Future Directions in Wireless –From Information Technology to

Societal Impact

Future Directions in Wireless –From Information Technology to

Societal Impact

Televic 60th Anniversary – September 15, 2006

Jan M. Rabaey, Donald O. Pederson Distinguished Professor

Co-Director, Berkeley Wireless Research CenterDirector, Gigascale Systems Research Center

Department of EECS, University of California, Berkeley

http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu

60 Years of Technology Development

A world of differencein the wireless arena

Wireless – What Comes Into Mind

A Remarkable Run Indeed

So … What is Next?

850 Million Cell Phones Shipped in 2005! (1/8 of world population)

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

46

57

67

85

2005

Ubiquitous Data Wireless Gaining Momentum

miles2-10Metropolitan and Wide Area Networks (4G?)

mile10 (mobile)WIMAX

10011-108WIFI (802.11abgn)

10100-500Ultra Wide Band

1001-2Blue Tooth

Range (Meters)

Data Rate (Mb/sec)

Technology

The New Future of Wireless

Value is in ad-hoc connection of elements, not in individual components (…)

Photos

An explosion of input, output, storage

and processing devices

Ubiquitous Wireless Connectivity

Ubiquitous Wireless Connectivity - A Fundamental Development

• All electronic components (appliances, gadgets, etc) of the future WILL support some type(s) of wireless connectivity

– Avoid the cost of wiring

– Easier deployment and expansion

– Enable mobility – no more “men on a leash”

– Enable “collaborative” paradigms

• The number of components connected this way will by ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE exceed the number of cell phones!

Year

log

(p

eop

le p

er c

om

pu

ter)

Meaning in the Device

Meaning in the Connection

Meaning in the Collection

A Fundamental Change In The World of Computation

Courtesy: R. Newton

1940’s 2000’s

Why now? Electronics Becoming Smaller and Cheaper

Moore’s law and cost

Moore’s law and size

Leading to System Miniaturization

System-on-a-Chip/in-a-Package enabling True System Integration

“smart dust”

Further Miniaturization Enables The Next Big Leap

Philips “sand” modules

“mm3 radio transmitter” (UCB)

Ultra-small energy self-contained sense, computeand communicate nodes (< cm3, < 1$, zero-power)

Wireless Sensor Networks

UC Berkeley PicoCube

Creating a Turning Point for Information Technology

• Conventional Model of Information Technology

Automate Work, Improve Productivity

(main-frame and desktop computers, “productivity”software, wireless voice and data, even the internet)

• The Emerging Model

Inspire People, Address Societal Problems

(Sources: CITRIS, Hitachi, …)

The “Ambient Intelligence” Concept

An environment

where technology is embedded, hidden in the background

that is sensitive, adaptive, and responsive to the presence of people and objects

that augments activities through smart non-explicit assistance

that preserves security, privacy and trustworthiness while utilizing information when needed and appropriate

Fred Boekhorst, Philips, ISSCC02

From Download-Rich to "Upload-Rich"

Data Flow

Conventional (Web)

SensorSensor DisplayDisplayControlControl

Hereafter

Leading to a New Internet

Courtesy: Kazuo Yano, Hitachi Source: K. Yano, Hitachi

The Opportunities are Just Humongous

CITRISUniversity of California

EducationEducation

Emergency Preparedness Emergency Preparedness & Defense against Terror& Defense against Terror

Energy EfficiencyEnergy Efficiency

Environmental MonitoringEnvironmental Monitoring

Health CareHealth Care

Service to the Third World Service to the Third World Using ITUsing IT

TransportationTransportation

The “Smart” Home — A Prime Target

• Multimedia delivery• Security• Environment control• Energy management• Object tracking/inventory• Advanced user interfaces• Sense of presence and space

The “Ambient Intelligent” Home as the (a)Future of WirelessInfrastructure

A multimedia environment that• adapts to capabilities at hand• is aware of space and topology• is intuitive and self-configuring

Courtesy: Fred Boekhorst, Philips

Jan’s Conjecture: Wireless Bandwidth will be Free!

Improved spectral efficiencyMIMO to the rescue (802.11n)

New frequency realms4 to 7 Ghz available at 60 GHzPossible in today's CMOS!

Spectrum recyclingaka “Cognitive radio”Temporarily re-use idle spectrum

The Consumer World is Taking Notice

Canon Wireless Camera

Sony Wireless Speakers(900 MHz)

Philips 802.11 TV Tuner

NE

C 3

G/8

02.1

1 ce

ll ph

one

Sony 802.11 TV

The Opportunities Go Far Beyond

The Home of Today:A range of wired and wireless networks•Wired voice (traditional telephone)

•Wireless voice (cellular)

•High speed data (cable, DSL)

•Multimedia broadband (cable, satellite, air)

•Multimedia (wired)

•Security (wired, wireless)

•Climate Control (wired)

•Home automation (X10, others)

•Others (e.g. baby monitoring)

All of which are fully disconnected and definitely not interacting!

Demand Response and Energy Management

•

Make energy pricesdependent upon time-of-use• Advanced thermostats operate on required level of comfort, energy cost, weather forecast and distributed measurements to offload peak times• Appliances energy and cost aware

In collaboration with CEC

Cal ISO Daily Peak LoadsJanuary 1, 2000 - December 31, 2000

Jan-0

0Feb

-00

Mar

-00

Apr-00

May

-00

Jun-0

0Ju

l-00

Aug-00

Sep-0

0Oct

-00

Nov-00

Dec-0

0

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

GW

Peak Day August 16 -43.5 GW

Commercial AC

Residential AC

Utility

Pric

e

Ele

ctric

ity

used

Occupancy sensors

Power sensor

Temperature sensors

Power actuators

Price Indicator

Home Layout for HealthCare Delivery (Domotics)

Remote Health Care Monitoring and Delivery

Courtesy:

Step two: miniature monitoring and wireless communications

Glucosesensors

Step one: simple wirelessmonitoring

Wireless ECG

Courtesy: D. Liepmann (UCB) and Card Guard AG

Step three: diagnostics anddrug delivery

Micro-Syringe

The Home Just One Single Reference Point

Industrial Automation

The OfficePublic Service

The Environment

Agriculture, Infrastructure, Heritage, Emergency

Environmental MonitoringCITRIS

University of California

Humidity vs. Time

35

45

55

65

75

85

95

Rel H

um

idity (

%)

101 104 109 110 111

36m

34m30m

20m

10m

Potential Showstoppers

Compatibility and Scalability“nothing talks to anything”

3 4 5 6 GHz Regulations

Potential Showstoppers

Ease of Use and DeploymentReliability

Privacy and Security

All of these are in dire need of innovation and inspiration

What the Distant Future May Still Hold

Artificial Skin

Communication Backplanes Real-time Health Monitoring

Smart Surfaces

Some thoughts

• Advanced information technology + wireless: A great opportunity for a better living and to help tackling some of the world’s largest problems

• Not just technology development as usual – needs collaboration between many partners:

– Government, industry, academics

– Social sciences and technology

– Developing and developed world

• Not technology as usual

Congratulations to Televic for its 60th

Anniversary

Thank you!

You can't suppress creativity, you can't suppress innovation.James Daly