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7/31/2019 G1 University of Malaya - Schneider University Challnge 2011
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Energy Efficiency Solution Proposal
Go Green in Malaysia
University Challenge 2011
BAS in Commercial Building
Team Name: G1
Team members:MUHAMAD ASRUL MOHD SALIM
TAN CHUN KEATKOK CHEN LIONG
University: University of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur
Organized by Schneider Electric Industries (M) Sdn. Bhd.
Collaboration with
University of Malaya
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No Content Page
1 1. Introduction 1
2 2. Concept
2.1 BAS
2.2 Lighting System
2.3 HVAC System
2.4 Building descriptions
2
4
7
12
3 3. Energy management solution
3.1 HVAC energy solution
3.2 Lighting system energy solution
13
14
4 4. Building Automation System 15
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1. Introduction
In the 21st century cutting edge of technology, human population keeps on increasing.
As you can see, take for instances, human population in Malaysia has increased almost
by threefold, from 8.14 million of people in 1960 to 27.468 million people in 2009.The
increment is massive within 50 years. However the change in energy consumption is
not linear with the change in population density. One may not be so aware of carbon
emission in the late 60s.We might be thinking that the world is too big to be polluted.
No one ever cares about our second home .Pollution is everywhere until the issue of
global warming is raised up when the temperature of earth poles started to rise followed
by sea level. Not just that, the demand of oil and gas, which are the main source of
electricity production, keep on increasing .There is a need to keep up with the energy
usage but at the same time the carbon emission has to be reduced. So, we have
decided to improve the energy usage in commercial office building since it contributes
about 43% of total power usage .How are we going to achieve that? It is simple, by
changing the typical way of energy usage in commercial offices. We are about to
improve the lighting and air-conditioning system in one entire building by BAS system.
1. Concept
2.1 What is BAS ?
Building automation functions as a unit to control to the system of a building. It is
something like intelligent network of electronic devices that work together to ensure the
electricity usage in the building is in optimized state. This includes the control of the
lighting system, HVAC and etc. An automated building requires less maintenance fees
than a non-automated one.
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Figure 1 BAS Schematic Diagram
From Figure 1, it is obvious that all appliances controlled in one system called BAS.
Integrated the advance technology of Schneider makes BAS more energy efficient. We
are focusing on two highest energy consumption system in commercial buildings, which
are lighting system and Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning (HVAC) system.
Before we get deeper into these systems, let us see the fundamentals of lighting system:
1.2 Lighting System in Commercial Building
One must be wondering why the lighting system of a particular building is so
intelligent , as seemed to be under observance ? One big NO and one big YES, for
those who are curious about this. Actually, the lighting system is controlled by the
automated system in such a way that the particular sensor senses either the presence
of people or the movement of the people and it will automatically switch on the light for
your convenience. Thus, it is an automated system under the observance of computer
but not human. The company will save operating cost and yet within short payback
period. In addition, some sensors are capable to dim off the brightness of the lighting
system if properly installed with correct sensor position. Now we proceed to basic
HVAC system which is:
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2.3 HVAC system
In HVAC system there is one function called programmable time switch for HVAC and
motor. It is programmable in such a way that the air-conditioner is being switched on or
off for a certain period of time. Take for instance, if the office hour is from 8am to 5pm, it
can be programmed in such a way that air-conditioner will be start functioning around
7.30am and switch off around 4pm .The temperature of the office will not rise drastically
as it takes time . Programmable thermostat is a must in HVAC. By using a
programmable thermostat you can automatically adjust the air-conditioner when its
least needed, especially at night when we are sleeping or during daytime when no one
is at home. One has to be certain that it is the correct type of programmable thermostat
for his heating or cooling system. Some heat pumps and air conditioning systems
require specialized programmable thermostats.
Figure 2 Commercial Building Description
2.4
Take an example of a commercial building of 3-floor building (Figure 2). The estimatedelectrical consumption for each floor is:
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Table 1 Power Usage per Floor
Table 1 illustrates power usage for every floor in a commercial building .This is exactly
the typical building that is under our concern. By using Schneider products the energy
consumption can be reduced..
2. Energy management Solution
When we talk about energy efficiency, the first thing that pops up is environment,
followed by.
3.1 HVAC energy solution
We believed that every commercial building now is installed with either single air
conditioning system or centralized air conditioning. HVAC can achieve up to 40%
of reduction in energy consumption. BAS is a single system that can control
overall energy consumption in a building.
LocationTotal
NumberAvg. Watts Length of Operation
Main Floor100 unit
(Light, HAVCetc.)
60-100 12 hours
Main Floor 80 unit 50-100 9 hours
Second Floor 80 unit 50-100 9 hours
Third Floor 80 unit 40-100 9 hours
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IDEA 1
Problem statement
It is a common sense that engine of a car will idle when comes to a halt at T-
junction. Idling consumes energy as well. Is there any other method to bring the
engine to a non-activated mode during stop time and start when it is needed?
This is exactly the same when comes to air-conditioning system.
Explanation
In HVAC system the fan speed is adjusted accordingly to air temperature. The
cooler the surrounding air, the slower the running speed of the fan. This is aided
by a sensor. By integrating this method up to 50% of energy reduction is possible.
Component needed
Altivar 12 (Schneider Product) Temperature detector (QRBIZ.com)
Simple machine from 0.18 4kW (240V) Wireless heat temperature Detector
Navigate using cable or Bluetooth from hand
phone
Variable speed drives for small machines with
three-phase 240 V asynchronous motor
Source:
http://www.qrbiz.com/product/967721/Wireless-heat-temperature-Detector.html
http://www.schneider-electric.com.my/documents/events/uni11_altivar212.pdf
http://www.qrbiz.com/product/967721/Wireless-heat-temperature-Detector.htmlhttp://www.qrbiz.com/product/967721/Wireless-heat-temperature-Detector.htmlhttp://www.schneider-electric.com.my/documents/events/uni11_altivar212.pdfhttp://www.schneider-electric.com.my/documents/events/uni11_altivar212.pdfhttp://www.schneider-electric.com.my/documents/events/uni11_altivar212.pdfhttp://www.qrbiz.com/product/967721/Wireless-heat-temperature-Detector.html7/31/2019 G1 University of Malaya - Schneider University Challnge 2011
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Overall structure
Structure 1
Temperature detector detects air temperature in a certain space .A signal is then
transmitted to ATV12 based on the temperature reading. The will fan speed will then be
adjusted accordingly.
Cost and material consideration
Figure 3 Material distribution for ATV12
ATV12 is designed in conformity with the requirements of the RoHS directive
(European Directive 2002/95/EC of 27 January 2003) and do not contain, or in the
authorized proportions, lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium hexavalent, flame retardant
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(polybromobiphenyles PBB, polybromodiphenylthers PBDE) as mentioned in the
Directive.
Energy Effectiveness
Cost savings (ATV12)
Limitation of operating time at low
speed.
Sleep/Wake up function.
Pressure surge suppression for
prolonging the life of the installation
- At 80% flow rate, the energy
consumption drops 50%.
- Using the Altivar 212, energy
consumption is reduced on
average by 30% when using the
control mode dedicated to pumps
and fans.
Return of Investment and Payback Period
Table 2 Return of Investment and Payback Period
Initial investment RM4000
Annual saving RM4000
Pay back(in years) 1 year (maximum payback)
Rate of return 60%
- Minimum within 18 to 24 months
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IDEA 2
The similar idea but with different Schneider product.
Structure 2
Temperature detector will detect air temperature around the specific space and will
transmit signals to TeSya U where the motor is integrated to a temperature detector.
The TeSya U reads the data transmitted by the temperature detector and directs the
tools( Fan, pump) to operate in a proper manner.
Energy reduction
- Reduces electrical consumption by 20% for variable loads
- Saves up to 20% space due to TeSys U compact unit size
- Rate of Investment in 2years
TeSys U Starter controllers up to
15kWcapable of integrating motor control
temperature detector
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3.2 Lighting system energy solution
- From our observation and experience we found that lighting control is one of the
easiest ways to save energy, up to 50%.
Problem Statement
In a commercial building light plays an important role .Thus it is imperative to cut down
the energy used in this system as this is the easiest and achievable method.
Explanation
The presence of light detects the movement of object and the lighting will be either
switched on and off or dimmed. During rainy day, the light intensity in certain room is
insufficient .Light detector plays its role by adjusting the intensity of the light to a
sufficient level.
Component needed for lighting system
KNX Push Button
Can assigned different function such
switch, dim, control or retrieve.
Able to control using a IR remote control.
KNX Control unit
Able to control heating, Air conditioning
and Ventilation system.
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Universal Dimming Actuator
The universal dimmers for series
installation with their energy-saving
technology, adapt automatically to every
load type and are an ideal solution.
KNX Switch Actuator
The switch actuator are available from 6A
to16A with electrical or mechanic manual
mode. Furthermore, selected actuator
have current detection, which detects the
load current of each channel an operating
hour counter, a switch on counter and an
integrated power meter.
KNX Power Supply
Provides a stabilized safety extra-low
voltage. The max cable length between
the power supply and the furthest bus
device is 350 m. The bus devices on the
connected line can be reset via a slide
switch on the power supply
Transformer
Optimum range 25 VA to 2500 VA - Singlewinding
Fixing on panel (screw) or on omega rail
Operating temperature: +50C
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KNX Presence Detector ARGUS
Switching, dimming and blind functions
can for instance be triggered easily and
conveniently using the three different
movement detector outputs
Light control makes the most of the
possibilities and ensures a high degree of
comfort with reduced energy costs for the
system.
Zelio Logic
Remote monitoring and control of installation
using modern interface.
IC Twilight Switch 2000
Twilight switches automatically control lighting,
roller blinds according to light intensity and/or
the time of the day. They measure light
intensity using photo cells that can be installed
on a door outside a building (wall-mounted
cell).
Reduction of electrical energy consumption
(lighting only operates when necessary).
Increased user comfort (lighting automatically
starts working as soon as light is no longer
sufficient).
Enhanced safety (by lighting up dark areas,
protection is provided against vandalism)
Touch Panel
Modern display and control unit impresses
with its convenient operation and wide
range of possible application
Light, heating, roller shutters can be
controlled from the central point and
connected devices switched on and off
with ease.
What we wanted to improve in lighting system is to fully utilize the ambient light so that
the energy consumption by lighting can be reduced. We are manage to come out with
different lighting scenarios in different areas of our building by using dimming actuator.
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Structure 1
As you can see structure 1 saves up to 35% where the arrangement make full use of
ambient light (sunlight) to minimize the energy usage. The presence detector is to
activate artificial lighting if and only if when ambient light is insufficient. A push button is
there to adjust the brightness level.
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Cost estimation
Structure 1
KNX ARGUS presence
detector
2 units RM1600 per unit RM3200
KNX push-button 2 units RM 600 per unit RM1200
KNX Power Supply 1 unit RM600 per unit RM600
KNX Universal Dimming
actuator1 unit RM 1800 per unit RM1800
KNX Control-unit 1 unit RM500 per unit RM500
Transformer 4unit RM 200 per unit RM200
TOTAL RM7500
Price based on
http://www.schneider electric.com.my/sites/malaysia/en/company/event/uni_challenge_productlist.page
Return of Investment and Payback Period
Initial investment RM7500
Annual saving RM3750
Pay back(in years) 2 year (maximum payback)
Rate of return 40%
- Minimum within 24 to 48 months
One literally saves 35% of energy in this scenario. This will save the environment with a
40% rate of return in investment and immediate cash flow within 2 years of payback
period!!
We can also integrate KNX switch actuator. The switch actuator functions in such a way
to switch or dim several output channels simultaneously with a telegram command. This
function is useful when you wish to switch off all lighting systems with just one touch.
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Structure 2
Replacing the current switch with KNX Switch Actuator worth RM2600 can save 20%
of your annual electrical bills.
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3. Building Automation System (BAS)
Where to save? Financial flow.
This retrofit alone would save carbon emissions
Reduction of 50 ton of CO2 per year
Proposed solutions in average value:
36-month payback period after initial investment
Give your company a 36% ROI
Total project costs $300,000