January 8 – Introduction to Critical Reasoning.

A.1. Joan marched up across the room.2. The tall stranger moved around and dashed his water glass against the fireplace.3. Our daughter is going out with a very courteous young man.4. My universe for an animal.5. Mary expressed herself in a positive manner, with a joy.6. Life is but a theatre and all the men are players, learning something new everyday. (or if to be more concrete-the period between the birth and death of a living thing). 7. A political institution cannot exist without popular support.8. The only problem with Jeff is that he has this absenteeism from math lessons.9. Around the bend lay a set of deadly dangerous rapids.10. in the years ahead, our country will face 3 economic problems and one international.

B.1. Aircrafts -> machines2. Cutlery -> man-made objects3. Genre -> arts4. Department/ministry -> government5. Stones -> mineral

C.1. Newspapers, journals, blogs, books…2. Herbs, spices, vinegars, peppers…3. Verb, participle, gerund, adverb, adjective…4. Illness, suicide, natural death…5. Charm, being always nice, excessive and insincere praise…

D.1. HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS

RELATIVES NON-RELATIVES

AUNT OFFICIAL RELATIONS PRIVATE RELATIONS (UNDER CONSTRAINT) (WITHOUT CONSTRAINT)

CLIENT COLLEAGUE FRIEND

2. FIGURE

SIZE SHAPE POSITION

LARGE INFINITESIMAL | ROUND REGTANGULAR VERTICAL

HORIZONTAL

3. PLANTS

DECIDUOUS TREES CONIFEROUS TREES

VEGETABLES FLOWERS PINE

LETTUCE CARROT

DANDELION

OAK

4. PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS

VICE VIRTUE

LAZINESS HONESTY INTEGRITY

5. PSYCHOLOGY

CONCEPTUAL PROCESSES WISH (AS A DESIRE FOR SOMETHING)

MEMORY COGNITION

FEELINGS

LOVE ANGER

E.1. RACES OF HUMAN SPECIES

THE MEN WHO LEND THE MEN WHO BORROW

NOTE: They overlap each other because that person who borrow could also be that one who lend. Moreover, this classification is essential for somebody in specific situation but not in general for everybody.

2. TYPES OF COMPUTERS

DIGITAL ANALOG

NOTE: Hard to make diagram longer because there is only a description of processes these computers are doing, hard to a identify a genus-species relationships along them.

3. FOUR-LEGGED REPTILES RHYNCHOCEPHALIA

CROCODILIA

CHELONIA (TESTUDINATA)

LIVE IN SALT WATER LIVE IN FRESH-WATER

TURTLES LIVE ON LAND TERRAPINS

TORTOISES NOTE: Chelonia or Testudinata presented as the only one from the group of four-legged reptiles, while there are many others such as Crocodilia and Phynchocephalia (and others) which are also related to this group but the reader may be confused and do not understand it while reading given passage. Better to say that turtles, tortoises, and terrapins all belong to a group of Chelonia or Tertidinata which is under (or a part of) a big group of four-legged reptiles.

6. CONTRIBUTIONS TO GOVERNMENT

TAXATION (TAXING SYSTEM)

GRATUITOUS COMPULSORY SPECIAL

ASSESSMENTS FINES

EXPROPRIATION CONTRACTUAL FEES

TAXES

NOTE: In the text many things are overlapped and vague. Especially in the end, when it is mentioned that, although special assessments, and fees, and taxes are “all forms of taxation” in this wider sense, in the narrower they should be put into separate categories, this thing is confusing while doing a diagram, thinking which one we should take into account- the wider or narrow sense? In the diagram illustrated above used a wider sense.

F.

It is better to put arts and literatures together as students who are taking these courses often have the same goals and interested in both these things. Classification of natural science is appropriate, while social science little bit overloaded. Usually these subjects are divided into social science and humanities, as the first one normally also (adding to those which are already mentioned in the given list) include linguistics, law, psychology, international relations (or international studies) and communication studies. Humanities often consider languages, literature,

history, philosophy, religion, visual and performing arts-some of these include the first category we mentioned before “arts & literature”. As it could seen this system a little overlapped too, because classification depends on a school it is used. Let’s take a quick look at what is offered at Glendon College, York University.

Every student must complete at least 6 credits in three of the four General Education categories: Humanities, Modes of Reasoning, Natural Science, Social Science.

a) Humanities (HUMA) : Humanities courses generally combine the subject matter and/or methodologies of at least two of the “humane” disciplines.                 E.g. French and English literature courses, history, etc...

b) Modes of Reasoning (MODR) : Modes of Reasoning focuses principally on the forms of reasoning and inquiry, on deductive and inductive logic.  E.g. Critical thinking/logic, mathematics, computer science, etc...

c) Natural Science (NATS) : These courses often demonstrate the interrelationship of science and other disciplines and are not pure science courses.                 E.g. History of science, environmental topics, Nutrition, etc...

d) Social Science (SOSC) : Theses courses combine the subject matter and/or methodologies of at least two of the “social science disciplines.                                 E.g. Political Science, History, Economics, Sociology, etc...

(Taken from Glendon website- http://www.glendon.yorku.ca/myglendon/osp/generaledrequirement.html)