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MEMORANDUM REPORT ARLCD-MR-78006

PROJECTILE INTERIOR COATING

FOR COMPOSITION B IMPROVEMENT

G. ROBERT SACCO ROCCO MOTTO

TECHNICAL LIBRARY

NOVEMBER 1978

US ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND LARGE CALIBER

WEAPON SYSTEMS LABORATORY DOVER, NEW JERSEY

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE: DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED.

The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Depart- ment of the Army position, policy or decision, unless so designated by other documentation.

Destroy this report when no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator.

The citation in this report of the names of com- mercial firms or commercially available pro- ducts or services does not constitute official endorsement or approval of such commercial firms, products, or services by the United States Government.

ERRATA

MEMORANDUM REPORT ARLCD-MR-78006

PROJECTILE INTERIOR COATING FOR COMPOSITION B IMPROVEMENT

G. Robert Sacco Rocco Motto

November 1978

Ihe AD-B number on this report was assigned incorrectly. The correct number should be changed to AD-E-400 269.

UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Whm Datm BntmrtO)

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1. REPORT NUMBER

ARLCD-MR-78006

2. OOVT ACCESSION NO.

4. TITLE Cand Subtttlt)

Projectile Interior Coating for Composition B Improvement

READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE COMPLETING FORM

3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED

Interim

6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

7. AUTHORf.;

G. Robert Sacco Rocco Motto

8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERfa)

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

Commander, ARRADCOM Applied Science Div, LCWSL Dover. NJ 07801

10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS

612105H840011

II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS

Commander, ARRADCOM STINFO, TSD (DRDAR-TSS) Dover. NJ 07801

12. REPORT DATE

November 1978 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

19 U. MONITORING AGENCY NAME ft AOORESSflf <ll//«r«n( Irooi Conttolltnt OWct) IS. SECURITY CLASS, (of thlm report)

UNCLASSIFIED ISa. DECLASSIFICATION/DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol Ihlm Rtpcrt)

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of Ui* •b.lr.cl tntmrmd In Block 30, It dlllertnt from Report)

IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

19. KEY WORDS (Cenllnum on rarara* aid* l/naeaaaary and tdtntlty by block number)

Adhesive coating Bonding TNT-based explosive Polyurethane

Zinc phosphated steel Adhesion promoters Tensile strength

2Q. AMTNACT (TZoottnue anravaraa aMa * nmtmtmmi mud. Identltr by block number)

A system for coating a projectile interior to provide corrosion protection for the steel and to bond the TNT-based explosive casting to the projectile has been developed. The coating material, which consists of an adhesion promoter combined with a polyurethane, has shown excellent properties in laboratory tests at low, ambient, and high temperatures. The coating is a 50/50 mixture of Estane 5715/VMCH with 1% Epon 828 dissolved in a 50/50 methyl ethyl ketone/methyl iso- butyl ketone solution to give a 20% concentration. The coating material is being

OD | j^Tn 1473 EOfTIOM OF I NOV SS IS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (ilfcan Da(a Entered)

UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE(WhMi Dmlm BntgWg

tested on a pilot plant scale and has been effective in several loading tests performed to date. This coating appears to be sprayable with standard commercial spraying equipment.

UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEfHTien Data Entered)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Discussion

Materials

Page no.

1

Experimental Procedure 2

Tensile Strength of Adhesive-Coating Materials 2 Tensile Strength of Adhesive-Coating Materials with

Comp B 3 Formulation of Preferred Adhesive-Coatinq Materials 3 Split-Shell Test 3

5

Conclusion 5

Distribution List 15

TABLES

No.

1 Tensile strength of adhesive coatings 6

2 Tensile strength of adhesive coating with Comp B 10

3 Tensile strength of selected adhesive coatings with Comp B 13

FIGURE

1 Coupon assembly for tensile test 4

DISCUSSION

In this program, approximately one hundred adhesive-coating materials were evaluated for corrosion protection of steel and for use in bonding TNT-based explosives to the interiors of projectiles. Hot melts and acrylics (with and without plasticizers) were investi- gated, but they did not meet the requirements of the projectile ad- hesive-coating (see tables 1 and 2).

A United Kingdom (UK) technology which uses a paint solution was investigated as a standard for comparison. Since the paint is not readily available in this country, several paints produced in the US similar to the UK sample were ordered and evaluated. These materials were also unsatisfactory (table 2),

Polyurethane polymers supplied by Hooker Chemical, B.F. Goodrich, and Thiokol Chemical were evaluated. Initially, the aliphatic polyurethanes, aromatic-polyester polyurethanes, and polyether polyurethanes supplied were unsatisfactory. The bonds formed with zinc phosphated steel were marginal at best. Adding adhesion promoters to the polyurethanes increased the bond strengths to steel in several samples; however, only one of the polyurethanes, Estane BTIS/VTVICH, met the requirements of bonding to steel and reactivating at the melt temperature of Comp B to form a strong bond at the coating/Comp B interface. The slight solubility of Estane 5715 in TNT enhanced bonding. When Estane 5715 (B.F. Goodrich) and VMCH (Union Carbide Corp.) were combined in a concentration of 50/50 parts by weight (pbw) by dissolving them in ketone solvents, the resulting adhesive-coating had superior pro- perties to the UK coating material (table 3). The combination of Estane 5715/VMCH works in almost all concentrations of from 5-95 pbw. However, the 50-50 concentration was found to give the best overall results for coating, bonding, and ease of applica- tion by spraying.

Tensile strength tests at low (-40oC), ambient (240C), and high (630C) temperatures and split-shell tests indicate that this coating meets all the requirements of the program. The vacuum stability test at 100^ gave the following results:

Gas evolved

(ml)

1. Comp B with 0.61 MNT + 0.5% Estane 5702 0.21

2. Estane 5715/VMCH with 1% Epon 828 0.78

3. Combination of 1 and 2, above 0.93

At present there is a problem in spray coating with the avail- able equipment. Coating the interior of a 105-mm projectile using 10, 15, and 20% pbw solids in solvent (50/50 pbw of Estane 5715- VMCH in a 50/50 pbw of methyl ethyl ketone/methyl isobutyl ketone solvent) has not been entirely satisfactory. Satisfactory spray coatings can be achieved by using the proper spray equipment or manipulating the concentration of solvents (methyl ethyl ketone/ methyl isobutyl ketone). There is also a possibility of using 2- pentanone, 3-pentanone, or 2-methyl 3-butanone, all of which have higher boiling points than methyl ethyl ketone and lower boiling points than methyl isobutyl ketone. The use of 2-pentanone, 3- pentanone or 2-methyl 3-pentanone depends on their availability in bulk quantities.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

Tensile Strength of Adhesive-Coating Materials

Adhesive-coating materials were evaluated by coating a 1. 27 x 2.54 cm (1/2 x 1 in.) area on each 2.54 x 7.62 cm (1x3 in.) aluminum coupon. Three samples of each adhesive-coating system were prepared and tested using a Baldwin Test Instrument. Using the tensile strength of Comp B neat as a standard [approximately 1.38 MPa(200 psi)], only samples exceeding this bond strength were tested.

Tensile Strength of Adhesive-Coating Materials with Comp B

The coating materials exceeding the 1. 38 MPa (200 psi) tensile strength were further evaluated by placing them on 2. 54 x 7.62 cm (1x3 in.) zinc phosphated steel coupons and shipping the coupons to the Energetic Materials Division. The coated coupons were heated to 80° i S0^, and a layer of Comp B was poured onto one coupon before the coupon was assembled to a second coupon (fig. 1). Three tensile shear-strength samples of each material were prepared and tested using an Instron Tensile Tester. Samples that met the requirements for adhesion at 24°^ (750F) were further tested at -40oC (-40oF) and 630C (1450F). A minimum 2.54 x lO"3

cm (0.001 in.) thick coating was necessary for successful bonding.

Formulationof Preferred Adhesive-Coating Materials

A 20% pbw solution of solids in solvent was prepared as follows:

260 g methyl ethyl ketone Certified Grade, Fisher Chemical Co.

260 g methyl isobutyl ketone Certified Grade, Fisher Chemical Co.

65 g Estane 5715 B.F. Goodrich, Adhesive Prod. Div.

65 g VMCH Union Carbide Corp. 1.3 g Epon 828 Shell Chemical Co.

(Stabilizer)

Split-Shell Test

After brush coating 2.54 x 10~3 to 3.81 x 10"3cm (1 to 1.5 mil) layers of adhesive on split shells, the shells were loaded with Comp B containing 0.5% Estane 5702 and 0.6% mononitrotoluene (MNT). Brackets were attached to both halves of the shells and they were placed horizontally in a nest. A dead load of two tons was applied to the lower halves of the splits to rupture the bonds. The shells were removed from the nest and the location of the rupture determined. The acceptance criterion for this test was failure within the Comp B, not at the shell/adhesive interface.

ADHESIVE

STEEL COUPONS

Figure 1. Coupon assembly for tensile test.

Materials

Modified Comp B - 60/40 RDX/TNT containing 0.5% Estane 5702 plasticized with 0.6% MNT.

Estane 5715 - a heat reactive aromatic-polyester polyurethane obtained from B. F. Goodrich.

VMCH - a copolymer of vinyl chloride (86%), vinyl acetate (13%) and inter-polymerized dibasic acid (1%), obtained from Union Carbide Corp.

Methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone - certified grades obtained from Fisher Scientific Co.

Epon 828 - an epoxidized bisphenol A supplied by Shell Chemical Co.

CONCLUSION

Evaluation of Estane 5715-VMCH 50-50 pbw, the preferred adhesive/coating formulation, shows it to be superior in desirable properties to the adhesive/coating system used by the United Kingdom to reduce prematures under setback conditions.

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13

DISTRIBUTION LIST

Commander U.S. Army Armament Research and Development Command ATTN: DRDAR-TSS (5)

DRDAR-LCA-OA (15) DRDAR-LCN (5) DRDAR-LCU (5) DRDAR-QA (2) DRDAR-TSF (2) DRDAR-QAA DRDAR-QAN DRDAR-LCE (5)

Dover, NJ 07801

Commander U.S. Army Missile Research and Development Command ATTN: DRDMI-EAM, Mr. E.A. Verchot

Chief, Document Section Redstone Arsenal, Alabama 35809

Plastics Technical Evaluation Center ATTN: Mr.H. Pebly

Mr. A. Landrock U.S. Army ARRADCOM Dover, NJ 07801

Commander U.S. Naval Weapons Station ATTN: Research and Development Div Yorktown, VA 23491

Defense Documentation Center Cameron Station (12) Alexandria, VA 22314

U.S. Army Armament Materiel Readiness Command ATTN: DRSAR-LEP-L Rock Island, IL 61299

Director U.S. Army TRADOC Systems Analysis Activity ATTN: ATTAA-SL (Tech Library) White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002

15

Weapons System Concept Team/CSL ATTN: DRDAR-ACW Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010

Technical Library ATTN: DRDAR-CLJ-L Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005

Technical Library ATTN: DRDAR-TSB-S Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010

Technical Library ATTN: DRDAR-LCB-TL Benet Weapons Laboratory Watervliet, NY 12189

U.S. Army Materiel System Analysis Activity ATTN: DRXSY-MP Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005

16