Gases and Their Properties Gases and Their Properties 4. The kinetic molecular theory describes the motion of atoms and 4. The kinetic molecular theory describes the motion of atoms and

molecules and explains the properties of gases. As a basis for molecules and explains the properties of gases. As a basis for understanding this concept: understanding this concept: a. a. Students know Students know the random motion of molecules and their collisions the random motion of molecules and their collisions with a surface create the observable pressure on that surface. with a surface create the observable pressure on that surface. b. b. Students know Students know the random motion of molecules explains the the random motion of molecules explains the diffusion of gases. diffusion of gases. c. c. Students know Students know how to apply the gas laws to relations between the how to apply the gas laws to relations between the pressure, temperature, and volume of any amount of an ideal gas or pressure, temperature, and volume of any amount of an ideal gas or any mixture of ideal gases. any mixture of ideal gases. d. d. Students know Students know the values and meanings of standard temperature the values and meanings of standard temperature and pressure (STP). and pressure (STP). e. e. Students know Students know how to convert between the Celsius and Kelvin how to convert between the Celsius and Kelvin temperature scales. temperature scales. f. f. Students know Students know there is no temperature lower than 0 Kelvin. there is no temperature lower than 0 Kelvin. g.* g.* Students know Students know the kinetic theory of gases relates the absolute the kinetic theory of gases relates the absolute temperature of a gas to the average kinetic energy of its molecules or temperature of a gas to the average kinetic energy of its molecules or atoms. atoms. h.* h.* Students know Students know how to solve problems by using the ideal gas law in how to solve problems by using the ideal gas law in the form the form PV PV = = nRT. nRT.

Using , HUsing , H22 + O + O22 H H22O, how many grams of O, how many grams of

water could form from the reaction of 64.0g of water could form from the reaction of 64.0g of OO22??

A)A)10.0g10.0g

B)B)36.0g36.0g

C)C)64.0g64.0g

D)D)72.0g72.0g

E)E)None of the aboveNone of the above

What causes a gas to expand What causes a gas to expand when it is heated?when it is heated?

A.A. The particles in the gas move The particles in the gas move around faster and spread out.around faster and spread out.

B.B. The gas becomes bigger.The gas becomes bigger.C.C. Particles in a high temperature Particles in a high temperature

state rise up and push the low state rise up and push the low temperature ones down.temperature ones down.

D.D. The actual particles themselves The actual particles themselves swell so that the whole gas swell so that the whole gas becomes larger when heated.becomes larger when heated.

Why does a gas decrease in pressure Why does a gas decrease in pressure when the container it is in becomes when the container it is in becomes larger?larger?

A.A. A larger container causes the particles of A larger container causes the particles of gas to hit the boundaries less often, gas to hit the boundaries less often, therefore they exert less pressure.therefore they exert less pressure.

B.B. The particles slow down when the container The particles slow down when the container increases in size, therefore causing the increases in size, therefore causing the particles to hit the walls with less force.particles to hit the walls with less force.

C.C. Because the particles swell and become Because the particles swell and become heavier, so that they move slower and hit heavier, so that they move slower and hit the boundaries less often.the boundaries less often.

D.D. Some gas always escapes when a container Some gas always escapes when a container expands and therefore, the pressure inside expands and therefore, the pressure inside goes down.goes down.

At absolute zero, which best At absolute zero, which best describes the motion of all gas describes the motion of all gas particles?particles?

A.A. They become absolutely still.They become absolutely still.

B.B. They turn into ice.They turn into ice.

C.C. They disappear.They disappear.

D.D. They become very cold and frost They become very cold and frost grows on top of the atoms.grows on top of the atoms.

What is the temperature of a What is the temperature of a metal at 435metal at 435OOC in the Kelvin C in the Kelvin scale?scale?

A.A.162 K162 K

B.B.567 K567 K

C.C.708 K708 K

D.D.1.59 K1.59 K

E.E.312 K312 K

What are the values for STP?What are the values for STP?

A.A.273273OOC and 1 atmC and 1 atm

B.B.0 K and 1 atm0 K and 1 atm

C.C.0 0 OOC and 1 atmC and 1 atm

D.D.273 K and 360 mmHg273 K and 360 mmHg

A 30ml cylinder changes from A 30ml cylinder changes from 2727OOC to 127C to 127OOC, what will the C, what will the cylinder’s new volume be if cylinder’s new volume be if pressure remains constant?pressure remains constant?

A.A.15ml15mlB.B.40ml40mlC.C.630ml630mlD.D.75ml75mlE.E.None of the aboveNone of the above

The air in the room is at 25°C and The air in the room is at 25°C and has a pressure of 101kPa. How has a pressure of 101kPa. How many moles of gas are in the many moles of gas are in the room, if the room has a volume room, if the room has a volume of 20 dmof 20 dm33? ?

(R = 8.31)(R = 8.31)

A.A. 230.0 mol230.0 mol

B.B. 1.61 mol1.61 mol

C.C. 0.816 mol0.816 mol

D.D. 76.0 mol76.0 mol

What is the volume of 2 moles of What is the volume of 2 moles of methane gas at STP?methane gas at STP?

A.A.22.4 L22.4 L

B.B.470.0 L470.0 L

C.C.11.2 L11.2 L

D.D.44.8 L44.8 L

Acids and BasesAcids and Bases5. Acids, bases, and salts are three classes of 5. Acids, bases, and salts are three classes of

compounds that form ions in water solutions. As a compounds that form ions in water solutions. As a basis for understanding this concept: basis for understanding this concept:

a. a. Students know Students know the observable properties of acids, the observable properties of acids, bases, and salt solutions. bases, and salt solutions.

b. b. Students know Students know acids are hydrogen-ion-donating and acids are hydrogen-ion-donating and bases are hydrogen-ion-accepting substances. bases are hydrogen-ion-accepting substances.

c. c. Students know Students know strong acids and bases fully dissociate strong acids and bases fully dissociate and weak acids and bases partially dissociate. and weak acids and bases partially dissociate.

d. d. Students know Students know how to use the pH scale to how to use the pH scale to characterize acid and base solutions. characterize acid and base solutions.

e.* e.* Students know Students know the Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and the Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis acid-base definitions. Lewis acid-base definitions.

f.* f.* Students know Students know how to calculate pH from the how to calculate pH from the hydrogen-ion concentration.hydrogen-ion concentration.

What is not a property of Bases?What is not a property of Bases?

A.A. Feel SlipperyFeel Slippery

B.B. Sour in tasteSour in taste

C.C. Conduct an electric currentConduct an electric current

D.D. Form a salt and water when Form a salt and water when combined with an acidcombined with an acid

E.E. All of the aboveAll of the above

According to BrAccording to Brøønsted-Lowry, nsted-Lowry, acids and bases are:acids and bases are:

A.A. Acids contain hydrogen ions and Acids contain hydrogen ions and bases contain hydroxide ions.bases contain hydroxide ions.

B.B. Acids are proton donors and bases Acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors.are proton acceptors.

C.C. Acids accept electron pairs and Acids accept electron pairs and bases donate electron pairs.bases donate electron pairs.

An unknown solution in the lab An unknown solution in the lab has a pH of 13, which best has a pH of 13, which best describes the solution?describes the solution?

A.A.A strong acidA strong acid

B.B.A weak acidA weak acid

C.C.A neutral solutionA neutral solution

D.D.A strong baseA strong base

E.E.A weak baseA weak base

What happens when equal What happens when equal amounts of a 1M acid and a 1M amounts of a 1M acid and a 1M base are mixed?base are mixed?

A.A. The solution is neutralized.The solution is neutralized.

B.B. A salt and water are formed.A salt and water are formed.

C.C. The [HThe [H33OO++] and [OH] and [OH--] are ] are equal. equal.

D.D.All of the aboveAll of the above

E.E. Both A and BBoth A and B

When a strong acid or base are When a strong acid or base are mixed with water they separate mixed with water they separate fully into separate ions, this fully into separate ions, this process is called:process is called:

A.A.DisintegrationDisintegration

B.B.DegenerationDegeneration

C.C.DissolutionDissolution

D.D.DissociationDissociation

E.E.None of the aboveNone of the above

An acid solution has a hydronium An acid solution has a hydronium concentration of [Hconcentration of [H33OO++] = ] = 0.001M, what is the pH of the 0.001M, what is the pH of the solution?solution?

A.A.11

B.B.22

C.C.33

D.D.44

E.E.55

SolutionsSolutions 6. Solutions are homogenous mixtures of two or 6. Solutions are homogenous mixtures of two or

more substances. As a basis for understanding more substances. As a basis for understanding this concept: this concept:

a. a. Students know Students know the definitions of the definitions of solute solute and and solvent.solvent.

b. b. Students know Students know how to describe the dissolving how to describe the dissolving process at the molecular level by using the process at the molecular level by using the concept of random molecular motion. concept of random molecular motion.

c. c. Students know Students know temperature, pressure, and temperature, pressure, and surface area affect the dissolving process. surface area affect the dissolving process.

d. d. Students know Students know how to calculate the how to calculate the concentration of a solute in terms of grams per concentration of a solute in terms of grams per liter, molarity, parts per million, and percent liter, molarity, parts per million, and percent composition. composition.

10g of Sodium Chloride is added 10g of Sodium Chloride is added to 100ml of water, which is the to 100ml of water, which is the solute?solute?

A.A.WaterWater

B.B.Sodium ChlorideSodium Chloride

C.C.Water and Sodium ChlorideWater and Sodium Chloride

D.D.Both A and CBoth A and C

How does water dissolve a polar How does water dissolve a polar solute?solute?

A.A. By surrounding the charges of the By surrounding the charges of the solute with the positive and negative solute with the positive and negative poles of the water molecules.poles of the water molecules.

B.B. By filling the gaps between the By filling the gaps between the moleculesmolecules

C.C. Water does not dissolve polar Water does not dissolve polar solutes.solutes.

D.D. Water gets broken down into HWater gets broken down into H+1+1 and OHand OH-1 -1 and these attach to the and these attach to the charges of the polar solutecharges of the polar solute

Heating a solid solute helps the Heating a solid solute helps the dissolving process by:dissolving process by:

A.A. Melting the solute therefore creating Melting the solute therefore creating a liquid that mixes easily with the a liquid that mixes easily with the solventsolvent

B.B. Spreading the molecules away from Spreading the molecules away from each other so empty spaces are filledeach other so empty spaces are filled

C.C. Increasing the speed of the solute Increasing the speed of the solute therefore increasing the collisionstherefore increasing the collisions

D.D. All of the aboveAll of the above

Which of the following is not a Which of the following is not a way to increase the rate at way to increase the rate at which a which a solidsolid solute dissolves? solute dissolves?

A.A. StirringStirring

B.B. Crushing the solute firstCrushing the solute first

C.C. Adding pressureAdding pressure

D.D. Increasing the temperatureIncreasing the temperature

1.5 mol of CuCl1.5 mol of CuCl22 are dissolved into are dissolved into 50L of water, what is the 50L of water, what is the Molarity of solution?Molarity of solution?

A.A.75.0 M75.0 M

B.B.3.0 M3.0 M

C.C.0.03 M0.03 M

D.D.0.75 M0.75 M

Explain why heating a gas solute Explain why heating a gas solute will not help it dissolve.will not help it dissolve.

A.A. Because the gas molecules are too small Because the gas molecules are too small to be affected by the increase in heat.to be affected by the increase in heat.

B.B. Because the gas molecules are too hard Because the gas molecules are too hard to stir and heating is just like stirring on to stir and heating is just like stirring on the molecular level.the molecular level.

C.C. Gas molecules move faster when heated Gas molecules move faster when heated and this causes them to move out of the and this causes them to move out of the solution so they don’t dissolve.solution so they don’t dissolve.

D.D. Gas molecules are lower in energy than Gas molecules are lower in energy than water, therefore when the gas molecules water, therefore when the gas molecules are heated they have an increase in are heated they have an increase in their total enthalpy of dissolution which their total enthalpy of dissolution which requires an increase in the molecular requires an increase in the molecular status.status.

Chemical ThermodynamicsChemical Thermodynamics 7. Energy is exchanged or transformed in all 7. Energy is exchanged or transformed in all

chemical reactions and physical changes of matter. chemical reactions and physical changes of matter. As a basis for understanding this concept: As a basis for understanding this concept:

a. a. Students know Students know how to describe temperature and how to describe temperature and heat flow in terms of the motion of molecules (or heat flow in terms of the motion of molecules (or atoms). atoms).

b. b. Students know Students know chemical processes can either chemical processes can either release (exothermic) or absorb (endothermic) release (exothermic) or absorb (endothermic) thermal energy. thermal energy.

c. c. Students know Students know energy is released when a material energy is released when a material condenses or freezes and is absorbed when a condenses or freezes and is absorbed when a material evaporates or melts. material evaporates or melts.

d. d. Students know Students know how to solve problems involving how to solve problems involving heat flow and temperature changes, using known heat flow and temperature changes, using known values of specific heat and latent heat of phase values of specific heat and latent heat of phase change. change.

Which of the following is the best Which of the following is the best description of the temperature of a description of the temperature of a substance?substance?

A.A. The temperature is the average kinetic The temperature is the average kinetic energy of the individual particles in the energy of the individual particles in the substance.substance.

B.B. The temperature is best described as The temperature is best described as how hot a substance is.how hot a substance is.

C.C. The temperature is the total amount of The temperature is the total amount of kinetic energy from all of the particles kinetic energy from all of the particles in a substance. in a substance.

D.D. Temperature is best defined as the Temperature is best defined as the absence of cold.absence of cold.

E.E. None of the aboveNone of the above

When a reaction releases energy When a reaction releases energy (in other words energy is a (in other words energy is a product) this reaction can be product) this reaction can be described as:described as:

A.A. EndothermicEndothermic

B.B. ExothermicExothermic

C.C. Either condenses or freezesEither condenses or freezes

D.D. Both B and CBoth B and C

E.E. None of the aboveNone of the above

How much energy is needed to How much energy is needed to raise the temperature of 10g of raise the temperature of 10g of water from 20water from 20OOC to 40C to 40OOC?C?

A.A.200.0 J200.0 J

B.B.836.8 J836.8 J

C.C.2510.4 J2510.4 J

D.D.418.4 J418.4 J

E.E.None of the aboveNone of the above

What is the What is the ΔΔHHvapvap for water? for water?

A.A.334 J/g334 J/g

B.B.4.184 J/g 4.184 J/g OOCC

C.C.2260 J/g2260 J/g

D.D.1 cal/g 1 cal/g OOCC

How much energy does it take to How much energy does it take to get 260g of water at its get 260g of water at its freezing point to solidify?freezing point to solidify?

A.A. 587600 J587600 J

B.B. 86840 J86840 J

C.C. 1087.8 J1087.8 J

D.D. 3340.6 J3340.6 J

E.E. None of the aboveNone of the above

Reaction Rates and Chemical Reaction Rates and Chemical EquilibriumEquilibrium

8. Chemical reaction rates depend on factors that influence the 8. Chemical reaction rates depend on factors that influence the

frequency of collision of reactant molecules. As a basis for frequency of collision of reactant molecules. As a basis for understanding this concept: understanding this concept:

a. a. Students know Students know the rate of reaction is the decrease in the rate of reaction is the decrease in concentration of reactants or the increase in concentration of concentration of reactants or the increase in concentration of products with time. products with time.

b. b. Students know Students know how reaction rates depend on such factors as how reaction rates depend on such factors as concentration, temperature, and pressure. concentration, temperature, and pressure.

c. c. Students know Students know the role a catalyst plays in increasing the the role a catalyst plays in increasing the reaction rate. reaction rate.

d.* d.* Students know Students know the definition and role of activation energy in a the definition and role of activation energy in a chemical reaction. chemical reaction.

9. Chemical equilibrium is a dynamic process at the molecular 9. Chemical equilibrium is a dynamic process at the molecular level. As a basis for understanding this concept: level. As a basis for understanding this concept:

a. a. Students know Students know how to use LeChatelier's principle to predict the how to use LeChatelier's principle to predict the effect of changes in concentration, temperature, and pressure. effect of changes in concentration, temperature, and pressure.

b. b. Students know Students know equilibrium is established when forward and equilibrium is established when forward and reverse reaction rates are equal. reverse reaction rates are equal.

c.* c.* Students know Students know how to write and calculate an equilibrium how to write and calculate an equilibrium constant expression for a reaction. constant expression for a reaction.

The Reaction rate for a chemical The Reaction rate for a chemical reaction relies on:reaction relies on:

A.A. The decrease in reactants conc. and The decrease in reactants conc. and the increase in products conc.the increase in products conc.

B.B. A change in temperature, pressure, A change in temperature, pressure, and surface area.and surface area.

C.C. The presence of a catalystThe presence of a catalyst

D.D. All of the aboveAll of the above

Describe how adding pressure to Describe how adding pressure to solid reactants effects the rate solid reactants effects the rate of reaction?of reaction?

A catalyst increases the rate of a A catalyst increases the rate of a reaction by:reaction by:

A.A. Increasing the speed of individual Increasing the speed of individual particles so they hit harder.particles so they hit harder.

B.B. Breaks the reactants into smaller Breaks the reactants into smaller pieces.pieces.

C.C. Lowering the activation energy.Lowering the activation energy.

D.D. Telling the reactants to react Telling the reactants to react together.together.

E.E. Both C and DBoth C and D

Describe how adding pressure will Describe how adding pressure will increase the rate of a reaction increase the rate of a reaction for a gas reactants?for a gas reactants?

Which factor does not effect the Which factor does not effect the equilibrium of a reaction?equilibrium of a reaction?

A.A. TemperatureTemperature

B.B. CatalystCatalyst

C.C. PressurePressure

D.D. ConcentrationConcentration

E.E. None of the AboveNone of the Above

In a sealed bottle that is half full In a sealed bottle that is half full of water, equilibrium will be of water, equilibrium will be attained when water molecules attained when water molecules

A.A. Cease to evaporateCease to evaporate

B.B. Begin to condenseBegin to condense

C.C. Are equal in number for both the Are equal in number for both the liquid and the gas phaseliquid and the gas phase

D.D. Evaporate and condense at equal Evaporate and condense at equal ratesrates

In the reaction:In the reaction:

NN22 + 3H + 3H22 2NH 2NH33

Where would the equilibrium shift Where would the equilibrium shift if Pressure is increased?if Pressure is increased?

A.A. LeftLeft

B.B. The side with the more moles of gasThe side with the more moles of gas

C.C. The side with the least moles of gasThe side with the least moles of gas

D.D. Both A and BBoth A and B

What is the formula you would use What is the formula you would use to calculate the Equilibrium to calculate the Equilibrium constant of a reaction?constant of a reaction?

Draw a Heat curve and label Draw a Heat curve and label where a liquid, a gas, and where a liquid, a gas, and freezing occursfreezing occurs

ZnZn (s) (s) + 2HCl + 2HCl (g)(g) H H2 (g)2 (g) + ZnCl + ZnCl22 (aq)(aq) + + HEATHEAT

Write the Equilibrium Write the Equilibrium expression/constant for the expression/constant for the above reaction.above reaction.

ZnZn (s) (s) + 2HCl + 2HCl (g)(g) H H2 (g)2 (g) + ZnCl + ZnCl22 (aq)(aq) + + HEATHEAT

What would happen to the What would happen to the equilibrium if Hequilibrium if H22 gas is removed? gas is removed?

ZnZn (s) (s) + 2HCl + 2HCl (g)(g) H H2 (g)2 (g) + ZnCl + ZnCl22 (aq) (aq) + + HEATHEAT

What would happen to the What would happen to the equilibrium if the reaction is equilibrium if the reaction is placed on ice?placed on ice?

ZnZn (s) (s) + 2HCl + 2HCl (g)(g) H H2 (g)2 (g) + ZnCl + ZnCl22 (aq) (aq) + + HEATHEAT

What would happen to the What would happen to the equilibrium if the volume the equilibrium if the volume the reaction is in increased?reaction is in increased?

Why does a more concentrated Why does a more concentrated solution react at a faster rate?solution react at a faster rate?

A hot piece of Iron is placed into a tub A hot piece of Iron is placed into a tub of water at room temp. Which one of water at room temp. Which one losses energy?losses energy?

In Thermochemistry, which term is In Thermochemistry, which term is used to describe a reaction that is used to describe a reaction that is cold in temperature.cold in temperature.

2Na + Cl2Na + Cl22 2NaCl 2NaCl

If 3.64 moles of Na is reacted with If 3.64 moles of Na is reacted with an excess of chlorine gas, how an excess of chlorine gas, how many moles of NaCl will be many moles of NaCl will be produced? produced? A.A. 1.28 mol1.28 mol

B.B. 3.64 mol3.64 mol

C.C. 7.28 mol7.28 mol

D.D. 10.92 mol10.92 mol

2H2H22 + O + O22 2H 2H22OO

If 8 g of oxygen reacts with an If 8 g of oxygen reacts with an unlimited amount of hydrogen, unlimited amount of hydrogen, how many grams of water will be how many grams of water will be produced? produced? A.A. 9 g9 g

B.B. 16 g16 g

C.C. 18 g18 g

D.D. 36 g36 g

A mass of 5.4 grams of aluminum (Al) A mass of 5.4 grams of aluminum (Al) reacts with an excess of copper (II) reacts with an excess of copper (II) chloride (CuClchloride (CuCl2 2 ) in solution, as shown ) in solution, as shown below. below.

3CuCl3CuCl22 + 2Al + 2Al 2AlCl 2AlCl33 + 3Cu + 3Cu

What mass of solid copper (Cu) is What mass of solid copper (Cu) is produced?produced?A.A. 0.65 g 0.65 g

B.B. 8.5 g 8.5 g

C.C. 13 g 13 g

D.D. 19 g19 g

Which statement best describes the Which statement best describes the density of an atom’s nucleus? density of an atom’s nucleus? A.A. The nucleus occupies most of the atom’s The nucleus occupies most of the atom’s

volume but contains little of its mass.volume but contains little of its mass.

B.B. The nucleus occupies very little of The nucleus occupies very little of the the atom’s volume but contains atom’s volume but contains little of its little of its mass.mass.

C.C. The nucleus occupies most of the atom’s The nucleus occupies most of the atom’s volume but contains most of its mass.volume but contains most of its mass.

D.D. The nucleus occupies very little of the The nucleus occupies very little of the atom’s volume but contains most of its atom’s volume but contains most of its mass.mass.

D

Which part of the atom has Which part of the atom has the least amount of mass? the least amount of mass? A.A. electron cloudelectron cloud

B.B. nucleusnucleus

C.C. neutronsneutrons

D.D. protonproton

A

How many outer shell How many outer shell electrons (valence electrons) electrons (valence electrons) does iron have?does iron have?

2

Draw the Lewis electron dot diagram for nitrogen.

N

Elements X has the following electron Elements X has the following electron configuration:configuration:

1s1s222s2s222p2p663s3s223p3p664s4s223d3d10104p4p665s5s224d4d10105p5p66. .

Which of the following describes this Which of the following describes this element?element?

A.A. unstable metalunstable metal B.B. unstable nonmetalunstable nonmetal C.C. stable metalstable metal D.D. stable nonmetalstable nonmetal

D

Which of the following Which of the following elements has the largest elements has the largest radius?radius?

A.A.FF

B.B.BrBr

C.C.AsAs

D.D.NN

E.E.SS C

Where are the alkali earth Where are the alkali earth metals?metals?

2nd Group

If aluminum becomes an If aluminum becomes an ion, does it become larger ion, does it become larger or smaller?or smaller?

Smaller – it lost

electrons (3+)

What is Nuclear Fusion?What is Nuclear Fusion?

When a nucleus breaks down into smaller ones

An isotope of uranium emits a particle An isotope of uranium emits a particle composed of two protons and two composed of two protons and two neutrons. What remains after the neutrons. What remains after the isotope emits the particle?isotope emits the particle?

A.A. a new element that has a mass smaller a new element that has a mass smaller than the uranium massthan the uranium mass

B.B. a new element that has a mass greater a new element that has a mass greater than the uranium massthan the uranium mass

C.C. a new isotope of uranium that has a a new isotope of uranium that has a mass greater than the starting massmass greater than the starting mass

D.D. a new isotope of uranium that has a a new isotope of uranium that has a mass smaller than the starting massmass smaller than the starting mass

A

What are the three types of What are the three types of nuclear decay?nuclear decay?

Alpha, beta, gamm

a

How is a positive ion formed?How is a positive ion formed?

By losing electrons

What element is in group 4 and period What element is in group 4 and period 5?5?

A. MagnesiumA. Magnesium

B. ZirconiumB. Zirconium

C. VanadiumC. Vanadium

D. BoronD. Boron

B

If a circuit for a light bulb is bridged by a If a circuit for a light bulb is bridged by a glass of pure water, what will glass of pure water, what will happen?happen?

A.A. The light bulb will glow because The light bulb will glow because water conducts electricitywater conducts electricity

B.B. The light bulb wont glow because the The light bulb wont glow because the water needs to have ionswater needs to have ions

C.C. Hard to say it depends on the Hard to say it depends on the temperature of the watertemperature of the water

D.D. Only if a catalyst is available will it Only if a catalyst is available will it lightlight B

Ionic materials are best described as:Ionic materials are best described as:

A.A. Gaseous masses with weak Gaseous masses with weak interparticle forcesinterparticle forces

B.B. Solids made of atoms sharing Solids made of atoms sharing electrons in order to complete the electrons in order to complete the valance shells of the participating valance shells of the participating elementselements

C.C. Solids made of a repeating pattern of Solids made of a repeating pattern of ions held by electrostatic forcesions held by electrostatic forces

D.D. Liquids that have weaker Liquids that have weaker intermolecular bonds so that the intermolecular bonds so that the molecules can easily pass each other.molecules can easily pass each other.C

Which of the following best explains Which of the following best explains how covalent bonding occurs?how covalent bonding occurs?

A.A. Atoms exchange electrons forming Atoms exchange electrons forming positive and negative ionspositive and negative ions

B.B. Metals share electrons forming Metals share electrons forming moleculesmolecules

C.C. Nonmetals share electrons forming Nonmetals share electrons forming moleculesmolecules

D.D. Marvin Gaye plays “Let’s get it on” Marvin Gaye plays “Let’s get it on” and the atoms tumble into each and the atoms tumble into each others arms.others arms.

C

Which of the following elements is Which of the following elements is filling the “s” sublevel?filling the “s” sublevel?

A. CuA. Cu

B. FeB. Fe

C. CaC. Ca

D. NeD. Ne

What family is Bromine in?What family is Bromine in?

If the unbalanced equation is:If the unbalanced equation is:

CC33HH88 + O + O22 → CO → CO22 + H + H22O, then what is O, then what is the best whole number ratio the best whole number ratio between the propane and the between the propane and the oxygen.oxygen.

A.A. 1 to 51 to 5

B.B. 1 to 11 to 1

C.C. 3 to 83 to 8

D.D. 3 to 23 to 2

E.E. 8 to 28 to 2

A

TThe mole is best defined as:he mole is best defined as:

A.A. The number of hydrogen atoms The number of hydrogen atoms in a water moleculein a water molecule

B.B. The number of carbon atoms in The number of carbon atoms in 12g of carbon-1212g of carbon-12

C.C. The mass of a single atomThe mass of a single atom

D.D. The number of atoms it takes to The number of atoms it takes to get the molar equivalent of an get the molar equivalent of an atoms massatoms mass B

What is the molar mass of What is the molar mass of sodium hydroxide, NaOH?sodium hydroxide, NaOH?

40 g/mol

How many moles is 46.5g of How many moles is 46.5g of sodium hydroxide?sodium hydroxide?

A)A)1860mol1860mol

B)B).860mol.860mol

C)C)40.0mol40.0mol

D)D)1.16mol1.16mol

E)E)None of the aboveNone of the above D

What is the molar mass of What is the molar mass of (NH(NH44))22CrCr22OO77??

252 g/mol

How many grams of How many grams of (NH(NH44))22CrCr22OO77 are in 5.50mol are in 5.50mol

of ammonium of ammonium dichromate?dichromate?

1386 g

If a room at STP has 300L of If a room at STP has 300L of CO in it, how many grams CO in it, how many grams of carbon monoxide are in of carbon monoxide are in the room?the room?

375 g

What type of chemical reaction What type of chemical reaction always produces carbon always produces carbon dioxide and water?dioxide and water?

Combustion

What is ionization energy?What is ionization energy?

Energy needed to take 1 electron away from an atom

Why do metals create Why do metals create different colors when different colors when heated?heated?

The electrons get excited, jump to a higher level, fall back down and release the energy