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FERTILIZER ASSIGNMENT - SOLUTION

NORTH HALF

Recommended – 3.0 lb. N

Fertilizer – 25-5-5

Garden size – ½ acre

43,560 sq. ft. per acre / 2 = 21,780 sq. ft.

21,780 sq. ft. / 1000 = 21.78 1000s

100% / 25% = 4 lb. fertilizer per lb. of N

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FERTILIZER ASSIGNMENT – SOLUTION (cont.)

3.0 lb. N per 1000 sq. ft. recommended x 4 lb. fert. per lb. N = 12 lb. fert. per 1000 sq. ft.

12 lb. fert. X 21.78 1000s = 261.36 lb. fertilizer

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FERTILIZER ASSIGNMENT – SOLUTION (cont.)

SOUTH HALF

Recommended – 3.1 lb. N

Fertilizer – 10-10-10

Covering 21.78 1000s as in north half

100% / 10% = 10 lb. fert. per lb. N

3.1 lb. N per 1000 sq. ft. recommended x 10 lb. fert. per lb. N = 31 lb. fert. per 1000 sq. ft.

31 lb. fert. x 21.78 1000s = 675.18 lb. fertilizer

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PATHOLOGY & PESTS

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METHODS OF CONTROL• Resistant varieties• Mechanical controls• Organic controls• Chemical controls

INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM)

•Best combination of all methods

•As environmentally friendly as possible

•Economical

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RESISTANT VARIETIES

• ADVANTAGES– Little or no other control needed for that pest

• DISADVANTAGES– Resistant only to specific pests– Seed may be more expensive

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MECHANICAL CONTROLS

• Rotate plantings• Netting, exclosures• Picking insects• Water spray• Mechanical traps• Insect vacuums

• Diatomaceous earth• Clean up trash• Hoe weeds• Weed barriers• Insecticidal soaps• Horticultural oils

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MECHANICAL CONTROLS (cont.)

• ADVANTAGES– Often cheap– Environmentally friendly

• DISADVANTAGES– More attention– May not be as effective as chemical or organic

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ORGANIC CONTROLS

• Release of natural enemy of pest

• Lady bird beetle (lady bug) - aphids

• Preying mantis - other insects

• Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) - bacterial disease of insects

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ORGANIC CONTROLS (cont.)

• ADVANTAGES– Environmentally friendly– May last longer than chemicals

• DISADVANTAGES– May be expensive– May not be as quick or effective as chemical

controls

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CHEMICAL CONTROLS

• ADVANTAGES– Usually immediate– Sometimes specific to pest– Often quite effective

• DISADVANTAGES– Often expensive– Least environmentally friendly– May be dangerous to humans– Often kills other insects or plants besides pest– May be toxic to birds, animals, fish, etc.

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PESTICIDE SAFETY

• Homeowners are worst contaminators

• Latest label is the LAW– Violations may be costly & deadly

• Designed to be safe if THE LABEL IS FOLLOWED

• Exposures are cumulative

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PESTICIDE SAFETY (cont.)

• Avenues of exposure:– Mouth– Breathing– Skin

• Hands, face & neck, groin

– Eyes

• USE THE REQUIRED SAFETY EQUIPMENT• If contaminated immediately flush w/ water,

shower, change clothes– See doctor immediately if symptoms occur

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PESTICIDE SAFETY (cont.)

• Always shower & change clothes after application

• Wash clothes separate

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Dermal (skin) absorption ratesScalp 3.7

Forehead 4.2Ear canal 5.4

Abdomen 2.1

Groin area 11.6

Forearm 1.0

Palm 1.3

Ball of foot 1.6

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PESTICIDE LABELS

• Brand Name

• Active Ingredients

• Type– Unclassified– Restricted Use

• Private Applicator Certification

• Commercial Applicator Certification

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PESTICIDE LABELS (cont.)

• Warning Statement– Caution - slightly or nontoxic– Warning - moderately likely to cause acute

illness– Danger - highly toxic

• May be accompanied by “POISON” & skull and crossbones if especially toxic

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PESTICIDE LABELS (cont.)

• Statement of practical treatment (first aid)• Hazards to humans & domestic animals• Allergic effects statement• Personal protective equipment

– This is a minimum

– BE SURE TO READ & FOLLOW

• Environmental hazards• Physical or chemical hazards

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PESTICIDE LABELS (cont.)

• Directions for use– Mixing levels - ILLEGAL TO EXCEED– Crops & weeds specified - CANNOT BE

USED ON OTHERS

• Entry statement

• Storage & disposal