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G. Christodolou, J. Coleman, J. Tinsley, M. Murdoch, Touramanis, - Liverpool University
C. Metelko - RAL/STFC
MARS --
H. Araujo, Y. Shitov - Imperial College London
G. Barr, M. Haigh, A. Vacheret, A. Weber - Oxford University
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Reactor Monitoring with T2K Technology
AAP 2012 – University of Hawaii
T2K Near Detector – ND280
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T2K-ND280 tracker event
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The ECAL
UK Designed and built T2K-ECal modules
Experience in MPPC testing and calibration (22 000 MPPCs)
Developed and tested T2K electronics
Energy and time calibration for the T2K neutrino oscillation experiments
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DsECal side view after MPPC assembly (photo T. Durkin)
polystyrene with 1% doping with PPO and 0.03% POPOP
Based or inspired by T2K detector technology
Based on cost-effective extruded plastic scintillators & IBD detection techniques
Development
Leverage on T2K neutrino experiment technology development with minimum modification to detector design
MARSa system : Development of demonstrator as complete integrated system using Li6 redesign of electronics and scintillator
Use of extensive know-how from ND280
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Plastic scintillator read out by Y-11 fibre
solid state photon detector (MPPC)
dedicated front-end electronics
The Idea: Leverage £15M STFC project Use T2K technology
for Reactor Monitoring
Replace Calorimeter Lead sheet with Gd2O3 suspended in a Polymer Layer
Exploit Many Man years of developmentAdapt Electronics
Replicate Readout systemScintillator and mechanical
structure from the EcalDevelop MC based on ND280
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Reactor Monitoring with T2K technology Preliminary Detector Design
Use Inverse Beta Decay Signature:Exploit topology as well as delayed
coincidence signatureDetector is highly granular
Robust & Preassembled,Construction UnderwayMC simulation looks very promisingWait for Commissioning & Data..
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Configuring T2K Electronics
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• Adapt ND280 electronics & DAQ to a prototype system.• In Collaboration with RAL
• FPGA based back-end, consisting of:• Read-out Merger Module• Cosmic Trigger Module• Master Clock Module
• HV system in place• Coincidence trigger between
scintillator planes• Leverage T2K configuration and
trigger algorithmsC. Metelko (RAL) in front of DAQ rack with FPN and PS modules
Test bench System
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Front-end Asics • Charge to voltage
conversion• Pipe lined readout• 16 dual gained channels• 4 Asics per TFB board
• Estimated 3000 channel on 48 TFB boards system for Reactor monitor • Space for expansion• Eg ~22K channels running
in parallel• Ready for Installation in
Detector Module
Overview of the system
Read-out MergerModule
Trip-tFrontend Board
Cosmic TriggerModule
MasterClockModule
TFB Integration Cycles
System is dead in the Reset periods
Incomplete Charge Collection at beginning and end of integration cycle
Length up to ~40ns in total, split between beginning and end.
Affects calorimetry, but may be used for particle tagging.
Will want to maximize integration time and minimize reset time
Readout of Neutron event
The Situation as of Today
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Prototyping of systems and electronics components are underway
Commission scaled down system with cosmic rays, and characterize neutron capture capacity
Then test and assemble full detector based upon STFC T2K design. RAL electronics ready and working
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The MARS projectScintillator technology to detect neutrons and antineutrinos
developed at Oxford and Imperial College under the MARS project
IP is protected and already exploited for passive neutron detection
Inspired from large scale neutrino detectors
long experience in Multi-Ton highly segmented scintillator detectors (MINOS & T2K)
Developing detectors for various applications
passive counters (single and multiplicity counting)
spectroscopic and directional applications
antineutrinos (in collaboration with CNRS-Subatech)
Antonin Vacheret <[email protected]>
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MARS-n neutron portal demonstrator
Demonstrated cost-effective replacement of 3He counters for fission neutron detection
6 months project completed last summer
validated performance at NPL
in-house development of electronic front-end
>70% neutron detection efficiency
first neutron detector read out with solid state photosensors
Meet industry sensitivity standards
εn
(cps/ng 252Cf @ 2m) εγ GARRn
2.91 < 10E-6 1.01
Antonin Vacheret <[email protected]>
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MARS-a : a novel approach to measure low energy antineutrinos using segmented plastic scintillators
based on requirements to develop compact and low maintenance antineutrino detector
towards use in reactor monitoring for non-proliferation applications
robust to background by design
clear neutron signature
use Lithium-6 compound
finely segmented volume
localise interaction accurately
target detector is also active veto
flexible and scalable design
compact system with MPPC read out
1.5 m footprint including shielding (1Ton fiducial mass)
10k cubes, 2k channels
e+
n
X read out
Y read out
5 cm5 cm
Antonin Vacheret <[email protected]>
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Neutron detection
High capture efficiency on Lithium-6
signal detection efficiency > 70%
comparable to Helium-3
Very high discrimination between neutron and γ
simple charge cut and pulse properties
γ efficiency : εγ < 10-4
Use neutron signal to trigger read out
X channelY channel
AmBe
neutron signal
EM signal
Antonin Vacheret <[email protected]>
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Positron imaging
High light yield to charged particles
Large E deposit with additional activity from annihilation γs
signal within 15 cm around high hit
topology cut to increase IBD event selection purity
γ
γ
γ
e+
e+
~ 60 PE Ethres 150 keVEres 0.13
Antonin Vacheret <[email protected]>
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Electronics development
MARS antineutrino will use digitiser electronics :
80MS/s to capture signal pulse properties
dead-timeless
no central trigger
DEIMOS front-end board design and testing ongoing
32 channels based on neutron system
largely inspired from T2K front-end board
Digitiser board prototype being assembled
first test this fall
Study of digital pulse processing
Antonin Vacheret <[email protected]>
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MARS summary
important milestone reached with the MARS neutron project
validated neutron technology
extensive know how developed
MARS antineutrino system under development
long period of evaluation and optimisation close to completion
digitiser electronics prototype designed and first test this fall
Seeking Innovation fundings
synergies with neutron systems
competitive technology for Science and applications
short baseline experiment at reactor
Antonin Vacheret <[email protected]>
SummaryTechnology developed and used for T2K is being applied to
antineutrino detection
plastic scintillator approach is safe, cost-effective and allow for good optimisation of performance.
very promising near future route towards compact system
short timescale deployment of a prototype system based on Calorimeter module design
MARS system under development
Primarily, based upon a highly successful STFC funded project and leverages many man hours of Intellectual resources.
Based upon an earth-quake resistant design
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