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Playing field[edit]
Diagram of a Gaelic football pitch
A Gaelic pitch is similar in some respects to arugby pitch
but larger. The grass pitch is
rectangular, stretching 130–145 metres (142–159 yards) long and
80–90 m (87–98 yd)
wide. There are H-shaped goalposts at each end, formed by two
posts, which are usually
6–7 metres (20–23 feet) high, set 6.5 m (21 ft) apart, and
connected 2.5 m (8.2 ft) above
the ground by a crossbar. A net extending behind the goal is
attached to the crossbar and
lower goal posts. The same pitch is used for hurling; the
GAA, which organises both sports,
decided this to facilitate dual usage. Lines are marked at
distances of 13 metres, 20 metres
and 45 metres (65m in Hurling) from each end-line. Shorter
pitches and smaller goals are
used by youth teams.[9]
Duration[edit]
The majority of adult football and all minor and under-21
matches last for 60 minutes,
divided into two halves of 30 minutes, with the exception of
senior inter-county games,
which last for 70 minutes (two halves of 35 minutes). Draws are
decided by replays or by
playing 20 minutes of extra time (two halves of 10 minutes).
Juniors have a half of 20
minutes or 25 minutes in some cases. Half-time lasts for about 5
or 10 minutes.
Teams[edit]
Teams consist of fifteen players[10] (a goalkeeper, two
corner backs, a full back, two wing
backs, a centre back, two mid fielders, two wing forwards, a
centre forward, two corner
forwards and a full forward) plus up to fifteen substitutes, of
which five may be used. Each
player is numbered 1–15, starting with
the goalkeeper, who must wear a jersey colour
different from that of his or her teammates. Up to fifteen
substitutes may be named on the
team sheet, number 16 usually being the reserve goalkeeper.
Positions[edit]
Further information:Gaelic football, hurling and camogie
positions
Ball[edit]
The ball, made by Irish companyO'Neills, being used for a Gaelic
football match.
The game is played with a round leatherfootball made of 18
stitched leather panels, similar
in appearance to a traditionalvolleyball (but larger), with
a circumference of 69–74 cm (27–
29 in), weighing between 370–425 g (13.1–15.0 oz) when
dry.[11] It may be kicked orhand
passed. A hand pass is not a punch but rather a strike of
the ball with the side of the closed
fist, using the knuckle of the thumb.
Types of Fouls[edit]
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There are three main types of fouls in Gaelic Football, which
can result in the ball being
given to the other team, a player being cautioned, a player
being removed from the field, or
even the game being terminated.
Technical fouls[edit]
The following are considered technical fouls ("fouling the
ball"):
• Bouncing the ball twice in a row (It may be soloed
continuously)
• Changing hands: Throwing the ball from your right hand to left
or vice versa (legal
in the ladies' game)
• Going four steps without releasing, bouncing or soloing the
ball (soloing involves
kicking the ball into one's own hands)[12]
• Hand passing a goal. To hand pass a ball with an open palm
there must be a clear
striking action (the ball may be punched over the bar from up in
the air, but not into the
goal).
• Picking the ball directly off the ground (it must be scooped
up into the hands by the
foot). However, inladies' Gaelic football the ball may be
picked up directly.
• Square ball is an often controversial rule:If, at the moment
the ball enters the small
square, there is already an attacking player inside the small
rectangle, then a free out is
awarded. As of 2012 square balls are only counted if the player
is inside the square
when the ball is kicked from a free or set piece. An opposing
player is allowed in the
square during open play.
• Throwing the ball (it may be "hand-passed" by striking with
the fist).
Aggressive Fouls[edit]
Aggressive fouls are physical or verbal fouls committed by a
player against an opponent or
the referee. The player can be cautioned (shown a yellow
card), ordered off the pitch
without a substitute (red card),[13] or (beginning 1
January 2014) ordered off the pitch with a
substitution (Black Card).[14]
Dissent Fouls[edit]
A dissent foul is a foul where a player fails to comply with the
officials' judgment and/or
instructions. The player can be cautioned (shown a yellow card),
ordered off the pitch
without a substitute (red card), the free kick placement moved
13m further down-field, or in
certain circumstances, the game can be terminated. The following
are considered dissent
fouls:
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• To challenge the authority of a Referee, Umpire, Linesman or
Sideline Official
• To fail to comply with a Referee's instruction to use a mouth
guard.
• To refuse to leave the field of play, on the instruction of
the Referee, for attention,
after an injury involving bleeding.
• To show dissent with the Referee's decision to award a free
kick to the opposing
team.
• To refuse to leave the field of play when ordered off (Red
Card) or rejoin the game
after being ordered off.
• A team or player(s) leaving the field without the Referee's
permission or refusing to
continue playing[15]
Scoring[edit]
A player from a Canada GAA club shoots for goal
If the ball goes over the crossbar, a point is scored
and a white flag is raised by an umpire.
A point is scored by either kicking the ball over the crossbar,
or fisting it over, in which case
the hand must be closed while striking the ball. If the ball
goes below the crossbar, a goal,
worth three points, is scored, and a green flag is raised by an
umpire. A goal is scored by
kicking the ball into the net, not by fist passing the ball into
it. However, a player can strike
the ball into the net with a closed fist if the ball was played
to him by another player or came
in contact with the post/crossbar/ground prior to connection.
The goal is guarded by a
goalkeeper. Scores are recorded in the format Goal Total-Point
Total. To determine the
score-line goals must be converted to points and added to the
other points. For example, in
a match with a final score of Team A 0–21 Team B 4–8, Team A is
the winner with 21
points, as Team B scored only 20 points (4 times 3, plus 8).
Tackling[edit]
The level of tackling allowed is more robust than in association
football, but less thanrugby.
Shoulder to shoulder contact and slapping the ball out of an
opponent's hand are permitted,
but the following are all fouls:
• Blocking a shot with the foot
• Pulling an opponent's jersey
• Pushing an opponent
• Sliding tackles
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• Striking an opponent
• Touching the goalkeeper when he/she is inside the small
rectangle
• Tripping
• Using both hands to tackle
• Wrestling the ball from an opponent's hands
Restarting play[edit]
• A match begins with the referee throwing the ball up
between the four mid fielders.
• After an attacker has put the ball wide of the goals, scored a
point or a goal, the
goalkeeper may take akick out from the ground at the 13m
line. All players must be
beyond the 20m line.
• After a defender has put the ball wide of the goals, an
attacker may take a "45" from
the ground on the 45m line, level with where the ball went
wide.
• After a player has put the ball over the sideline, the other
team may take asideline
kick at the point where the ball left the pitch. It may be
kicked from the ground or the
hands. The player who is taking the sideline kick must not pass
the boundary line while
taking.
• After a player has committed a foul, the other team may take
afree kick (usually
shortened to "free" in reports/commentaries) at the point where
the foul was committed.
It may be kicked from the ground or the hands.
• If a player has been fouled while passing the ball, the free
may be taken from the
point where the ball landed.
•After a defender has committed a foul inside the large
rectangle, the other team
may take apenalty kick from the ground from the centre of
the 11m line. Only the
goalkeeper may guard the goals.
• If many players are struggling for the ball and it is not
clear who was fouled first, the
referee may choose to throw the ball up between two opposing
players.
Officials[edit]
A football match is overseen by up to eight officials:
• The referee
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• Two linesmen
• Sideline official/Standby linesman (often referred to as
"fourth official"; inter-county
games only)
• Four umpires (two at each goal)
The referee is responsible for starting and stopping play,
recording the score, awarding
frees and booking and sending off players.
Linesmen are responsible for indicating the direction of line
balls to the referee.
The fourth official is responsible for overseeing substitutions,
and also indicating the
amount of stoppage time (signalled to him by the referee) and
the players substituted using
an electronic board.
The umpires are responsible for judging the scoring. They
indicate to the referee whether a
shot was: wide (spread both arms), a 45m kick (raise one arm), a
point (wave white flag),
square ball (cross arms) or a goal (wave green flag). A
disallowed score is indicated by
crossing the green and white flags.
Other officials are not obliged to indicate any misdemeanours to
the referee; they are only
permitted to inform the referee of violent conduct they have
witnessed that has occurred
without the referee's knowledge. A linesman/umpire is not
permitted to inform the referee of
technical fouls such as a "double bounce" or an illegal pick up
of the ball. Such decisions
can only be made at the discretion of the referee.
