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FutureGen (A US Government Project), Kyoto Protocol, Gasification, In-Situ Coal Gasification, Coal Beneficiation
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Prepared by: Izhar Mithal J iskani – 09 MN 98
FutureGen FutureGen is a US government project announced by President George W. Bush in
2003[; its initial plan involved the construction of a near zero-emissions coal-fueled
power plant to produce hydrogen and electricity while using carbon capture and storage.
n December 2007, Mattoon Township, Coles County, Illinois northwest of Mattoon,
Illinois was chosen as the site for the plant from among four finalists in Illinois and
Texas. On January 29, 2008, the Department of Energy announced a restructuring of the
FutureGen project, which was claimed necessary due to rising costs. In June 2008, the
government announced a call for proposals to elicit commercial involvement in the
restructuring. In 2010, after a number of setbacks, the city of Mattoon backed out of the
project
Kyoto ProtocolThe Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into
force on 16 February 2005. The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to
the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The major feature of the
Under the Protocol, 39 industrialized countries and the European Union commit
themselves to a reduction of four greenhouse gases (GHG) (carbon dioxide, methane,
nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride) and two groups of gases (hydrofluorocarbons and
perfluorocarbons) produced by them, and all member countries give general
commitments. This amount to an average of five per cent against 1990 levels over the
five-year period 2008-2012.
In-Situ Coal Gasification
In-situ means "in place", and refers to recovery techniques at the location of the energy
source (e.g. coal stays in place).
What is Gasification?
Gasification is a commercially proven manufacturing process that converts
carbonaceous materials such as coal into a synthesis gas (syngas). This gas can then
be used as fuel (e.g. for power generation) or further processed to produce other
outputs such as fertilizers and liquid fuels. Gasification is a method for extracting
energy from organic material and is an efficient technology that can produce high value
products from low-value feedstock such as coal.
SOCIETY OF MINING ENGINEERSDepartment of Mining Engineering,
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro
Prepared by: Izhar Mithal J iskani – 09 MN 98
What is In-Situ Coal Gasification (ISCG)?
ISCG is gasification of coal deep underground in its original coal seam. The ISCG
process uses injection and production wells drilled from the surface to access the coal
seam and facilitate the process in-situ. The coal is not extracted to the surface as there is
no coal mine or coal handling facilities with ISCG. Through a high pressure gasification
process, the coal is efficiently converted in-place in its original seam into syngas. The
syngas is flowed to the surface and is then processed in a conventional gas plant to
produce fuel for electrical power generation or used to produce other products.
Beneficiation of Coal Coal is highly variable with respect to the physical and chemical properties that affect its
use. Industries that use coal specify a range of properties that are required for their
intended process. Coal suppliers try to find coals that most closely match those
requirements. Coal is treated in processes called "beneficiation" to prepare a material that
meets the customer's needs and is as homogenous as possible. Samples of coal from both
cores and mines are taken to determine the treatment that must be performed. Preparation
plants that perform specific beneficiation processes are constructed as near as possible to
the location where the coal is mined.
Three kinds of processes may be performed at the plants: (1) sizing, controlled by a
crushing and screening process, (2) increasing heating value, by removing
noncombustible ash and rock by gravity separation, (3) removing or controlling
undesirable mineral and chemical components (sulfur, sodium, and trace elements) by a
combination of gravity separation and blending. Traditionally, most coal preparation was
primarily concerned with sulfur and ash reduction. Today, however, much more
sophisticated processes have more narrow and complex physical and chemical
requirements for coal stock.
SOCIETY OF MINING ENGINEERSDepartment of Mining Engineering,
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro