damdx.hkaf.ka iqieÈj bÈlr we;s tu f.dvke.s,a, .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh w;ska úÑ;% h' fuys

.Dfydaµdkh o l÷lrh foig úysfok fyhska ÿïnr ñáhdj;;a ta ueÈka we§ hk kÈh;a tla fldg fidnd oyu úiska ujk ,o w dl¾Yk Sh o¾Ykh fuy s isákafkl=f.a fk;a is;a mskd hhs'Z

ú,auÜ fydagka wdKavqldrjrhd úiska ;j ;j;a w,xldr l< uykqjr wdKavqldr ks< ksji woaoßka k.r uOHfha msysá Wvj;a; lef,a fj; ud¾.hla idojd thg fydagka wd¾hdjf.a ku fhdÿfõ h'

miq lf<l wdKavqldr ks< ksji hk ku fjkqjg rc f.or hk Ndú; lsÍu wdrïN l< w;r úlafgdaßhd uy /ðk ì%;dkHfha § Tgqkq me<£u;a iu. fuu ukaÈrh o /ðk ukaÈrh f,i kï flßKs' miqj h<s;a th rc f.or njg m;a ù t,sin;a uy /ðk rdcH;ajhg m;a ùfuka miq /ðk ukaÈrh hk kñka ye¢kaùug lghq;= lr we;' fuh ms<su;,õfõ j,õj jqj o wo jk úg úúo ngysr .Dy ks¾udK ,laIKhka Bg tl;= ùfuka kùk f.dvke.s,a,la ;rug u ÈhqKq ;;a;ajhg m;aj ;sfí' uykqjrg meñfKk rdc;dk a; % slh sk a lsisfjla rc f.org f.dv fkdù wdmiq meñKs njla olakg ke;' o<od fyaúis wefik udkfha isg 09

m<u

q mqrj

eis u

eÿre

mqrd

Kh

l÷ mka;sh w;ßka br neihk wmQrej ±l n,d .ekSug tys .sh ish,af,da m%sh lr;s'

1944 § fojk f,dal hqoaO iufha § w.aksÈ. wdishdkq l,dmSh ñ;% yuqod wK fokakd jQ woañrd,a ¨úia ujqkaÜnegka tys isg wK ÿka nj o lshfõ'

uykqjr rc ùÈfha jecfUk fuu f.dvke.s,a, iïmQ¾Kfhka u ckdêm;s ks< ksjila njg m;a jkafka 1978 § muK h' 1972 § isg u ckdêm;sjrhd uykqjr .sh úg rdcldÍ lghq;= fufyhùu i|yd o kej;S isàu i|yd o fuu f.dvke.s,a, Ndú; lr we;' kuq;a" 1978 ka miq fuu .f.dvke.s,a, ckdêm;s ks< ksji f,i iaÒr Ndú;h wdrïN úh'

uykqjr ueÿr

10

ck

dêm;

s udO

H w

xYh

kqjrt<sh ckdêm;s ukaÈrh

kqjrt<sfha msysá ckdêm;s ukaÈrh f.%.ß wdKavqldr md,k iufha § bÈjQjls' ta wkqj 1892 § muK Tyq tys mÈxÑhg .sh nj o lshfõ' fuys bÈlsÍï iïmQ¾Kfhka u ì%;dkH .Dy ks¾udKlrKh wkqj bÈ ù ;sîu úfYaI;ajhls' óg fya;=j jkafka th bx.%Sis md,k iufha bÈùu h'

19 jk ishjfia w.Nd.fha isg furg isá ish¨u wdKavqldrjreka fuu ukaÈrh ks< ksjila f,i Ndú; lr we;' 1948 ka miq w.ue;sjrhd o ;u rdcldÍ lghq;= fjkqfjka o ixpdrhka w;r;=r kjd;eka .ekSu i|yd o fuu ukaÈrh Ndú; lr we;' 1972 ka miq isá ish¨u ckdêm;sjreka fuu ukaÈrfha § rdcldÍ lghq;= isÿlr we;'

furg § Èjx.; jQ tlu wdKavqldrjrhd f,i ie,flk Y%Su;a fcdaka wekav¾ika ureuqjg m;ajQfha o fuys§ h' ta 1918 ud¾;= ui 24 jeks od hs' tfia u" 1947 § furgg meKjQ m<uq wdKavql%u jHjia:dj ì%;dkH fjkqfjka m;aj wd kS;s f,alï ndlaf,a ksyS,a iy w.úksiqre Y%Su;a frdnÜ fâ%gka úiska wkqu; lr we;af;a o fuys§ nj i|yka fõ' 1953 foieïn¾ ui 31 jeks od ckrd,a Y%Su;a fcdaka fld;,dj, ue;s;=udf.a m %Odk;ajfhka úfYaI wud;H uKav, /iaùula o fuys mj;ajd ;sfí'

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.re ffu;%Smd, hdmd isßfiak ue;s;=ud Y%S ,xld m%cd;dka;%sl iudcd§ ckrcfha 7 jk ckdêm;sjrhd h’

1951 iema;eïn¾ 3 jeks od Wmka Tyq hdka;ñka 16 jeks imqrK úgu jdujd§ foaYmd,k jHdmdrhka yd iïnkaO fjñka foaYmd,hg w;afmd;a ;enqfõ h' 1967 § Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaI idudðl;ajh ,nd.;a Tyq fmdf<dkakrej ue;sjrK fldÜGdYfha ;reK ixúOdk f,alïOqrhg m;afjñka l%shdldÍ foaYmd,kfha lemS fmfkk .uka u. weröh' ta jk úg;a Tyq fm df< dk akr ej r dcl S h úµd,fh a YsIHfhls' hdka;ï úis jeks úh imqrK úg" 1971 § ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK fufyhjQ 71

ckm;s ffu;%S

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s udO

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xYh

le/,af,a iellrejl= f,i mokï úrys; fpdaokd u; nkaOkd.dr.; ùug o isÿ úh'

1974 § iuQmdldr ks<Odßhl= f,i o 1976 § .%du ks<OdÍjrhl= f,i o ish jD;a;Sh Ôú;h werUQ ffu;%Smd, isßfiak ;reKhd 1977 ue;sjrKfha § fmdf<dkakrej wdikfha mlaI f,alïjrhd njg m;aúh' wdKavq udrefjka miq È.ska È.gu t,a, jk flfKfy<slï yuqfõ 1978 § Tyq .%du ks<OdÍ /lshdjg iuq ÿkafka h' 1979 jif¾ § fmdf<dkakrej Èia;%sla Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaI f,alïOqrhg meñKs Tyq h<s;a tu jif¾ § isr.; lrkafka ysgmq w.ue;s isßudfjda nKavdrKdhl ue;sKshf.a whs;sjdislï fjkqfjka fmkS isàfï jrog hs'

1980 § fmdf<dk akrej Èi a; % sl a ixúOdhljrhd f,i m;a jQ ffu;%Smd, isßfiak uy;d tu jif¾ § reishdfõ

uelaisï f.da¾ls welvñfhka foaYmd,k úµd ämaf,daudjla ,nd .;af;a h' ye,yemamSï u; isÿjqKq 80 oYlfha Y%S , x l d k s o y i a m l a I foaYmd,kh ;=< fkdìhj yd fk di e, S / £ i s áñk a foaYmd,kfha bjiSu m%.=K l< Tyq 1989 § m<uq jrg fmdf,dkakrej Èia;%slalh k s f h d a c k h l r ñ k a md¾,sfïka;=jg f;aÍ m;a úh' túg Tyq 38 jeks úfhys miqúh’

1989 isg 1994 olajd úmlaI uka;%Sjrhl= jQ ffu;%Smd, isßfiak uy;d 1994 fmdÿ fmruqKq wdKavqfõ ksfhdacH wud;Hjrhl= njg m;a úh' bka jir ;=kla f.jqKq ;ek" 1997 § Tyq m<uq jrg furg leìkÜ wud;Hjrhl= f,i ysgmq ckdêm;s pkaøsld nKavdrKdhl l=udr;=x. ue;sKsh bÈßfha Èjqreï ÿkakd' 2000 jif¾ § ;u mlaIfha Wm iNdm;sOqrhg;a 2001 § mlaI uyf,alï f,i;a m;a jQ ffu;%Smd, isßfiak

uy;d tu mlaIfha È.=ld,Sk u uyf,alïjrhd o fõ'

2015 ckdêm;sjrKhg bÈßm;a ùu i|yd 2014 fkdjeïn¾ 21 jeks od kj m%cd;dka;%jd§ mlaIh u.ska úmlaIfha fmdÿ wfmalaIlhd njg m;a jk úg" uyje,s" lDIsl¾u" fi!LH" rcrg ixj¾Ok" jdßud¾. wd§ wud;HxY .Kkdjl u weu;sjrhd f,i lghq;= lr yi, m<mqreoaola we;s foaYmd,k{hl= njg m;a úh' ta ksid u furg ck;djf.a ,laI yeg follg wêl msßila Tyq flfrys úYajdih ;nd furg 6 jk úOdhl ckdêm;sjrhd f,i m;a lrkq ,eî h'

ckdêm;sOqrhg m;a isõuila ;=< úOdhl ckdêm;sl%uh wfydais lsÍu" cd;sl fi!LH m%;sm;a;shla meKùu"z ÿïjeá yd u;aøjH j,ska mqrjeishd uqojd .ekSu" h<s;a foaYh lDIsl¾udka;fhka fmdaIs; rdcHhla njg m;a l sÍu" foaYmd,k{hskag yd furg fo aYmd,khg kj YS,dpdr ixialD;shla y÷kajd§u" mlaI ú m l a I i s h ¨ f o k d f . a iyfhda.fhka rdcH md,kh fufyhjñka rg bÈßhg f.khdu jeks m%.;sYs,S fufyjr .Kkdjla fjk q fjk a ck dêm; s jrh d lemùfuka yd úfgl Èúysñfhka o lghq;= lrñka isáhs'

f.dú f.oßkarc f.org

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tod fuod ;=r ckm;sjre

ú,shï f.dm,a,j ue;s;=ud ̂ 1972-1977&

1962 ud¾;= 2 jeks od f;la wdKavqldr Oqrh ±rE Y%su;a *%ekaisia fud,uqf¾ ue;s;=udf.a wkqm%dma;slhd f,i m;a jQ ú,shï f.dm,a,j ue;s;=ud furg wjika wdKavqldrjrhd o fõ' 1972 jHjia:dfjka msysgjkq ,enQ kj ;k;=r jk ckdêm;sOqrfha Tyq Èjqreï ÿkafka 1972 uehs 22 jeksod h' jir 5 l ld,hla Oqrh ±rE Tyq i¾jck Pkaon,h ,xldjg ysñ jQ wjÈfha isg u l%shdldÍ foaYmd,kfha ksr; jQ furg fcHYaG foaYmd,k{fhls'

rKisxy fm%auodi ue;s;=ud ̂ 1989-1993&

1989 § ckdêm;sOqrhg m;a jQ wd¾' fm%auodi ue;s;=ud 1993 uehs 1 jeksod ;%ia;jd§ m%ydrhg ,laj ureuqjg m;a úh' Tyq 1978 jif¾ isg jir 11 la w.%dud;HOqrh ±Í h' furg idudkH mjq,lska ìys jQ m<uq ckdêm;sjrhd f,i o Tyq ie,flkjd' tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfha kdhlhd f,i ckdêm;sjrKhg ;r. l< Tyq tys§ f,dj m<uq w.%dud;H isßudfjda nKavdrKdhl ue;sKsh mrdchg m;a lsÍug iu;a úh'

cQkshia ßpâ chj¾Ok ue;s;=ud ̂ 1978-1989&

Y%S ,xldfõ m<uq úOdhl ckdêm;sjrhd jkafka kS;S{ fÊ' wd¾' chj¾Ok ue;s;=ud h' 1977 § w.%dud;HOqrhg m;a jQ t;=ud 1978 fmnrjdß ui 4 jeksod ckdêm;sOqrhg m;aúh' Tyq jir 11 la tu Oqrh ±Íh' fuu Oqrld,h ;=< furg fojk ckrc wdKavql%u jHjia:dj iïmdokh fldg iïu; ùu jeo.;a lreKls' fÊ' wd¾' chj¾Ok ue;s;=ud 1970-77 md¾,sfïka;=fõ úmlaI kdhljrhd jQ w;r bka fmr furg úúO lafIaia;%hkays wud;HOqr o ord ;sfnkjd'

14

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dêm;

s udO

H w

xYh

tod fuod ;=r ckm;sjre

äx.sß nKavd úfÊ;=x. ue;s;=ud ̂ 1993-1994&

1993 uehs 1 jeks od ckdêm;s rKisxy fm%auodi ue;s;=ud ;%ia;jd§ fndaïn m%ydrhlska >d;khg ,la ùfuka miq jHjia:dfjka mKjd we;s n,;, m%ldrj ckdêm;sOqrhg m;a úh' Tyq tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh ksfhdackh lrñka l%shdldÍ foaYmd,kfha kshe,sKs' tu mlaIfhka m;a jQ ;=kajk ckdêm;sjrhd jkafka o Tyqhs'

m¾is ufyakaø rdcmlaI ue;s;=ud ̂ 2005-2015&

m¾is ufyakaø rdcmlaI ue;s;=ud" 6 jk ckdêm;sjrhd f,i m;a jQfha 2005 fkdjeïn¾ uihs' tf;la Tyq 2004 jif¾ § n,hg m;a tlai;a ck;d ksoyia ikaOdk rcfha w.%dud;Hjrhd f,i lghq;= lf<a h' 2005 § iy 2010 § furg ckdêm;sjrhd f,i f;aÍ m;a ù 2015 ckjdß 8 jeks od mej;s ckdêm;sjrKfhka mrdchg m;ajqKd'

pkaøsld nKavdrKdhl l=udr;=x. ue;sKsh ̂ 1994-2005&

1994 § iy 1999 jif¾ § uyck Pkaofhka ckdêm;sOqrhg m;a weh 2005 jif¾ § úY%du .shd' Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh ksfhdackh lrñka ckdêm;sOqrhg m;a m<uq ksfhdað;hd jQ weh tu mlaIfha ks¾ud;D tia' ví,sõ' wd¾' ã' nKavdrKdhl ue;s;=udf.a iy f,dj m<uq w.ue;skS isßudfjda nKavdrKdhl ue;sKshf.a ÈhKshhs'

m%ldYkhckdêm;s udOH wxYh

ixialrKhNdr; f;kakfldaka