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mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]
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Share of NG in globalenergy mix is isSignificant
It is Much higher thanHydro electric andNuclear
This trend is likely tocontinue
No other source canfill this gap
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Heating Value940 1150 Btu/SCF
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Objective: To meet sales linespecification
Main activity:1. Separation: 2 phase or 3 phase
separators- to separate liquid(condensate), water, and gas
2. De-hydration - to remove entrained
water and water vapor from gasstream3. Sweetening - to remove
H2S and
CO2
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Stranded Gas Worldwide
1. Pipelines ( PNG ) Tried and true gas delivery system ;
immobile capital investments in pipe and compression
2. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) Gas is cooled t its liquid
state to reduce volume ; capital expense of immobile
terminals is high .
3. Compressed natural gas (CNG ) Gas is pressurized to
reduce volume ; large cost component is in ships, but mobile
.
4. Gas -to -liquids ( GTL ) Gas is reformed into a liquid ;
energy intensive / low efficiency ; capital is in
immobilefacilities, generally .
5. Gas -to -wire (GTW ) Gas is converted to electricity and
electricity is sent to customers via wire .
6. Gas -to -solids (GTS , NGH ) Gas is trapped in a
crystalline
matrix formed by water molecules ; a developing technology .
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Cost vs. Distance Plot for Selecting Proper
AlternativeProduction Volume vs. Distance Diagram for
Selecting
Appropriate Alternative for NG Transmission.
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LNG Chain LNG Chain Showing Capital Investment
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Methane Methane
Oxygen
Steam
n(CH2)- -
Water
CO
Hydrogen
Liquid Fuels
Gas-to-liquids (GTL) technologies are used to convert natural
gas to hydrocarbon liquids. Involves the multi-step, indirect
conversion of methane to higher molecular weight
hydrocarbons ranging from LPG to paraffin waxes
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