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Galileo Galilei, 1568-1642

V. Viviani1622-1703

Drake, 1978

1589-1592 1639

Cooper,1935

1586Stevin,1548-1620

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Cohen, 1960

1589

Aristotle, 384322 BC

[1632]

1610

Salviati

8

4

8

,[1638]

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vFR

/

vFR

1994 1604 10

16Paolo Sarpi, 15521623Shapere, 1974

AF AK CD

EF CGDHELFK FEDC

FKELDHCG: v S

AFAE = FKEL 1

ADAD

AD AC ADH ACG AD AC

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1

AD AC AD AC

AD ACAD AC

1/2

2002

D CAD2AC2

=AD2

AC2= (

)2

=

= ()2 = (

)2

1/2

= (AD

AC)1/2 = (

)1/2

1/2 2

v S2

J. Kepler, 1571-1630 16092004

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R. Descartes, 1596-1650

vS2 1629impetus 2ABC 40 1, 2,10

A B

A B BC AB BC AB 3 BC ABA B3B C 1

2

AB : BC = AB: BC

= 1 :3 = 3:1

4 AC 3 AB12 916 92002

AB 1AC

4/3

2

2

4/3 6

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Plato,427-347BC

[380 BC]

1984

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2002

N.Oresme, 1323-13822000

1638

58I. Newton, 1642-1727

1.

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2.

v S v S

v S A B 2 C B v

v S

C

2v

A

B

0v2v2 A C 02v2v A B A C 3

3v S

AB =

( 2)=2

AC =2

BC = 0 B C

3.

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v t

1 1

4

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= + 2

4

t t

v t t v t S 2

2 2

1 :v t S 2

t v S S

0 0 0 0

1 1 01212 0121212 2 12232 12321243 3 23252 42521294 4 34272 927212165 5 45292 162921225

v t

S2

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1/10

Pollard & Huston, 1969

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-Peter of MaricourtLetter on the Magent1269

-

R. Bacon1999

:

1598

1600Digges, Harriot, Dee

1999

1986

- P. Jouguet18691949

- E. Mach18381916

?

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:

:?

:

:

A. Einstein, 18791955

factual knowledge

comprehensionEinstein, 1954

2002

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March, 1970 :

1994

2002

5

5

Einstein, 1954

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A. Koyre, 1892-1964

2002

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