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7/28/2019 Gait Analysi
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NORMAL GAIT
Series of rythmical, alternatingmovements of the limbs, pelvis and
spine withc results in the forwardprogression of the center of gravity.
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GAIT CYCLE
Begins when the foot contacts the floorand ends with subsequent floor contact
of the same foot.
Two Major Components
Stance phase
Swing phase
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Temporal Measures
Stance
Swing
Double Support
Velocity Cadence
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8 Phases of the Gait Cycle
Stance
Initial Contace IC (heel strike)
Loading Response, LR (first doublesupports, till body CG over foot)(flat foot)
Mid-stance, MSt(from contralateral Toe-off)
Terminal Stance, TS(Till contralateralcontact)(Heel-off)
Pre-swing, PSw(push-off)(toe-off)
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8 Phases of the Gait Cycle (cont)
Swing
Initial swing, Isw (till maximum knee
flexion)(acceleration) Mid-swing, MSw (till shank viertical)
Terminal swing, TSw (till next
contact)(deceleration)
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Kinetic Chain
Closed Kinetic Chain Distal extremity is weight bearing or fixed
Movement at the distal joint influencesmovement at proximal joint(s)
Open Kinetic Chain Distal extremity in non-weight bearing or
not fixed
Movement of proximal joint influencesmovement at distal joint(s)
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Role of the Muscles
Stance body is maintained upright byanti-gravity muscles
Closed Chain Hip Extensors
Knee Extensors
Ankle Plantarflexors
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Roles of the Muscles
Swing leg swings forward ahead ofthe rest of the body
Open ChainAnkle plantar flexors
Hip flexors (ilio-psoas)
Hamstrings
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Determinants of gait
Pelvic rotation
Pelvic list
Stance phase knee flexion
Lateral trunk shift
Vertical oscillation
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WEIGHT BEARING FORCESON THE FOOT
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Path of the Center of Gravity
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Examination of Gait
Begins as soon as the
athlete enters the room
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Distance Measures
Step Length
Stride Length
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10 Aspects toLook For
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ASSESS ALL PHASES
Stance Provides support of the body weight during
forward movements as the lower extremityis in a closed kinetic chain. This allowsforces to be transmitted proximally fromthe trunk or distally from the ground.
Abnormal biomechanics cause abnormaldistributions. This increases stress on thetissues potentially causing overuse injuries
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ASSESS ALL PHASES
STANCE
Heel Strike
Heel spurs Knee pain
Flat Foot
Slap
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ASSESS ALL PHASES
Stance
Midstance
Uneven weight distribution Quad contracted
Weak gluteus medius muscle
Weak gluteus maximus muscle
Push-off
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ASSESS ALL PHASES
Swing
Acceleration
Midswing
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ASSESS FOOT WEAR
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Dysfunctional Gait Patterns
Antalgic Gait Painful gait
Gluteus Medius Lurch Trendelenberg Gait
Drop Foot
Stiff Knee
Short Leg Gait Short leg supinates
Long leg pronates