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G51IAIIntroduction to Artificial Intelligence
Andrew Parkeshttp://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~ajp/
Course Introduction
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
• Joke– Q. “What do you give a hurt lemon?”
– A. “Lemon aid”
• Hands up if you think the joke writer– has some sense of humour?
– has a good sense of humour?
– is intelligent?
– has a mental age of 5?, 10?, 15?
– has probably been to too many lectures?
• Joke writer is a computer program: JAPE
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Joke Analysis and Production Engine (JAPE)• Author of JAPE: Kim Binsted• Ph.D. work in AI at Edinburgh (1996)• “an effort to combine her academic interest in artificial
intelligence (AI) with her personal interest in improvisational comedy.” Daily Telegraph 1996
• More recently: STANDUP“System to Augment Non-speakers' Dialogue Using Puns”
• “A computer system that generates simple word-play jokes could help disabled children develop better language skills, say UK researchers.” New Scientist 2006
• “Developed by Annalu Waller at Dundee University, UK, who has arranged for eight children with cerebral palsy to test the system.”
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
• You are a caveman (or woman)
• I travel back in time and bring you a Pentium IV PC and show you some of the things it is capable of doing.
• Question : Would you, as a caveman, consider the computer to be intelligent?
• Hands up if you think the computer is intelligent?
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
• We are still in the present day, but we are at the end of this lecture course.
• Just before I leave the final lecture, I peel away my face and reveal I am an android. As an android I have just delivered a 24 hour lecture course and answered all your questions.
• Question : Would you, as a computer science student, consider me to be intelligent?
• Hands up if you think I am intelligent?
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Course Introduction
• Course– Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
• Lecturer– Andrew Parkes
•http://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~ajp/
•ajp ‘at’ cs.nott.ac.uk
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Course Introduction
• Web Page– http://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~ajp/courses/g51ia
i/– contains the self-study materials for this course
• EMAIL– ajp ‘at’ cs.nott.ac.uk
• Office Hours– Thurs 2-3
– or “by appointment” (email me)
• Second / Third Year Projects– ??
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Course Context
G51IAIIntroduction to AI
G5BAIMArtificial Intelligence
Methods
G5BAIP Artificial Intelligence
Programming
D53DIA Designing Intelligent Agents,G53ASD Automated Scheduling, …
Projects
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Who Can Attend? (This year)
• Introduction to AI– First/Second Year Option
• Artificial Intelligence Methods– Second/Third Year Option
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Course Introduction
• Lectures– 15 (ish)
• Lecture Times and Locations– Monday 14:00 (CTF-C33)
– Wednesday 10:00 (New Business School. A25)
• Assessment– 25% Coursework (CW1 5%, CW2 20%)
– 75% examination (2 hours)
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Aims of the Course
• Define what we mean by AI (or at least give us a working definition for this course)
• Know how to write “AI” programs that– Explore search spaces using both blind and heuristic
search techniques
– Implement Neural Networks (perceptron)
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Aims of the Course
• This is very much a practical course. Although we will touch upon the philosophical issues we will not dwell on this area of AI.
• This course is more concerned with writing useful AI programs than discussing if a computer is intelligent or not.
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Textbooks
• Artificial Intelligence – A Modern Approach (AIMA) (Russell/Norvig)
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Textbooks
• Artificial Intelligence – A Modern Approach (AIMA) (Russell/Norvig)
“Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a big field and this is a big book”
(Preface to AIMA)
2nd Edition (2003) has 1081 pages
You don’t need to learn them all
You don’t even need to read them all
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Textbooks
• Artificial Intelligence – A Modern Approach (AIMA) (Russell/Norvig)
Much of the material for this course is from this book. If you are going to buy a book, then get this one. “2nd edition 2003” is the one I use – though earlier editions are probably fine for
the material in this course.
BUT
It can be quite an advanced book - sometimes more like a reference book than a textbook – so you might want to first
consider “easier” books such as Cawsey
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Textbooks
• Artificial Intelligence – A Modern Approach (AIMA) (Russell/Norvig)
Relevant Chapters• Chap 1 : Introduction• Chap 3 : Solving Problems by Search• Chap 4.1 : Informed (Heuristic) Search Strategies• Sections 5.1 & 5.2 : Backtracking Search for CSPs• Chap 6 : Adversarial Search• Sections 11.1 & 11.2 : Planning• Section 20.5 : Neural Networks• Chap 26 : Philosophical Foundation(You do NOT need everything from each of these chapters!!)
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Useful Reading
• The Essence of Artificial Intelligence (Cawsey)– Good lightweight
introductory book
– A good starting point for the course would be to read Chapter 4 on search
– This book is at about the level of the course (in contrast, AIMA is generally more advanced than this course)
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Textbooks
• Artificial Intelligence (Rich/Knight)– This used to be the “standard” AI text book but AIMA
is now taking its place – in my view
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Textbooks
• Artificial Intelligence (Winston)– As for Rich/Knight
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Textbooks
• Artificial intelligence : Structure and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving (Luger/Stubblefield)
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Textbooks
• Computational Intelligence (Poole/Mackworth/Goebel)– As good as AIMA but came out later
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Useful Reading
• Seven Methods for Transforming Corporate Data into Business Intelligence (Dahr/Stein)
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Useful Reading
• Artificial Intelligence and Computer Games (Richard Bartle)
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Useful Reading
• Computer Gamesmanship (David Levy)
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Neural Networks
• The Essence of Neural Networks (Callan)
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Neural Networks
• Neural Network (Davalo)
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Neural Networks
• Fundamentals of Neural networks (Fausett)
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Course Structure
Three distinct themes with crucial topics• Search
– Tree Search : Breadth- and Depth-First Search– Graph Search
• Uninformed : Uniform Cost Search• Informed Search : A* Search
– State Space Search– Game Tree Search : minimax and alpha-beta
• History & Philosophy– Turing Test & Chinese Room
• Neural Nets: – Perceptrons & their limitations
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Approximate Time Line
History & Philosophy of AI
Neural Nets
CW 1 (5%)
CW 2 (20%)
Exam (75%)
Oct Nov Dec
Tree Search
GraphSearch
State SpaceSearch
Game Tree
Search
Part.Assign.Search
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Proposed Lecture Schedule
• See Web Site
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Coursework Schedule
• Coursework ONE (5%)– Is available now
– It does not involve programming
– Closing date is 1st November, • But with an automatic weeks extension!
• No further extensions
• Coursework TWO (20%)– Will be available before end of October
– It does involve programming
– Closing date is 30th November, • But with an automatic weeks extension!
• No further extensions
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Examinations
• Examination Rubric– Is likely to be something such as
• “You are expected to answer one of the two questions from section A and three of the five questions from section B.”
– but not yet finalised.
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Intro to AI: Quick Start to your Self Study
1. Have a look at the web materials – to make sure you can find and access them!
– get an overview of the course
– please report any problems
2. Find the textbooks in the library
3. Start (just start!) to read the search chapter of one of textbooks e.g.
– Cawser : Chap 4
– Winston : Chap 4
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Are these AI??
Application
Boids
G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction
Course Introduction FinishedNow the hard work starts