Gamma Fallout Fields, Project Palanquin/67531/metadc... · P UCRL-ID- 125523 Gamma Fallout Fields, Project Palanquin T. A. Gibson DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account

P

UCRL-ID- 125523

Gamma Fallout Fields, Project Palanquin

T. A. Gibson

DISCLAIMER

This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsi- bility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or proccss disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Refer- ence herein to any specific commercial product, proccss, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recorn- mendation. or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expresscd herein do not ncccssarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.

s 7

This is M informal report intended primady for internal or limited external distribution. The opinions and conclusions stated are those of the author and may or may not be those of the Laboratory. Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-ENG-48.

Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document.

/'

TlowSb civil, industrial and scientific uses for nuclear explosives \\" \ U N I T E D S T A T E S A T O M I C E N E R G Y COMMISSION / PLOWSHARE P R O G R A M

I P R O J E C T R C U R Y

L A S V E G A S

T . A. Gibson, Jr. kwrence Radiation Laboratory University of California Live rmore , C a 1 i forn ia

G A M M A F A L L O U T F I E L D S

a L A W R E N C E R A D I A T I O N L A B O R A T O R Y I S S U E D : M A Y 1966

b

I This document contains 57 pages. This is c o p y a o f .._- 23 Series A . -_-

T. A. Gibson, Jr. Lawrence Radiation Laboratory University of California Livermore, California

December 1965

$" CONTENTS

Page No. A I3 ST RA C '1' 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . 6

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - 7 1.1 Objectives - 7

I

*

1.2 Background . CHAPTER 2 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDUR ..

". 2.1 Shot Participation . Q' - a 2.2 Station Layout . . 8 2.3 Description of 'Stati 2.4 Debris Collection for

i

CHAPTER3 RESULTS . . 12 3.1 Decay Rates . . 1 2 3.2 Time-of-Arrival . . 12 3.3 Monitor Team Data . 31 3.4 Reduction of Data . . 31 3.5 Fallout Contours . . 32 3.6 Wind Data . 32

CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION . . 38 4.1 Predictions of Induced Activities and Decay Rates . 3 8 4.2 Comparison of Exposure Rates as Measured by

Different Methods . . 42 4.3 Calculation of Gamma Activity in Local Fallout . 42. 4.4 Evalu

CHAPTER 5 CO . 43

45 5.1 Frac t i . 45

C H A P T E R . 46 REFERENC * 47 A P F E N D I X ATERING

4 . 4 8 H E J? E HE N . 5 1

n

CONTENTS (Continued) Page No.

i

APPENDIX B PALANQUIN ON-SITE; MONITOR TEAM REDUCED DATA .

APPENDIX C PALANQUIN NEAR GROUND ZERO; MONITOR TEAM REDUCED DATA .

APPENDIXD P NQUIN OFF-SITE; MONITOR TEAM

TABLES 3.1 Palanquin Decay Observations . . 30

4 .1 Partial List of Palanquin-Induced Activities . . 39 4.2 Values of Area Integral. . 42

3.2 Arrival Time of Radioactive Cloud and Its Fallout . 31

5.1 Gamma Activities Available for Palanquin Fallout Field .

FIGURES

53

5 5

. 56

45

2.1 Palanquin on-site station locations and monitoring team check points . . 9

2.2 Palanquin off-site station locations and monitoring . 10 team check points .

3.1 Gamma decay rate, REECo RAMS Stations #4, #5, and #8. . 13

and#15 . . 14 3 . 3 Gamma%decay rate, REECo GITR 400O-ft arc,

337" (Slope -0.80) . ..' - 3 . 4 Gamma decay rate, REECo GITR 3000-ft arc.

3.5 Gamma decay rate, REECo GITR 3000:ft arc,

3.2 Gamma decay rate, REECo RAMS Stations # 11

9 0-45" (Slope -1.24) .

0090 (Slope -1.18) .

1 ? . >

3.6 Gamma decay rate, L R L Bio-Medical Station # 1

. 15

. 16

. 1 7

(Slope >ai -1.48) . - * 44 *

3.7 Gamma decay rate, LRL Bio-Medical Station # 2 (Slope - 1.40)

. 18

. 19

. CONTENTS (Continued)

FIGURES 3.8

3.9

Page No.

Gamma decay rate, LRL Bio-Medical Station # 4

(Slope -1.29) . . 20

(Slope - 1.14) . . 2 1

(Slope -1.40) . . 22

Gamma decay rate, LRL Bio-Medical Station # 10

3.10 Gamma decay rate, LRL Bio-Medical Station # 5

3.11 Gamma decay 'rate, LRL Bio-Medical Station #-8 . .. (S10~.-1.45) . .. . 23.

3.12 Gamma decay rate, ten-mile arc REECo GITR Stations #21, #23, and #24.

3.13 Gamma decay rate, ten-mile arc REECo GITR Station #25 (Slope -1.37) .

3.14 Gamma decay rate, twenty-mile arc REECo GITR Station # 6 (Slope - 1.13) .

3.15 Gamma decay rate, twenty-mile a r c REECo GITR Station # 7 (Slope - 1.19)

GITR Station # 8 (Slope -1.24)

. 3 . 1 6 Gamma decay rate, twenty-mile arc REECo

3.17 Gamma decay rate, North c ra te r lip, REECo .

monitor readings (Slope -1.4) . 3.18 Palanquin exposure rates (R/hr a t E[ + 1 hr) . 3.19 Palsn'quin exposbre r a t e s (R/hr at E[ + 1 hr) . 3.20 Exposure rates on-site <R/hr a t H + 1 hr) 3.21 Exposure rates near Ground Zero (lR/hr at

H + 1 hr) . 3.22 Exposure rates off-site (R/hr at H t- 1 hr)

4.1 Predicted gamma radiation decay with time . 4.2 Correction factor to adjust for deviation from

strdbght l ine of slope -1.3 . 4 . 3 Exposure rate vs a r e a .

. .. . -4-

24

25

26

27

28

29 33 34

3 5

36 37 40

+

c

41 44

t

c

ABSTRACT

lcollowing the Palanquin even t , gamma radiation exposure ra te measurements were made by Reynolds Electrical and Engineering Company, Inc. (Mercury, Nevada), Southwest Regional Laboratory, U . S. Public Health Service (Las Vegas, Nevada), and Bio-Medical Division, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory (Livermore, California). This report makes use of the available measurements and presents ground surface gamma fallout exposure ra te contours at a reference t ime of H +* 1 hour. activity that w a s deposited as local fallout.

Also, an estimate is made of the total gamma

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

M r s . Florence Sullivan, Computations Group, K-Divis ion (Plowshare), LRL-Liverinore, reduced the major portion of the field measurements and plotted them on the available maps. Cory Althouse, Environmental Evaluation Group, K-Division (Plowshare), typed the numerous drafts and proofread the f inal

report. Appreciation is also expressed to Reynolds Electrical and

M r s .

-r Engineering Company and the U. S. Public Health Service for the information that they provided. Gary H. Higgins and Howard A. 'Tewes, K- Division (Plowshare), LRL- Livermore, provided com- ments and ass'istance during the preparation of the report, and this help is gratefully acknowledged.

c

...

1.1 OBJECTIVES

The objectives of this participation in the Palanquin event w e r e :

(1) to provide gross ground level gamma fallout field measurements f rom which a rough measurement of the total activity vented and deposited in local fallout could be estimated, and (2) to provide fallout field contours to assist those predicting fallout by giving them another test event against which they could normalize their fallout predicting models.

1 . 2 BACKGROUND

Ground surface gamma fallout exposure rate measurements have been made following almost every uncontained test shot since Trinity. 1. oratories made fallout measurements. tion available from these sources is included in this report. M. M. Williamson, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, on duty with K- Division, LRL- Livermore, coordinated this cooperative effort during the field participation phase of Palanquin; and the author obtained the unreduced data available f rom the various participants and is responsible for the data reduction and presentation of results in this report.

The resulting fallout contours are summarized in Reference For the Palanquin event a number of different agencies and lab-

All of the pertinent informa- Captain

2.1 SHOT PAHTICII'Arl'ION

Project Palanquin w a s a nuc lear exper iment in hard, d r y rhyolite r o c k executed as pa r t of the P lowshare p r o g r a m for development of nuc lea r excavation. proximately 0514.0105 (PST), 1314.0105 (GMT), in A r e a 20, Nevada Test Si te (NTS). ment hole w a s U20K at geodetic coord ina tes

Palanquin w a s f i r e d on 14 Apr i l 1965 at ap-

T h e resu l tan t yield w a s 4.3 -f 0.4 kt. The emplace-

,

Longitude W 116" 311 24.8012" Latitude N 37" 169 49.3501''

The following are the resu l tan t ave rage crater dimensions:

(1) Crater Radius 36.31 meters 119.13 f ee t (2) Crater Depth 24.01 meters 78.8 feet (3) Crater Lip Height 6.47 meters 21.22 feet (4) L i p Crest Radius 44.66 meters 146.53 feet (5) E j e c t a Boundary 81.63 meters 267.83 feet ( 6 ) L i p Volume, Apparent 98,757 cubic meters 131,260 cubic y a r d s (7) Crater Volume. Apparent 35,569 cubic meters 46,802 cubic yards

2.2 STATION LAYOUT

The location of the s ta t ions of the Reynolds E l e c t r i c a l and

Engineer ing Company, Inc. (REECo), t he s t a t ions of the Bio- Medical Division, LRL-Livermore , and the s t a t ions of t h e U . S. Publ ic I-Iealth Se rv ice (USPHS), and the 1oc.ations of the mobile monitor ing t e a m check points are shown in F i g u r e s 2.1 and 2.2.

?*a- 0

6

I .. , - . ,- - -..- * . .

0 b

I 1

Y l L E

1

/ Youiron STIKES

B L R L 8 1 0 - U E D U N I T

I6

R E E C U R I M S

0 R E E C O G l T R R E C O R D E R S

8

/

Figure 2. I Palanquin on-site station locations and monitoring team check points.

- 9-

STONE DCABIN

RANCH WARM SPRINGS

C L A R K STATION

GOLD F I E L D \ 117°00'

+370 30,

5 0 5 15 20 IO

S T A T U T E M I L E S

0 KAWICH PEAK .

{ 40-MILE ARC

\ 10

, + 370 30'

116' I S ' *' L ~ ~ T

G

BLACK & X PALANOUIN

MOUNTAlN GROUND ZERO . X R E E CO. T R A I L E R LOCATIONS

0 PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE NUMBERED L o c n T i o u s

NOTE: TEN-MILE ARC ROAD M O N I T O R STAKES W E R E M A R K E D B A 9 THROUGH B A 4 9 AT I / 4 - M I L E INTERVALS

F i g u r e 2.2 Palanquin off-site s ta t ion locations and monitor ing team check points.

-10-

2.3 DESCRIPTION O F STATIONS

The REECo remote area monitoring system (RAMS) consisted of a number of individual stations which, on Palanquin, were connected by hard wire to a central t ra i ler . This central t ra i le r w a s then connected to another t ra i ler located at the Command Post via VHF radio. chambers mounted'on stakes. Reference 2. t em used during Palanquin consisted of ten individual stations which

The individual stations were Neher-White ionization This detection system is described in

The LRL Bio-Medical gamma radiation telemetry sys-

were connected to a central t ra i ler located at the Command Post via V H F radio. This system is described in Reference 3 . made of the gamma sensing devices attached to the REECo trailers. This equipment i s described in Reference 2. REECo and USPHS monitoring teams were obtained with conventional hand-held radiac instruments which a r e described in References 2

and 4. tation used during past nuclear test operations.

U s e was also

The data gathered by

Appendix A is a summary discussion of the radiac instrumen-

2.4 DEBRIS COLLECTION FOR LABORATORY ANALYSIS

Limited use is made in this report" of laboratory analyses run on radioactive samples collected during the event. The radiochemical analyses w e r e performed by LRL-Livermore and by REECo, Mercury, Nevada. laboratory analysis a r e described in Reference 5.

The method of collection and the techniques employed for

%See Table 4.1.

CHAPTER 3 RESULTS

3.1 DECAY RATES

Four sources of information were available f rom which the experimentally observed decay rates of Palanquin fallout were plotted. These sources were LRL Bio-Medical telemetry, REECo RAMS, REECo GITR (gamma intensity time recorders)* and information on decay rates available from monitoring teams operating near ground zero after the event.

-ground zero repeatedly after the eve.nt, and, a number of. readings were available for the same geographical location extending over a

These monitoring tearns entered the vicinity of

period of several weeks. The decay rate information is presented in Figures 3 .1 through 3.17, in which the individual points a r e plotted and also the best straight-line approximatioin for the decay is presented. straight-line slopes for Palanquin debris is t . The information from which this average decay was derived is presented in Table 3 . 1 .

The nonweighted arithmetical average of these log-log - 1 . 3

3 . 2 TIME-OF -ARRIVAL

Time-of-arrival information was available from the REECo t ra i le rs located along the 10- and 20-mile arcs. the radioactive cloud and its fallout is presented in Table 3.2 .

Time-of-arrival of

”Gamma ionization chambers w e r e mounted on several of the REECo trai lers (Reference 2); the information was recorded on Es ter - line Angus continuous writing paper tape recorders.

Q

- a a

- a 0 a Q

a

m c 3 0

. .

0 -

9 Lo

I I I I I I - '0

-13-

3 0 O U = w " W

E

- 14-

0 /

0

1 1 1 1 I I I I l l I I I I I I I l l I I I I I

0 - 0 0 0 0

0 -

0 -

cn =I 0 I

L

c

a, E .- I-

h

0 to

0 I

0 t- M M

0" k cd + w

I 0 0 0 4

P; F z

cd E E $

-15-

' O o 0 s

Time ,Hours

Figure 3.4 Gamma decay rate, REECo GITR 3000-ft arc, 045" (Slope - 1.24).

-16 -

.

. - . . - .. - .--. . .. . . . .. . ..~. .

. . . . . . . -

e

0 .

4 z 0

t" 0 0

't 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

0

0

J I I I l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I I I t I l l I I I t I I I 0 0 -0

0 u w w I%

9)

cd k h cd 0 9) a

+-r

1 ON

1 O(

0 . 1 10 100 1000

T i m e , Hours

Figure 3.6 Gainma decay rate, LRL Bio-Medical Station #1 (Slope -1.48).

-18-

1o.c

1 .(

0.1

0.01 10 100

Time ,Hours 1000

F i g u r e 3.7 Gamma decay rate, LRL Rio-Medical Station # 2 (Slope - I. 40).

- 19-

10.0

.c

0 .

0. c

Time ,Hours

Figure 3 . 8 Gamma decay rate, LR.L Bio-Medical Station # 4 (Slope - 1.29).

.

- 20-

m

t Q)

0

IO2 b

W

. - ..- - . . .. . . - --

. I. .- -. - ....., l.. _ _ . .

10’

Time, Hours

Figure 3 .9 Gamma decay rate, LRL Bio-Medical Station # l o (Slope -1.14).

t

h E \ Q: E. .. Q) 4- 0

tr lo2 a L

x W

10'

1.0

. . . . . . _.

10 100 T i m e , Hours

1000

Figure 3.10 Gamma decay rate, LRL Bio-NIedical Station # 5 (Slope - 1.40).

1 0’

10‘

L. c \ f z ’ E c.

.: Q)

0 t

0 Q. x w

10

1 1 o(

10 100 Time, Hours

1000

Figure 3-11 Gamma decay r a t e , LRL Bio-Medical Stat ion # 8 (Slope - 1.4 5).

- 2 3 -

IO0 I

~- ' I IO

. . . . . . . .

loo

Figure 3.12 G a m m a decay rate, ten-mile a r c REECo GITR Stations #21, #23, and#24 .

- 24-

. -

t

i

t

E

. I 10

Time Hours

8

Figure 3.13 Gamma decay rate, ten-mile arc REECo GITR Station #25 (Slope -1 .37) .

x W

100

IO

I

0.1 I

I I I I I I I l l 1 1 I I I t l l

. .

t

IO T ime ,Hours

I00

Figure 3.14 Gamma decay rate, twenty-mile a r c REECo GITR Station # 6 (Slope -1 .13) .

-26- .. - Ir,- i

Figure 3 . 1 5 Gnnirna decay rak, twen ty -mi l e arc REk.I;Co GI'l'R Staliort #/ 7 (Slope - 1 19).

a

Q) t 0 a a I 3 cn 0 a x

bbd

1

. . 1 . . . I 1 1 I t 1 1 1 1 I I I I \ I 1 1

10 100 Time s H ~ ~ r ~

Figure 3.16 Gamma decay rate, twenty-mile a r c REECo GITR Station # 8 (Slope -1.24).

- 2 8 -

I 5

10,000

io IO

. . . ..

100 Time, Days

1000

Figure 3.17 Gamma decay rate, North crater lip, REECo monitor readings (Slope -1.4).

-29-

TABLE 3.1 PALANQUIN DECAY OBSERVALTIONS

Station R/h. (3 Distance from Log-log H + l h r G Z Decay Slope

mi REECo RAMS # 8 7, 500a 0.2 -1.37 REECo RAMS # 11 3.5 0.2 -1.19 REECo RAMS #15 70 0.2 -1.25 REECo GITR 337" 180 0.2 -0.80 REECo RAMS # 4 250 0.4 -1.16

. REECo GJTR 00.9" , 550.' 0.6 I -1.18 REECo GITR 045" 300 0.. 6 -1.24 LRL Bio-Med RAMS #1 1, 0ooa 0.8 -1.48 REECo RAMS #5 130 0.9 -1.27 LRL Bio-Med RAMS #2 35a 2.1 - 1.40

b

. .

LRL Bio-Med RAMS # 4 LRL Bio-Med RAMS # l o LRL Bio-Med RAMS #5 LRL Bio-Med RAMS # 8

REECo GITR #21

REECo GITR #23 REECo GITR #24 REECo GITR #25 REECo GITR #6 REEC o GITR # 7 REECo GITR # 8

0.02a 4

10 8 1.5a

0. 7a O . l a 0. la

0.04a 0.02a

0.06a

2.6 2.6 3.5 4.5

- 10

- 10 - 10 - 1 0 - 20 - 20 - 20

-1.29 -1.14 -1.40 -1.45 -1.20

-1.21 -1.22 -1.37 -1.13

-1.19 -1.24

AVERAGE ;= 1.3

Extrapolated back t o H + 1 hr . a

bNot used in average.

-30 -

8

#

. .... .__

TABLE 3.2 ARRIVAL TIME OF RADIOACTIVE CLOUD AND ITS FALLOUT I

Station Arrival 1 st Peak 2nd Peak

hours hours hours

10-Mile Arc: REECo GITR #21 REECo GITR #23 REECo GITR ff24 Average Time Speed, .mph

0.55 i

0.81 .

0.7 ’

0.64 15.6

0.68

0.92 0.81 0.80

12.5

1.68.

2. 1.93 1.9 5.3

20-Mile Arc: REECo GITR # 6 REECo GITR #7 2.6

REECo GITR # 8 Average Time Speed, mph 7.1

2.7 3.3a - - 3. 5a --

3.0 3. 7a -- 2.8 3. 5a --

5. ?a --

Only peak. a

3 .3 MONITOR TEAM DATA

Both the REECo and the USPHS monitoring teams conducted radiological surveys following the event. surements are reported in References 2 and 4.

technique employed was the standard procedure of marking the various roads and t ra i l s with rad-safe survey monitor stakes numbered and indexed, so that the monitoring teams could ascertain their geographical location.

The unreduced field mea- The monitoring

3 . 4 REDUCTION O F DATA

The monitoring team survey information w a s converted to a common time of H + 1 hour postshot, using the average decay given

. .- .... , .... .... - _.._.

in section 3.1. C, and D.

These reduced data are presented in Appendixes B,

3.5 FALLOUT CONTOURS

Two maps w e r e used to plot the monitoring team exposure r a t e measurements (converted to H + 1 hour) and the exposure ra te data observed at H + 1 hour discussed in section 3.1 above. showing the a rea from ground zero up to, and including, the test site boundary was constructed f rom a postshot American Aer ia l Surveys, Inc. photographic mosaic. The second map encompassing the lo-, 20-, and 40-mile a r c s consisted of U. S.. Geological- Survey Map Sheets NJ 11-8 and N J 11-5. -Using the available maps and the best estimate of the monitoring team exposure ra tes (converted to H + 1 hour) for each geographical location and the exposure ra tes tabulated in Table 3.1, the fallout contours presented in Figures 3.18 and 3.19 were drawn. that an intuitive best-judgment estimate of the location of the isoex- posure rate contours was considered sufficient (see Figures 3.20, 3.21, and 3.22).

. One map

The scatter and paucity of the information w a s such

3.6 WINDDATA

Wind speed and direction, as observed by the U. S. Weather Bureau, is reported as follows (Reference 6): ''For the day of the ex- periment, the weather w a s clear and no precipitation occurred in the immediate downwind fallout a r ea after the detonation. pattern was also confined within the sector on a bearing between 325 and 030 degrees from Ground Zero.

The fallout

"At shot-time, the winds were southerly f rom the surface to 11,000 feet MSL; speeds were 5 to 6 knots to 8,000 feet, and 2 t o 3 knots from 8,000 to 11,000 feet MSL. veered into the west and northwest at speeds of 2 to 4 knots."

Above 11,000 feet, the winds

a

0 I - O N E STATUTE MILE

Figure 3.18 Palanquin exposure rates (R/hr at H + 1 hr). '.

N

t I I 1 I I I I I I I

0.01 R/hr 1 I \ I I

I I I I I t I I I 1 I

O.OiIR/hr I I I i I

I

1 I +370451

I I 1 1 6 O 15' I

I I 0 . 0 5 R I h r ;

\ I I

I I I

1 I I :

A \

T W ENTY-FIVE SQUARE STATUTE MILES

5 R/hr \ \ -1-

\ ; e \ I ; \ ! I

+ 37O 15' 117" 00'

Figure 3.19

P A L A N Q U I N

..


Palanquin exposure rates (R/hr at H + 1 hr).

-34 -

0

8.9.

xo.2

X0.23

x a 2 2 X0.04.

xawor x 0.32

x a04 x a2

x a o n xaooo¶

xaoe

X ?

x a o u

Xxa. X' az

X?

xa93

x e.4

x7.5

x 7.*

1 xa33

xo.21

x ass

X 0.54

x 0.4

x 0.33

x0.320*

x 7a.o

X.2.0 0

XN,

XS.5 XlO2.0

Y 11.0.

x 11.0

x13.0

x 13.0.

x 11.0

x13.0

X18.0

b"* x I ¶ .

xI5.0

x 23.0

x43.0

XW.8

2.0 X 1.6

x0.e.

Ii* :

x aoosa X

x a o I

- _ 0.1.

%02*

X0.025

X0.034 xaou

x o.we x 0.01

xo.025 xaoi

OWE STATUTE M I L E X 0 k S

x 0.001s

Figure 3.20 Exposure rates on-site (R/hr at H + 1 hr).

-35-

.- _- . . , . . . .. . .. .. ... - -

2100 150"

rn' 16ff

190" I7P

I K P 1 80' I9 f f 160'

.?Off

m 13W

27V 90"

290" 700

320" 400

Figure 3 . 2 1 Exposure ra tes near Ground Zero (R/hr at H + 1 hr).

- 3 6 -

-- . -. L_.__

I----- .. . . . - . .

. . . . . ..

1 aoo4 x

0.004 X

0.005 X

a006 X

i

0.013 X

0.01 X

0.01 X

61 PALANOUlY

3 tu m


X 62 PALANOUIW

5 4 3 2 1 0 5 IO IS 20

STATUTE MILES

+

Figure 3.22 Exposure rates off-site (R/hr at H + 1 hr).

-37-

CHAPTER 4

DISCUSSION

4.1 PREDICTIONS OF INDUCED ACTIVITIES AND UECAY RATES

For cratering projects of the Plowshare Program, it is of con- siderable importance that the induced radioactivities produced by the nuclear explosion be predicted., Not only are the fission products of the device of interest, but the neutron-induced radioactivities produced in the device and cannister and in the rock o r soil surrounding the detonation point are important. the Palanquin event,* and, subsequently, the amounts of active nuclides produced w e r e ascertained by radiochemical techniques. Table 4.1 lists a number of the nuclides which w e r e measured quan- titatively, and for comparison the predictions for these selected nuclides are listed.

These predictions w e r e made for

For the Palanquin event, Sodium 24 w a s the most important neutron-induced nuclide with regard to prodiucing gamma radiation in the fallout field. w a s constructed for Palanquin, and is shown in Figure 4.1. plotted the gamma radiation emitted by the fission products along with the gamma radiation emitted f rom the neutron-induced radioactivities, and the contribution f rom both sources is summed and also plotted. It should be noted that the coritribution from the induced radioactivities produces the characteristic "hump" observed fre- quently. sented by one straight l ine on a log-log plot. experimentally observed gamma radiation fallout field decay curves shown in Figures 3.1 through 3.17 shows the deviation from the straight-line decay for a number of stations within a few miles of ground zero. approximation is not apparent in the observed decays measured a t the

A predicted gamma radliation versus time curve Here is

Thus, the decay of the fallout field cannot be,exactly repre- Examination of the

The deviation f rom the fission products straight-line

*Private communications f rom C. I. Hudson, Jr., and R. Lessler, LRL-liver more.

-38-

f

TABLE 4.1 PARTIAL LIST OF PALANQUIN-INDUCED ACTIVITIES Atoms at zero time.

Nuclide Predicted Measured

24 Na

199 Au 55 Fe 59 F e .

Pt 1 95m

2.2 x 1.7 X loz2

1.9x 2.3 X IOz2

1.9 x 3 x 8.7 x 1 O 2 O 7 x 1O2O

5 x 5 f 2 x

10- and 20-mile a r c locations. One could speculate that the Sodium 24 produced in the rhyolite rock medium surrounding the detonation point was on particles large enough to fall out and be deposited before reaching the 10- and 20-mile a r c locations. Pr ior t o a detailed examination of the monitor survey data, it was planned to correct this information to reflect the "hump'' in the decay rate curve.

A curve not used but constructed for this purpose is shown in Figure 4.2 (generated from Figure 4.1).

apply a correction factor depending upon the t ime postshot that the monitoring reading w a s made to correct this reading back to a more true H + 1 hour exposure rate, thus taking into account that the decay is not completely described by a simple straight line. the monitor data were examined, it became apparent that the scat ter in the data w a s of such magnitude that this decay curve correction would not be meaningful. Consequently, for this report, the monitor data were corrected back to H + I hour, assuming a straight line of slope -1 .3 on a log-log plot.

Using Figure 4.2, one could

However, when

-39-

M c\1

0 cv cv 0

- N 0

0 RJ 0 -

-40-

0 0 0 0- -

0 0 0

loo 7 4 days

7 3 days

CI, -2 days

-

- -

c -0 0 W -

-- -

tlc L- - t day by straight line (-1.3slope)

r"

Monitor reading converted to H + I hr

- multiplied by correction factor 0

c t .-

(for act.ual time of monitor reading) equals true H + I hr exposure ra te . +

0 u)

0 3 10- - I

0 r m I u) 0

- .. - t -

- c -

a

E t- -

L -

Q)

_-

I I I I I 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.

Correction Factor

Figure 4.2 Correction factor to adjust for deviation f rom straight line of slope -1.3.

-41-

4 .2 COMPARISON OF EXPOSURE RATES AS MEASURED BY DIFFEREh’T METHODS

The reader wil l recall that four means of measuring exposure rates were employed. They were monitoring team data, REECo GITR, LRL Bio-Medical Telemetry, and REECo RAMS. Examination of Figures 3.20, 3.21, and 3.22 shows that in several instances these independent measurements were close enough geographically to en- able one to compare their respective values for H + 1 hour exposure rate levels. is considered quite adequate.

4.3

k

This agreement between the several independent systems

CALCULATION OF GAMMA ACTIVITY IN LOCAL FALLOUT

The contours of equal exposure rate levels previously presented in Figures 3.18 and 3.19 were planimetered to give values of gamma radiation exposure ra te versus a rea in square miles. This information is plotted in Figure 4.3 . A second integration was then performed using Figure 4.3, giving one a value of the exposure rate a rea integral. For Palanquin, this value w a s about 500 R/hr X mi2 for the a rea f rom 0 .01 square miles out to the a rea of 1,000 square miles (see Table 4.2) : 2 1,000 mi

1 0.01 mi

2 RWdA 500 [R/hrl H+l hr X mi 2

TABLE 4 . 2 VALUZS OF AREA INTEGRAL

2 Area A r e a Integral (R/hr X mi )

2 mi 0.01 to 1.35 1.35 to 2 3

23 to 1,000

364

90 4 0

-42-

4.4 EVALUATION OF OVERALL EFFORT

Exalmination of Appendixes B, C, and D disclosed that, in a

number of instances, some roads were surveyed by mon.itor teams only once. Also, numerous inconsistencies in the data are apparent.

-43-

IQOOO

. IO00

100

I O

0 Q x W

I

0. I

0.01 0.0 1

I I I 1 I l l l l I I I I I I I I I

0. I I 100 100 Area in Square Statute Mi les

Figure 4.3 Exposure rate vs area.

-44-

CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSIONS

5.1 FRACTION OF TOTAL, ACTIVITY DEPOSITED

The Palanquin event deposited within the local fallout field an amount of gamma radiation activity equivalent to about 200 tons of fission products. fission products evenly distributed over one square statute mile of the Nevada Test Site terrain, producing an H + 1 hour gamma radiation field of 2,500 R/br ( see Table 5.1).

This amount is based on the value for 1 kt of

TABLE 5.1 GAMMA ACTIVITIES AVAILABLE FOR PALANQUIN FALLOUT FIELD

Nuclide Tons of Equivalent Fission @? H f 1 h r

Fission Products 820 f 40

Mn56 24 N a

100

50

Other Nuclides < 10

-45-

.. CHAPTER 6 RECOMMENDATIONS

For future events, where a measurement of the gamma radiation fallout field is desired, it would be prudent to analyze the monitor team readings as swiftly as possible (within ab few hours) so that one could request additional monitor surveys in certain areas and along certain routes, and additional readings at later times. This procedure would provide more monitor readings upon which to base the final iso- exposure ra t e contour pres ent at ion.

-46-

Y

. REFERENCES

1. M. Morgenthau et al., "Local Fallout F r o m Nuclear Test Detonations (U)," Volume 11, "Compilation of Fallout Pat terns and Related Test Data (U)," Par t 1, Trinity through Redwing, and Part 2, Plumbob through Hardtack; U. S. Army Nuclear Defense Laboratory, Edgewood Arsenal, Marylafid; DASA- 1251, August 1963 (Secret-RD).

2. B. Ubanks et al., l'On-Site Radiological Safety - Palanquin"; . PNE- 91 lF, publication planned in 1 96 6.

3. G. Nish et af., "Bio-Med Hot Spot R. F. Telemetry System on Plowshare Project Palanquin"; Bio-Medical Division, LRL- Livermore; LER-729-1, May 1965.

4. J. Coogan -.* et a1 "Off-Site Surveillance - Palanquin"; PNE-91OF, publication planned in 1966.

5. J. Miskel et al., "Radiochemical Studies - Palanquin"; PNE-909F, publication planned in 1966.

6. Staff, ESSA Field Research Office, Las Vegas, Nevada; "Weather and Surface Radiation Prediction Activities - Palanquin";

-47-

P N E - 912F, publication planned in 1966.

. -- - I--

APPENDIX A RADIAC INSTRUMENTS USED FOR CRATERING

SHOTS PRIOR TO PALANQUIN

The Plowshare Program uses seven venting- cratering detonations t o determine the gross gamma activity versus depth-of-burial curve. field testing, f rom Jangle Surface in November 1951 through Johnie Boy in July 1962. Willizmson (Reference AI.) has recently reviewed the fallout patterns, performed the dose rate t imes area integration, and presented and commented on the resulting information. paper constitutes Plowshare! s most complete summary of fallout patterns f rom these detonations. depth-of-burial curve provides the norm against which to judge the effectiveness of future debris entrapment detonations. In effect, the experimental procedure wi l l be to compare field survey meter readings made today with those made through the years since 1951. Questions have a r i sen concerning the accuracy of the radiac instruments used in the past. Also, one wonders whether instrument changes over the years have significantly biased the patterns reported. The purpose of this appendix is to answer such questions.

These seven shots extend over slightly more than a decade of

Hi s

Williamsoints gamma activity versus

The weapon test literature discloses that the following hand- held gamma radiation survey instruments were the principal ones used t o measure fallout fields (the three designations, AN/PDR-TIB, AN/PDR-39, and Tracer lab SU-10, a r e all used for the same instrument) : i

-48-

DETONATION

Jangle Surface (References A2, A3) 19 November 1951

Jangle Underground (References A2, A3) 2 9 November 1951

Teapot ESS (Reference A4) 23 March 1955

Neptune (Reference A2) 14 October 1958

Danny Boy (Reference A5) 5 March 1962

Sedan (Reference A6) 6 July 1962

Johnie Boy (Reference A?') 11 July 1962

PRINCIPAL SURVEY INSTRUMENT

AN/PDR - T 113

AN/PDR - T 1 B Victoreen Gamma Survey Meter

AN/PDR-39

AN/PDR- 3 9A

Tracerlab SU- 10 Victoreen Radector AGB- 500-13-SR Jordan Radector AGB-500-B-SR

Jordan Radector AG 50 I3

It is noted that t w o instrument types, the T1B and Jordan Radector, have provided most of the field measurements used to draw fallout patterns.

The T1B is an ion chamber instrument and weighs 11 pounds. The procurement specifications call for the instrument to indicate radiation flux in roentgens over an energy range from 80 kev to 2.5 Mev with an accuracy tolerance of f. 20 percent.

The Jordan Radector u s e s a miniature Neher-White ion chamber. The instrument weighs 3-1/2 pounds and has a reported accuracy of f 15 percent (Reference A7). reported as linear from 80 kev to more than 3 Mev (Reference A8) .

with a Co6O source for the Jangle shots (Reference A3) up to the

Its energy response is

Calibration of radiac instruments at NTS has been carr ied out

-4 9-

.

present (Reference A7). calibrated at about 1 .2 Mev wi l l respond with sufficient accuracy over the range of energies encountered in a fission product fallout field.

The concern is whether these instruments

The energy response and accuracy of the T1B was investigated in connection with an Operation Jangle project by Costrell (Reference A3). D. C., he used a.Co6* source and a 250 kv .X-ray tube.

Working at the National Bureau of Standards in Washington, The TlBls

examined were found to be linear down to an effective energy of about 90 kev; below this value the relative response increased to 1.6 between 70-80 kev and then dropped to 0 .3 at 50 kev. mation and measurements of the fallout field equivalent roentgens per unit time as a function of energy, Costrell c:alculated a3 energy dependence correction factor of 1.1 for the T1B.

Using this infor-

During Operation Teapot a special study of the accuracy of military radiacs was made by Work (Reference A9). fields at NTS and laboratory sources at the Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory, he conducted a very complete investigation of a number of radiac instruments. fallout fields to a Victoreen 0.25 roentgen thimble chamber taken as the project "standard." Energy dependence was studied in the laboratory using a Co60 source and X-rays of various energies. All of the radiacs read low in the fallout fields. instruments were studied. The correction factors w e r e all plus and were 10, 20, 20, 15, and 1 5 percent, respectively. Work's recom- mended correction factor for the T1B is plus 10 percent. However, examination of his laboratory measurements using a human phantom and the field results makes plus 20 percent appear a more reasonable correction. expected. situation has a serious effect on the reliability of data taken with high- range radiac equipment.

Using the fallout

At NTS the instruments were compared in

Five different types of

Work found that operator e r r o r s w e r e much la rger than He concluded that it is possible that the stress of the field

A report of a thorough investigation of the accuracy of the Jordan Radector, similar to that on the TlB, has nlot been found in the

- 5 0 -

*

.

literature. However, the energy response of the Jordan Radector is reported (Reference A8). It is linear from more than 3 Mev down to below 100 kev. Thus, the properly calibrated instrument is probably accurate t o better than 20 percent based upon the performance of instruments that have been studied in detail.

From this literature survey it is concluded that the Plowshare Program fallout patterns a re based mostly upon readings from T1B and Jordan Radector-type meters. The dose.rate levels, as reported, are probably low by an amount between 10 and 20 percent. For Plow- share purposes, fallout patterns drawn for shots in 1962 are equivalent to those drawn in 1951.

REFERENCES

Al. M. M. Williamson, "Activity Release from Several Nuclear Cratering Detonations"; Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Livermore, California; UCID-4970, 20 January 1965.

A2. M. Morgenthau et al., "Local Fallout from Nuclear Test Detonations (U)," Volume 11, "Compilation of Fallout Patterns and Related Test Data (U)," Pa r t s 1 and 2; U. S. Army Nuclear Defense Laboratory, Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland; DASA- 1251, August 1963 ( S e cret -RD).

A3. L. Costrell, "Operation Jangle, Project 2 , l a , Gamma Radiation as a Function of Time and Distance"; Radiation Physics Laboratory, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C. ;

WT-329, 1 A p r i l 1952.

A4. M. 5. Schumchyk and E. H. Bouton, "Fallout Studies, Project 2.5.1, Operation Teapot"; U. S. Army Chemical Corps, Chemical Warfare Laboratories, A r m y Chemical Center, Maryland; WT-1119, 23 Ju ly 1958.

. A5. E. F. Wilsey, "On-Site Fallout f rom a Partially Contained Nuclear Burst in a Hard Medium, Operation Nougat, Project Danny Boy"; U. S. Army Nuclear Defense Laboratory, Army Chemical Center, Maryland; POR-1819 (WT-1819), August 1962.

A6. "Project Sedan - On-Site Radiological Safety Report"; Reynolds Electrical and Engineering Company, Inc. , Mercury, Nevada; PNE-203FJ 23 October 1962.

A7. E. H. Bouton - et al., I1Radiological Surveys, Project 2.8, Operation Sun Beam"; U. S. Army Chemical Corps, Nuclear Defense '

Laboratory, Army Chemical Center, Maryland; POIR-2266, September 1962.

A8. J. E. Dummer, "General Handb'ook for Radiation Monitor- ing"; Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; LA-1835 (3d ed.), November 1958.

A9. G. A. Work, "Accuracy of Military Radiacs, Operation Teapot, Project 6.1.2"; U. S. Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory, San Francisco, California; WT-1138, 15 November 1957.

APPENDIX B P A L A ~ Q U I N O N ~ I T E

Monitor Team Reduced Data (dose rates in R/hr @ H + 1 hr) A r e a 20: Close-In Roads and Stakes

Locat im 14 Apr 15 Apr 19Apr 20 Apr 21 Apr 23 Apr 27 AFr 1 May 3 May Uest Estimate

2OL - 1 thru 6 & 8 20L - 7 2OF - 4 thru 20

Bkg. .O.OOlE

_ _ _.

Bkg.

Bkg.

Bkg.

Bkg.

0.0016 _ - Along J Road: Junct. W- Rds.. R-1 205 - 22 thru 25 & R-2

(Junct. J W Rds.) 2OJ 26. R-3 (Junct. JaXn) 205 27 ZOJ 2 8 +O.l mile + 0.2 mrle + 0.3 mile + 0.5 mile

20.7 29

Bkg.

Bkg. 0.013 0.13

1.7; 0.59 0.84

5.9, 8.5 52; 86

_ _

_ - 0.006 0.035

0.31 _ _

Bkg. 0.02 0.08 0.7 .0.8 3.3 6.4

7 0 81

890 730

1220 730 230 250

1870 45

6 2.6

3.3 4.8

ZoJ 30. R-4 (Junct. Orig. 2 Rd.)

205 30 + 0.05 mile Z O J 30 + 0.125 mlle 203 31 R-5 (Junct. K&J Rds.) 205 32 100 feet N: 205 32 205 33 205 33 t 0.1 mile

600; 860 600; 860

520; 860

170; 130

_ _ _ _ _ _

45 _ - 5.2

0.91; 0.37 1.1 _ _

_- _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 _ _ _ _

14 _ _ 1.3

0.45; 0.048; 0.036 0.0011

0.001 0.0009

0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0005 0.0003 0.0007 0.0005 0.004 0.004 0.0037 0.0037 0.0046 0.006

_ _

_ _ _ _ 0.32 0.55 0.36

0.33 0.38

Bkg. _-

205 34 Junct. 205 Hd: 2OJB Trai l , R-6; 205 35 2OJ 36 Junct. JWC Rds., R-7 205 31 ZOJ 38

0.45 0.55 0.2 0.3 0.033

0.91; 0.093 0.064

0.055; 0.093 0.045 0.095

205 39 205 40 205 41 205 42 205 43

0.05 0.023 0.05 0.0005 0.04 0.0007 0.048 0.004 0.049 0.0037 0.072 0.0046 0.073

0.073 0.2 0.32 0.22 0.23 0.2

_-

Bkg. _ _

_ _ 0.076

0.095

0.095

0.14

0.14

0.073 0.082; 0.19

0.091 0.082; 0.23

0.093 0.074; 0.19 Bkg.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _

2OJ 44 205 4 5 205 46 205 47 205 48 205 49 205 50 205 51 ZOJC - 1 rhru 5 20JA 1

ZOJA 2 ZOJA 3 2OJA 4 2OJA 5 20JA 6 2OJA - 7 thru 9 20JB - 1 thru 2 Z O K A 1 2oKA 2 2oKA 3 2oKA 4 2oKA 5 2OKA 6 Z O K A 7 2 M A 8

20m 9 ZOKA 10 2oKA 11 2 O L t I 2 201; I ZOIC 2 2OR J 2 0 K .I 20K 5 20K 6

2.2 1.6 0. M

6.6 3.3 2.4

8.3 6.5 3.8

0.50 0.31 0.22 0.23 0.19 0.20 0.23 0.17 0.15

103

1.5; 1.9 0.75

0.47; 0.58 0.43

0.43: 0.58

1.7 0.82 0.32 0.33 0.4 0.3 0.53 0.27 0.33

110

0.43 0.51; 0.78

0.38 0.34; 0.49 87; 91

H7 87 64 51 50

104 102

90 82

87 87 88 6 2 4 -1

81 73

G 5 ; 120 85; 120 $6 75

- 5 3 -

Locauon 14 Apr 15 Apr 19Apr 20Apr 21 Apr 23 Apr 27 Apr 1 May 3 May Best

- 20K 7 2OK 8 20K 9 2OK 10

?OK 16 ZOK 17 20K 18 2OK 19 20K 20 LOK 2 1 20K 22 20K 23 20K 24 20K 25

20K 2ti 20K 27 23K 28 20K 29 20K 30

2om 2

20KB 3 . 2OKB -1 20KB 5 20KB 6 2OKB 6 End 20KC 1 ZOKC 2 2OKC 3 20KD I 2oKD 2 20KD 3 2 0 m 4 20KD 5 2 O K E - 1 and 2 20KE - 3 and 4 2OKE 5 20KE 6 20KE 7 20KF 1 2 0 w 2 20KF End 20KG 1 20KG 2

43 29.6 14.1 11.3

7

12.3 11 12.3

13.7 !I. 5 8.1 6.8 6.1 2.7 0.93 1.2 1.5 1 .5

1.4 1.2 1.4 1.3 1 .4

1.7 1.8 1.9 0.0044 0,0027

0.0035 0.045 0.48 0.95 1.25

0.021 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.012

0.012 0.009 0.013 0 0.01

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.0096 0.01

0.01 0.01 0.01

a. 9

44; 45; 45 35 22 17.7

13.3 13.3 13.3 13.3 13.3

13.3 13.3 13.3 8.9 8.9

6.2 _ _ _ _ -- _ _

_ _ 0.27

2.3 _ _ 2.8 _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ -- 0.038

0.057 _ _ _ _ _ _ 0.058 0.039 - - - - _- 0.039

0.049 --

Estimate

56 43 23 15

15 16 13 17 13

13 11 1 1 7.9 7.5

4.4 0.93 1.2 1.5 1.5

1.4 .1.2

1.6 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.8 1.9 0.0044 0.0027

0.0035 0.16 0.48 1.6 2 0.02 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.012

0.025 0.009 0.035

0.01 0.034 0.025 0.01 0.0096 0.01

0.025 0.01 0.03

-_

.

aNot used. bpoor readings.

- 54-

I. . .

APPENDIX C

s 1

c

PALANQUIN NEAR GROUND ZERO Monitor Team Reduced Data (dose rates R/hr @ H + 1 hr)

Location 15 Apr 19Apr 22 Apr 23 Apr 24 Apr 27 Apr 28Apr 1 May 3 May Best Estimate

W ridge of c ra t e r 270" SW ridge oi crarer 225" N W ridge of c ra t e r 315" 375, SE of G Z Inear cable run) 5OOi arc; A-5, 0" 500, arc; 25* 5008 arc; A-7. 45" 500, a rc ; A-8 , 67" 5008 arc; -4-9. 90" 500% arc; .%-lo, 135' 500' arc; .4 - l l . 1 8 0 500, arc. A-12, 225" 500' arc; A - 1 . 270" 7501 SE ui G Z i.000~ arc, n-8. o" 1,OOO* arc. K-8, 2 2 3 1.00Of arc , R-9, 45" l,OOO* arc; G-9. 671" 1.000~ arc, R-10. 90" 1.0001 arc; R - 1 1 . 135" 1.0001 arc; G-11. 151. 1,000* arc; G-11. 18W 1,000' arc; G-12. 20t 1.000r arc; R-13, 225" 1.000, arc; G-13. 248" i.000~ arc; R - 1 4 , 270" ~ , O O O ~ arc; ~ - 1 4 . 2 ~ 2 1,000* arc; R - 1 5 , 315- 1.000' arc; (3-15, 3372 1.3OOl arc; 0"

1,3001 arc; B-5. 2 7 1,500~ a m , B-6. 45" 1,500l arc; 8-6. 9 0 1.500' arc; B-6, 1 3 5 O 1.5001 arc; B-6. 1W 1.300' arc; B-6, 2 2 Y 1.500' arc; B-6. 270" 1,SOOl arc; B-1, 315O 1,500* arc; 8-2. 33? 1,500~ a-c; 8-3, 351" l.5OOt arc; 12 Rd.) 8-4, 9" 20 2 1 Road 3,0W* arc; 13' 3,000, arc; G-4, 9" 3,0001 arc; G-5, 2 7 3,0001 arc; G-6, 45' 3,000' a rc ; G-6, 9 0 J,OOO- arc; G-6, 135) 3,000. arc; G-6, 180" 3,000, a rc ; G - 6 , 225.

3.00Ol arc: G-6. 270" . . 3;0001 arc; G I , 325' 3,000~ arc; G-2, 333" 3.000' arc; G-3. 351- U 20 J Road

- _ - _ _. _.

3,692 1,231

26 82

I54 3! 2 5 22 - _

- _ 5,231

92

28 8

..

._

-_ 6 6

I 1

25

185

4.321

34 9 4 2 3

I5 278

-.

- _ -_

-_

-_ -_

4.012 4.630

540 432

12 3 1 0.3 - - 0.3 - - 2 _ _ 2 -- 2 - -

12 -- 1.080 --

- _ _ _

3,500 3.600 10,700

570 3.700 1,200

26 92 90 31 16 22

470 30

6,000 1,000 1,500

80 30 15

13 8 6 8

20 30

I 2 0 200

3.800 4.300 100 34

9 4 2

3 15

170 230

1,500 4,200 5,900

540 370

10 2 1 0.3 0.3 2 2 1.6

IO 220

1.080

-55-

APPENDIX D PALANQUIN OFF- SITE

Monitor Team Reduced Data (dose rates R/hr @ H + 1 hr)

Location 14 April 14 April 15 April Best (6-7 hours (6-9 hours Estimate

- posts hot) postshot)

Ten-Mile A r c BA 9 BA 10 BA 11 BA 1 2 BA 13 BA 14 BA 15 BA 16 BA 15 BA 18

BA 19

BA 24 BA 25 BA 26 BA 27 BA 28 B A 29 BA 30 BA 31 BA 32 BA 33 BA 34 BA 35 BA 36 BA 37 B.4 38 BA 39 BA 40 BA 41 BA 42 BA 43 BA 44 BA 45 BA 46 BA 47 BA 4 8 BA 49

Twenty-Mile A r c REECo T r a i l e r Station # 1

REECo T r a i l e r Station # 2

REECo Trailer Station # 3

REECo Trailer Station 1 4

(1 mile West #1)

(1 mi le West #2)

(1 mile West #3)

(1 mile West 64) 11.7 mile West W4)

REECo T r a i l e r Station # 5 Between U S and # 6

REECo T r a i l e r Station W6 (1.6 mi le West 6 5 )

_ _ (Ht6.7 hr) 1.4

0.86 0.68 0.4 9 0.24 0.17 0.10 0.084 _ _ _ _ 0.060 0.036 0.035 0.029

( H e hr) 0,0009 0.0005 0.0006 0.0007 0.0006 0.0009 0.0008 0,004 0.011 0.015 0.097 '

0.17 . 0.53 0.87 1.0 0. $0 0.82 0.86 0.78 0.88 0.61 0.30 0.20 0.14

(H'8.8 hr) 0.11

..

..

.. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ._ _ _ ..

_ _ _ _ _ _ _. _ _ 0.5 0.45 0.2 0.1 0.04 0.05 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -- -_ -- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - -_ _ - _ _ -- _- _.

0.003 0.003 0.003 0.006 0.004 0.007 0.005 0.004 0.00 9

{::E7 _- 0.057

10.12 10.12

0,0009 0.0005 0.0006 0,0007 0.0006 0.0009 0.0008 0.004 0.01 0.02 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.9 1. 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5

0.3 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 _ _ - _ 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

0.003 0.003 0.003 0.006 0.004 0.007 0.005 0.004 0.00 9

0.04, 0.06 0.06 0.12

Location 14 April Best (5.2-6.1 h r Es t imate

ps t s l lo t )

Along Road from 20- t o 10-hlile Arc + 1 !,ilk 0.09 0.09 + 2.2 miles 0.13 0.13 + 3;niIes 0.15 0.15 + 3i miles 0.19 0.19 + 4 mi les 0.24 0.24 + 4 1 miles 0.29 0.29 + 5 miles 0.28 0.28

+ 6 niiles 0.32 0.32 + 61 miles 0.31 0.31 + 7 miles 0.26 0.26 + 7 i miles 0.23 0.23 + 8,miles 0.15 0.15 + 88 mi les ' 0.094 0.09 + 9 miles 0.042 0.0:

0.021 ' 0.02 + Q$ miles + 10 miles ' 0.043 0.04 + 10: miles 0.019 0.02 + 11 miles 0.017 0.02

Forty-Mile A r c (5-7 hr postshot) REECo T r a i l e r Station

+ 54 Inllus 0.24 0.24

# 14 0.04 0.04 #15 0.04 0.04 #16 0.03 0.03 #17 0.08 0.08

.Forty-Mile A r c and Beyond (8-11 hr postshot) Public Health C P Public Health P2 Public Health #71 Warm Springs

" " 14 mi les West *' 'I 29 mi les West '' 'I 30 mi les West I' " 34 mi les West

Tonopah (East Edge) Stone Cabin Ranch Clarks Station

0.005 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.006 0,004 0.005 0.006 0.004 0.015 0.01

0.005 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.001 0.01 0.01

aAverage of 29 readings after 3:lO PM PST on 14 April 1965.

- 56-

DISTRIBUTION

Series A

. t

LRL Livermore, Internal Distribution .

U. S . Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Peaceful Nuclear Explosives, Washington, D. C.

J. S . Kelly . San Francisco Operations Office, Berkeley, California

J. F. Philip Nevada Operations Office Las Vegas, Nevada

J, E. Reeves

Copy No.

1 - 17

1 8 - 1 9

2 0 - 2 1

2 2 - 23

- 5 7 - n

Documents

Gamma Fallout Fields, Project Palanquin/67531/metadc... · P UCRL-ID- 125523 Gamma Fallout Fields, Project Palanquin T. A. Gibson DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account