GA and NextGenGA and NextGenHow technologies like WAAS and ADS-B will change your flying!How technologies like WAAS and ADS-B will change your flying!

Presented By Claire Kultgen

Overview

1. TIS2. ADS-B

• FIS-B• TIS-B• ADS-R

3. WAAS4. T-Routes and GPS MEAs

Questions• Chat• Pilot Information Center

1800-USA-AOPApilotassist@aopa.org

Who’s Here

• Current AgeA. 20-35B. 35-45C. 45-55D. 55+

Who’s Here

• Certificates and Ratings (highest held)A. None (Yet!)B. PrivateC. InstrumentD. Commercial or ATP

Why Are You Here

A. I just want to learn moreB. I work in the industry (not as a pilot)C. I’m a professional pilot and want to

know how this affects my careerD. I’m trying to plan for future expenses

for my planeE. Other

Funding and Resource Allocation

• Slow and Systematic Transition• LORAN, NDBs, VORs

– It’s OKAY• Systematic

– Recently the FAA proposed to cut 154 approaches– AOPA reviewed and sent notices to local pilots. All

22 approaches AOPA opposed will be retained.

TIS……..NowGen

• 1st generation traffic• Radars “Uplink” traffic to Mode S transponders• 10,000+ Mode S transponders sold

• Aircraft without operating transponders invisible to TIS• Only works in radar coverage

NOT to be confused with TIS-B

Terminal Radar Upgrades

• ASR 7, ASR 8– Older radar systems– Support TIS– AOPA has a good report on TIS

• ASR 11– New radar systems– Do NOT support TIS

• Because FAA chose not to purchase needed software components

TIS sites proposed to remain active

Proposed TIS sites to be decommissioned*

TIS Capable Radar Sites

Transponder Info

TIS In Action

A Mode S Transponder!!!

I’ll send some traffic information

up!

TIS In Action

Traffic Info

Garmin 430 Display

TIS FAQ

• Should I invest in TIS?– “Since the vast majority of TIS sites are not scheduled

for decommissioning at this time, TIS capable Mode S transponders still offer a valuable, low cost safety service. If you fly through over 100 areas that continue to offer TIS, a Mode S transponder will increase your traffic awareness in busy terminal areas.” ~ Garmin.com

TIS Questions

ADS-B Basics

• ADS-B is the FUTURE• Crucial component of NextGen• WILL replace radar• Tested in Alaska Capstone, Ohio Safe Flight 21

• Automatic • Dependent• Surveillance• Broadcast

ADS-B Benefits

• Air-to-air surveillance• More accurate• Faster update rate (every second)• Reduced infrastructure costs• Enhanced Coverage

– Gulf of Mexico• Enhances SA and safety• More…

ADS-B Out

• Transmission of position, altitude, etc.• “Squits” 2x second• GPS based position, velocity, ID, etc• This is what will be required!

ADS-B Out In Action

GBT

(Ground Based Transceiver)

ADS-B In = The Good Stuff

• Weather and Traffic– No Subscription!

ADS-B Components

• Aircraft squitting = ADS-B out– Aircraft standards - Fall 2009

• Ground Based Transceivers– ITT Contract– On target, on budget– 2013 fully deployed

“Dual”ing Datalinks

1090 ES• AirTransport/Above 180• Global• Bandwidth Issues• TIS-B

UAT• GA / Below FL180• US• More Robust• TIS-B• FIS-B

Opposite datalink’s can’t talk to each other!

FIS-B

• Flight Information Services Broadcast

• NexRad Radar• Current Conditions• Terminal Forecasts• Significant Weather Advisories• Flight Restrictions (TFRs)• Special Activity Airspace Status

– MOAs, Restricted Areas, etc.

TIS-B

• Uplink of Non ADS-B Traffic (transponders)• From GBTs to Aircraft• Rebroadcast of Radar Data

• TRANSITIONAL

NOT to be confused with TIS

TIS-B In Action

GBT

(Ground Based Transceiver)

Transponder Info

TIS vs. TIS-B

TIS

• Uplink of transponder/ radar traffic

• Radar to transponder

• Only works in areas covered by radar with TIS capability

TIS-B

• Uplink of transponder/ radar traffic

• GBT to ADS-B In Receiver

• Works in areas of radar coverage and/or GBT coverage

TIS-B outside of Radar

*FAA Proposal doesn’t provide for this

GBT

TIS-B

Transponder Info

Radar Coverage

ADS-R

To Address to Dual Datalink Issues

1090 ES

UAT

1090 ESUAT

ADS-R

GBT

(Ground Based Transceiver)

ADS-RADS-R

GBT

(Ground Based Transceiver)

ADS-R Rebroadcast!!!

The Proposal

• FAA Proposal in 2007• ADS-B Out Required:

– Class A, B, C– Above 10,000– Today’s Transponder Airspace– January 1, 2020

• AOPA submitted extensive comments• Committees, Committees, Committees

Final Rule – Expected Spring 2010

AOPA’s Position Basics

Supported transition to satellite navigation for 20+ years

AOPA Concerns1. Tangible benefits needed….but hard to

identify with current proposal2. Moves some ATC costs to aircraft

- Paid for by pilots3. Concerns with dual datalink4. Affordability

More Questions than Answers

• No black and white answer right now

• Several avionics manufactures working on exciting products

• Stay tuned to what’s on the market

• Stay tuned to AOPA Pilot magazine and other resources

• GPS needed, but may be integrated in ADS-B out transceiver

Current Expansion

Future Coverage ~2013

The Sunshine-B State

Status

• GOMEX December 2009– ATC service in an area

never before served

– Now available in Louisville and Philly, Juneau coming soon

– 2013- available nationwide to those equipped

Learn More

www.adsb.gov

ADS-B Questions

What is WAAS?

• Wide Area Augmentation System• Fixes traditional GPS by augmenting

signals– Enhances accuracy and integrity

• Introduced in 2003• More than just lower mins!

WAAS Architecture

38 Reference Stations

3 Master Stations

4 Ground Earth Stations

2 Geostationary Satellite Links

2 Operational Control Centers

Please Remember!

Nothing on the ground is communicating

directly to your aircraft!

Accuracy

• Specification– 7.6 m x 7.6 m or better 95% of the time– Category I like precision

• Measured– .9 m x 1.3 m

Integrity• Improved ability to warn pilots of bad signals• 1x10-7 chance errors will go undetected

– Better than RAIM– 6 seconds to:

• Fix itself• Warn you

WAAS System Benefits• Highly accurate • North American coverage• Extremely easy to use

– Loading the approach is the hard part– Missed loads automatically

• Limited infrastructure• 40,000+ equipped• Nothing on-airport needed• Precision approach possible at any airport

– LPV’s now outnumber ILS’ – LPV costs $50k v. ILS up to $1 million– 2,037 as of April 8, 2010– More alternate options

With WAAS You Can

• Skip the baro correction• Fly an LPV, LP• Rely on GPS for ALL phases

of flight

The Name Game

RNAVVOR/DME, DME/DME, INS, IRS and GPS

GNSS GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Beidou

PBN

RNAV RNP

*RNP has on board performance monitoring and alerting

• WAAS approaches– Pick your mins

LNAV LNAV+V

LNAV/VNAV

LPVLP

LNAV

• Basic GPS approach• MDA• 400’ above runway• Same as an GPS

approach• No WAAS needed

LNAV+V

• Cool stuff from Garmin won’t see it on a chart

• “Advisory glideslope”• Really just an LNAV• NOT an LNAV/VNAV or LPV

• MDA• 400’ above runway• Provides guidance for a stabilized approach

LNAV / VNAV

• Not a WAAS Approach• DA• 350’ above runway• Can fly with WAAS• Really for other types of RNAV

– Baro V-Nav– RNP

LPV

• The good stuff!• WAAS Only• 200’

LP

• Will be charted as….. RNAV (GPS) LP

• Coming soon!• WAAS only• No vertical nav• MDA ~300’

– The protected area for LP approaches is considerably smaller than an LNAV= lower MDA

How Low Can You Go?

GPS 400’

LNAV 400’

LNAV+V 400’

LNAV/VNAV 350’

LPV 200’

LP (coming soon)

300’

{

Where’s my LPV?

• Instrument Flight Procedures Production Plan

• TPP out to 04/05/2012

• FAA goal 300/year

• How to get an LPV

– AOPA Report – “Establishing an Instrument Approach”

– Airport Manager

Additional Resources

• Manufacturer

• Great info in the equipment manuals– (Long, but a MUST read!)

• Your high tech airplane only makes you safer if you know how to use it.

• Unfortunately, statistically, many don’t yet know how.

Other GPS Goodies

• Q&T routes

• GPS MEAs – now 90+

Questions

Pilot Information Center1-800-USA-AOPA

Feedback Welcome!