Garden WiseNon-Invasive Plants for Your Garden

Western Washington Guide

Garden Wise is dedicated to Ann Lennartz

Voluntary codes of conduct For the gardening public (annotated):

In an effort to reduce the spread of invasive plants used for horticultural purposes, experts have created the “Voluntary Codes of Conduct,” a series of steps that nursery professionals, landscape architects, gardeners, and others can take to help curb the spread of invasive horticultural plants.

◊ Ask for only non-invasive species when you acquire plants. Plant only environmentally safe species in your gardens. Work towards and promote new landscape design that is friendly to regional ecosystems.

◊ Seek information on which species are invasive in your area. Sources could include botanical gardens, horticulturists, conservationists, and government agencies. Remove invasive species from your land and replace them with non-invasive species suited to your site and needs.

◊ Do not trade plants with other gardeners if you know they are species with invasive characteristics.

◊ Request that botanical gardens and nurseries promote, display, and sell only non-invasive species.

◊ Help educate your community and other gardeners in your area through personal contact and in such settings as garden clubs and other civic groups.

For the full Gardening Codes of Conduct, or to learn about the Codes of Conduct for Government, Nursery Professionals, Landscape Architects, and Botanic Gardens and Arboreta, please go to the Center for Plant Conservation’s website at:www.centerforplantconservation.org/invasives/codes2012.asp

Garden Wise Non-Invasive Plants for Your Garden

While most exotic plants are not problematic, a few have become invasive in Washington State. When these plants spread to wild areas, they cause serious problems. For example invasive knotweeds, butterfly bush, and yellow flag iris are changing our streamsides and riverbanks; spurge laurel and Atlantic ivy are altering our forests.

This booklet represents the collaboration of nonprofit conservation groups, state and country government, and the nursery industry. We believe that preventing introduction is the most efficient way to reduce the spread and impact of invasive species. Whether you are looking for new and exciting plants to add to your garden, or you are looking to replace invasive plants in your yard, we hope this book will be a valuable resource. Working together, we can ensure that future generations enjoy pristine wild areas in Washington State.

Please note that this booklet is a product of an ongoing project. Visit www.nwcb.wa.gov for updates and to learn about other problematic plants and their alternatives. You can also learn more from your local nursery, WSU Master Gardeners, and at www.GreatPlantPicks.org.

Full Sun Regular Water Well-DrainedSoil

Part Sun Medium Water Heavy Soil

Full Shade Low Water Evergreen

WashingtonNative

WildlifeFriendly Deciduous

Great Plant Pick

Florence Fennel, Finocchio, Bulbing Fennel

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Common Fennel - Foeniculum vulgare

Class B Washington State Noxious Weed

Non-bulbingvarietiesofthisherbareprizedfortheir

tall,feathery,aromatic,andoftencolorfulfoliage.However,thisperennialcolonizesgrasslandsanddisturbedareas,includingroadsidesandabandonedlots,wheredensestandscancrowdoutnativeflora.FennelescapeesareaseriousprobleminCalifornia,particularlyinnatural,openlandsandalongthecoast.FennelinvasionsarebecomingacommonsightinwesternWashingtonandmayposeanadditionalthreattoourstate’svanishinggrasslands.

Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum

Thisannualplantismostlikecommonfennel,withthesamefeatheryfoliageandisidealforculinaryuses.

•Theflavoroffoliageandseedsisverysimilartocommonfennel,andtheswollenstembaseisacrispy,flavorfulvegetableusedinmanycuisines.

•Thefoliageisgreenandhasafeatherytexturelikecommonfennel,buttheplantissmallerinstature(2-3feet,not4-6feet).

•Likecommonfennel,Florencefennellikesfullsunandwell-drainedsoils.

•Theyellowflowersattractbutterflies,andbutterflylarvaefeedonthefoliage.

•USDAzones4-9

Herbaceous

Dill

Cosmos

CourtesyofDeborahJordan,SolasGardens

ImagecourtesyofTroisHelvy

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Cosmos bipinnatus

Cosmosfoliageisfernylikecommonfennel,butitsdaisy-likeflowersdiffer.•Thisannualhasalongbloomtime,fromsummerintoautumn.

•Itcanaddpink,purpleorwhitecolortothegarden.

•Theprofuse,3-inchdaisy-likeflowers,createadifferenteffectinthegardenthanfennel.

•Easytogrowandcarefor,cosmoscanbedeadheadedtoprolongflowering.

•Cosmospreferswell-drainedsoilsandneedssunnysites,likecommonfennel.

•USDAzones3-10

Anethum graveolens

Thefoliageofthisplantisalsofeatheryandreaches3-4feet.

•Withawonderfulfeatheryfoliage,dilloffersafennel-likehazytexture,althoughtheplantisslightlysmallerinstature.

•Dilliseasytogrowinsunny,well-drainedsites.

•Thisannualwillself-sowinyourgarden,soremovespentflower-headsbeforeseedsscatter.

•Flatyellowflowersappearaboutthesametimeasthoseoffennel,attractingbutterflies,andbutterflylarvaefeedonthefoliage.

•USDAzones3-7

Morechoices:Amelanchier alnifolia,Cornus stolonifera (Syn. Cornus sericea),Holodiscus discolor,Hydrangea macrophylla,Physocarpus capitatus,Woodwardia fimbriata,andCalamagrostisxacutiflora‘KarlFoerster’allofwhichareWashingtonnativesexceptforHydrangeaandCalamagrostis.

Milky Bellflower

ImagecourtesyofAnnChapman

ImagecourtesyofKingCountyNWCB

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Policeman’s Helmet - Impatiens glandulifera

Class B Washington State Noxious Weed

Policeman’shelmethasprettypink-to-purpleflowersandisunusuallytallforanannualplant,reachingamaximumheightof10feet.Agardenescapee,thisprolific,self-seedingplanthasheavilycolonizedlowlandriparianareas,includingforests,streambanks,androadsidethickets,

whereitdominatesnativeplantcommunities.AlthoughconsideredaseriousprobleminGreatBritain,andontheWSDAquarantinelist,itisstilloftenillegallyexchangedamongstgardengroupsinWashington.

Campanula lactiflora ‘LoddonAnna’

Anuprightlong-bloomingperennialforawell-drained,sunnytopartlyshadysite.

•Thiseasy-to-growperennialwilllastinyourgardentoaddcolorandtextureovermanyyears.

•Theuprighthabit,reachingupto4to5feet,addssimilartextureandheighttothegarden.

•Beautifullightlilac-pinkstar-shapedflowersinpaniclesaresimilarincolor,butnotform,topoliceman’shelmet.

•Bloomsmid-summer,trimbackfadingflowerstoencourgere-bloomlaterintheseason.

•USDAzones5-8

Herbaceous

Cardinal Flower

Delphinium, Larkspur

ImagecourtesyofMonroviaNursery

ImagecourtesyofErvEvans,NorthCarolinaStateUniversity

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Lobelia cardinalis & cultivars

Anuprightherbaceousperennialforamoist,sunnytopartlyshadysite.

•Cardinalflowergrowsinsimilarconditionsaspoliceman’shelmet:moistsoilsandpartshade.

•Showyflowerspikescanreachheightsof3feet,shorterthanpoliceman’shelmet.

•Bloomsaregenerallybrightcrimson,thoughcolorcanrangefromorange-redtofuschiatopurpleinsomecultivars.

•Apopularchoiceforattractinghummingbirds.

•USDAzones3-10

Delphinium parishii ‘Skyblue’and Delphinium x elatum

Anupright,tallerherbaceousperennialforasunnysite.

•Theflowercolorrangesfromwhitetodeeplavendersandblues.

•Somecultivarsreachheightssimilartopoliceman’shelmet.

•Spurredflowersonlongspikesattractbutterflies.

•Thisdeciduousperennialgrowsbackstrongereachyear.Checkwithyourlocalnurseryfordisease-resistantcultivars.

•USDAzones4-7

Morechoices:Cleomespecies,floweringtobacco(Nicotiana mutabilis),Japaneseprimrose(Primula japonica),Thalictrum delavayi‘Hewitt’sDouble’,andnatives:westernmeadow-rue(Thalictrum occidentale),bleedingheart(Dicentra formosa),westernblueflax(Linum perenne),monkeyflowers(Mimulus guttatus and M. lewisii),andinside-outflower(Vancouveria hexandra).

Russian Sage

ImagecourtesyofJohnRandall,TheNatureConservancy

ImagecourtesyofAliceB.Russell,NorthCarolinaStateUniversity

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Tall or Purple Verbena-Verbena bonariensis

Washington State Monitor Species

Tallverbenahasbeenapopularadditiontogardenbordersforitslavender,tubularflowerclustersborneatopelevatedflowerstalks.Althoughattractiveinthegarden,thisvigorouslyself-seedingperennialisrapidlyspreadingintofieldsandopenareasaroundtheworld,includingthestateof

Oregon,andisonitswaytobeingaprobleminwesternWashington.Thepricklyhairsonthestemmakethisweeddifficulttohandpull.Identifyitearlyandnipitinthebud!

Perovskia atriplicifolia

Thissageisalong-bloomingperennialforasunny,drysite.

•Twelve-inchspiresofsmalltubularpurpleflowersaddatallsplashofcolorinlatesummer.

•Likepurpleverbena,Russiansageisadrought-tolerantplantonceestablishedthatdoeswellinpoorsoils.

•Similarinheighttotallverbena,Russiansageaddsastrongverticalelementtothegardenwithitssilverystemsandfoliage.

•USDAzones5-9

Herbaceous

Pincushion Flower

Frikart’s Aster

ImagecourtesyofKennedyHarris

ImagecourtesyofBellevueBotanicalGardenSociety,GreatPlantPicks

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Morechoices:Homesteadpurpleverbena(Verbena‘HomesteadPurple’),andPenstemonorbeardtongue(Penstemon)species,manyofwhichareWashingtonnatives.

Scabiosa caucasica ‘UltraViolet’

Aster × frikartii ‘Mönch’

Thisprolificbloomergrowsinamoundedforminfullsun.

•Thelongfloweringperiod(July-October)offerslavender-blueflowersthroughouttheseason.

•Amoredenselybranchedhabitthantallverbena,Frikart’sastergrows1.5to3feettall,prefersfullsunbutcangrowinpartshade.

•Providescolorinthelandscapewhenotherplantsaredyingbackinautumn.

•Its2.5inchflowersattractpollinatorssuchasbutterflies.

•USDAzones5-8

Anever-bloomingperennialforawell-drained,sunnysite.

•Thiscultivar’sbrightvioletpincushion-shapedflowersareperchedonthinstemsto2feettall

•Pincushionflowerisnotonlygreatforcutting,butitalsoattractsbutterfliesinthegarden.

•‘UltraViolet’isanewcultivarwithgreaterdiseaseresistancethanpastofferings.

•USDAzones4-9

Goats Beard

ImagecourtesyofErvEvans,NorthCarolinaStateUniversity

ImagecourtesyofWhatcomCountyNWCB

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Knotweeds - Polygonum speciesGiant, Bohemian, Himalayan, & Japanese

Featherywhiteflowerheads,largefoliage,andtall,bamboo-likestemsonce

madethisgroupofknotweedspopularasgardenornamentals.NativetoAsia,knotweedshavebecomeaseriousproblemworldwide

andareincreasinglyprevalentinWashington.Theyrapidlyinvaderiparianzones:blockingsunlight,disturbingnutrientcycling,andfacilitatingstreambankerosion.TheseknotweedsareaseriousproblemalongWashingtonStatewaterwayswheretheydegradehabitatforwildlifeandfishspeciesincludingsalmon.

Aruncus dioicus

Thisrobustperennialnativeprovidesheighttoyourgarden.

•Likeknotweed,goat’sbeardthrivesinmoistsoil.

•Itproducesapanicleofcream-coloredflowerssimilartoknotweeds,thoughfoliagetextureisfiner.

•BloomsinJuneandJuly,alittleearlierthanknotweeds.

•Goat’sbeardgrowsupto6feettall.

•USDAzones3-7

Herbaceous

Class B Washington state noxious weed’s

Fothergilla

Robusta Clumping Bamboo

ImagecourtesyofVictorCarrano

CourtesyofNoahBell,bamboogarden.com

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Fargesia robustaThisisatrueclumpingbamboowithanuprightform.

•Itgrowsto15-20feet,tallerthanknotweeds.

•Unlikeknotweedsandrunningbamboovarieties,clumpingbamboovarietiessteadilyincreasesindiameter.

•Thestemsprovidethebambooeffectthatgardenersprizeinknotweeds.

•Unliketheknotweeds,Fargesia robusta keepsitsnarrow,shinyleavesinthewinterforyear-roundinterest.

•Ittakesmorningsunandafternoonshade.

•USDAzones7-9

Fothergilla major

Thisisadeciduousshrubwithgorgeousfallfoliage.

•Small,fragrantwhiteflowersbloominspring,unlikethelater-bloomingknotweeds.

•Greenfoliageinsummerturnstospectacularfallcolor,asopposedtolesscolorfulknotweeds.

•Likeknotweeds,fothergillasportslargeleavesupto5incheslong.

•Shrubgrowsupto9feettall.•Cultivar‘Mt.Airy’grows5to6feettallandisaGreatPlantPick.

•Alsoknownaswitch-alder,thisshrubprefersmoist,well-drainedsoils.

•USDAzones4-8

Morechoices:Westernserviceberry(Amelanchier alnifolia),ocean-spray(Holodiscus discolor),Pacificninebark(Physocarpus capitatus),giantchainfern(Woodwardia fimbriata),redosierdogwood(Cornus stolonifera), allofwhichareWashingtonnatives,aswellasbigleafhydrangea(Hydrangea macrophylla) andgiantfleeceflower(Persicaria polymorpha).

Wintercreeper

ImagecourtesyofMonroviaNursery

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Yellow Archangel - Lamiastrum galeobdolon

Class B Washington State Noxious Weed

Strikingvariegatedleavesandtheabilitytothrive

inshadyareasmakesyellowarchangelapopularornamental

plantforgroundcoverandhangingbaskets.Unfortunately,thistrailingplanteasilyestablisheswildpopulations,inmanycasesastheresultofimproperdisposalofgardencuttingsorhanging

baskets.Yellowarchangelformsdense,homogenousmatsinforestsandparksandisaseriousprobleminBritishColumbiaandwesternWashington.

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Thisisalow-growingevergreenplantwithattractivefoliage.

•Thevariegatedleavesofwintercreeperprovidecontrastinthelowlightpreferredbyyellowarchangel.

•Wintercreeperwilltoleratefullsunaswellastheshadethatyellowarchangelprefers.

•USDAzones4-8

Groundcover

Heucheras & Heucherellas

Wild Ginger

TopHeucheraImage:VictorCarrano BottomHeucheraImage:TerraNovaNurseries

ImagecourtesyofRichieSteffen,GreatPlantPicks

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Asarum caudatum

Evergreengroundcovergrowinginparttofullshade.

•Beautifuldeepgreen,heart-shapedleavessmelloflemon-gingerwhencrushed.

•Uniquepurple-brownflowersthatmaybecoveredbyleaves,unliketheinsignificantflowersofyellowarchangel.

•Growsinavarietyofgardenconditionsandisdroughttolerantonceestablished.

•Growsbyrhizomesandslowlyformsexpandingmats.

•USDAzones7-9

Heuchera & Heucherella species

Low-growingperennials,somenativetotheNorthwest.

•Theseplantsproducesmall,airyflowersaboveornamentalleavesinavarietyofcolorsandpatterns,rivalingthefoliageofyellowarchangel.

•Heucherasandheucherellastoleratesuntolightshade.

•Theirdelicateflowersarealsoattractivetohummingbirds.

•USDAzones4-9

Morechoices:Bleedingheart(Dicentra formosa),wildlily-of-the-valley (Maianthemum dilatatum),three-leaffoamflower(Tiarella trifoliata),allofwhichareWashingtonnatives,aswellasJapaneseSpurge(Pachysandra terminalis),barrenwort(Epimedium)species,sweetbox(Sarcococca hookerianavar. humilis), and minatureLondonpride(Saxifraga ‘Primuloides’).

Sweet Autumn Clematis

ImagescourtesyofKingCountyNWCB.

ImagecourtesyofMonroviaNursery

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Old Man’s Beard & Silverlace VineClematis vitalba & Polygonum albertii

Class C Washington State Noxious Weed & Monitor Species

Climbingvinessuchasoldman’sbeardand

silverlacevinearecommonlyusedonarborsandtrellises.Yetthesevinescanestablishinforestsandalongriverbankswheretheycansmothershrubsandtreesandformdensematsintheunderstory,displacingnativeflora.Bothvinesproducethousandsoftinyseeds,whicharespreadbywindorcarriedonthebodiesofbirds.Silverlacevinecanalsoregeneratefromgardencuttingstossedaside,makingescapefromcultivationeasy.

Clematis paniculata, synonym C. dioscoreifolia

Thisclematisisavigorousandfragrantclimber.

•Thisclematishasfragrantcreamywhiteflowers.

•Liketheinvasivevines,thisisarobustclimber.

•Ittakesfullsuntopartialshade.•Likesilverlacevineandoldman’sbeard,SweetAutumnclematisbloomsfromsummertofall.

•Thisclimbergrowsupto20feettall.

•USDAzones5-9

Groundcover

Italian Clematis

Orange Honeysuckle

ImagecourtesyofPatBreen,OregonStateUniv.

ImagecourtesyofBenLegler

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Lonicera ciliosa

Orangehoneysuckleisacolorfulnorthwestnativethatbutterfliesandbirdslovetoo.

•Theflowersareabrilliantorangeinsteadofwhite.

•Itgrowsupto30feettall,likeoldman’sbeard.

•Thisnativetakesfullsuntopartialshade.

•BloomsoccurfromMaytoJuly,earlierthaneitheroftheinvasivevines.

•Birdsandbutterfliesareattractedtoitsedibleberriesandnectarflowers.

•Zones6-9

Clematis viticella & cultivars

Thisspeciesincludesavarietyofcolorfulcultivars.

•Therearevariousflowercolorstochoosefrom,whereastheinvasivevinesofferonlywhite.

•Growingonly15feettall,itdoesnotoverburdentreesliketheinvasivevines.

•Thisclematisprefersfullsun.•Likesilverlacevineandoldman’sbeard,thisplantisnotparticularaboutsoiltype.

•Zones5-9

Morechoices: Kiwivine (Actinidia kolomikta),chocolatevine(Akebia quinata),Japanesehydrangeavine(Schizophragma hydrangeoides),climbinghydrangea(Hydrangea anomalasubsp.petiolaris),andsilverveincreeper(Parthenocissus henryana).

Crinkle-Leaf Creeper

ImagecourtesyofPatBreen,OregonStateUniv.

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Atlantic & Invasive English Ivy CultivarsHedera hibernica & Hedera helix ‘Baltica’,

‘California’, ‘Pittsburgh’,&‘Star’

Class C Washington State noxious weed

Whileover400cultivarsofivyareusedforlandscaping,

onlyafewareconsideredinvasive.Whenallowedtoclimbandmature,invasiveiviesproduceseed-filledberrieswhicharespreadbybirds.AseriousprobleminwesternWashington,thesecultivarsspreadintoforestswherethevinesblocksunlight,smothertrees,andencouragerot.Densematsofivyblankettheforestunderstory,displacenativeflora,outcompeteforestseedlings,andharborpestssuchasrats.

Rubus pentalobussynonym Rubus calycinoides

Formsagreat,durablecarpetofroughleaves,darkgreeninsummerandtingedreddishinwinter.

•Thiscreeperisagoodgroundcoverforslopesandwillgrowtocoverlargerspaces.

•Itisdroughttolerantlikeivy,onceestablished.

•Crinkle-leafcreeperisanattractiveevergreen,finerintexturethanivy—withleavesthesizeofstrawberryleaves.

•Itgrowswellinsunandpartialshadeandremainshealthywithlittlecare.

•USDAzones6-9

Groundcover

Kinnikinnick

Climbing Hydrangea

ImagecourtesyofMonroviaNursery

ImagecourtesyofBenLegler

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Hydrangea anomala subsp. petiolaris

Agoodvineforclimbingtreesorwallsorfences:holdsonlikeivy.Mediumgreen,heart-shapedleavesarebeautiful,butdifferentintextureandscale.

•Large-leaveddeciduousfoliagewillcoverlikeivyinsummer,andcinnamon-redshaggybarkofferswintertexture.

•Unlikeivy,ithasbeautifullaceyhydrangea-likebloomsofcream-whiteinJunewhicharegoodfordriedarrangements.

•Plantisrelativelydiseasefreeandeasytocarefor.

•USDAzones4-8

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

Agreatnativeplantforcarpetingtheground,Kinnikinnickhelpssustainwildlife.

•Itsevergreenfoliageandmat-likespreadinghabitgiveanemeraldlookyear-round.

•Likeivy,kinnikinnickisadaptedtowell-drainedsandysoilsandsun.

•Thoughdroughttolerantonceestablished,unlikeivy,itdoesnottolerateshade.

•Unlikeivy,kinnikinnickflowersareornamental.Whitish-pinkbellsappearinsummer,followedbyredberries.

•USDAzones5-10

Morechoices:silverveincreeper(Parthenocissus henryana),minatureLondonpride(Saxifraga ‘Primuloides’),bearberry(Cotoneaster dammeri),wintercreeper(Euonymus fortunei),boxleafhoneysuckle(Lonicera pileata),sweetbox(Sarcococca hookerianavar. humilis),Bostonivy(Parthenocissus tricuspidata) andnativesbeachstrawberry(Fragaria chiloensis)andevergreenviolet(Viola sempervirens).

Japanese Iris

ImagecourtesyofLauraBurton

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Yellow Flag Iris - Iris pseudacorus

Class C Washington State Noxious Weed

Withitsshowyyellowflowersanddense,lance-

shapedleaves,yellowflagirishasbeenapopularaddition

toornamentalpondsandwatergardens.However,thisemergentwetlandplantquicklyspreadsthroughundergroundrhizomesandrhizomefragments.Itnaturalizesalongstreams,canals,andshorelinesinWashington.Yellowflagiriscancompletelyoutcompetenativewetlandplantsalongtheshoreline,anditsdense,root-likematcollectssedimentandseverelyreduceswaterflow,affectingplants,fish,andotheranimals.

Iris ensata cultivars including ‘Variegata’

Thesearebeautifulirisesforpondedgesandbogs.

•Theyareidealforwetboggyareasandedge-of-pondplantings,easytogrow.

•Elegantlargeflowersofwhite,purple,andvioletblueforminlatespringandearlysummer,alittleafteryellowflagiris.

•Foliagecanreach16inches,thescaleoftheplantissmallerthanyellowflagiris.

•Thefoliageofthecultivar‘Variegata’offersacreamywhiteandgreenfoliaraccenttopondplantings.

•USDAzones5-8

wetl and and aquatic

Laevigata Iris

Siberian Iris

ImagecourtesyofToddBoland

PatWoodward,PacificRimNativePlantNursery

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Iris sibirica & hybrids such as ‘Butter&Sugan’,‘Sunfisher’ (both yellow blooming)

Averyversatile,easy-to-growiris:theonetochoose,otherthanabeardediris,ifyouwantyellowflowers.‘Butter&Sugan’,‘Sunfisher’•Goodformixedborderswithnormalwaterneeds;alsosuitablefordampsites,butnotforstandingwater.

•Flowercolorsrangefromwhitetopurpletoblue-purpletoyellow.

•Withfoliageusually2feetorless,andtallerflowers,theplantissmallerthanyellowflagiris.

•BloomsMay-June,butitslovelyfoliagemakesthisirisbeautifulinandoutofbloom.

•USDAzones4-9

Iris laevigata & cultivars

Atruewater-lovingiris,beautifulinandoutofflower.

•Anidealreplacementforyellowflagirisinpondplantings,laevigatairisgrowswellin6inchesofwater.Itisalsogoodforwetboggyareas,andit’seasytogrow.

•Flowersarelargewhite,purple,lavender,andpink.Yellow-bloomingcultivarsarerare.

•Bloomslaterthanyellowflagiris.•Foliagecanreach18inches,sothescaleoftheplantissmallerthanyellowflagiris.

•USDAzones2-9

Morechoices:Arcticiris(Iris setosa),blueflagirises(Iris versicolor and Iris virginica),beardediris(Irisxgermanica),andnativespeciesRockyMountainiris(I. missouriensis),westernskunkcabbage(Lysichiton americanum),andgolden-eyedgrass(Sisyrinchium californicum).

Fragrant Waterlily cultivars

ImagecourtesyofStevensCountyNWCB

CourtesyofErvEvans,NorthCarolinaStateUniversity

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Fragrant Water Lily -Nymphaea odorata

AlthoughnativetotheeasternhalfoftheUnitedStates,fragrantwaterlilyhasbeendeliberatelyintroducedintoponds

andwatergardensinthePacificNorthwestbecauseofitslargeandbeautiful,sweet-smellingwhiteflowers.However,thisfloating-leavedplantcanquicklydominatethe

water,denyingsubmergedaquaticvegetationlightandoxygen,stagnatingwaterflow,degradinghabitatforfishandinvertebrates,andrestrictingwildlifeandhumanaccesstowaterbodies.

Nymphaea ‘Lucianna’, N. ‘PinkBeauty’, N. ‘Hermine’

Thesefragrantwaterliliesareidealforcontainedwatergardens.

•LessaggressivecultivarsofNymphaea,suchastheMarliaccultivars,comeinawiderangeofbothboldandsubtlecolors.

•Thesewatergardenplantsshouldnotbeplacedinnaturalponds,lakes,streams,orriverswherespreadmaybeadangeroraproblem.

•USDAzones3-11

Wetl and and aquatic

Water Shield

Spatterdock

ImagecourtesyofWhatcomCountyNWCB

ImagecourtesyofBenLegler

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Nuphar polysepala

Alargenativeaquaticplantfoundinarangeofwaterdepths.

•Floatingleavesonstiffstemssometimesliftabovethewaterduringlowwaterlevels.

•Theshowyyellowflowerisdissimilartofragrantwaterlily’slotus-likebloom,butnolesseye-catching.

•ThisnativeplantisfoundinpondsandlakesaroundWashingtonandisanimportantsourceoffoodandshelterforlocalfishandwildlife.

Brasenia schreberi

Anativeaquaticplantwithsmallfloatingleaves.

•Floatingovalleavesaredarkgreenontopandpurpleunderneath.

•Watershieldgrowsinwater2-6feetdeep.

•FoundinlakesaroundwesternWashington,watershieldissafetouseinnaturalwaterbodiestoreplacefragrantwaterlilies.

•Thesmall,darkpurpleflowersthatappearinlatesummerareattractivebutunlikefragrantwaterlilies’showyblooms.

•Fishandotherwildlifeusethisplantforvaluablefoodandshelter.

Pleaseremember,neverdumpwatergarden,aquariumplants,oraquariumfishintonaturalwatersystems.

Gayfeather

ImagecourtesyofMonroviaNursery

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Purple Loosestrife & Garden LoosestrifeLythrum salicaria & Lysimachia vulgaris

Bothgardenandpurpleloosestrifeare

commonadditionstoflowergardens.Theseinvasiveplantsareamajorthreattowetlandsbecauseoftheirabilitytotoleratesaturatedsoilsandspreadrapidlyintonon-disturbedareas.Purpleloosestrifeisnotoriousforforminguniformstands;itcrowdsoutallnativeplantsandreduceswetlandhabitat.Gardenloosestrifeisanew,seriousconcernasithasbeenobservedout-competingnoxiouspurpleloosestrifeinWashingtonStatewetlands.

Liatris spicata

Eye-catching,purple-spikedperennial.

•Tallspikesofpurpleflowersaresimilarinappearancetopurpleloosestrife.

•Thisplanttakesfullsun.•GayfeatherbloomsJulythroughSeptember,aroundthesametimeaspurpleloosestrife.

•Unlikepurpleloosestrife,itlikeswell-drainedsoils.

•USDAzones3-9

Wetl and and aquatic

Meadow Rue

Wison’s Ligularia

ImagecourtesyofCarlaJohnston

ImagecourtesyofAllisonC.Mayer

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Ligularia wilsoniana

Atallandshowywetlandperennial.•Spikesofbrightyellowflowersopeninmid-to-latesummer,aboutthesametimegardenloosestrifeblooms.

•Itgrowsinmoistconditions,likegardenloosestrife.

•Thisligulariatakesfullsuntopartialshade.

•CultivarsofLigularia dentataandL. przewalskiialsohaveshowyflowerspikes,withL. dentatahavingshorterspikes.

•USDAzones5-9

Thalictrum aquilegiifolium

Featureslightandairyflowersabovefeatheryfoliage.

•Mauve-to-purpleflowersaresimilartopurpleloosestrife.

•Thisplantthrivesinmoist,richsoils,likethetwoinvasiveloosestrifespecies.

•Ittoleratesfullsuntolightshade.•Thedividedleavesresemblethoseofthecolumbine.

•USDAzones5-9

Morechoices:Bluegiant-hyssop(Agastache foeniculum),Hebe‘PurplePicture’,cardinalflower(Lobelia cardinalis),dwarfRussianalmond(Prunus tenella),tickseedcoreopsis(Coreopsis grandiflora),bluebeard(Caryopteris incana),andWAnativemonkeyflowers(Mimulus guttatus and M. lewisii) and Penstemonspecies.

California Lilac

TopimagecourtesyofTimMiller,WSU-NWREC,BottomimagecourtesyofLaurelBaldwin

ImagecourtesyofMonroviaNursery

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Butterfly Bush - Buddleja davidii

Class B Washington State Noxious Weed

Withitsshowypurpleflowersandabilitytothriveundera

varietyofconditions,butterflybushhasbecomeapopulargardenornamentalinNorthAmerica.However,ithasescapedcultivation,invadingroadsides,loggedclearings,andotherdisturbedareaswhereitcanformdensethickets.InthePacificNorthwest,itisproblematicalongriversandstreams,whereittrapssediment.Itdoesnotseemtobeahostplantformanybutterflylarvae,butitcandisplacenativewillowspeciesuponwhichmanyofournativebutterflylarvaefeed.

Ceanothus ‘Victoria’, ‘DarkStar’, ‘JuliaPhelps’, ‘BlueMist’, C. x vetchianus

Aneatandtidy,profuselybloomingandsun-lovingevergreenshrub.•Awonderfulfast-growinganddrought-tolerantshrubforwell-drainedsoils,thisnitrogen-fixingplanttoleratespoorsoils.

•Itattractsbutterfliesandhoneybees.

•Thebeautifulflowersareblueandfragrant,withlongspringbloom-time.

•Thisisaveryself-reliantplantthatiseasytocarefor,withnopestordiseaseproblems.

•Californialilacisevergreenandlooksneat&greenyear-round.

•‘Victoria’isaGreatPlantPick.

Trees and Shrubs

Chaste Tree

Pacific Ninebark

ImagecourtesyofAliceCoulthard

ImagecourtesyofM.R.andR.W.Smith

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Physocarpus capitatus & cultivars

A profusely blooming shrub withbeautiful, shaggy bark for full sunorshade.•Itattractsbutterfliesandtheirlarvae.

•Bloomsareroundedpompomsofwhitetowhite-pinkandthebloomtimeisearlierthanbutterflybush–latespringtoearlysummer.

•Adeciduousshrubwithanuprighthabitreachingasimilarheighttobutterflybush(12-15feet).Itcanbemaintainedat8-10feetandisadaptedtoawiderangeofsoilsandexposuretosun.

•USDA3-10

Vitex agnus-castus

Atallanduprightbuddleja-likeshrubforahotsunnysite.

•Summertoearlyautumnbloomsaddflowercoloratthesametimeofyearasbutterflybush.

•Bloomsarelilac-likeinform,fragrant,andlavender-purpleorwhite,bloominglatesummerintofallinfullsun.

•Thenecterattractshoneybeesandbutterfliesandfoliageprovidesfoodforbutterflylarvae.

•Palmatelycompound,dark-greenfoliageisaromatic.

•Thechastetreeisfreeofpestsanddiseases.

•USDAzones6-10

Morechoices:Non-invasivebutterflybushesBuddleja fallowiana,B. globosa,andB.xweyeriana, Caryopterisxclandonensis,Rose-of-Sharon(Hibiscus syriacus),andnativesLewis’mockorange(Philadelphus lewisii) andred-floweringcurrant (Ribes sanguineum).

Winter Daphne

ImagecourtesyofMonroviaNursery

ImagecourtesyofYamhillCountySoil&WaterConservationDistrict

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Spurge Laurel - Daphne laureola

Class B Washington State Noxious Weed

Spurgelaurelisashade-tolerantornamentalshrubwithshiny,darkevergreenleavesandlightgreenflowers.Birds

spreaditsbluish-blackberriesintotheforestunderstory,wheretheshrubcompeteswithnativeplantsforwaterandnutrients.AnativetoEuropeandNorthAfrica,spurgelaurelisconsideredoneofthetoptenplantsthreateningrareGarryoakecosystemsin

BritishColumbia,andisspreadingthroughoutWashingtonandOregon.Itssapandberriesarealsotoxic.

Daphne odora ‘Aureomarginata’

Thisisawinterblooming,deliciouslyfragrantshrub.•Theattractiveornamentalhaslarger,fragrant,pinkishflowersthanspurgelaurel.

•Thisshrubprefersshadyareas.•Likespurgelaurel,winterdaphneisanearlybloomer,fromFebruarytoMarch,andisalsoanevergreen.

•Thecultivar‘Aureomarginata’hasacontrastingcreamygoldleafmargin.Thespecieshasentirelygreenleavesandisalsorecommended.

•USDAzones7-9

Trees and Shrubs

Daphnoides Rhododendron

Salal

CourtesyofPatBreen,OregonStateUniversity

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Gaultheria shallon

Ahighlyadaptable,native,evergreenshrubwithroundleatheryleaves.•Smallbell-shapedwhiteflowersbloomMarch-June,withpurplishberriesappearinginlatesummer.

•Salalinhabitsawidevarietyofsoiltypesandlightlevels.

•Itattractswildlife,includinghoneybees,andbutterfliesandtheirlarvae.

•Thefoliageisoftenusedinflowerarrangements.

•Thisrounded,denseshrubgrows3-6feettallandupto10feettallonfavorablesites.

•USDAzones6-9

Rhododendron ‘Daphnoides’

Beautiful,largepurpleflowersdecoratethisevergreenshrub.

•Largepurpleflowersareeye-catching,unlikespurgelaurel’sinsignificantgreenish-whiteflowers.

•ThisrhododendrondoesnothaveDaphnespecies’fragrantflowers.

•Itpreferssuntopartialshade.•Daphnoidesbloomsafterspurgelaurel,inlatespring.

•Asitsnamesuggests,theleavesarevery“daphne-like”.

•USDAzones4-8

Morechoices:Mexicanmockorange(Choisya‘AztecPearl’),fragrantsweetbox(Sarcococca ruscifolia),Skimmiacultivars,variegatedhybriddaphne(Daphne×burkwoodii ‘CarolMackie’),hybriddaphne(Daphnextransatlantica‘EternalFragrance’)andournativeevergreenhuckleberry(Vaccinium ovatum).

Meserve Hybrid Hollies

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English Holly - Ilex aquifolium

Englishholly’severgreenfoliageandredberriesmakeitatraditionalhedgerowshrubinthePacificNorthwest.

Twodistinctleafcharacteristicsareevident,solidgreenandvariegated.Thesolidgreenvarietyhasbeenfoundescapingoutsideofgardens.Birdsusetheberriesasafoodsource,andtheyspreadseedsintosurroundingareaswhereplantsmaypropagate.

BecausetheNorthwest’sclimateissimilartothespecies’nativeEurope,Englishhollyisappearingasscatteredshrubsorlow

growingtreesinlowlandforestsofwesternWashington.

Ilex x meserveae ‘BlueBoy’,‘BlueGirl’,‘BluePrince’,‘BluePrincess’,‘ChinaBoy’,‘ChinaGirl’,‘BerryMagic’, & ‘EbonyMagie’

Ifyouwantlotsofberriesandbeautifulhollyfoliage,thesehybridsaretheplantsforyou.•LikeEnglishholly,thefemalecultivarswillsetfruitheavilyonlywhenpollinated.

•Allareevergreenwithadensehabitandtakeheavypruning,makinggoodhedgesandscreeningplants.

•Allcultivarsreach15-18feetorless;easiertomaintainasahedgethanEnglishholly.

•USDAzones6-8

Trees and Shrubs

ImagecourtesyofPatBreen,OregonStateUniv.

Washington State Monitor Species

Tall Oregon Grape

Osmanthus or False Holly

CourtesyofRichieSteffen,GreatPlantsPicks

ImagecourtesyofBenLegler

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Osmanthus heterophyllusGreatforscreening,thisshrublookslikeanEnglishhollywithoutberries.•Thisplantisoftenmistakenforahollyand,likeholly,iswellsuitedforscreeningandhedgesbecauseofitsdenselybrancheduprighthabit.

•Theabsenceofredberriesiscompensatedbysmallbutveryfragrantflowersinautumn.

•Itgrows15feetormoreinavarietyofsoiltypesandinsunorpartialshade.

•Easytocarefor,itisfreeofanydisfiguringdiseasesorpests.

•Cultivars‘Goshiki’,‘Purpureus’,and‘Variegatus’areGreatPlantPicks.

•USDAzones6-9

Berberis aquifolium synonym Mahonia aquifolium

Plantwithadense,upright,almostpillar-like habit and dark greenholly-likeleaves.•Agreatnativeplant,forscreen-ingandhedginginasunnysite,denselycloakedwithleaves.

•SmallerthanEnglishholly,tallOregongrapewillgrowtoreach8-10feetintime.

•Unlikeholly,thisplant’sbrightyellowbloomsareornamental,appearinginveryearlyspringandarefollowedbyblue-black,notred,berriesinsummer.

•Easytogrowinavarietyofsoils.•USDAzones4-8

Morechoices:EnglishhollycultivarsIlex aquifolium‘FeroxArgenta’and‘GoldCoast’,Berberisxgladwynensis‘WilliamPenn’,Eucryphia glutinosa,anddisease-resistantcultivarsoffirethornsuchasPyracantha‘Mohave’,andP. koidzumii‘Victory’.

Oregon Ash

ImagecourtesyofMandyTu,NatureConservancy

ImagecourtesyofPatBreen,OregonStateUniv.

JohnRandall,Nature

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Black Locust - Robinia pseudoacacia

NativetothesouthernU.S.,blacklocusthasbeenplantedextensivelyforitsattractiveandfragrantflowers,hardwood,andrapidgrowth.Thistall,fast-growing,andthornymemberofthelegumefamilycanquicklyformdensestandsinprairiesandalongforestedges,displacingnativevegetationandreducingthe

herbaceousunderstory.Itisgoodatout-competingmanyotherplantsbecauseofitsnitrogen-fixingability.AlreadyproblematicinthenortheasternU.S.andinTexas,blacklocustisalsoinvasiveinthePacificNorthwestandCalifornia.

Fraxinus latifolia

Nativetothepacificnorthwest,thistreegrowswellinmoistsoils.•Lightgreen,compoundleavesprovideatexturesimilartoblacklocust.

•Oregonashleafletsarelargerthanthoseofblacklocust.

•Similarinheighttolocust,Oregonashcangrowupto80feet.

•Theround,fullcrownshapeofmaturetreesissimilartothatofblacklocust.

•USDAzones6-8

Trees and Shrubs

Golden Rain Tree

Kentucky Coffee Tree

ImagecourtesyofPatBreen,OregonStateUniv.

ImagecourtesyofPatBreen,ORStateUniv.

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Koelreuteria paniculata

Thismedium-sizedornamentaltreetoleratesawiderangeofsoilconditionsinsunnytopartlyshadysites.•Showyyellowflowersgracewhatisoneofthefewmid-summerbloomingtrees.

•Compoundfoliageoffersasimilartexturetoblacklocust.

•Theornamentalfruitpodslastthroughwinter.

•Likeblacklocust,goldenraintreegrowsquickly.

•Thistreeisdisease-andpest-resistant.

•USDAzones6-9

Gymnocladus dioicus

Adrought-andair-pollution-toleranttreeformoist,well-drainedsites.

•Smallleafletsoncompoundleavesprovidealightandairytexture.

•Seedpods,similartothoseofblacklocust,canbeavoidedbyplantingmaletrees.

•Withheightsofupto75feet,Kentuckycoffeetreeprovidesasimilarshadecanopyeffect.

•Thoughmoderatelyfastgrowing,Kentuckycoffeetreedoesnotseedaggressivelylikeblacklocust.

•USDAzones5-9

Morechoices:Katsura(Cercidiphyllum japonica),Americantuliptree(Liriodendron tulipifera),andJapanesescholartree(Sophora japonica).

Douglas Hawthorn

ImagecourtesyofPatBreen,OregonStateUniv.

JamesManhart,TexasA&M

PatBreen,ORStateUniv.

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Common European Hawthorn & European Mountain Ash

Crataegus monogyna & Sorbus aucuparia

Thesesmall,ornamentaltreesarepopularforlandscapingbecauseoftheirattractivewhiteflowersandshowyredfruit.Butbirdsreadilydispersetheseedsfromgardenplantingsintonaturalareas,wherehawthorndisplacesnativevegetationandformsimpenetrablethicketsthatcanchangetheunderstoryecosystemofforests.Europeanmountainashcanestablishin

bothwetlandanduplandareas.Nativeversionsofbothofthesebeautifulplantsexist.Moredemandwillcreatesupplyinnurseries.

Crataegus douglasii

NativetowesternNorthAmerica,thissmalltreecaneasilybeconfusedwiththeinvasiveCrataegus monogyna.

•Similarinappearancetothesingle-seededinvasivehawthorn,Douglashawthorncanbedistinguishedbythethreetofivenutletsfoundinthefruitandless-lobedleaves.

•Showywhiteflowersopeninlatespring.

•Thisnativeprovideserosioncontrolinmoistsoilconditionsandriparianareas.

•USDAzones2-8

Trees and Shrubs

Lavelle Hawthorn

Western Crabapple

CourtesyofAlanDodson,GreatPlantPicks

Br.AlfredBrousseau,St.Mary’sCollege

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Malus fusca

APacificcoastnativeformoistsoilsinasunnytopartlyshadysite.•Prettywhitetopinkflowersappearinmid-April.

•Ediblebuttartredcrabapplefruitsarevisibleinlatesummertofall.

•Redoryellow-orangeleafcolorhighlightsyourgardeninfall.

•Thisnativecanbeusedasasmallshruboraccenttree,growingto35feetinheight.

•USDAzones3-7

Crataegus x lavalleei

Asuperbornamentaltreeinallseasonsforsunnytopartlysunny,well-drainedsites–oneoftheverybesthawthornsforthegarden.

•ShowywhiteflowerclustersappearingbetweenMayandJunearemoreornamentalthantheinvasivehawthornandash.

•Brightorange-redcrabapplefruitscontrastwithautumnleavesanddarkbark.

•Glossy,darkgreenandboldlytexturedleavesdevelopabeautifulbronzetingeinthefall.

•Thistreeiseminentlysuitedtourbanandsuburbangardens,reaching25-30feettalland20-25feetwide.

•USDAzones3-10

Morechoices:Othermountainashspecies(Sorbus commixtaandS. huphensis), Washingtonhawthorn (Crataegus phaenopyrum),crabapple(Malus‘Evereste’),Japanesescholartree(Sophora japonica),andnativeswesternserviceberry(Amelanchier alnifolia),Columbiahawthorn(Crataegus columbiana), and Sitkamountainash(S. sitchensis).

Index

Invasive & Alternative Plants by Scientific Name Name Page Name Page Anethum graveolens ……………………… 3 Mahonia aquifolium ……………………….. 27 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi …………………. 15 Nuphar polysepala ………………………….. 19 Aruncus dioicus ……………………………. 8 Nymphaea odorata….……………………… 18 Asarum caudatum………………………… 11 Osmanthus heterophyllus ………………… 27 Aster × frikartii ‘Mönch’………………… 7 Perovskia atriplicifolia …………………….. 6 Berberis aquifolium ………………………. 27 Physocarpus capitatus & cultivars ……… 23 Brasenia schreberi ………………………… 19 Polygonum albertii ………………………….. 12 Buddeja davidii ……………………………. 22 Polygonum spp. ……………………..……… 8 Campanula lactiflora …………………….. 4 Rhododendron ‘Daphnoides’ ……………. 25 Ceanothus spp. & cultivars ……………. 22 Robinia pseudoacacia ………………………. 28 Clematis vitalba, C. spp. & cultivars … 12-13 Rubus pentalobus (syn. R. calycinoides)… 14 Cosmos bipinnatus ……………………….. 3 Scabiosa caucasica ‘Ultra Violet’……….. 7 Crataegus douglasii & C. monogyna ….. 30 Thalictrum aquilegiifolium ……………….. 21 Crataegus x lavalleei ……………………… 31 Verbena bonariensis ….……………………. 6 Daphne laureola …………………………… 24 Vitex agnus-castus ………………………….. 23 Daphne odora ‘Aureomarginata’……… 24 Delphinium parishii & cultivars ………. 5 Invasive Plants by Common Name Euonymus fortunei & cultivars ……….. 10 Fargesia robusta…………………………… 9 Black locust ……………………………….. 28 Foeniculum vulgare ………………………. 2 Butterfly bush ……………………………… 22 Fothergilla major ………………………….. 9 Common European hawthorn…………. 30 Fraxinus latifolia ………………………….. 28 Common fennel …………………………... 2 Gaultheria shallon ………………………… 25 English holly………………………………. 26 Gymnocladus dioicus ……………………... 29 European mountain ash…………........... 30 Hedera hibernica & Hedera helix ……… 14 Fragrant waterlily ………………………. 18 Heuchera & Heucherella spp. & cultivars 11 Garden loosestrife …………................. 20 Hydrangea anomala subsp. petiolaris… 15 Ivy: Atlantic/Irish & English cultivars 14 Ilex aquifolium & I x meserveae ……….. 26 Knotweeds ………………………………….. 8 Impatiens glandulifera …………………… 4 Old man’s beard …………………………… 12 Iris pseudacorus & Iris spp. & cultivars 16-17 Policeman’s helmet ………………………. 4 Koelreuteria paniculata …………………. 29 Purple loosestrife………………………… 20 Lamiastrum galeobdolon ………………… 10 Purple verbena …………………………….. 6 Liatris spicata ……………………………… 20 Silverlace vine ……………………………… 12 Ligularia wilsoniana ……………………… 21 Spurge laurel ……………………………….. 14 Lobelia cardinalis & cultivars …………. 5 Tall verbena ……………………………….. 6 Lonicera ciliosa …………………………….. 13 Yellow archangel …………………………... 10 Lysimachia vulgaris ………………………. 20 Yellow flag iris …………………………….. 16 Lythrum salicaria …………………………. 20 Malus fusca ……………………………….. 31

Washington State Noxious Weed ListTohelpprotectourstate’sresourcesandeconomy,theWashingtonStateNoxiousWeedControlBoardcreatesanannualNoxiousWeedListofthemostseriousinvasiveplants(WAC16-750).Thislistseparatesweedsintothreemajorclasses:

ClassANoxiousWeedsSpecieswhosedistributioninWashingtonislimited.StatelawrequireseradicationoftheseNoxiousWeeds.ClassBNoxiousWeedsSpecieswhosedistributionislimitedtoportionsofWashington.Thegoalistocontainplantswheretheyalreadyoccurandpreventspreadintonewareas.ClassCNoxiousWeedsNoxiousWeedsthataretypicallywidespreadinWashingtonState.Countieshavetheoptiontoenforcecontrol.

Becauseapproximatelyhalfoftheplantsontheweedlistaregardenescapees,makingwisegardenchoicesisanexcellentstepincontrollinginvasiveplants.Forinformationonweedlawsorweedremoval,contactyourcounty’snoxiousweedcontrolboard.Thestateweedboardcandirectyoutoyourcountyweedboardfromourwebsite:www.nwcb.wa.gov(clickon‘CountyLinks’),oremail:noxiousweeds@agr.wa.gov,orphone:(360)725-5764.

InvasivesAccordingtotheAmericanNurseryandLandscapeAssociation,“invasive,non-nativespeciesarethosethatcanorhavespreadintonativewildernessormanagedecosystems,developself-sustainingpopulations,andbecomedominantordisruptivetothosesystems.”Invasiveplantsarecausingseriousenvironmentalandeconomicaldamageworldwide.TheseplantshurtWashington’seconomyandprizednaturalresourcesbyreducingcropyields,displacingnativeplants,destroyingfishandwildlifehabitat,decreasinglandvalues,chokingwaterways,andbydiminishingrecreationalopportunitiessuchasfishing,hunting,hiking,wildlifeviewing,andbirdwatching.Preventativeweedcontrolisoneoftheleastexpensiveandmosteffectivewaystocombatinvasiveplants,andthispracticecanstartrightathomeinyourowngarden.

Formoreinformationsee:www.nwcb.wa.gov

Acknowledgements

Produced by:• WAStateNoxiousWeedControlBoard,www.nwcb.wa.gov• WAStateNurseryandLandscapeAssociation,www.wsnla.org• GreatPlantPicks,www.GreatPlantPicks.org• TheNatureConservancyofWA• ConservationNorthwest• UniversityofWashingtonBotanicalGardens• WashingtonNativePlantSociety• KingCountyNoxiousWeedControlBoard,

www.kingcounty.gov/weeds• WhatcomCountyNoxiousWeedControlBoard,

www.co.whatcom.wa.us/publicworks/weeds/index.jsp

Compiled and Written By:AlisonHalpern,SethCool,TanyaDeMarsh-Dodson,andWendyDesCamp

Design & Production By:CindyOrr&AlisonHalpern

Inspired By:Friendly AlternativesbytheAucklandRegionalCouncil,Cal-IPCDon’t Plant a Pest,andoriginalGarden WisedesignbyWhiteInk

Cover Art of Lewis’ Mock Orange By:LaurelBaldwin

Special Thanks To:ErinMoore,JeffLarsen,DanielleWarner,KarenPeterson,SarahReichard,SashaShaw,SeattleUrbanNatureProject,AmyYahnke&RayLarson

For more information please visit the following website:www.nwcb.wa.gov

Fourthprinting2013,originallypublishedFebruary2006